JP2023060300A - Weight estimation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a weight estimation device capable of estimating the weight of an animal with high accuracy while having a simple configuration.

SOLUTION: A weight estimation device estimates the weight of an animal and includes: an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points; a computing device that computes a geometric quantity of the outer shape of the animal based on average three-dimensional information obtained by averaging multiple pieces of three-dimensional information obtained by the one-shot type 3D scanner that has performed multiple shots within a predetermined time; and a weighing device that estimates the weight of the imaged animal based on the geometric quantity of the outer shape of the animal computed by the computing device.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a weight estimation device capable of estimating the weight of an animal.

By measuring the weight of livestock, it is possible to grasp the growth condition of livestock and predict the suitable time for shipment. Therefore, conventionally, livestock is placed on a weight scale for measurement. However, it takes time and effort to put livestock on the scale one by one. In addition, there is also the problem that the weight cannot be measured with high accuracy because the livestock moves on the weight scale.

On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, an image of an animal is acquired using an optical imaging device fixedly installed above, and based on the image, the height and projected area of the animal are obtained, and the weight of the animal is calculated. disclosed.

JP-A-2002-286421

However, the technique of Patent Literature 1 can only obtain two-dimensional information such as the body height and projected area of the animal, and thus has a problem that the measurement error increases and the weight of the animal cannot be measured with high accuracy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a body weight estimating apparatus which has a simple configuration and is capable of estimating the body weight of an animal with high accuracy.

A weight estimation device of the present invention is a weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing the geometric quantity of the outline of the animal based on average three-dimensional information obtained by averaging a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined period of time with the one-shot type 3D scanner; ,
and a weighing device for estimating the weight of the imaged animal based on the geometric quantity of the animal's outer shape calculated by the arithmetic device.
A weight estimation device of the present invention is a weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing geometric quantities of the outlines of the plurality of animals based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined time by the one-shot 3D scanner;
and a weighing device for estimating the weight of the imaged animal based on an average geometric amount obtained by averaging the geometric amounts of the outer shapes of a plurality of the animals.
A weight estimation device of the present invention is a weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing geometric quantities of the outlines of the plurality of animals based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined period of time with the one-shot 3D scanner;
and a weighing device that obtains the weights of a plurality of the animals that have been imaged based on geometric quantities of the outlines of the plurality of animals, and averages the weights of the animals as an estimated weight.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a body weight estimation device capable of estimating the body weight of an animal with high accuracy while having a simple configuration.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a weight estimation device according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how the body weight estimation device 1 is used. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a usage state of the body weight estimation device 1 according to the modification. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a subject based on three-dimensional information obtained by the imaging unit 5. As shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which animals whose body weights are estimated are extracted. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation, with the weight on the vertical axis and the surface area of the lower body on the horizontal axis. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing data obtained by plotting the surface area A of the lower body of a pig and its measured weight W in association with each other. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing data obtained by plotting the body length L of a pig grown in the first piggery and its measured weight W in association with each other. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing data obtained by plotting the body length L of a pig grown in the second piggery and its measured weight W in association with each other.

This embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a weight estimation device according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how the body weight estimation device 1 is used. In the present embodiment, “imaging” means acquiring at least three-dimensional coordinate information of an object to be imaged.

In FIG. 1, the body weight estimation apparatus 1 includes an operation unit 3, a display unit 4, an imaging unit (information acquisition device) 5, a storage unit 6, and a CPU (computing unit and metering device) 7.

The operation unit 3 is an interface operated by the user to input instructions to the body weight estimation device 1 . In FIG. 2, a power switch 3a and a release button 3b are shown as the operation unit 3, but a touch panel may be provided instead of the release button. In this case, a touch sensor is provided on the surface of the display unit 4, and the user can input instruction information to the body weight estimation device 1 by touching the screen. In such a case, the display section also serves as the operation section.

The display unit 4 has a function of displaying images and information, which can be visually recognized by the user. A liquid crystal display can be used as the display unit 4 .

The CPU 7 reads and executes a program stored in the storage unit 6 to perform calculations of various data, generation of control signals, and the like.

The storage unit 6 provides a function of storing various data used in the weight estimation device 1 . As the storage unit 6, a RAM or buffer used as a temporary working area for the CPU 7, a read-only ROM, a non-volatile memory (for example, NAND memory), a portable storage medium attached to a dedicated reading device. (SD card, USB memory, etc.).

The imaging unit 5 is a camera that acquires three-dimensional information, captures an image of an animal as a subject, and acquires three-dimensional object information and color information having three-dimensional coordinate information for each pixel. Based on the color information, the display unit 4 can display a color image of the subject. Three-dimensional object information may be used instead of color images. A known camera can be used for acquiring three-dimensional information. A device that acquires three-dimensional information may use either the Time of Flight method, the light pattern irradiation method, or the like. However, it is preferable that the imaging time for acquiring one piece of data is short. A one-shot 3D scanner is most preferable as a camera for acquiring three-dimensional information. In addition, although the imaging unit 5 outputs the three-dimensional information obtained by one shot, it is possible to perform a plurality of shots within a predetermined time and output a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained by the plurality of shots. good.

In estimating the body weight of an animal, it is desirable to average the acquired data by adopting one of the following methods.
(1) The CPU 7 as a computing device computes the geometric quantity of the outline of the animal based on the average three-dimensional information obtained by averaging a plurality of three-dimensional information, and obtains the estimated weight.
(2) The CPU 7 as a computing device computes a plurality of geometric quantities in the outline of the same animal based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information, and captures an image based on an average geometric quantity obtained by averaging the geometric quantities. Estimate the body weight of the animal.
(3) The CPU 7 as a computing device computes a plurality of geometric quantities in the outline of the same animal based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information, and calculates a plurality of weights of the imaged animal based on the geometric quantities. The estimated body weight is obtained by averaging these values.

Next, the operation of the weight estimation device 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, when the user holds the body 2 of the body weight estimation device 1 with his or her hand HD and turns on the power switch 3a, the CPU 7 displays a cross mark MK in the center of the display section 4. At the same time, the image of the subject captured by the imaging unit 5 is displayed through the display unit 4 . The display position of the cross mark MK within the screen is not limited to the center. Also, a plurality of cross marks may be displayed. The CPU 7 and display unit 4 constitute a selection device.

While moving the hand HD, the user moves the housing part 2 so that the cross mark is positioned on the flank of the animal AN whose weight is to be estimated on the display part 4, and the imaging part 5 images the animal AN in a prescribed state. At this time, there is no particular restriction on the distance from the animal AN to the user, but the entire animal AN can be photographed.

When the user operates the release button 3b with the cross mark MK positioned on the flank of the animal AN, the imaging unit 5 acquires three-dimensional object information and color information including the animal AN, and stores them in the storage unit 6. Furthermore, the CPU 7 estimates the weight of the animal AN based on the three-dimensional object information.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a usage state of the body weight estimation device 1 according to the modification. In this modified example, the operation parts such as the power switch 3 a and the release button 3 b are arranged on the grip part 2 a connected to the lower surface of the housing part 2 . Thereby, the user can hold the body weight estimation device 1 only by gripping the grip portion 2a with one hand, and can operate the body weight estimation device 1 using only the one hand.

The reason why it is preferable to hold the body weight estimation device 1 with only one hand and perform imaging will be described. Even if the body weight of the animal is estimated by operating the body weight estimation device 1 as described above, if the target animal moves, it may become indistinguishable from other animals and may be lost. Therefore, it is desirable to perform an operation such as painting the target animal at the same time as the imaging.

According to this modification, the body weight estimation device 1 can be held with only one hand and an image can be captured. never lose sight of

Furthermore, although not shown, the body weight estimation device 1 can be provided with a selection button (selection section) as an operation section. Such selection buttons can be provided on the screen by using a touch panel as the screen. Depending on the type of animal, for example, if the animal to be estimated is a pig of B months or older, the first selection button is turned on. In addition, when the animal to be estimated is a pig whose age is A months or more and less than B months, the second selection button is turned on. Furthermore, when the animal to be estimated is a pig less than A months old, the third selection button is turned on. This selection causes the CPU 7 to perform different operations. Details of the calculation will be described later. The method of dividing the age in months is an example.

The processing performed by the CPU 7 will be described below. Here, a pig is taken as an example of an animal whose weight is to be estimated. The three-dimensional object information stored in the storage unit 6 includes, in addition to the animal AN, information on the floor FL and other objects OBJ (including other animals) that are unnecessary for weight estimation processing. Therefore, the CPU 7 extracts only the three-dimensional subject information of the pig whose weight is to be estimated.

The three-dimensional subject information has three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) with the body weight estimation device 1 as a reference for countless points (eg, pixels) in the screen. Here, the x-axis is defined in the horizontal direction in the screen with the left side positive, the y-axis in the vertical direction in the screen with the upper side positive, and the z-axis in the vertical direction of the screen with the positive side beyond the screen. Therefore, the CPU 7 compares the three-dimensional coordinates of each adjacent point and separates unnecessary three-dimensional subject information from the inherent features of the background.

More specifically, the CPU 7 defines a plane on which the largest number of 3D points appear on a certain plane in the 3D point group acquired as the 3D object information, determines that plane as the floor FL, and determines these points. Remove from target. Here, the state where the object is most on the plane means the state where the number of point groups within a predetermined distance from the plane is the largest.

Furthermore, based on the premise that points corresponding to or near the cross mark MK are the flanks of the pig, the CPU 7 compares the three-dimensional coordinates of each adjacent point, and determines an object forming a continuous surface with respect to the pig. These points are removed from the object, recognizing them as AN and the others as unwanted objects OBJ. As a result, only the three-dimensional coordinate group corresponding to the target pig AN remains (see FIG. 5).

Next, the CPU 7 acquires the geometrical quantity related to the outer shape of the pig AN from the extracted three-dimensional coordinate group. First, referring to FIG. 5, the total length L of the pig AN is obtained based on the extracted three-dimensional coordinate group. The total length L is defined as a value obtained by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum x value among the x coordinates of the point group that constitutes the pig AN. Next, the pig AN is divided into two parts at the midpoint P of the total length L, and the surface area is obtained for the left side and the right side. The surface area is obtained by forming triangles connecting three points in the extracted three-dimensional coordinate group, forming a mesh, and summing the areas of the triangles. At this time, for example, by averaging the areas according to a plurality of shots, the influence of noise can be suppressed. Note that meshing is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-096745.

In the case of pig AN, the surface area of the lower half of the body is generally larger than the surface area of the upper half of the body. Therefore, the CPU 7 compares the surface area on the left side and the surface area on the right side, and specifies the larger one (the left side in FIG. 5) as the lower half of the body. In this way, the orientation of the pig AN can be specified.

Another method is to use the integral value of curvature. Using a point cloud existing in a range separated by a predetermined distance from a certain point, defining the most sphere on which it rests, and defining the radius of the spherical surface as the curvature of a certain target point, the point cloud data of the pig AN A curvature is given to each. As described above, the pig AN is divided into two at the midpoint P of the total length L of the pig AN, and the integral value of the curvature is calculated for each. In general, in the case of pig AN, the integrated value of the curvature of the upper body including the face is larger than the integrated value of the curvature of the lower body, so the smaller integrated value of curvature (left side in FIG. 5) as the lower body.

Note that the imaging distance between the pig AN and the body weight estimation device 1 is greatly involved in the accuracy of meshing the surface of the pig AN. Therefore, it is desirable to perform smoothing processing before meshing. Specifically, when meshing, if the imaging distance is short, the meshing parameter (the search distance for the points that make up the triangle) is reduced, and if the imaging distance is long, the meshing parameter is increased. By doing so, appropriate meshing can be performed.

According to the results of studies conducted by the present inventor, any of the geometric quantities of the total length L of the pig AN, the height of the pig at the midpoint P, the maximum body circumference T at the midpoint P, and the surface area A has also been shown to be able to estimate body weight. However, it is also known that the correlation between the body surface area of the pig AN excluding the head and its weight is the most probable. Therefore, here, the body weight is estimated using the surface area of the lower body of the pig AN as a parameter. It should be noted that the surface area does not necessarily have to be defined as the surface area of the lower half of the body from the midpoint P, as long as the head portion is not included.

Prior to this estimation, the storage unit 6 obtains the correlation between the surface area of the lower body of a general pig and its weight. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the measured weight W of a predetermined number of pigs is plotted on the vertical axis and the corresponding lower body surface area A is plotted on the horizontal axis, this correlation is represented by a regression line (regression formula) It can be approximated by W=aA+b. These coefficients a and b can be obtained from research results and simulations performed in advance, and are stored in the storage unit 6 .

Therefore, when the CPU 7 calculates the surface area A of the lower half of the body of the pig AN, the weight W can be obtained with high accuracy from the regression line W=aA+b. The determined weight W can be displayed on the display unit 4 together with the image of the pig AN as "123 kg" or the like, as shown in FIG. 2, for example. As described above, it is desirable to average the obtained data when estimating body weight.

On the other hand, by using other geometric quantities as parameters in addition to the surface area of the lower half of the pig AN, body weight can be estimated with higher accuracy. For example, when the maximum body circumference T is used as a parameter, the weight of the pig AN can be estimated with higher accuracy.

In such a case, if the correlation between the surface area A of the pig's lower body, the maximum body circumference T, and its weight W is found, this correlation can be represented by a regression line W=aA+bT+c. In such a case, the storage unit 6 stores coefficients a, b, and c.

In this example, when the CPU 7 calculates the surface area A of the lower half of the body and the maximum trunk circumference T of the pig AN, the weight W can be obtained with high accuracy from the regression line W=aA+bT+c.

Furthermore, according to the study results of the present inventors, it is also known that it is desirable to change the coefficients of the regression line according to the characteristics of the animal. For example, in the case of piglets, the ratio of the surface area of the face to the surface area of the lower half of the body is large, but as the pig grows, its body shape changes so that the ratio of the surface area of the face to the surface area of the lower half of the body becomes smaller. Therefore, by changing the regression line used for estimating the body weight according to the age of the pig, the body weight can be estimated with higher accuracy.

FIG. 7 shows data obtained by plotting the surface area A of the lower body of a pig and its measured weight W in association with each other, and further shows a regression line of the data overlaid. Here, when the age of the pig is divided into data group 3E of less than A month, data group 3D of A month or more and less than B month, and data group 3C of B month or more, the regression lines are different as follows. I found out. The unit of weight W is kg, and the unit of surface area A is cm ² .
・Regression line for pigs aged less than A month: W = 0.5 A-47 (1) Formula ・Regression line for pigs aged A month or more and less than B months: W = 0.4 A-21 (2) Formula Regression line for pigs aged B months or older: W = 0.3 A + 10 (3) Formula

As described above, the weight estimation device 1 can be provided with an age selection button. Since the pigs are sorted according to age, the user can select one of the selection buttons for each place of breeding. When one of the selection buttons is selected, the body weight estimation device 1 images the pig, and the CPU 7 selects one of the regression lines of equations (1) to (3) corresponding to the operated selection button. to select. Further, the CPU 7 can accurately estimate body weight by substituting the obtained surface area of the lower half of the body into the selected regression line. Alternatively, by photographing with the body weight estimation device 1, the geometric quantity such as the total length can be known, so the CPU 7 determines which of the data groups 3C to 3E it belongs to according to the value, and automatically applies ( Equations 1) to (3) can also be changed.

In addition, the weight estimation device 1 is provided with an interface such as a USB so that the CPU 7 can be accessed from an external personal computer or the like. may be writable or modifiable by

The above example shows an example in which the regression line is changed according to the age of the pig whose body weight is to be estimated. On the other hand, it is also possible to change the regression line according to the type of pig. For example, there are types of pigs such as Landrace, Large Yorkshire, Duroc, Berkshire, Hampshire, and Medium Yorkshire, and each of these types has a different body shape. Therefore, a regression line corresponding to each type of pig may be obtained in advance, and the user may select a selection button provided on the body weight estimation device 1 .

In the above embodiment, an example of representing a regression line with a regression equation with one geometric variable (the surface area of the lower body) was shown, but even if the geometric variable is represented by a multiple regression equation with two or more good. Further, the regression equation is not limited to a linear equation, but may be a multidimensional equation or other functions (combinations of exponential functions, log functions, trigonometric functions, etc.).

Furthermore, even if the pigs are of the same type, the growth conditions of the pigs vary depending on the feed and the environment. In this case, there are many differences in growing conditions, but in a broader sense, piglets to adult pigs are reared in the same piggery, so it can be said that the growing conditions differ depending on the piggery.

FIG. 8 shows data in which the body length L of the pigs grown in the first piggery and their measured weight W are plotted in correspondence, and the regression line of the data is shown superimposed. In addition, FIG. 9 shows data obtained by plotting the body length L of pigs of the same age grown in a second piggery different from the first piggery and their measured weight W in association with each other. The regression line is superimposed. Here, an example of estimating body weight using body length L as a geometric quantity is shown.

In the data shown in FIG. 8, the regression line is represented by W=0.1·L−8 [(Equation 4)]. On the other hand, in the data shown in FIG. 9, the regression line is represented by W=0.2·L−132 [(5 equation)]. Therefore, it can be seen that the regression lines used for estimating body weight are different even for pigs of the same type and age.

Therefore, the body weight estimation device 1 is provided with a selection button for each piggery so that the user can select which piggery the pig is imaged by using the selection button. After that, by imaging the pig with the weight estimation device 1, the CPU 7 selects either the regression line of the equation (4) or the equation (5) corresponding to the operated selection button, and calculates the weight from the body length L. It can be estimated with high accuracy.

Another factor that determines the regression line is the size of the pig. Here, the size may be the size of parts such as the thickness of a pig's leg, or the overall size such as body length or height. Also, even in the same piggery, if the type of feed is changed or the amount of feed is changed, the regression line may change. Also, changing the piggery environment (temperature and stress factors) may change the regression line.

Therefore, the characteristics that determine the regression line include the size, age, type, piggery, etc. of pigs, and the characteristics that determine the regression line include the type of feed, feeding policy, and the environment of the piggery (temperature, humidity, etc.). , ventilation, etc.).

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in imaging by the weight estimation device 1, since the shutter speed is about 1/60, imaging is continuously performed to acquire a three-dimensional information group, and a three-dimensional information group obtained by averaging each three-dimensional information group. or by averaging the surface area A of the pig's lower body obtained from each three-dimensional information group to obtain one weight W, or by averaging a plurality of weights W obtained to estimate this It can also be used as weight.

Further, in the above embodiment, pigs are used as examples of animals whose weight is to be estimated. In such a case, it is desirable to use different geometric quantities as parameters, since cows and horses have different body shapes from pigs. For this reason, it is desirable to acquire three-dimensional information groups by capturing an image of a horse or the like from behind as well as from the side.

The weight estimation device selects a display device having a screen for displaying an image of a subject including an animal and the animal displayed on the screen as a weight estimation target based on the signal output from the information acquisition device. and a device, wherein the information acquisition device preferably acquires the three-dimensional information of the animal selected by the selection device.

In the weight estimation device, it is preferable that the selection device displays an identification mark on the screen of the display device and selects an animal displayed over the identification mark as the weight estimation target.

In the weight estimation device, a plurality of identification marks may be provided.

In the weight estimation device, it is preferable that the arithmetic device does not use the three-dimensional information for subjects other than the animal selected by the selection device displayed on the screen.

In the weight estimation device, the information acquisition device is a one-shot type 3D scanner, performs a plurality of shots within a predetermined time, and the arithmetic device averages a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained from the plurality of shots. Preferably, the geometric quantity of the animal's outline is calculated based on the averaged three-dimensional information.

In the weight estimation device, the information acquisition device is a one-shot 3D scanner, and performs a plurality of shots within a predetermined period of time, and the computing device, based on a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained from the plurality of shots, Preferably, a plurality of geometric quantities of the animal's outline are calculated, and the weighing device estimates the weight of the imaged animal based on an average geometric quantity obtained by averaging the geometric quantities of the animal's outline.

In the weight estimation device, the information acquisition device is a one-shot 3D scanner, and performs a plurality of shots within a predetermined period of time, and the computing device, based on a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained from the plurality of shots, The weighing device calculates the geometric amounts of the outlines of the plurality of animals, and the weighing device obtains the weights of a plurality of images of the animals based on the geometric amounts of the outlines of the plurality of animals, and averages the weights. is the estimated body weight.

Reference Signs List 1 weight estimation device 2 housing 3 operation unit 3a power switch 3b release button 4 display unit 5 imaging unit 6 storage unit

Claims (5)

A weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing the geometric quantity of the outline of the animal based on average three-dimensional information obtained by averaging a plurality of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined period of time with the one-shot type 3D scanner; ,
and a weighing device for estimating the weight of the imaged animal based on the geometric quantity of the animal's outer shape calculated by the arithmetic device. A weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing geometric quantities of the outlines of the plurality of animals based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined time by the one-shot 3D scanner;
and a weighing device for estimating the weight of the imaged animal based on an average geometric quantity obtained by averaging geometric quantities of outlines of a plurality of the animals. A weight estimation device for estimating the weight of an animal,
an information acquisition device that is a one-shot type 3D scanner that captures an image of the animal and acquires three-dimensional information for each of a plurality of points;
a computing device for computing geometric quantities of the outlines of the plurality of animals based on a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional information obtained by performing a plurality of shots within a predetermined time by the one-shot 3D scanner;
a weight estimating device, comprising: a weighing device that obtains a plurality of weights of the animals that have been imaged based on the geometrical quantities of the outer shapes of the plurality of animals, and averages the weights of the animals as an estimated weight. . a storage unit that stores a regression equation representing the correlation between the geometric amount of the animal's outer shape and the weight of the animal;
The weighing device estimates the weight of the animal by substituting the geometric quantity of the animal's outer shape calculated by the calculation device into the regression equation,
The storage unit stores a plurality of regression equations representing a plurality of different correlations according to the characteristics of the animal to be estimated,
The weighing device selects one of the corresponding regression equations based on the geometric quantity of the animal's outline calculated by the arithmetic unit, reads it from the storage unit, and reads the animal's outline calculated by the arithmetic unit. The body weight estimation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the body weight of the animal is estimated by substituting the geometric quantity of . 5. The weight estimation device according to claim 4, wherein the characteristics of the animal are the size of the animal, the age of the animal in months, or the pigsty in which the animal is raised.

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