JP2023114471A - Wooden steel composite member and wooden steel composite member manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

To obtain a wooden steel composite member having high load bearing capacity, which allows a steel member and a wooden member to adequately bear a force in axial direction from an initial period and effectively uses a load bearing capacity of the wooden member.SOLUTION: A wooden steel composite member comprises: a steel member 2 that supports a force in an axial direction; a wooden member 1 that is assembled along the axial direction of the steel member and supports the force in the axial direction along with the steel member; and a member end plate 3 that is fitted to both ends of the steel member 2 and the wooden member 1 so as to be capable of transmitting the force in the axial direction to both the steel member and wooden member. The member end plate 3 is pressure-welded to an end face of the wooden member 1, and compression force is introduced into the wooden member 1 in the axial direction. The steel member 2 is joined to the member end plate by welding or bolts and tensile force is introduced. The wooden steel composite member can be manufactured by pressing the member end plate 3 against the end face of the wooden member 1 and joining the steel member 2 to the member end plate 3 in a state in which the compression force is applied to the wooden member.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a structural member used in buildings, etc., and relates to a wood-steel composite member in which a wooden member and a steel member are combined to support a load mainly in the axial direction. be.

Attempts have been made to make medium- and large-scale buildings, or middle-rise and high-rise buildings of wooden construction, in order to effectively utilize forest resources. However, in middle-rise and high-rise buildings, a large axial force acts on columns and the like, and if an attempt is made to support the large axial force with wooden members, the cross section tends to become excessively large. For this reason, Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example, propose combining wooden members with steel members and using them as composite members.

Patent Literature 1 proposes a composite column in which a rectangular steel pipe is surrounded by a wooden material. In this composite column, a wooden material is divided into a plurality of pieces according to the shape of the steel pipe and processed, and these wooden materials are adhesively joined so as to surround the steel pipe. Further, it is described that a butt plate made of steel is provided at the end of the steel pipe.
Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a composite column in which a steel support member is arranged around a core material made of a rectangular wooden material. In this composite column, a wooden core material and a steel support member are integrally combined, and a joint made of steel is abutted on the end face.

JP 2017-89329 A JP 2020-122323 A

However, the composite column proposed in Patent Document 1 combines and adheres divided wooden materials between end plates provided at both ends. A gap is likely to occur between the end face. When such a gap is generated, the force in the axial direction is not borne by the wooden material at the initial stage of acting on the composite column, and acts only on the steel pipe. Then, when a large axial force acts thereafter, the axial force borne by the wooden material becomes smaller. Therefore, the wooden material does not function effectively as a structural member.
Also, in the composite column described in Patent Document 2, when a wooden core material and a steel support member are combined, the load on the steel support member increases if the wood material is not processed accurately. .

Furthermore, when trying to bear the axial force by combining a steel member and a wooden member, there is a large difference in the modulus of elasticity between the steel and the wooden member, and the axial force will be A large degree of compressive stress occurs in the steel member, which is borne by the directional stiffness ratio. For this reason, the load-bearing capacity of the wooden material may not be effectively used against the compressive force in the axial direction.

The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wood-steel composite member in which an axial force is appropriately applied to the steel member and the wooden member. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a wood-steel composite member in which an axial force is appropriately applied to the steel member and the wooden member.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 includes: a steel member supporting an axial force; and a steel member combined along the axial direction of the steel member to support the axial force together with the steel member. a wooden member; and end members attached to both ends of the steel member and the wooden member so as to be capable of transmitting axial force to both the steel member and the wooden member. and the end member is pressed against the end face of the wooden member, a compressive force is introduced in the axial direction of the wooden member, and the steel member is welded or bolted to the end member. , to provide a wood-steel composite member in which a tensile force is introduced.

In this wood-steel composite member, since the wooden member is pressed against the end member, the external force in the axial direction is appropriately applied to the wooden member and the steel member from the beginning of the action, and the axial force is concentrated on the steel member. Force loading is avoided. In addition, by introducing compressive force into the wooden members and tensile force into the steel members in advance, it is possible to effectively utilize the load-bearing capacity of the wooden members to create wood-steel composite members with high load-bearing capacity. Become.

The invention according to claim 2 is the wood-steel composite member according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member has a single solid cross section, and the steel member has a plurality of are distributed and combined.

In this wood-steel composite member, it is possible to use sawn lumber, laminated lumber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), etc., which have been processed in advance as a wooden member, and when combining with the steel member, it is possible to bond the wooden member together. etc. becomes unnecessary. Therefore, it can be efficiently combined with a steel member. In addition, the steel members are dispersed in a plurality of parts at the outer peripheral portion of the wooden member, so that each member is light in weight and workability is improved.

The invention according to claim 3 is the wood-steel composite member according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member surrounds the steel member.

In this wood-steel composite member, the steel members can be concentrated in the center of the composite member, and the compressive force introduced into the wooden member and the tensile force of the steel member are balanced, and the cross-section of the wooden member is evenly distributed. It becomes easier to introduce compressive forces in close proximity.

The invention according to claim 4 is the wood-steel composite member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: between the wooden member and the end member, A cured pressure equalizing layer shall be interposed between the

In this wood and steel composite member, the force is reliably transmitted from the end member from the initial stage when the compressive force is introduced to the wooden member, and the predetermined compressive force is accurately introduced in a nearly uniform state to the end surface of the wooden member. becomes possible.
For the pressure equalizing layer, a material that can be applied to the end surface of the wooden member in a flexible state and hardened later can be used. For example, synthetic resin adhesive, cement paste, mortar, gypsum, resin mortar, and the like can be used.

The invention according to claim 5 comprises a step of combining a wooden member and a steel member with their axes substantially parallel to each other; introducing an axial compressive force to the member; and axially moving the end member and the steel member from the end member to the steel member while the wooden member is under the compressive force. and joining to enable force transmission.

In this method, a wooden member and a steel member are combined, and the end members are joined in a state in which compressive force is introduced to the wooden member and tensile force is introduced to the steel member, and the wooden member and the steel member are joined from the end member. It is possible to make a composite member in which the force in the axial direction is appropriately transmitted to both of the .

The invention according to claim 6 is the method for manufacturing a wood-steel composite member according to claim 5, wherein the step of introducing a compressive force in the axial direction to the wooden member is applied to the wooden member through the end member. A force is applied to pull the steel member, and the step of joining the end member and the steel member includes joining the end member to the end member while a tensile force is applied to the steel member. and

In this method, it is possible to introduce a compressive force to the wood member with simple equipment and join the steel member to the end member in this state.

The invention according to claim 7 is the method for manufacturing a wood-steel composite member according to claim 6, wherein the step of pulling the steel member includes inserting a bolt penetrating through the steel plate of the end member and attaching a nut to the steel member. Alternatively, the bolt is screwed into a screw hole provided in the steel member, and the force of screwing the bolt draws the steel member in the axial direction.

In this method, a tensile force is introduced into the steel member by the force generated in the axial direction of the bolt when the bolt is screwed in, and a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member, and the end member and the steel member are joined by the bolt. It is possible to work efficiently.

In the invention according to claim 8, a wooden member and a steel member are combined so that their axes are substantially parallel, and the end members are arranged so as to face both end surfaces of the wooden member, and the end members are connected to the steel member. A wood and steel composite comprising the steps of: joining with a member; and inserting a wedge between the end face of the wooden member and the end member to introduce compressive force to the wooden member and tensile force to the steel member. A method for manufacturing a member is provided.

In this method, after joining the end member and the steel member, a compressive force can be introduced into the wood member and a tensile force can be introduced into the steel member. Therefore, when a steel member and a wooden member are combined and a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member, even under conditions where welding or bolting for joining the steel member and the end member is difficult, the compressive force is introduced into the wooden member in advance. Then, it becomes possible to make a composite member in which a tensile force is introduced into the steel member.

The invention according to claim 9 comprises a step of arranging end members so as to abut against both end surfaces of a wooden member; A method for manufacturing a wood-steel composite member, comprising the steps of: joining to an end member; and lowering the temperature of the steel member to press the end member against the end surface of the wooden member by contraction of the steel member. It is something to do.

In this method, a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member by lowering the temperature of the heated steel member, and a tensile force corresponding to the compressive force is introduced into the steel member. Therefore, even under conditions where it is difficult to introduce a compressive force into the wooden member by applying force, it is possible to create a composite member in which a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member in advance and a tensile force is introduced into the steel member. Become.

As described above, in the wood-steel composite member of the present invention, an appropriate load is applied to the steel member and the wooden member from the beginning of the action of the force in the axial direction, and the load-bearing capacity of the wooden member is effectively utilized. can be a large wood and steel composite member. Further, in the method for manufacturing a wood-steel composite member of the present invention, a wood-steel composite member having a large load-bearing capacity can be obtained by effectively utilizing the load-bearing capacity of the wooden member.

1 is a side view, an enlarged plan view, and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite member according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view showing the structure of the end portion of the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 1; It is an assembly drawing of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the load-bearing capacity in the axial direction of a wood-steel composite column in which compressive force is introduced into wooden members and tensile force is introduced into steel members; FIG. 4A is a side view, an enlarged plan view, and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite column according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view showing the structure of the end portion of the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 5; FIG. 6 is an assembly drawing of the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 5 ; FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a method of joining a steel member to an end member in a state in which a compressive force is introduced to the wood member of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 5 ; FIG. 4 is a side view showing the structure of the end portion of the wood and steel composite column according to the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of another cross-sectional configuration that can be employed in the wood and steel composite column of the present invention; FIG. 5A is a side view and a cross-sectional view of an end portion of a wood-steel composite column according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a side view and cross-sectional view of an end portion showing a state in which a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 11 and a tensile force is introduced into the steel member. FIG. 10 is a side view, an enlarged plan view, and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite column according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 14 is an assembly drawing of the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 13; FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a method of joining the steel member to the end member in a state in which a compressive force is applied to the wooden member of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 13 ; FIG. 10 is a plan view and an end side view of a wood and steel composite column according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a side view and a cross-sectional view of an end portion of a wood-steel composite column according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view, an enlarged plan view, and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite member used as a column according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view showing the end of this wood-steel composite column, (a) shows a state in which the joining of the wooden member, the steel member, and the end plate, which is the end member, has been completed; b) The figure shows the state where the end plate is joined to the steel member. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing how to join the wooden members, steel members and end plates of the same wood-steel composite column.
This wood-steel composite column comprises a solid wooden member 1 having a substantially square cross section, a plurality of steel members 2 fitted in axial grooves 11 formed in the side surface of the wooden member 1, the wooden member 1 and The main part is composed of end plates 3 joined to both ends of the steel member 2 and capable of transmitting axial force to both the wooden member 1 and the steel member 2 .

The wooden member 1 is made of laminated lumber obtained by pasting together a plurality of wooden pieces of small cross section, and can bear the force in the axial direction as a part of the structure. Alternatively, lumber cut from raw wood may be used.
Axial grooves 11 are formed over the entire length of each of the four side surfaces of the wooden member 1 at substantially the center thereof. This groove 11 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the steel member 2, and is formed so that the steel member 2 can be tightly fitted.

Structural steel can be used for the steel member 2, which is cut out from a steel plate into strips. The steel member 2 is arranged such that the narrow peripheral surface, that is, the surface in the thickness direction of the steel plate is parallel to the side surface of the wooden member 1, and the wide surface is in the depth direction of the groove 11 formed in the wooden member 1. In addition, they are fitted in four grooves formed in the wooden member 1 respectively. The narrow surface of the steel member 2 is substantially flush with the side surface of the wooden member 1. - 特許庁
A bolt hole 21 is provided in the end surface of the steel member 2 in the axial direction, and a female thread is cut on the inner peripheral surface.

The end plate 3 includes a first steel plate 31 that abuts on the end face of the wooden member 1, a second steel plate 32 that is spaced apart from the first steel plate 31 and arranged in parallel, and the first steel plate. 31 and a connecting member 33 for connecting the second steel plate 32 integrally.
The first steel plate 31 is made of a rectangular plate material that substantially corresponds to the cross-sectional dimensions of the wooden member 1, and as shown in FIG. is formed with a through hole 34 through which a bolt is inserted. A bolt 35 inserted through the through hole 34 is screwed into a bolt hole 21 formed in the end surface of the steel member 2 and tightened as shown in FIG. .

The second steel plate 32 has a rectangular shape larger than that of the first steel plate 31, and is provided with a plurality of through holes 36 for inserting bolts for joining with other structural members.
The connecting member 33 is a tubular member made of steel and having a rectangular cross section, and connects the first steel plate 31 and the second steel plate 32 in parallel. The joining with the first steel plate 31 and the joining with the second steel plate 32 are by welding.

The wooden member 1, the steel member 2 and the end plate 3 can be assembled as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3(a), the steel members 2 are fitted into the grooves 11 formed on each of the four side surfaces. At this time, the steel member 2 is shorter than the wooden member 1, and the end surface of the steel member 2 is retreated from the end surface of the wooden member 1 by a predetermined length. Then, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the end plate 3 is brought into contact with the end face of the wooden member 1. Then, as shown in FIG. At this time, a gap 37 having a predetermined size is formed between the end face of the steel member 2 and the material end plate 3, as shown in FIG. 2(b). Then, the bolts 35 inserted through the through holes 34 of the first steel plate of the end plate 3 are screwed into the bolt holes 21 formed in the end face of the steel member 2, and the steel member 2 is drawn toward the end plate 3, and as shown in FIG. As shown in (a), the end face of the steel member 2 is tightened until it abuts against the material end plate 3 . As a result, a tensile force is introduced into the steel member 2 and a compressive force is introduced into the wood member 1 from the end plate 3 .
A resin or the like that hardens later can be applied between the end surface of the wooden member 1 and the first steel plate 31 so that a gap is not formed due to unevenness of the end surface of the wooden member.

By joining in this way, when an axial force acts on the wood-steel composite column, the axial force is applied to both the steel member 2 and the wooden member 1 from the initial state, and the composite member is properly formed. It will support the load. That is, it is avoided that the load supported by the wooden member 1 is reduced in the initial state where the load acts, because only the steel member 2 bears the load.

As described above, in a wood-steel composite column in which a compressive force is introduced to the wooden member 1 and a tensile force is introduced to the steel member 2, the end plate 3 is joined, and a force in the axial direction acts. An axial force is appropriately applied to both the steel member 2 and the wooden member 1 from the initial state, and a large load is supported by effectively utilizing the load-bearing capacity of the wooden member 1 as described below. It can be a wood and steel composite column.
In a wood-steel composite column in which the end plates 3 are joined in a state where no axial force is applied to both the wooden member 1 and the steel member 2, as shown in FIG. , an axial force is applied to both members from the initial stage of load application. Since the strain amounts of the wooden member 1 and the steel member 2 are maintained to be the same by the end plate 3, the axial force applied to each of the wooden member 1 and the steel member 2 is distributed by the stiffness ratio of That is, when the load acting in the axial direction increases, the load is borne by the ratio between the axial stiffness EwAw of the wooden member and the axial stiffness EsAs of the steel member. Here, Ew is the modulus of elasticity of the wooden member, Aw is the cross-sectional area of the wooden member, Es is the modulus of elasticity of the steel member, and As is the cross-sectional area of the steel member.
Then, the load in the axial direction increases, and the load can be supported until the compressive stress of either the wooden member 1 or the steel member 2 reaches the allowable stress. As shown in FIG. 4(a), the strain .epsilon.wa1 when the wooden member reaches the allowable stress is generally larger than the strain .epsilon.sa1 when the steel member reaches the allowable stress. Therefore, when the compressive stress of the steel member reaches the allowable stress, the steel member bears the axial force of Psa, the compressive stress of the wooden member does not reach the allowable stress, and the wooden member is Pw1. Bear the axial force. The axial force Pw1 borne by the wooden member becomes smaller than the axial force Pwa borne when the wooden member reaches the allowable stress level.

On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 4(b), when the end plates are joined with the compressive force Pso introduced into the wooden member and the tensile force Pso introduced into the steel member, the compressive force of the wooden member and the tensile force of the steel member Pwo = Pso when the forces are balanced as internal forces. Then, when a force in the axial direction acts as an external force, the axial force to be borne by each increases according to the ratio between the axial rigidity EwAw of the wooden member and the axial rigidity EsAs of the steel member. When the compressive stress of the steel member reaches the allowable stress, the steel member bears the axial force of Psa, and the wooden member bears the axial force of Pw2. The axial force Pw2 borne by this wooden member becomes larger than the axial force Pw1 when a load is applied from the no-stress state shown in FIG. 4(a). Therefore, the wood and steel composite column can support the axial force of Psa + Pw2. , can be wood and steel composite columns with large load-bearing capacity.

In a wood-steel composite column in which a plurality of steel members 2 are assembled around a wooden member 1 as described above, the steel member 2 is parallel to the side surface of the wooden member 1 as shown in FIG. Buckling in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. restrained by the constraint of The buckling of the wooden member 1 in the direction away from the wooden member 1 (the direction of arrow D in FIG. 1(d)) increases the bending rigidity of the steel member 2 in the direction away from the wooden member 1. , is set to be greater than the bending rigidity in the direction along the side surface of the wooden member 1, the occurrence of this becomes less likely. That is, even if the cross-sectional area is the same, the slenderness ratio with respect to the buckling of the steel member 2 in the direction away from the wooden member 1 becomes small. Further, it is possible to increase the bending rigidity of the steel member 2 in the direction away from the wooden member 1 by increasing the depth of the groove 11, thereby reducing the slenderness ratio. In particular, by setting the slenderness ratio for buckling of the steel member 2 in the direction away from the wooden member 1 to be smaller than the limit slenderness ratio, the degree of compressive stress generated in the wood-steel composite column is suppressed within the elastic range. In this state, buckling of the steel member 2 does not occur.

In addition, it is possible to prevent the steel member 2 from buckling away from the wooden member 1 by means for fastening the steel member 2 to the wooden member 1 . The following can be adopted as fastening means.
(1) A screw or lag screw that is inserted through a through hole provided in the steel member 2 and screwed into the wooden member 1 to fasten.
(2) A drift pin or bolt is inserted into a pin hole provided from the side of the portion of the wooden member 1 in which the steel member 2 is fitted, and is inserted through a through hole provided in the steel member 2, whereby the steel member is 2 is fastened to the wooden member 1.
(3) Fastened by a steel belt attached so as to surround the wooden member 1 .
(4) The steel member 2 is fastened by steel plates fixed so as to span both sides of the portion of the wooden member 1 in which the steel member 2 is fitted.

FIG. 5 is a side view, an enlarged plan view, and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite column according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Also, FIG. 6 is a side view showing an enlarged end of this wood-steel composite column. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a procedure for joining wood members, steel members, and end plates, which are end members, of the same wood-steel composite column.
Similar to the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. and a material end plate 43 joined to both end portions of the wooden member 41 and the steel member 42 and capable of transmitting axial force to both the wooden member 41 and the steel member 42; The main part is composed of

The wooden member 41 used is the same as the wooden steel composite column shown in FIG. The steel member 42 is also similar to the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 1, and is fitted in a groove formed in the wooden member in a similar manner. However, in this wood-steel composite column, the steel member 42 is longer than the wooden member 41, and when combined with the wooden member 41, it protrudes from the end face of the wooden member 41 as shown in FIG. A material end plate 43 is joined to the projecting portion.

The material end plate 43 is arranged in parallel with a first steel plate 51 that abuts on the end face of the wooden member 41 and with a gap therebetween, in the same manner as the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. and a connecting member 53 for integrally connecting the first steel plate 51 and the second steel plate 52 .
In this wood-steel composite column, a rectangular notch 54 is provided at a position corresponding to the steel member 42 of the first steel plate 51 . Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the steel member 42 is inserted into the notch 54 and protrudes toward the second steel plate 52 beyond the position where the first steel plate 51 is provided. It is joined by welding.

The steel member 42 and the end plate 43 are joined together by placing the end plate 43 against the end face of the wooden member 41 with the steel member 42 fitted in the groove of the wooden member 41 as shown in FIG. abut. Then, the steel member 42 and the second steel plate 52 of the end plate 43 are joined by welding while the compressive force is applied to the wooden member 41 .
As a method for joining the steel member 42 and the end plate 43 while the wooden member 41 is under compression, the method shown in FIG. 8(a) or 8(b), for example, can be adopted.

In the method shown in FIG. 8( a ), two end plates 43 are brought into contact with both end surfaces of the wooden member 41 . At this time, the end plate 43 and the steel member 42 are not joined, and the compressive force introduced to the wooden member 41 causes a gap between the second steel plate 52 of the end plate 43 and the end surface of the steel member 42 . A gap corresponding to the amount of deformation is provided. Then, an external force is applied to the end plates 43 at both ends to press them against the end surfaces of the wooden member 41 . This introduces an axial compressive force to the wooden member 41 . The steel member 42 is joined to the second steel plate 52 of the end plate 43 by welding W1 while maintaining the state in which the compressive force acts on the wooden member 41 . After welding is completed, a tensile force is introduced into the steel member 42 by removing the external force, and the compressive force of the wooden member 41 is balanced.
In the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 5, the steel member 42 is welded to the second steel plate 52. If the wood member 41 is not damaged by the heat of welding, the first steel plate 51 also has a notch 54. can be welded to the steel member 42 at the periphery of the .

The above external force is generated by providing two reaction blocks as a fixed structure in a factory or the like that manufactures wood and steel composite columns, and applying reaction force to these reaction blocks to press the end plates 43 against both end surfaces of the wooden member 41. can be loaded with an external force. In addition, two reaction plates are installed at both ends of the wood and steel composite column so as to face the end plates 43, and these reaction plates are connected by tension members, and reaction force is applied to the reaction plates. It is also possible to press the end plate 43 against the wooden member 41.

Moreover, in the method shown in FIG. 8B, a reaction plate 55 is installed so as to face the second steel plate 52 of the material end plate 43, and the opening provided in the second steel plate 52 is penetrated. It connects with the elongated steel member 42 . A jack 56 is interposed between the reaction plate 55 and the end plate 43 to press the end plate 43 against the end surface of the wooden member 41 while applying a reaction force to the steel member 42 . As a result, compressive force is introduced into the wooden member 41 and tensile force is introduced into the steel member 42 . In this state, the second steel plate 52 of the material end plate 43 and the steel member 42 are joined by welding W2. After that, the portion of the steel member 42 protruding from the second steel plate 52 is cut. Instead of the jack 56 for pressing the end plate 43 against the wooden member 41, a bolt having a large diameter can be used to press the end plate 43 against the wooden member 41 by a screwing force.

When the end plates are pressed against the end faces of the wooden member by the method shown in FIGS. 43 may be pressed against both ends of the wooden member 41, or one end plate may be joined to the steel member in advance, and the other end plate may be pressed against the end face of the wooden member to introduce a compressive force to the wooden member. can be anything. Then, the steel member is joined to the other end plate while compressive force is applied to the wooden member.

In the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. 5, the steel member 42 is welded with the end face butted against the second steel plate 52, but the steel member can be joined to the end plate in another form. , for example, a joining form as shown in FIG.
The wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 9(a) is a third embodiment of the present invention. A member 62 is fitted. The end plate 63 has the same first steel plate 64, second steel plate 65 and connecting member 66 as the end plate used in the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. In addition, four connecting plates 67 are provided between the first steel plate 64 and the second steel plate 65 . These connecting plates 67 are provided at positions along the ends of the steel members 62 protruding through the notches of the first steel plate 64 and can be welded to the first steel plate 64 and the second steel plate 65. are spliced. The steel member 62 is superimposed on these connecting plates 67 and joined by high-strength bolts 68 inserted through through-holes provided at corresponding positions. Even in such a wood-steel composite column, the end plates 63 can be joined in a state in which compressive force is introduced to the wooden member 61 and tensile force is introduced to the steel member 62 by means similar to those of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. .

The wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. 9B is a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the wooden member 71 and the steel member 72 have the same cross-sectional shape as the wood and steel composite column shown in FIG. The end plate 73 also has a first steel plate 74 , a second steel plate 75 and a connecting member 76 . In this wood-steel composite column, a flange portion 72 a is provided at the end of a steel member 72 . A flange portion 72a of the steel member 72 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and internal threads are formed on the inner peripheral surfaces of these bolt holes. The second steel plate 75 of the material end plate 73 is provided with through holes at positions corresponding to the bolt holes of the flange portion 72a with which it abuts. It is joined by screwing into the hole and tightening.
The steel member 72 has a length such that the flange portion 72a faces the second steel plate 75 with a predetermined gap in a state in which the first steel plate 74 of the end plate 73 is in contact with the end surface of the wooden member 71. are adjusted, and the flange portion 72a of the steel member is brought into contact with the second steel plate 75 by tightening the bolt 77. As shown in FIG. By joining the flange portion 72 a to the second steel plate 75 in this manner, tensile force can be introduced to the steel member 72 and compressive force can be introduced to the wooden member 71 .
Instead of screwing the bolt into the bolt hole provided in the flange portion 72a, the bolt may be inserted through a through hole provided in the flange portion 72a and tightened by twisting a nut.

In the wood and steel composite columns shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 9, compressive force is applied to the wooden member and tensile force is introduced to the steel member by applying force using a bolt tightening force or a jack or the like. However, in these wood-steel composite columns, instead of or in combination with the means for applying force as described above, the elongation and contraction of the steel members due to heating are used to extend the wooden members. Compressive forces can also be introduced into steel members.
In this method, a steel member is heated, stretched, fitted to a wooden member, and joined to an end plate abutting the end face of the wooden member. Joining can be performed in the same manner as in the case of applying force. After the heated steel member is joined to the end plate, the temperature drops and shrinkage introduces compressive force into the wooden member and tensile force into the steel member.

In the wood-steel composite column described above, a plurality of steel members are combined dispersedly around a wooden member. The steel members are fitted in the vertical direction, but steel members with other cross-sectional shapes can also be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 10(a), when it is fitted in the groove of the wooden member 81, it has a flange portion 82a that continues in the axial direction along the surface of the wooden member and has a T-shaped cross section. can be adopted. Further, as shown in FIG. 10(b), the steel member 84 may have a rectangular cross section with long sides extending along the side surfaces of the wooden member 83. As shown in FIG. Furthermore, the wood-steel composite column of the present invention is not fitted in a groove formed in the wooden member as shown in FIG. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10(d), a steel member 88 having an L-shaped cross section may be assembled so as to cover the corners of the wooden member 87. FIG.

FIG. 11 is a side view and cross-sectional view showing an end portion of a wood-steel composite column according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
This wood-steel composite column has end plates 93 and steel members 92 having the same structure as the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. It's becoming Compressive force is applied to the wooden member 91 and tensile force is applied to the steel member 92 in this wood-steel composite column. 93, introduced by a wedge 94 wedged in between.

The wood and steel composite member can be assembled as follows.
The steel member 92 is joined to the end plate 93 before the tensile force is introduced, and the wooden member 91 is combined with the steel member 92 with a gap 98 between the end plate 93 and the wood member 91 as shown in FIG. The end faces of the wooden member 91 are inclined so as to gradually narrow the gap from a pair of opposing side faces toward the center of the cross section, and steel plates 95 are attached to the inclined faces. Then, avoiding the position of the steel member 92 from two directions, the two wedges 94 are respectively pushed toward the center. As a result, the gap between the wooden member 91 and the end plate 93 is widened, and tensile force is introduced to the steel member 92 and compressive force is introduced to the wooden member 91 . A through-hole 96 is provided in the pushed wedge 94 in the pushing direction, and a bolt 97 is inserted through the through-holes of both of the two wedges pushed in so as to face each other, and the wedge 94 is connected so as not to come off. be done.

FIG. 13 is a side view, an enlarged plan view and an enlarged cross-sectional view of a wood and steel composite column according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a wooden member, steel member and material of the same wood and steel composite column. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the point which joins the material end plate which is an end member.
In this wood-steel composite column, a steel member 102 is used as a core material, and wooden members 101 are combined so as to surround the periphery. The material end plate 103 is joined as shown in FIG.

The steel member 102 has a cross-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. 13(d), and is formed by welding steel plates together. As shown in FIG. 14( a ), the wooden member 101 is divided into two pieces that are pasted together to surround the steel member. It is processed. The wooden member 101 integrated so as to surround the steel member 102 has a substantially square cross-sectional shape, and has a shorter axial length than the steel member 102 . Therefore, the steel member 102 protrudes from the end face of the wooden member 101, and the end plate 103 is joined to this protruding portion.

The end plate 103 includes a first steel plate 111 that abuts on the end surface of the wooden member 101, a second steel plate 112 that is spaced apart from the first steel plate 111 and arranged in parallel, and the first steel plate. 111 and a connecting member 113 for integrally connecting the second steel plate 112 .
The first steel plate 111 is made of a rectangular steel plate material having a cross-sectional dimension substantially corresponding to that of the wooden member 101 , and a cross-shaped through hole 114 corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the steel member 102 is formed at a position corresponding to the steel member 102 . formed. The steel member 102 is inserted through the through-hole 114 and its tip is welded to the second steel plate 112 .
The connecting member 113 is made of a square steel pipe, is provided at each of the four corners of the first steel plate 111, and has both ends joined to the first steel plate 111 and the second steel plate 112 by welding, The first steel plate 111 and the second steel plate 112 are connected so as to be parallel.

When the end plate 103 is joined to the wooden member 101 and the steel member 102 of the wood-steel composite column, a compressive force is introduced into the wooden member 101 and a tensile force is introduced into the steel member 102. , the following method can be adopted.
As shown in FIG. 15(a), two end plates 103 are brought into contact with both end surfaces of the wooden member 101, and a reaction force is applied to a reaction block 104 fixedly provided in a manufacturing factory or the like to effect jacking. 105 or the like is used to press the end plate 103 against the end face of the wooden member 101 . This introduces an axial compressive force to the wooden member 101 . At this time, the end plate 103 and the steel member 102 are not joined, and the compressive force introduced to the wooden member 101 causes a gap between the second steel plate 112 of the end plate 103 and the end face of the steel member 102. A gap corresponding to the amount of deformation is provided. Then, the steel member 102 and the second steel plate 112 are joined by welding W3 while maintaining the state in which the compressive force acts on the wooden member 101 . After the welding is completed, a tensile force is introduced into the steel member 102 by removing the external force, and the compressive force of the wooden member 101 is balanced.

Also, as shown in FIG. 15(b), two reaction plates 106 are installed at both ends of the wood-steel composite column so as to face the end plates 103, and these reaction plates 106 are connected by tension members 107. It is also possible to press the end plate 103 against the wooden member 101 by applying a reaction force to the reaction plate 106 while keeping the state of the wood member 101 .

FIG. 16 is a plan view and an end side view showing a wood and steel composite column according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
This wood-steel composite member has the same cross-sectional configuration as the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. The material end plate 123 also has a first steel plate 131, a second steel plate 132, and a connecting member 133, and the steel member 122 is inserted through a cross-shaped through hole provided in the first steel plate 131. , the tip faces the second steel plate 132 .
In this wood-steel composite column, the tip of the steel member 122 and the second steel plate 132 are joined by a plurality of bolts 124 passing through the second steel plate 132 . These bolts 124 are inserted through through holes provided in the second steel plate 132, twisted into female threads of bolt holes provided in the axial direction from the end face of the steel member 122, and are joined by tightening.
The length of the steel member 122 is adjusted so that when the end plate 123 is brought into contact with the end face of the wooden member 121, a gap of a predetermined width is generated between the end face and the second steel plate 132. As 123 is tightened, steel member 122 can be drawn to introduce tensile force and compressive force to wooden member 121 .

FIG. 17 is a side view and cross-sectional view of an end portion of a wood-steel composite column according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
In this wood-steel composite column, a wedge 144 is used to apply a compressive force to a wooden member 141 and a tensile force to a steel member 142 .
The cross-sectional configuration of this wood-steel composite column combining the wooden members 141 and steel members 142 is the same as that of the wood-steel composite column shown in FIG. A wedge 144 is pushed between the end face of the member 141 and the first steel plate 151 of the end plate 143 . The end faces of the wooden members 141 are inclined so as to gradually narrow the distance from the end plates 143 toward the center of the cross section from a pair of opposed side surfaces, and steel plates 145 are attached to the inclined faces. .
In this wood-steel composite column, the steel member 142 and the end plate 143 are joined in advance by welding or the like, and after combining the wood member 141 so as to surround the steel member 142, the end face of the wood member 141 and the end plate 143 are joined. By pushing a wedge 144 between the first steel plate 151 and the first steel plate 151 from two opposite directions as shown in FIG. It is. Reference numeral 146 denotes a bolt for preventing the pushed-in wedge from coming out, and a through hole is provided in the wedge 144 to connect the four wedges to each other.

The wood and steel composite column described above is an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be implemented by changing the aspect within the scope of the present invention. be able to.
For example, although all of the above embodiments are used as columns, they can also be used as members, such as braces, on which a large axial force acts.

1: wooden member, 2: steel member, 3: end plate,
11: Grooves formed in wooden members,
21: bolt hole,
31: first steel plate, 32: second steel plate, 33: connecting member, 34: through hole provided in first steel plate, 35: bolt, 36: through hole provided in second steel plate, 37 : the gap between the end plate and the end face of the steel member,
41: wooden member, 42: steel member, 43: end plate,
51: first steel plate, 52: second steel plate, 53: connecting member, 54: notch provided in first steel plate, 55: reaction plate, 56: jack,
61: wooden member, 62: steel member, 63: end plate, 64: first steel plate, 65: second steel plate, 66: connecting member, 67: between first steel plate and second steel plate connecting plate, 68: high-strength bolt,
71: wooden member, 72: steel member, 72a: flange provided at the end of steel member, 73: end plate, 74: first steel plate, 75: second steel plate, 76: connecting member, 77 : bolt 81: wooden member 82: steel member 82a: flange portion continuous in the axial direction of the steel member 83: wooden member 84: steel member 85: wooden member 86: steel member 87: wooden member 88: Steel member,
91: wooden member, 92: steel member, 93: end plate, 94: wedge, 95: steel plate, 96: through hole provided in wedge, 97: bolt, 98: gap between wooden member and end plate,
101: wooden member, 102: steel member, 103: end plate, 104: reaction block, 105: jack, 106: reaction plate, 107: tensile member,
111: first steel plate, 112: second steel plate, 113: connecting member, 114: through hole provided in first steel plate,
121: wooden member, 122: steel member, 123: end plate, 124: bolt,
131: first steel plate, 132: second steel plate, 133: connecting member,
141: wooden member, 142: steel member, 143: end plate, 144: wedge, 145: steel plate, 146: bolt connecting wedges,
151: first steel plate, 152: second steel plate, 153: connecting member

Claims (9)

a steel member supporting axial forces;
a wooden member combined along the axial direction of the steel member and supporting a force in the axial direction together with the steel member;
end members attached to both end portions of the steel member and the wooden member and capable of transmitting axial force to both the steel member and the wooden member;
The end member is pressed toward the end surface of the wooden member, and a compressive force is introduced in the axial direction of the wooden member,
A wood and steel composite member, wherein the steel member is welded or bolted to the end member, and a tensile force is introduced. The wooden member has a single solid cross section,
2. The wood-steel composite member according to claim 1, wherein said steel member is combined with a plurality of said steel members dispersedly around the outer peripheral portion of said wooden member. 2. The wood-steel composite member according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member surrounds the steel member. 3. A pressure equalizing layer hardened between the wooden member and the end member is interposed between the wooden member and the end member. A wood and steel composite member according to any one of the preceding. combining the wooden member and the steel member with their axes substantially parallel;
a step of bringing end members into contact with both end surfaces of the wooden member and introducing an axial compressive force to the wooden member through the end members;
a step of joining the end member and the steel member in a state in which a compressive force is introduced to the wooden member so that axial force can be transmitted from the end member to the steel member; A method for manufacturing a wood and steel composite member, comprising: The step of applying a compressive force in the axial direction to the wooden member includes applying a reaction force to the wooden member through the end member to pull the steel member,
6. The wood steel according to claim 5, wherein the step of joining the end member and the steel member joins the end member with a tensile force applied to the steel member. A method of manufacturing a composite member. The step of pulling the steel member includes locking a bolt penetrating the steel plate of the end member to the steel member via a nut or screwing the bolt into a screw hole provided in the steel member. 7. The method of manufacturing a wood-steel composite member according to claim 6, wherein the steel member is drawn axially by the force of screwing the bolt. a step of combining a wooden member and a steel member with their axes substantially parallel, arranging the end members so as to face both end faces of the wooden member, and joining the end members to the steel members;
and a step of inserting a wedge between the end surface of the wooden member and the end member to introduce a compressive force to the wooden member and a tensile force to the steel member. Production method. arranging the end members so as to abut against both end surfaces of the wooden member;
disposing a heated steel member parallel to the wood member and joining both ends of the steel member to the end members;
A method of manufacturing a composite wood and steel member, comprising: a step of lowering the temperature of the steel member, and contracting the steel member to bring the end member into pressure contact with the end face of the wooden member.

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