JP2023141411A - Positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, battery module, and battery system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that provides sufficient adhesive strength between an electrode active material layer and a separator without deteriorating battery characteristics.SOLUTION: A positive electrode 1 for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a separator 20, and a positive electrode body 10 that is laminated on one side 20a of the separator 20 with an adhesive layer 21 interposed therebetween. The positive electrode body 10 includes a current collector 11, and a positive electrode active material layer 12 containing positive electrode active material particles present on the current collector 11, and the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer 12 on the surface 12a on the separator 20 side is 0.010 μm or more and less than 0.100 μm, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is 40% or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a battery module, and a battery system using the same.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery generally includes a positive electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a negative electrode, and a separation membrane (separator) installed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
For the positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a composition consisting of a positive electrode active material containing lithium ions, a conductive agent, and a binder is pressed and fixed onto the surface of metal foil (current collector), and the electrode Those with an active material layer formed thereon are known.
Examples of positive electrode active materials containing lithium ions include lithium transition metal composite oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO ₂ ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO ₂ ), and lithium manganate (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ), and lithium iron phosphate (lithium iron phosphate). Lithium phosphate compounds such as LiFePO ₄ ) have been put into practical use.

As a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, for example, one in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator in between is known. Further, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated on a separator via an adhesive layer (see, for example, Patent Document 1). There are two types of mechanisms (adhesion mechanisms) for bonding a positive electrode or a negative electrode and a separator via an adhesive layer. One adhesion mechanism is a function of joining the surface of the electrode active material layer and the separator using a press before injecting the electrolyte into the battery cell (dry adhesion). To prevent misalignment of separators in a step of stacking a laminate of electrodes and separators. Another adhesion mechanism is a function in which the adhesive layer gels and exhibits adhesive properties after injecting electrolyte into the battery cell (wet adhesion). By improving the adhesion between the electrode active material layer and the separator, charge/discharge cycles are improved.

JP2017-73328A

Dry bonding generally has low adhesion because the adhesive layer is hard, requires high press pressure, and requires a large amount of binder. If the amount of binder is too large, it will cause the resistance of the battery to increase.

The present invention provides a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that provides sufficient adhesive strength between an electrode active material layer and a separator without deteriorating battery characteristics.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors obtained the following knowledge.
In order to improve the adhesiveness of the adhesive layer, the surface roughness of the surface of the electrode active material layer in contact with the separator needs to be within an appropriate range. More specifically, the flatter the surface of the electrode active material layer in contact with the separator, the greater the contact area between the electrode active material layer and the separator. On the other hand, in order to reduce the surface roughness, the porosity of the electrode active material layer must be lowered, which prevents the electrolytic solution from sufficiently penetrating into the electrode active material layer, resulting in deterioration of battery characteristics.
By adjusting the surface smoothness of the positive electrode active material layer to a specific range and the porosity in the positive electrode active material layer to a specific range, the adhesive strength between the electrode active material layer and the separator can be improved without deteriorating battery characteristics. The present inventors have discovered that the present invention can be improved.
The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] Comprising a separator and a positive electrode body laminated on one surface of the separator via an adhesive layer,
The positive electrode main body includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing positive electrode active material particles present on the current collector,
the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface is 0.010 μm or more and less than 0.100 μm;
A positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein the positive electrode active material layer has a porosity of 40% or more.
[2] The nonaqueous electrolyte according to [1], wherein the positive electrode active material layer contains a conductive additive, and the content of the conductive additive is 1% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer. Positive electrode for secondary batteries.
[3] The positive electrode active material particles have the general formula LiFe _x M _(1-x) PO ₄ (wherein 0≦x≦1, M is Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Ti, or Zr). The positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to [1] or [2], which contains the compound represented by the formula.
[4] The non-container according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein a current collector coating layer containing a conductive material is present on at least a part of the surface of the current collector on the positive electrode active material layer side. Positive electrode for water electrolyte secondary batteries.
[5] The positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of [1] to [4], a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. , non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
[6] A battery module or a battery system comprising a plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to [5].

According to the present invention, a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained that provides sufficient adhesive strength between an electrode active material layer and a separator without deteriorating battery characteristics.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention.

In the present specification and claims, "~" indicating a numerical range means that the numerical values listed before and after it are included as lower and upper limits.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention. .
Note that FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams for explaining the configuration in an easy-to-understand manner, and the dimensional ratio of each component may differ from the actual one.

<Positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries>
A positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (also simply referred to as a "positive electrode") 1 of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode main body 10 and a separator 20. The positive electrode body 10 is laminated on one surface 20a of the separator 20 with an adhesive layer 21 interposed therebetween.
The positive electrode main body 10 includes a current collector (hereinafter referred to as “positive electrode current collector”) 11 and a positive electrode active material layer 12 .
The positive electrode active material layer 12 exists on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector 11 . A positive electrode active material layer 12 may be present on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 11 .
In the example of FIG. 1, the positive electrode current collector 11 may have a current collector coating layer 15 on the surface thereof on the positive electrode active material layer 12 side. That is, the positive electrode current collector 11 may include the positive electrode current collector main body 14 and the current collector coating layer 15 that covers the surface of the positive electrode current collector main body 14 on the positive electrode active material layer 12 side. Only the positive electrode current collector main body 14 may be used as the positive electrode current collector 11.

[Cathode active material layer]
The positive electrode active material layer 12 includes positive electrode active material particles.
It is preferable that the positive electrode active material layer 12 further contains a binder.
The positive electrode active material layer 12 may further contain a conductive additive. In this specification, the term "conductive additive" refers to a conductive material having a granular, fibrous, etc. shape that is mixed with positive electrode active material particles when forming a positive electrode active material layer; Refers to a conductive material that is present in the positive electrode active material layer in a connected manner.
The positive electrode active material layer 12 may further contain a dispersant.
With respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer 12, the content of the positive electrode active material particles is preferably 80.0 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 90 to 99.5% by mass.

The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer (when positive electrode active material layers are present on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, the total thickness of both surfaces) is preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 40 to 400 μm, and 50 to 50 μm. Particularly preferred is 300 μm. When the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is at least the lower limit of the above range, the energy density of a battery incorporating the positive electrode tends to be high, and when it is below the upper limit of the above range, the peel strength of the positive electrode active material layer is high; Peeling can be suppressed during charging and discharging.

[Cathode active material particles]
The positive electrode active material particles contain a positive electrode active material. At least some of the positive electrode active material particles are coated particles.
In the coated particles, a coating portion (hereinafter also referred to as “active material coating portion”) containing a conductive material is present on the surface of the positive electrode active material particle. By having the active material coating part of the positive electrode active material particles, battery capacity and cycle characteristics can be further improved.
For example, the active material coating portion is formed in advance on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, and is present on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles in the positive electrode active material layer. That is, the active material coating portion in this paper is not newly formed in a step after the step of preparing the composition for producing a positive electrode. In addition, the active material coating portion is not lost in the steps after the step of preparing the composition for producing the positive electrode.
For example, when preparing a composition for producing a positive electrode, even if coated particles are mixed with a solvent using a mixer or the like, the active material coating portion still covers the surface of the positive electrode active material. Furthermore, even if the positive electrode active material layer is peeled off from the positive electrode and put into a solvent to dissolve the binder in the positive electrode active material layer, the active material coating part will not cover the surface of the positive electrode active material. Covered. In addition, even if an operation is performed to loosen aggregated particles when measuring the particle size distribution of particles in the positive electrode active material layer by laser diffraction/scattering method, the active material coating portion will not cover the surface of the positive electrode active material. are doing.
The active material coating portion preferably exists on 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, and preferably 90% or more of the entire outer surface area of the positive electrode active material particles.
That is, the coated particles have a core that is a positive electrode active material and an active material coating that covers the surface of the core, and the area (coverage) of the active material coating with respect to the surface area of the core is 50%. It is preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 90%.

Examples of methods for producing coated particles include sintering methods, vapor deposition methods, and the like.
Examples of the sintering method include a method in which a composition for producing an active material (for example, a slurry) containing particles of a positive electrode active material and an organic substance is fired at 500 to 1000° C. for 1 to 100 hours under atmospheric pressure. Examples of organic substances added to the composition for producing active materials include salicylic acid, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, hexahydroxybenzene, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phenylalanine, water-dispersible phenol resin, etc. , sugars such as glucose and lactose, carboxylic acids such as malic acid and citric acid, unsaturated monohydric alcohols such as allyl alcohol and propargyl alcohol, ascorbic acid, and polyvinyl alcohol. According to this sintering method, by firing the composition for producing an active material, carbon in the organic substance is sintered onto the surface of the positive electrode active material, thereby forming an active material coating portion.
Further, other sintering methods include the so-called impact sintering coating method.

In the impact sinter coating method, for example, a burner is ignited using a mixed gas of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen in an impact sinter coating device, and the mixture is combusted in a combustion chamber to generate a flame. The flame temperature is lowered to below the equivalent of complete combustion, and a powder supply nozzle is installed behind it, and a solid-liquid consisting of the organic matter to be coated, a slurry made by melting it with a solvent, and combustion gas is passed through the nozzle. - injecting a gaseous three-phase mixture from a powder supply nozzle, increasing the amount of combustion gas maintained at room temperature, lowering the temperature of the injected fine powder and accelerating it below the transformation, sublimation, and evaporation temperatures of the powder material; Instant sintering is performed by impact to coat the particles of the positive electrode active material.
Examples of the vapor deposition method include vapor deposition methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid deposition methods such as plating.

The coverage rate can be measured by the following method. First, particles in the positive electrode active material layer are analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) using a transmission electron microscope. Specifically, the outer periphery of the positive electrode active material particles in the TEM image is subjected to elemental analysis using EDX. Elemental analysis is performed on carbon to identify the carbon that coats the positive electrode active material particles. A portion where the carbon coating portion has a thickness of 1 nm or more is defined as the coating portion, and the ratio of the coating portion to the entire circumference of the observed positive electrode active material particles is determined, and this can be taken as the coverage rate. For example, the measurement can be performed on 10 positive electrode active material particles, and the average value can be taken as the average value.
Further, the active material coating portion has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, and is formed directly on the surface of the particle (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “core portion”) composed only of the positive electrode active material. layer, and this thickness can be confirmed by TEM-EDX used for measuring the coverage ratio described above.

In the present invention, it is particularly preferable that the area of the active material coated portion of the coated particle is 100% of the surface area of the core portion.
Note that this coverage rate (%) is an average value for all the positive electrode active material particles present in the positive electrode active material layer, and as long as this average value is greater than or equal to the lower limit above, the positive electrode without an active material coating part This does not exclude the presence of a trace amount of active material particles. When positive electrode active material particles (single particles) without an active material coating are present in the positive electrode active material layer, the amount thereof is relative to the total amount of positive electrode active material particles present in the positive electrode active material layer. Preferably it is 30% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, particularly preferably 10% by mass or less.

The conductive material of the active material covering portion preferably contains carbon (conductive carbon). A conductive material consisting only of carbon may be used, or a conductive organic compound containing carbon and an element other than carbon may be used.
Examples of other elements include nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. In the conductive organic compound, the content of other elements is preferably 10 atomic % or less, more preferably 5 atomic % or less.
It is more preferable that the conductive material constituting the active material coating portion consists only of carbon.
The content of the conductive material is preferably 0.1 to 4.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by mass, and 0.1 to 4.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material particles having the active material coating portion. More preferably 7 to 2.5% by mass. If the amount is too large, the conductive material may peel off from the surface of the positive electrode active material particles and remain as independent conductive aid particles, which is not preferable.

The positive electrode active material particles preferably include a compound having an olivine crystal structure.
The compound having an olivine crystal structure is preferably a compound represented by the general formula LiFe _x M _(1-x) PO ₄ (hereinafter also referred to as "general formula (I)"). In general formula (I), 0≦x≦1. M is Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Ti or Zr. A small amount of Fe and M (Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Ti, or Zr) can also be replaced with other elements to the extent that the physical properties do not change. Even if the compound represented by the general formula (I) contains trace amounts of metal impurities, the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

The compound represented by the general formula (I) is preferably lithium iron phosphate (hereinafter also simply referred to as "lithium iron phosphate") represented by LiFePO ₄ .
As the positive electrode active material particles, lithium iron phosphate particles (hereinafter also referred to as "coated lithium iron phosphate particles") in which at least part of the surface is coated with an active material containing a conductive material are more preferable. It is more preferable that the entire surface of the lithium iron phosphate particles be coated with a conductive material from the viewpoint of better battery capacity and cycle characteristics.
The coated lithium iron phosphate particles can be produced by a known method.
For example, lithium iron phosphate powder is produced using the method described in Japanese Patent No. 5098146, and the powder is prepared using the method described in GS Yuasa Technical Report, June 2008, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 27-31, etc. The method can be used to coat at least a portion of the surface of the lithium iron phosphate powder with carbon.
Specifically, first, iron oxalate dihydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and lithium carbonate are measured in a specific molar ratio, and these are ground and mixed under an inert atmosphere. Next, lithium iron phosphate powder is produced by heat-treating the obtained mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Next, the lithium iron phosphate powder is placed in a rotary kiln and heat-treated while supplying methanol vapor using nitrogen as a carrier gas, thereby obtaining lithium iron phosphate particles whose surfaces are at least partially coated with carbon.
For example, the particle size of the lithium iron phosphate particles can be adjusted by changing the grinding time in the grinding process. The amount of carbon coating the lithium iron phosphate particles can be adjusted by adjusting the heating time, temperature, etc. in the step of heat treatment while supplying methanol vapor. It is desirable to remove uncoated carbon particles through subsequent steps such as classification and washing.

The positive electrode active material particles may include one or more other positive electrode active material particles containing a positive electrode active material other than a compound having an olivine crystal structure.
The other positive electrode active material is preferably a lithium transition metal composite oxide. For example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO ₂ ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO ₂ ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (LiNix _{Co y} Al _z O ₂ , where x+y+z=1), lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNix _{Co y} Mn _{zO 2} , where x+y+z=1), lithium manganate (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ), lithium cobalt manganate (LiMnCoO ₄ ), lithium manganese chromate (LiMnCrO ₄ ), lithium vanadium nickelate (LiNiVO ₄ ), nickel-substituted manganese Examples include lithium oxide (for example, LiMn _1.5 Ni _0.5 O ₄ ), lithium vanadium cobalt oxide (LiCoVO ₄ ), and non-stoichiometric compounds in which a portion of these compounds is replaced with a metal element. Examples of the metal element include one or more selected from the group consisting of Mn, Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, and Ge.
The active material coating portion may be present on at least a portion of the surface of another positive electrode active material particle.

The content of the compound having an olivine-type crystal structure is preferably 50% by mass or more, and 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material particles (including the mass of the active material coating if it has an active material coating). The content is more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more. It may be 100% by mass.
When using coated lithium iron phosphate particles, the content of coated lithium iron phosphate particles is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and 90% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material particles. is even more preferable. It may be 100% by mass.

[Binder]
The binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer 12 is an organic substance, and examples thereof include polyacrylic acid, lithium polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl. Examples include acetal, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, and the like. One type of binder may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
When the content of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is small, the resistance component in the positive electrode active material layer is reduced and the charge/discharge characteristics are improved. The content of the binder is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.8% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer.
When the positive electrode active material layer contains a binder, the lower limit of the binder content is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and 0.3% by mass or more based on the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer. More preferred.

[Conductivity aid]
Examples of the conductive additive included in the positive electrode active material layer 12 include carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, hard carbon, Ketjen black, acetylene black, and carbon nanotubes (CNT). One type of conductive aid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The content of the conductive aid in the positive electrode active material layer is, for example, preferably 4 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 1 part by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the positive electrode active material. It is particularly preferable that the conductive agent does not contain a conductive agent, and it is desirable that no independent conductive agent particles (for example, independent carbon particles) are present.
When blending a conductive support agent into the positive electrode active material layer, the lower limit of the content of the conductive support agent is appropriately determined depending on the type of the conductive support agent, and is, for example, 0.0% relative to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer. It is considered to be more than 1% by mass.
Note that the expression that the positive electrode active material layer "does not contain a conductive additive" means that it does not substantially contain it, and does not exclude that it contains it to the extent that it does not affect the effects of the present invention. For example, if the content of the conductive additive is 0.1% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer, it can be determined that the conductive additive is not substantially contained.

[Dispersant]
The dispersant contained in the positive electrode active material layer 12 is an organic substance, and examples thereof include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl formal (PVF). One type of dispersant may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
The dispersant contributes to the removal of aggregates in the slurry of the positive electrode active material layer. On the other hand, if the content of the dispersant is too large, resistance increases and input characteristics tend to deteriorate.
The content of the dispersant is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.2% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer.
When the positive electrode active material layer contains a dispersant, the lower limit of the content of the dispersant is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more based on the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer. .

[Positive electrode current collector body]
The positive electrode current collector body 14 is made of a metal material. Examples of the metal material include conductive metals such as copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, and stainless steel.
The thickness of the positive electrode current collector body 14 is, for example, preferably 8 to 40 μm, more preferably 10 to 25 μm.
The thickness of the positive electrode current collector main body 14 and the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 11 can be measured using a micrometer. An example of a measuring device is Mitutoyo's product name "MDH-25M."

[Current collector coating layer]
It is preferable that the current collector coating layer 15 is present on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode current collector body 14. Current collector coating layer 15 includes a conductive material.
Here, "at least a portion of the surface" means 10 to 100%, preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100% of the surface area of the positive electrode current collector body.
The conductive material in the current collector coating layer 15 preferably contains carbon (conductive carbon). A conductive material consisting only of carbon is more preferable.
The current collector coating layer 15 is preferably a coating layer containing carbon particles such as carbon black and a binder. Examples of the binding material for the current collector coating layer 15 include those similar to those for the positive electrode active material layer 12.
The positive electrode current collector 11 in which the surface of the positive electrode current collector body 14 is coated with a current collector coating layer 15 is prepared by, for example, applying a slurry containing a conductive material, a binder, and a solvent using a known coating method such as a gravure method. It can be manufactured by coating the surface of the positive electrode current collector body 14 using a solvent and drying to remove the solvent.

The thickness of the current collector coating layer 15 is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 μm.
The thickness of the current collector coating layer can be measured by a method of measuring the thickness of the coating layer in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image or a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a cross section of the current collector coating layer. The thickness of the current collector coating layer does not have to be uniform. It is preferable that a current collector coating layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm or more exists on at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode current collector main body 14, and the maximum value of the thickness of the current collector coating layer is 4.0 μm or less. .

[Arithmetic mean height (Sa) of positive electrode active material layer]
The arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the surface of the positive electrode active material layer 12 on the separator 20 side, that is, the surface 12a of the positive electrode active material layer 12 facing the separator 20 via the adhesive layer 21, is 0.010 μm or more and 0.100 μm. It is preferably from 0.010 to 0.060 μm, more preferably from 0.010 to 0.040 μm. When the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the surface 12a is less than the lower limit of the above range, the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer 12 decreases, and the electrolyte permeability decreases. As a result, the resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery increases and the charge/discharge characteristics deteriorate. On the other hand, when the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the surface 12a is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the above range, the adhesiveness between the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the separator 20 decreases. As a result, the cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery deteriorate. The arithmetic mean height (Sa) is adjusted by a combination of the amount of conductive additive, press pressure, and the like.

≪Measurement method of arithmetic mean height (Sa)≫
The arithmetic mean height (Sa) is measured according to the method specified in ISO 25178 surface texture (surface roughness measurement).

[Surface roughness (Ra) of positive electrode active material layer]
The surface roughness (arithmetic mean roughness: Ra) of the surface 12a of the positive electrode active material layer 12 facing the separator 20 via the adhesive layer 21 is 0.010 μm or more and less than 0.100 μm, and 0.010 to 0. 080 μm is preferable, and 0.010 to 0.060 μm is more preferable. When the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface 12a is less than the lower limit of the above range, the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer 12 decreases, and the electrolyte permeability decreases. As a result, the resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery increases and the charge/discharge characteristics deteriorate. On the other hand, when the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface 12a is less than or equal to the upper limit of the above range, the adhesiveness between the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the separator 20 decreases. As a result, the cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery deteriorate. The surface roughness (Ra) is adjusted by a combination of the amount of conductive additive, press pressure, and the like.

≪Measurement method of surface roughness (Ra)≫
The surface roughness (Ra) is measured according to the method specified in ISO 25178 Surface Properties (Surface Roughness Measurement).

It is thought that the strength of the press pressure of the positive electrode active material and the surface roughness of the surface 12a are correlated to some extent. Specifically, when the press pressure is large, the surface roughness of the surface 12a tends to become small. On the other hand, when the press pressure is small, the surface roughness of the surface 12a tends to increase. It is also adjusted by the amount of conductive aid. In other words, an appropriate compressed state of the positive electrode active material layer 12 can be achieved by adjusting the pressing conditions and the constituent material composition so that the surface roughness of the surface 12a has an appropriate value (a value that is neither too small nor too large). It is thought that this can be realized and that an appropriate gap can be created between the positive electrode active materials. It is thought that the permeability of the electrolyte in the positive electrode active material layer and the adhesion to the separator are both compatible, and the battery characteristics are improved.

[Conductive carbon content]
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the positive electrode active material layer 12 contains conductive carbon. Examples of embodiments in which the positive electrode active material layer contains conductive carbon include embodiments 1 to 3 below.
Embodiment 1: An embodiment in which the positive electrode active material layer contains a conductive additive, and the conductive additive contains conductive carbon.
Aspect 2: The positive electrode active material layer contains a conductive aid, and an active material coating portion containing a conductive material is present on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, and the conductive material of the active material coating portion and the conductive material An embodiment in which one or both of the auxiliary agents contains conductive carbon.
Aspect 3: The positive electrode active material layer does not contain a conductive aid, an active material coating portion containing a conductive material is present on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, and the conductive material of the active material coating portion is electrically conductive. Embodiment containing carbon.
Embodiment 3 is more preferable in terms of reducing the arithmetic mean height. Furthermore, for the same reason, in the case of Embodiment 1 or 2, it is preferable that the composition of the conductive additive is small.

With respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer, the content of conductive carbon is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and less than 3.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 2.8% by mass, and 1.2 to 2.8% by mass. 2.6% by mass is more preferred.
When the content of conductive carbon in the positive electrode active material layer is at least the lower limit of the above range, it is sufficient to form a conductive path in the positive electrode active material layer, and when it is at most the upper limit, it is excellent in improving dispersibility.

The content of conductive carbon with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer is determined by peeling off the positive electrode active material layer from the positive electrode and vacuum-drying the dried material (powder) in a 120°C environment as the measurement target. Quantity measurement method≫
For example, a powder obtained by peeling off the outermost surface of the positive electrode active material layer at a depth of several micrometers using a spatula or the like can be vacuum-dried in a 120° C. environment and used as a measurement target.
The conductive carbon content measured by the following <Method for Measuring Conductive Carbon Content> includes carbon in the active material coating and carbon in the conductive aid. Carbon in the binder is not included. Carbon in the dispersant is not included.

≪Measurement method for conductive carbon content≫
[Measurement method A]
The object to be measured is mixed uniformly, a sample (mass w1) is weighed, and thermogravimetrically indicated heat (TG-DTA) measurement is performed according to the following steps A1 and A2 to obtain a TG curve. The following first weight loss amount M1 (unit: mass %) and second weight loss amount M2 (unit: mass %) are determined from the obtained TG curve. The content of conductive carbon (unit: mass %) is obtained by subtracting M1 from M2.
Step A1: In an argon stream of 300 mL/min, the temperature is raised from 30 °C to 600 °C at a temperature increase rate of 10 °C / min, and from the mass w2 when held at 600 °C for 10 minutes, according to the following formula (a1) A first weight reduction amount M1 is determined.
M1=(w1-w2)/w1×100...(a1)
Step A2: Immediately after step A1, the temperature was lowered from 600°C at a rate of 10°C/min, and after being held at 200°C for 10 minutes, the measurement gas was completely replaced with oxygen from argon, and an oxygen stream of 100 mL/min was added. The second weight loss amount M2 ( Unit: mass %).
M2=(w1-w3)/w1×100...(a2)

[Measurement method B]
Mix the measurement object uniformly, weigh 0.0001 mg of the sample accurately, burn the sample under the following combustion conditions, quantify the generated carbon dioxide with a CHN elemental analyzer, and calculate the total carbon content M3 ( Unit: mass%). Further, the first weight loss amount M1 is determined by the procedure of step A1 of the measuring method A. The conductive carbon content (unit: mass %) is obtained by subtracting M1 from M3.
[Combustion conditions]
Combustion furnace: 1150℃
Reduction furnace: 850℃
Helium flow rate: 200mL/min Oxygen flow rate: 25-30mL/min

[Measurement method C]
The total carbon content M3 (unit: mass %) contained in the sample is measured in the same manner as the measurement method B above. Further, the content M4 of carbon derived from the binder (unit: mass %) is determined by the following method. The content of conductive carbon (unit: mass %) is obtained by subtracting M4 from M3.
When the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF: the molecular weight of the monomer (CH ₂ CF ₂ ) is 64), the content of fluoride ions (F ^- ) measured by combustion ion chromatography using the tubular combustion method ( (unit: mass %), the atomic weight of fluorine (19) of the monomer constituting PVDF, and the atomic weight (12) of carbon constituting PVDF using the following formula.
PVDF content (unit: mass %) = fluoride ion content (unit: mass %) × 64/38
PVDF-derived carbon content M4 (unit: mass %) = fluoride ion content (unit:
Mass%) x 12/19
The fact that the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride can be confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of the sample or the liquid extracted from the sample with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, and it can be determined that the origin of the C-F bond is This can be confirmed by checking the absorption of Similarly, it can be confirmed by ^19F -NMR measurement.
If the binder is identified as other than PVDF, the binder content (unit: mass %) and carbon content (unit: mass %) corresponding to the molecular weight can be determined to determine the origin of the binder. The carbon amount M4 can be calculated.
When a dispersant is included, the conductive carbon content (unit: mass %) can be obtained by subtracting M4 from M3 and further subtracting the amount of carbon derived from the dispersant.
These techniques are described in the following several known documents.
Toray Research Center The TRC News No. 117 (Sep. 2013) pp. 34-37, [Retrieved February 10, 2021], Internet <https://www. toray-research. co. jp/technical-info/trcnews/pdf/TRC117(34-37). pdf>
Tosoh Analysis Center Technical Report No. T1019 2017.09.20, [Searched on February 10, 2021], Internet <http://www. tosoh-arc. co. jp/techrepo/files/tarc00522/T1719N. pdf>

≪Analysis method of conductive carbon≫
The conductive carbon that constitutes the active material coating portion of the positive electrode active material and the conductive carbon that is a conductive aid can be distinguished by the following analysis method.
For example, when particles in a positive electrode active material layer are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), particles in which a carbon-derived peak around 290 eV exists only near the particle surface are positive electrode active materials, Particles in which carbon-derived peaks exist even inside the particles can be determined to be conductive aids. Here, "near the particle surface" means a region up to a depth of approximately 100 nm from the particle surface, and "inside the particle" means a region inside the vicinity of the particle surface.
Another method is to perform mapping analysis of particles in the positive electrode active material layer by Raman spectroscopy, and particles in which the peaks of carbon-derived G-band and D-band and oxide crystals derived from the positive electrode active material are simultaneously observed are Particles that are positive electrode active materials and in which only G-band and D-band were observed can be determined to be conductive additives.
Another method is to observe the cross section of the positive electrode active material layer using a scanning spread resistance microscope (SSRM), and if there is a part on the particle surface with a lower resistance than the inside of the particle, the part with low resistance is determined. It can be determined that this is conductive carbon present in the active material coating portion. A portion that exists independently other than such particles and has a low resistance can be determined to be a conductive aid.
Note that trace amounts of carbon that can be considered as impurities and trace amounts of carbon that are unintentionally peeled off from the surface of the positive electrode active material during manufacturing are not determined to be conductive additives.
Using these methods, it can be confirmed whether or not a conductive additive made of a carbon material is included in the positive electrode active material layer.

[Porosity of positive electrode active material layer]
In this embodiment, the positive electrode active material layer 12 is a porous layer, and its porosity (also referred to as porosity, porosity, or porosity) is preferably 40% or more, and more preferably 45% or more. Preferably, 50% or more is more preferable. When it is at least the lower limit of the above range, the energy density of the battery improves.

Here, the porosity means "the percentage occupied by the volume of voids per unit volume of the formed positive electrode active material layer." This porosity is calculated by porosity=bulk specific gravity/true specific gravity×100(%). The bulk specific gravity is the mass per unit volume of the positive electrode active material layer divided by the mass of the positive electrode active material particles per unit volume (theoretical value), and the true specific gravity is the specific gravity of the positive electrode active material particles (theoretical value). means.
The porosity can be measured by a known gas adsorption test or mercury intrusion test.

[Separator]
The separator 20 is disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3, which will be described later, to prevent short circuits and the like. The separator 20 may hold a non-aqueous electrolyte, which will be described later.
The separator 20 is not particularly limited, and examples include porous polymer membranes, nonwoven fabrics, glass fibers, and the like.

The separator 20 may contain various plasticizers, antioxidants, and flame retardants.
As antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants such as hindered phenolic antioxidants, monophenolic antioxidants, bisphenol antioxidants, and polyphenol antioxidants; hindered amine antioxidants; phosphorus antioxidants Sulfur-based antioxidants; benzotriazole-based antioxidants; benzophenone-based antioxidants; triazine-based antioxidants; salicylic acid ester-based antioxidants, and the like. Phenol-based antioxidants and phosphorus-based antioxidants are preferred.

[Adhesive layer]
The adhesive layer 21 is interposed between the positive electrode body 10 and the separator 20 and adheres the positive electrode body 10 to one surface 20a of the separator 20. Note that there may be a portion where the positive electrode main body 10 and the separator 20 are in direct contact. The adhesive layer 21 only needs to have the function of adhering the positive electrode body 10 to one surface 20a of the separator 20, and the adhesive layer 21 is formed so as to exist in the gap of the positive electrode body 10 or the gap of the separator 20. may have been done.

The adhesive constituting the adhesive layer 21 is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), Lithium polyacrylate (PAALi), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide (PI) , polyurethane (PU), and derivatives thereof.

<Manufacturing method of positive electrode>
The method for manufacturing the positive electrode 1 of the present embodiment includes a composition preparation step of preparing a positive electrode manufacturing composition containing a positive electrode active material, and a coating step of coating the positive electrode manufacturing composition onto the positive electrode current collector 11. has.
For example, the positive electrode main body 10 can be manufactured by a method in which a positive electrode manufacturing composition containing a positive electrode active material and a solvent is applied onto the positive electrode current collector 11, dried, and the solvent is removed to form the positive electrode active material layer 12. . The composition for producing a positive electrode may include a conductive additive. The composition for producing a positive electrode may include a binder. The composition for producing a positive electrode may also contain a dispersant.
The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer 12 can be adjusted by sandwiching a laminate in which the positive electrode active material layer 12 is formed on the positive electrode current collector 11 between two flat jigs and applying pressure uniformly in the thickness direction. . For example, a method of applying pressure using a roll press machine can be used.

The solvent for the composition for producing a positive electrode is preferably a non-aqueous solvent. Examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol; linear or cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylformamide; and ketones such as acetone. One type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

<Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 100 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes a positive electrode 1 for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of this embodiment, a separator 2, a negative electrode 3, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. In the figure, numeral 5 is an exterior body.
In this embodiment, the positive electrode 1 includes a plate-shaped positive electrode current collector 11 and positive electrode active material layers 12 provided on both surfaces thereof. The positive electrode active material layer 12 exists on a part of the surface of the positive electrode current collector 11 .
The edge of the surface of the positive electrode current collector 11 is a positive electrode current collector exposed portion 13 where the positive electrode active material layer 12 does not exist. A terminal tab (not shown) is electrically connected to an arbitrary location on the positive electrode current collector exposed portion 13 .
The negative electrode 3 includes a plate-shaped negative electrode current collector 31 and negative electrode active material layers 32 provided on both surfaces thereof. The negative electrode active material layer 32 exists on a part of the surface of the negative electrode current collector 31 . The edge of the surface of the negative electrode current collector 31 is a negative electrode current collector exposed portion 33 where the negative electrode active material layer 32 does not exist. A terminal tab (not shown) is electrically connected to an arbitrary location on the negative electrode current collector exposed portion 33 .
The shapes of the positive electrode 1, negative electrode 3, and separator 2 are not particularly limited. For example, it may be rectangular in plan view.
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 100 of this embodiment is manufactured by, for example, producing an electrode laminate in which positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 3 are alternately laminated with separators 2 in between, and wrapping the electrode laminate in an exterior body (such as an aluminum laminate bag). It can be manufactured by enclosing it in a casing (5), injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown), and sealing it.
Although FIG. 2 typically shows a structure in which negative electrode/separator/positive electrode/separator/negative electrode are laminated in this order, the number of electrodes can be changed as appropriate. One or more positive electrodes 1 may be used, and any number of positive electrodes 1 may be used depending on the desired battery capacity. The number of negative electrodes 3 and separators 2 is one more than the number of positive electrodes 1, and the negative electrodes 3 and separators 2 are stacked so that the outermost layer is the negative electrode 3.

[Negative electrode]
The negative electrode active material layer 32 contains a negative electrode active material. It may further contain a binding material. Furthermore, a conductive aid may be included. The shape of the negative electrode active material is preferably particulate.
For example, the negative electrode 3 is prepared by preparing a negative electrode manufacturing composition containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, coating this on the negative electrode current collector 31, drying it, and removing the solvent to form the negative electrode active material. It can be manufactured by a method of forming layer 32. The composition for producing a negative electrode may also contain a conductive additive.

Examples of the negative electrode active material and conductive aid include carbon materials, lithium titanate (LTO), silicon, and silicon monoxide. Examples of the carbon material include graphite, graphene, hard carbon, Ketjen black, acetylene black, carbon nanotube (CNT), and the like. The negative electrode active material and the conductive aid may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the material of the negative electrode current collector 31 include those similar to the materials of the positive electrode current collector 11 described above.
As the binder in the negative electrode manufacturing composition, polyacrylic acid (PAA), polylithium acrylate (PAALi), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer (PVDF-HFP) ), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide (PI), and the like. The binder may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Examples of the solvent in the composition for producing a negative electrode include water and organic solvents. Examples of organic solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol; linear or cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF); and ketones such as acetone. I can give an example. The solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

With respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material layer 32, the total content of the negative electrode active material and the conductive additive is preferably 80.0 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 85.0 to 98.0% by mass.

[Method of joining separator and electrode]
By applying pressure to an electrode laminate in which positive electrodes 1 and negative electrodes 3 are alternately laminated with separators 2 in between, the adhesive on the separators and the positive and negative electrodes are bonded. The pressurizing pressure is preferably 2 kgf/cm ² or more, more preferably 5 kgf/cm ² or more. Below the lower limit, the adhesive force with the active material will be insufficient. When a certain pressure or more is applied, the adhesive force with the active material asymptotically approaches a certain value.

[Nonaqueous electrolyte]
The non-aqueous electrolyte fills the space between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3. For example, known nonaqueous electrolytes can be used in lithium ion secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and the like.
As the non-aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in an organic solvent is preferred.

The organic solvent preferably has resistance to high voltage. For example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, Examples include polar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, and methyl acetate, and mixtures of two or more of these polar solvents.

The electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, LiClO ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiCF ₆ , LiCF ₃ CO ₂ , LiPF ₆ SO ₃ , LiN(SO ₂ F) ₂ , LiN(SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ , Li(SO ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ , LiN(COCF ₃ ) ₂ , LiN(COCF ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ and other salts containing lithium, or a mixture of two or more of these salts.

The nonaqueous electrolyte may be a polymer electrolyte containing an electrolyte and a polymer.
Examples of the polymer include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polylithium acrylate (PAALi), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). ), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide (PI), polyurethane (PU), etc., and their derivatives. Can be mentioned.

The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of this embodiment can be used as a lithium ion secondary battery for various uses such as industrial use, consumer use, automobile use, and residential use.
The usage form of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, it can be used in a battery module configured by connecting a plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries in series or in parallel, a battery system including a plurality of electrically connected battery modules and a battery control system, and the like.
Examples of battery systems include battery packs, stationary storage battery systems, automotive power storage battery systems, automotive auxiliary storage battery systems, emergency power storage battery systems, and the like.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below using Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

<Measurement method>
[Measurement method of arithmetic mean height (Sa)]
The arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface was measured using the method described above.

[Measurement method of arithmetic mean roughness (Ra)]
The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface was measured using the method described above.

[Method for measuring porosity of positive electrode active material layer]
The porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was measured using the method described above.

<Evaluation method>
[Cycle capacity maintenance rate]
Evaluation of cycle capacity retention rate was performed according to the following procedures (1) to (7).
(1) A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (cell) was prepared so that the rated capacity was 1 Ah, and cycle evaluation was performed at room temperature (25° C.).
(2) After charging the obtained cell with a constant current at a 1C rate (i.e., 1000 mA) to a final voltage of 3.2 V, 1/10 of the charging current is changed to a final voltage of 3.2 V at a constant voltage. That is, charging was performed at 100 mA).
(3) Discharging to confirm capacity was performed at a constant current at a rate of 1C with a final voltage of 2.5V. The discharge capacity at this time was defined as a reference capacity, and the reference capacity was defined as a current value at a 1C rate (ie, 1000 mA).
(4) After charging the cell at a constant current of 1C rate (i.e. 1000mA) to a final voltage of 3.6V, pause for 10 seconds, and from this state discharge at a 1C rate with a final voltage of 2.5V. , paused for 10 seconds.
(5) The cycle test in (4) was repeated 2,000 times.
(6) After carrying out the same charging as in (2), the same capacity confirmation as in (3) was carried out.
(7) By dividing the discharge capacity measured in (6) by the reference capacity before the cycle test and making it a percentage, the cycle capacity retention rate after 2,000 cycles (2,000 cycle capacity maintenance rate, unit: %).
If the remaining capacity at the time of 2000 cycles was 80% or more of the initial capacity, it was judged as a pass, and the conditions where 18 or more out of 20 cells passed were judged as ○, and the conditions that were not met were judged as ×.

<Manufacture example 1: Manufacture of negative electrode>
100 parts by mass of artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material, 1.5 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene rubber as a binder, 1.5 parts by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose Na as a thickener, and water as a solvent, A composition for producing a negative electrode with a solid content of 50% by mass was obtained.
The obtained composition for producing a negative electrode was applied on both sides of a copper foil (thickness: 8 μm), vacuum dried at 100° C., and then pressed under a load of 2 kN to obtain a negative electrode sheet. The obtained negative electrode sheet was punched out to form a negative electrode.

<Production Example 2: Production of a current collector having a current collector coating layer>
A slurry was obtained by mixing 100 parts by mass of carbon black, 40 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. The amount of NMP used was the amount necessary to coat the slurry.
The obtained slurry was coated on both the front and back sides of a 15 μm thick aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector body) using a gravure method so that the thickness of the dried current collector coating layer (total of both sides) was 2 μm. Then, it was dried and the solvent was removed to obtain a positive electrode current collector. The current collector coating layers on both sides were formed so that the coating amount and thickness were equal to each other.

<Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2>
As the positive electrode active material particles, lithium iron phosphate particles (hereinafter also referred to as "carbon coated active material") having the following three types of active material coating parts were used.
Carbon coated active material (1.0): average secondary particle diameter 1.0 μm, carbon content 1.5% by mass.
Carbon coated active material (1.2): average secondary particle diameter 1.2 μm, carbon content 1.5% by mass.
Carbon coated active material (10): average secondary particle diameter 10 μm, carbon content 2.5% by mass.
For each of carbon coated active materials (1.0), (1.2), and (10), the thickness of the active material coating was within the range of 1 to 30 nm. In addition, the primary particle diameter in each case was in the range of about 100 to 500 nm.
Carbon black (CB) or carbon nanotube (CNT) was used as a conductive aid. CB and CNT have impurities below the quantitative limit and can be considered to have a carbon content of 100% by mass.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as a binder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a dispersant.
N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent.
As the positive electrode current collector, the aluminum foil having the current collector coating layer obtained in Production Example 2 or the aluminum foil (thickness: 15 μm) without the current collector coating layer was used.

A positive electrode active material layer was formed by the following method.
A composition for producing a positive electrode is prepared by mixing a solvent (NMP) with a mixer to obtain a solid content concentration suitable for coating with the positive electrode active material particles, conductive aid, binder, and dispersant having the composition shown in Table 2. I got it. The amount of solvent used was the amount necessary for coating the composition for producing a positive electrode. In addition, the blended amounts of positive electrode active material particles, conductive aid, binder, and dispersant in the table are the total amount other than the solvent (i.e., the total amount of positive electrode active material particles, conductive aid, binder, and dispersant). ) is taken as 100% by mass.
The obtained composition for producing a positive electrode was applied onto both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector, and after preliminary drying, vacuum drying was performed in a 120° C. environment to form a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layers on both sides were formed so that the coating amount and thickness were equal to each other. The obtained laminate was pressed under pressure to obtain a positive electrode sheet.
The obtained positive electrode sheet was punched out to form a positive electrode.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured by the following method.
LiPF ₆ was dissolved as an electrolyte at 1 mol/liter in a solvent containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) mixed at a volume ratio of EC:DEC of 3:7. An aqueous electrolyte was prepared.
The positive electrode obtained in this example and the negative electrode obtained in Production Example 1 were alternately laminated with separators interposed therebetween to produce an electrode laminate in which the outermost layer was the negative electrode. A polyolefin film (thickness: 15 μm) was used as a separator.
In the step of producing the electrode laminate, first, the separator 2 and the positive electrode 1 were laminated, and then the negative electrode 3 was laminated on the separator 2.
Terminal tabs are electrically connected to each of the positive electrode current collector exposed portion 13 and the negative electrode current collector exposed portion 33 of the electrode laminate, and the electrodes are laminated with an aluminum laminate film so that the terminal tabs protrude to the outside. The body was sandwiched and the three sides were laminated and sealed.
Subsequently, a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected from one side left unsealed, and vacuum-sealed to produce a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (laminate cell).
Energy density and cycle characteristics were evaluated by a quick charging test using the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.

As shown in the results in Table 1, the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface is 0.02 μm to 0.08 μm, and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer is 41% or more. Examples 1 to 3 had excellent cycle characteristics.
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 in which the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was 35% had poor cycle characteristics. In Comparative Example 1, the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface is suppressed to a low level and has high adhesion, but since it contains a conductive additive, the desired arithmetic mean height (Sa) cannot be adjusted. Therefore, it is presumed that the compression ratio is high and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer is low, resulting in poor cycle characteristics.
Furthermore, Comparative Example 2 in which the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface was 0.18 μm had poor cycle characteristics. In Comparative Example 2, although the content of the conductive additive was low and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer after pressing was high, the arithmetic mean height (Sa) was not made low enough, resulting in poor adhesion and poor cycle characteristics. It is estimated that the condition has deteriorated.

1 Positive electrode (positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)
3 Negative electrode 5 Exterior body 10 Positive electrode main body 11 Current collector (positive electrode current collector)
12 Positive electrode active material layer 13 Positive electrode current collector exposed portion 14 Positive electrode current collector main body 15 Current collector coating layer 20 Separator 21 Adhesive layer 100 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Claims (6)

comprising a separator and a positive electrode body laminated on one surface of the separator via an adhesive layer,
The positive electrode main body includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing positive electrode active material particles present on the current collector,
the arithmetic mean height (Sa) of the positive electrode active material layer on the separator side surface is 0.010 μm or more and less than 0.100 μm;
A positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein the positive electrode active material layer has a porosity of 40% or more. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material layer contains a conductive additive, and the content of the conductive additive is 1% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material layer. For positive electrode. The positive electrode active material particles are represented by the general formula LiFe _x M _(1-x) PO ₄ (wherein 0≦x≦1, M is Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Ti, or Zr). The positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a compound. The nonaqueous electrolyte diode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a current collector coating layer containing a conductive material is present on at least a part of the surface of the current collector on the positive electrode active material layer side. Positive electrode for secondary batteries. A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4 Electrolyte secondary battery. A battery module or a battery system comprising a plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to claim 5.

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