JP2023059246A - Cylindrical container with vacuum heat insulation structure, and method of providing cylindrical container with heat insulation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a device and a method for preventing temperature change of a substance in a high-temperature or low-temperature state due to heat transfer between the substance in the high-temperature or low temperature state and the circumference.SOLUTION: In a vacuum heat insulation device and a vacuum heat insulation method, a sealed space formed by an inner cylinder (1) and an outer cylinder (2), of a hollow cylindrical substance of a double structure of the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2), is made vacuum, and both ends of the hollow cylindrical substance of the double structure are inserted to two rows of grooves (4) formed on a hollow disc-like and/or disc-like substance (3). As a supporting material for preventing deformation of the substance constituting the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2) due to pressure difference between front and back sides, a hollow cylindrical substance (5) is disposed between the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2), and the structure can cope with expansion and contraction due to heat, of the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for preventing temperature changes in a hot or cold material due to heat transfer to the hot or cold material and its surroundings.

It is well known that the outer periphery of the container has a double structure and the inside of the double structure is evacuated to remarkably improve the heat insulating effect. However, if the container has a double structure and the interior of the double structure is evacuated, the internal pressure of the space formed by the surface of the container and the structure covering it decreases, so The pressure acting on the structure can deform the material composing the surface of the container and the structure covering it. In order to prevent this, a new structure is inserted between the surface of the double-structured container and the structure that covers it, and the surface of the container is constructed by making it serve as a support. Measures are taken to prevent deformation of the material and overlying structures.
For example, Patent Literature 1 describes "a technique of helically winding a metal wire spacer having a circular cross section provided in a space between double cylinders forming a heat insulating layer around an inner tube in a tube".
In addition, Patent Document 2 states, "A vacuum chamber is formed by providing a closed double tube around the container, and a metal wire or wire mesh having a circular cross section is wound around the outer circumference of the container to maintain the structure of the vacuum layer. technology” is mentioned.

JP-A-8-144740 JP 2002-228055 A

In general, making the outer periphery of a container a double structure and evacuating the inside of the container dramatically improves the heat insulating effect, but there is a possibility that the materials that make up the surface of the double structure container and the structure that covers it will deform. Therefore, in order to prevent this, as described in the patent document, a new technology such as `` spirally winding a long object with a circular cross section around the outside of the container (inside the vacuum layer) '' Although a method is required, it is difficult to use this method for anything other than special, high-value-added applications because of the following considerations.
(1) In order to obtain the strength to withstand a vacuum, it is necessary to improve the strength of the material that constitutes the surface of the container. be.
(2) Improving the strength of the material forming the surface of the container generally increases manufacturing costs and weight.
(3) In order to prevent deformation of the double structure, when using a method such as ``spirally wrapping a long object with a circular cross section around the outside of the container (inside the vacuum layer)'', the substance is wrapped in a spiral. weight will be added.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat insulating device and method having a vacuum heat insulating structure, which has the following elements, is highly versatile, and has a structure that causes relatively little increase in volume and weight.
1. It consists of a double-structured container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and by closing both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to create a vacuum inside, the heat insulating effect is enhanced.
2. Support is provided by placing a lightweight hollow cylindrical material between the inner and outer cylinders as a support material to prevent deformation of the inner and outer cylinders by applying a vacuum between the inner and outer cylinders. Minimize the weight increase due to additional lumber.
3. In order to close both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are separated by inserting both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder into two rows of circular grooves set in the disc-shaped and/or hollow disc-shaped material. The structure should be able to cope with the expansion and contraction caused by the heat of the cylinder.
4. A function as a vacuum insulation container can be imparted by making a part of the disk-shaped substance installed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder openable and detachable.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, "Thermal energy flows from a place with a higher temperature to a place with a lower temperature", the temperature of the fluid flowing through the tube or the substance inside the container (TH: Temperature High) is lower than the ambient temperature (TL: Temperature Low). If the temperature is also high, the amount of heat (thermal energy) is transferred to the surroundings through the substances that make up the container, and the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the container and the temperature of the substances that make up the container decrease in proportion to this amount of heat.
If the amount of heat transferred per unit time is Q, Q is the thermal conductivity (CT: Coefficient of Thermal
Conductivity), temperature difference (TH-TL), heat-transfer surface (HS), and inversely proportional to movement distance (D). For this reason, if the thermal conductivity CT and the heat transfer area HS are the same in a container of the same shape, the higher the temperature of the substance in the container, the more the amount of heat transfer Q
increases and the temperature changes rapidly. In order to prevent heat transfer (temperature change) between the substance in the container and the surroundings, the value of thermal conductivity CT should be small and the transfer distance D should be small between the substance in the container and the surroundings. By forming a heat insulating layer with a large value, it is possible to reduce the value of the transferred heat quantity Q that is transferred (released) from the container to the surroundings.

The invention according to claim 1 is a double structure hollow cylindrical substance composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The structure is characterized by having a structure in which both ends of a hollow cylindrical substance are inserted into a hollow disc and/or two rows of grooves provided in the disc-shaped substance.

Since the amount of heat transfer in materials with the same shape is proportional to the thermal conductivity, it is necessary to select materials with the lowest possible thermal conductivity for the inner and outer cylinders. In general, the thermal conductivity of metal is 20 to 200 [W/m・K], but the thermal conductivity of heat insulating materials is 0.2 to 0.3 [W/m・K], which is extremely low compared to metal. . The thermal conductivity of gas is lower than that, for example, the thermal conductivity of air is 0.03 [W/m·K]. However, when insulating using an air layer, it is necessary to consider the influence of convection of nitrogen molecules and oxygen molecules that constitute the air. On the other hand, if the pressure in the space is 1 Pa or less, the effect of the convection of the nitrogen molecules and oxygen molecules that make up the air will almost disappear, so the thermal conductivity will be a value close to 0 (zero).
In view of the above, in order to effectively utilize the present invention, it is necessary to fill the sealed space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder with gas, and to keep the pressure at 1 Pa or less.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a hollow cylindrical substance having a double structure composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder is evacuated by making the space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder a sealed space, and the double The structure is characterized by using a method of inserting both ends of a hollow cylindrical substance into a hollow disc and/or two rows of grooves provided in the disc-shaped substance.

In order to make the space formed by the inner and outer cylinders of a double-structured hollow cylindrical substance composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder a closed space, some method must be used to form a double-structured hollow cylinder. It is necessary to adhere both ends of the shaped substance to the hollow disc-shaped and/or disc-shaped substance. Welding is usually used as a method for bonding metals together, but this method requires the use of thick materials, which results in an increase in weight.
In the present invention, the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder, and the hollow disc-shaped and/or disc-shaped material are composed of three kinds of materials, but these materials do not need to be the same. For example, the inner cylinder may be exposed to extremely hot or cold temperatures, while the outer cylinder is likely to be near ambient temperature. In addition, since the hollow disc-shaped and/or disc-shaped substance plays a role as a support material for the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, it is necessary to have properties required for each, such as requiring strength.
As a method of adhering such substances having different materials and characteristics, the present invention uses a method of bonding by fitting different substances into grooves. Using this method, by adjusting (setting) the gap between the fitting parts, when fixing three types of materials, namely, an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a hollow disk-shaped substance, and/or a disk-shaped substance, a state in which they can move relative to each other It is also possible to deal with the case of

According to the third aspect of the invention, the space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is evacuated as a sealed space, thereby preventing deformation of the material constituting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder due to the pressure difference between the front and back surfaces. A hollow cylindrical substance is installed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder as a supporting material for the inner cylinder.

By evacuating the space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder as a sealed space, the supporting material to prevent deformation due to the pressure difference between the front and back of the inner and outer cylinders is strength and heat resistance. (Ultra high temperature, ultra low temperature) are often used, but metal is inferior in thermal conductivity characteristics.
In the present invention, the supporting material is a "hollow cylindrical substance". Specifically, by using a hollow cylindrical metal whose interior is filled with gas, not only the thermal conductivity is improved but also the installation area of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is reduced. When hollow cylindrical metal is used, the smaller the thickness (the difference between the outer diameter and the diameter), the lighter the weight, but the strength is likely to be insufficient. Therefore, by closing both ends of a long piece of metal with a hollow cylinder and filling the inside with a gas above the atmospheric pressure, it is possible to obtain strength corresponding to the pressure of the inside gas. This is based on the same principle as the pressure and earthquake resistance structure of automobile tires, which are made of soft rubber, and are sealed and filled with air or nitrogen at a pressure of about 2 atmospheres.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is evacuated as a closed space to prevent deformation of the material constituting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder due to the pressure difference between the front and back surfaces. It is characterized by using a method of installing a hollow cylindrical substance between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder as a supporting material for the.

In the invention according to claim 5, in order to have a structure that can cope with thermal expansion and contraction of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, it is inserted into two rows of grooves installed in a disc-shaped or hollow disc-shaped substance. Also, both ends and/or one end of the inner cylinder and/or the outer cylinder can move in the groove.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a part of the disc-shaped material placed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder can be opened and closed or attached and detached to function as a vacuum insulation container. characterized by being able to

By using the present invention, it is possible to prevent the temperature drop of the substance in the container and the fluid flowing through the tube.

1 shows an example of a basic configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; It shows an example of a specific configuration according to the embodiment of the present invention.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, it demonstrates, referring drawings for embodiment which concerns on this invention.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a basic configuration according to an embodiment of the invention.

This device consists of a hollow cylindrical substance with a double structure in which the sealed space formed by the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2) is vacuum, and a hollow cylindrical substance installed at both ends of the double structure hollow cylindrical substance. Disc-shaped and/or disk-shaped substance (3), two rows of grooves (4) installed in the hollow disc-shaped and/or disc-shaped substance, and the pressure difference between the front and back surfaces of the substances constituting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder It consists of a support (5) to prevent it from deforming due to

When the temperature inside the inner cylinder (1) is high, it is necessary to use a heat-resistant material for the inner cylinder (1). As a result, the temperature of the outer cylinder (2) is close to the temperature of the outside air, so it is not necessary to use a heat-resistant material for the material of the outer cylinder (2).

Further, when the temperature inside the inner cylinder (1) is high, the inner cylinder (1) thermally expands, but the temperature of the outer cylinder (2) is close to the outside air temperature, so the inner cylinder (1) shown in FIG. ) and the outer cylinder (2). In order to cope with this, both ends of the inner cylinder (1) and the outer cylinder (2) are structured to be inserted into two rows of grooves installed in a disc-shaped and/or hollow disc-shaped material, The structure is such that when the inner cylinder (1) thermally expands, both ends and/or one end of the inner cylinder and/or the outer cylinder can move within the groove.

A function as a vacuum insulation container can be imparted by making a part of the disk-shaped substance installed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder openable and detachable.

FIG. 2 shows, as an example of a specific configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention, a state in which a vacuum insulation device is installed in a PM reduction device composed of a DOC (oxidation catalyst) and a DPF (diesel particulate filter). showing. As shown in Fig. 2, by covering the entire PM reduction device with a vacuum insulation device, heat transfer from the outer periphery of the PM reduction device to the outside air is eliminated, and the temperature of the entire PM reduction device can be kept uniform. becomes.

By installing the present invention (vacuum heat insulating device) in a substance having a temperature difference from the outside air, it is possible to prevent the temperature change of the target substance.

1. Inner cylinder 2 . Outer cylinder 3 . Hollow disk-shaped and/or disk-shaped material4. 5. Two rows of grooves placed in a hollow disc and/or disc material. Support material to prevent deformation of inner and outer cylinders

Claims (6)

In a double-structured container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the space formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is evacuated as a sealed space, and both ends of the double-structured hollow cylindrical substance are hollow discs. A cylindrical container with a vacuum insulation structure characterized by having a structure in which it is inserted into two rows of grooves provided in a shaped and/or disk-shaped substance. In a double-structured container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the space formed by the inner cylinder and outer cylinder is sealed and evacuated, and both ends of the double-structured hollow cylindrical substance are made into hollow disks. A method for making a cylindrical container thermally insulated, characterized by using a method of inserting into two rows of grooves set in a shaped and/or disc shaped material. In a double structure container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the double structure space formed by the inner cylinder and outer cylinder is sealed in order to prevent heat transfer between the substance inside the container and the surroundings. In order to evacuate the space and prevent deformation of the double structure with a vacuum inside due to atmospheric pressure, a substance that serves as a pillar (spacer) is inserted between the structures,
A wide row of grooves or a width close to the thickness of the material used for the inner and outer cylinders in the material installed at both ends of the inner and outer cylinders to form an enclosed space By providing two rows of grooves and inserting both ends of the inner and outer cylinders into these grooves, substances installed at both ends of the inner and outer cylinders and inner and outer cylinders form a closed space 2. A cylindrical container with a vacuum insulation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a structure and function of closely contacting and fixing the . In a double structure container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the double structure space formed by the inner cylinder and outer cylinder is sealed in order to prevent heat transfer between the substance inside the container and the surroundings. In order to evacuate the space and prevent deformation of the double structure with a vacuum inside due to atmospheric pressure, a substance that serves as a pillar (spacer) is inserted between the structures,
A wide row of grooves or a width close to the thickness of the material used for the inner and outer cylinders in the material installed at both ends of the inner and outer cylinders to form an enclosed space By using the method of providing two rows of grooves and inserting both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder into these grooves, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are installed at both ends to form a closed space 3. A method for making a cylindrical container into a heat-insulating structure according to claim 2, characterized in that it can be brought into close contact with and fixed to the substance that is being held. In a double structure container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the double structure space formed by the inner cylinder and outer cylinder is sealed in order to prevent heat transfer between the substance inside the container and the surroundings. The space is evacuated, and vertically long holes are provided in one or two rows of grooves provided in the material that is installed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to form a closed space. By inserting and penetrating a part of both ends of this vertical hole and fixing the part protruding on the opposite side to the substance with the vertical hole, even if the material is different It is possible to accurately determine the relative position of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, which are installed at both ends to form the closed space, and to securely adhere and fix them. 4. The cylindrical container of claim 1 or claim 3, characterized by: In a double-structured container consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, a double-structured space formed by the inner and outer cylinders is used to prevent heat transfer between the substance inside the container and the surroundings. A closed space is evacuated, and vertical holes are provided in one or two rows of grooves provided in the substances that constitute the closed space at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are separated. By using a method of inserting and penetrating a part of both ends of the cylinder into this longitudinal hole and fixing the part protruding on the opposite side to the substance provided with the longitudinal hole, materials of different materials can be used. Also, it is possible to accurately determine the relative position of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the substances that are installed at both ends of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and constitute the sealed space, and to securely adhere and fix them. A method for making a cylindrical container of claim 2 or 4 into a heat-insulating structure, characterized by:

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