JP2023056568A - moire clear file - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve a problem that there have been no pattern that visualizes moire fringes that feels movement and no method for creating such a pattern, conventionally.SOLUTION: A moire clear file is equipped with a first pattern, and a second pattern that is installed at a position separated from the first pattern by a predetermined distance, and continuously changes its phase with respect to the first pattern in at least one area. For example, if the phase of the second pattern changes according to a function in at least one section, it is possible to develop an image of moire fringes that feels movement. Therefore, by inputting an input image and a characteristic value thereof, it is possible to develop moire fringes that feels natural movement.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 23

Description

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a moire clear file, that is, a clear file in which moire fringes are visible.

"Moire (or Moire)" is interference fringes visually generated when multiple periodic patterns or structures are superimposed. In terms of physics, moiré can be said to be a beat phenomenon of two spatial frequencies.
Moire occurs in various forms, and while moire may be removed as undesirable, it may also be used as a useful moire.

For example, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, there is a sales promotion item as an eye catcher by printing a pattern on a clear sheet or providing a lens-like structure.

Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-200012 discloses a method for forming a three-dimensional moiré pattern by providing two patterns on a transparent sheet.

JP 2005-280090 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-328400 JP 2007-140507 A

However, even if moiré fringes are generated in the prior art, the moiré fringes do not move, and it is difficult to give a large impression to the observer. Also, the provision of the lens-like structure increases the manufacturing cost.
Furthermore, the three-dimensional moiré has a problem that the angle and distance at which it can be visually recognized is limited, and there is a problem that it is difficult to match the positions of the two patterns.

The embodiment of the present disclosure has been made in view of such a problem, and can generate moire fringes that can feel continuous and smooth movement in a clear file, giving a great impression to observers and users. The purpose is to provide a moire clear file that can be used.

In order to solve the above problems, one of the representative moire clear files of the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a first pattern arranged on a first base material having optical transparency, disposed on a second substrate at a predetermined distance from the pattern, superimposed over at least a portion of the first pattern, and phase continuous with respect to the first pattern; and a second pattern that changes to , and moire fringes can be generated by the first pattern and the second pattern.
In the above, "continuously changing" means changing with a certain tendency in a certain interval, and does not always have to be continuous, meaning that it may change discretely. .

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
The phase of the second pattern varies in at least one section according to a function.

One of the moire clear files of other embodiments is
The phase of the second pattern varies in at least one section according to a trigonometric function.

ここで、αはストライプの角度、Pはストライプのピッチ、kは位相移動量係数である。 In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
If a reference point is set and the coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the moire fringes is x, and the coordinate perpendicular to x is y in the coordinates centered on the reference point,
The moiré intensity R of the first pattern satisfies the following formula (1),
The moire intensity B of the second pattern satisfies the following formula (2),
A phase shift amount PH representing the phase change of the second pattern with respect to the first pattern satisfies the following equation (3).

where α is the stripe angle, P is the stripe pitch, and k is the phase shift coefficient.

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
The phase shift coefficient k is represented by a function.

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
The phase shift coefficient k varies continuously.

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
The phase shift coefficient k satisfies k=ax+b.
where a and b are constants.

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
The phase shift coefficient k varies radially from the reference point.

In one of the moire clear files of other embodiments,
A plurality of reference points exist.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to generate moire fringes that give a sense of continuous and smooth movement in the clear file, and to provide a moire clear file that can give an observer or a user a great impression. be able to.
Problems, configurations, and effects other than the above will be clarified by the description in the following modes for carrying out the invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an input image for which it is desired to generate moire fringes according to the present disclosure; FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing layer information according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing information about a moiré clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a basic pattern according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of opening/non-opening setting when transmittance is adopted as a characteristic value and rectangular wave-like transmittance values are obtained. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of opening/non-opening setting when a sinusoidal transmittance value is obtained by adopting transmittance as a characteristic value; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a basic pattern (first pattern) of a stripe pattern according to the present disclosure and a pattern (second pattern) in which the opening/non-opening ratio is changed; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an input image according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an image of phase shift amounts corresponding to phase shift amount coefficients according to the present disclosure; FIG. 10 shows changes in moiré fringe intensity with changes in phase shift factor according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the definition of moire fringe visibility regions according to the present disclosure; 9 illustrates moire fringes created for the input image shown in FIG. 8 in accordance with the present disclosure; 4 illustrates another example of an input image according to the present disclosure; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of moire fringes when the phase shift amount coefficient k monotonically changes according to the present disclosure; An example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k according to the present disclosure changes exponentially is shown. An example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k according to the present disclosure changes logarithmically is shown. An example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k according to the present disclosure changes trigonometrically is shown. An example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k according to the present disclosure changes stepwise is shown. An example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k according to the present disclosure changes in a composite function is shown. An example in which the phase shift coefficient k according to the present disclosure has noise is shown. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a moiré clear file according to the present disclosure as viewed from the side; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of moire fringe images and reference points of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a calculation example of a phase shift amount coefficient according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a configuration example of a moire clear file according to the present disclosure; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method of obtaining the pitch W from the thickness h of the base material of the moiré clear file according to the present disclosure; 4 is a flow chart for obtaining an output pattern as an image according to the present disclosure;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described below, and modifications such as design changes can be made based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Additional embodiments may also be included within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.

In the following, first, a clear file for displaying moire fringes and a method and method for generating a pattern for visualizing the moire fringes will be described.

<1 Input information>
1 to 4 are diagrams for explaining the outline of input information in a pattern generation system for visualizing moire fringes. Input information to the generation system includes characteristic values of the input image (FIG. 1), layer information (FIG. 2), information on the moiré clear file (FIG. 3), and basic pattern information (FIG. 4).

<1-1 Input image and feature values>
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of an input image for which moire fringes are to be generated. In the present disclosure, "input image" means image data to be moire-processed, such as a design pattern. In FIG. 1, in order to explain the input image in an easy-to-understand manner, a pattern consisting of three parts, a triangle, a circle, and a quadrangle, is used, and each part is shown with a sense of front and back. However, the input image is not limited to these, and any image may be used. Also, the input image may be either color or monochrome.

In the present disclosure, “characteristic values of an input image” are values of brightness, saturation, hue, density, transparency, lightness, chromaticity, grayscale level (grayscale value), etc. of an input image. These feature values may be indicated for each pattern of the input image, for each part, for each area, for each pixel (pixel), or for each block divided by several pixels. Furthermore, representative values such as the average value, median value, maximum value and minimum value for each area may be used.

<1-2 Layer information>
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing layer information by dividing the design pattern of FIG. 1 into layers.

In the present disclosure, “layer information” is information that specifies the pattern of the input image and the sense of front and back of parts. may indicate only the order of By using this layer information, it is possible to realize a clear sense of depth in moire fringes. In addition, this enhances the immersive feeling of the observer who sees the moire fringes.

FIG. 2 schematically shows three parts of a triangle, a circle, and a rectangle divided into three layers (1, 2, 3), but the number of layers is limited to three. It is not a thing, and the sense of distance before and after the layer may be continuous rather than discrete. In addition, the sense of distance in front of and behind the layer can be set so that it appears to protrude (float) from the moiré clear file toward the viewer when viewed from the viewer's side, or it can be set to the back side from the moire clear file. A setting that appears to be (sinking) is also possible.

<1-3 Information on moire clear file>
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing information about a moire clear file. In the present disclosure, "moire clear file" means a clear file in which moire fringes are visible.

For the moire clear file 4, an expression area 6 is provided on a first base material 7, and the size of the expression area, the thickness of the base material (also referred to as a "gap") 5, and the first base material 7 are configured. Information related to the moire clear file 4 includes information such as the refractive index of the material and the "visible distance" which is the distance from the average observer to the expression area. Since stereoscopic moiré is caused by the binocular parallax of the observer, information regarding the positional relationship between the observer and the substrate is required for calculating the parallax. Basically, when the height of the center of the expression region 6 and the eye level of the observer match, the distance between the observer and the substrate is the visible distance.

In addition, when the center of the expression region 6 and the height of the observer's eyes do not match, or when the height of the position where moire fringes occur does not match the height of the observer's eyes, the "visible distance ” can be corrected by the relationship between the moiré occurrence location and the position of the observer's eyes.

<1-4 Basic pattern information>
In the present disclosure, "basic pattern" means a periodic pattern or structure that is superimposed to generate moire.

FIG. 4 shows representative examples of basic patterns. The basic pattern is a linear pattern (FIG. 4(a)) as a unidirectional pattern, a grid pattern (FIG. 4(b)) as a bidirectional pattern, a check pattern (FIG. 4(c)), and the like. be. The basic pattern is not limited to these, and a unidirectional pattern may be a wavy pattern, a zigzag pattern, or a repetition of characters. In addition, as the bidirectional pattern, not only geometric patterns such as dots (polka dots), but also random patterns, characters, and the like can be used.

In the following description, the basic pattern may be referred to as a "first pattern", but the first pattern is not necessarily limited to the basic pattern described above, and may be a pattern on the far side in some cases. may

In the present disclosure, “basic pattern information” refers to basic pattern information such as pattern shape, line width, pitch, L/S (Line & Space) ratio, angle, aperture/non-aperture ratio for the basic pattern described above. means information indicating the shape and properties of

In addition, in the present disclosure, “characteristic value of pattern” refers to transmittance, reflectance, optical density, ink density, lightness, grayscale level (grayscale value), and the like. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the “opening/non-opening ratio” is a new concept that indicates the properties of the pattern, and is different from conventional information such as line width, pitch, and L/S (Line & Space) ratio. They are different. The "opening/non-opening ratio" will be described below.

<1-5 Opening/non-opening ratio>
The pattern is repeated at regular intervals. Therefore, the characteristic value of the pattern also changes periodically. With respect to the feature values of the pattern that change periodically in this manner, the portion where the value of the feature value is high in brightness or transparency in one cycle is defined as an opening portion, and the other portions are defined as a non-opening portion. Specifically, the opening may be a location where the characteristic value is equal to or greater than a certain value in one period. When determining the constant value, the average value or the median value of the feature values of the entire pattern may be used, or the maximum value and the minimum value may be normalized and the integrated ratio may be used.

Furthermore, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) may be used to determine aperture/non-aperture. In order to obtain the characteristic value of the pattern, the measured value from the pattern or the pixel value itself may be used, or the average value or median value of the surrounding pixels may be used.

Also, one or more specific regions in the pattern may be openings, non-openings, or regions that are neither openings nor non-openings, regardless of the above conditions. Here, the specific region is, for example, a pattern, character, or pattern that is intentionally provided for the purpose of design, or a region corresponding to dirt or missing pixels that may occur during manufacturing.

In the case of a linear pattern (FIG. 4(a)), which is a unidirectional pattern, the characteristic value is obtained using the pattern period in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the straight line, and the lattice pattern (FIG. 4(b) ), the feature value is obtained from the two directions in which the pattern appears periodically.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of opening/non-opening setting when transmittance is adopted as a feature value and rectangular wave transmittance values are obtained. In this example, the area showing the maximum transmittance is the opening, and the other area is the non-opening.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of opening/non-opening setting when a sinusoidal transmittance value is obtained by adopting transmittance as a characteristic value. In this example, the area where the transmittance value is equal to or higher than the average value is the opening, and the other area is the non-opening.

<1-6 Pitch>
In the present disclosure, the "pitch" mentioned above means the distance between the opening and the non-opening. This pitch may be measured, for example, between the centers of the opening and the non-opening, or between the boundaries of the opening and the non-opening. In other words, the pitch is the distance of one period in a pattern that repeats at regular intervals.

As will be described later, the pitch of the pattern affects how the moire fringes appear as the observer moves. As an example, when the pitch is fine (that is, the distance of one cycle is short), the moire fringes are emphasized and the apparent overlap is likely to change, so the effect of making the pattern look sunken (depth effect) is likely to be perceived. This change is also related to the relationship between the near side pattern and the far side pattern.

This pitch is, in principle, measured in the scanning direction of the pattern (that is, the direction in which openings and non-openings repeat). For example, when the pattern is a striped pattern, the pattern is repeated in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the straight lines are stretched, so the pitch is measured in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the straight lines are stretched.

Similarly, when openings and non-openings consist of curvilinear regions and a pattern is formed repeatedly, the pitch is measured in the repeating direction of the pattern (the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the curve). . Furthermore, in the case of a pattern in which openings and non-openings are repeated in a plurality of directions (for example, a check pattern), the pitch may be calculated in each direction or may be calculated in only one direction.

In the above description, the pitch in a regular pattern such as a stripe pattern or checkered pattern has been described as an example. stripes lined up in parallel), patterns with different regularity (e.g. unevenness caused by printing errors), patterns with inconsistent pitch (e.g. when pitch fluctuates within a pattern), patterns with different colors, etc. good too. If the pitch, angle, color, etc. are different in the same image, the pitch may be calculated for each component (layer, region, etc.) of the image.

Moreover, even if the pitch is the same, the direction in which the pattern extends (for example, the straight direction in the case of a stripe pattern) may affect the appearance of moire. For example, depending on the angle of the pattern, the speed at which the moiré changes may vary with respect to the direction in which the observer moves.

As a specific example of this phenomenon, for example, in the case of a pattern in which stripes are arranged vertically and in the case of a pattern in which stripes are arranged obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, even if the pitch is the same, the observer will not be able to see the difference between these patterns. When moving left and right with respect to the pattern, the change in the appearance of the moiré fringes is greater in the moiré fringes in the pattern in which the stripes are arranged in a direction of 45 degrees than in the pattern in which the stripes are arranged vertically. can be felt to be slow.

This is because when the patterns are scanned in the visual recognition direction of the observer, the pitch of the patterns arranged at 45 degrees is artificially wider than that of the patterns arranged vertically. Therefore, by adjusting the stretching direction of the pattern, it is possible to control the speed at which the moire fringes change with respect to the movement of the observer, and to enhance the moire design.

<2 Output pattern>
The moire visualizing pattern of the pattern generation system of the present invention consists of two types of patterns, a first pattern (front side) and a second pattern (back side).
The moire visualizing pattern for visualizing the moire fringes is based on the premise that the first pattern and the second pattern are superimposed, and the one closer to the observer is the near side, and the farther from the observer is the back side. It is called a side pattern.

<3 Characteristics of moire appearance>
The pitch of the first pattern (front side) and the second pattern (back side), the opening/non-opening ratio are different, and the difference between the first pattern (front side) and the second pattern (back side) Due to the presence of a gap (thickness of the base material), the moiré has the following effects in combination.

<3-1 Moire Intensity>
Moire intensity tends to occur more strongly as the opening/non-opening ratios of the first pattern (front side) and the second pattern (back side) are closer to 1.

<3-2 Appearance Density>
In the present disclosure, "appearance density" means the degree of apparent density due to the difference in the opening/non-opening ratio between the first pattern (front side) and the first pattern (back side). . Then, the pattern and moire tend to appear brighter as the opening/non-opening ratio of the pattern increases.

<3-3 Moiré change amount>
Since the first pattern (on the near side) and the second pattern (on the far side) overlap with each other with a gap interposed therebetween, the moiré phase differs depending on the position (angle) of the observer. At this time, the higher the opening/non-opening ratio, the easier it is for the moiré to remain bright, and the lower the opening/non-opening ratio, the easier it is for the moire to remain dark (that is, it tends to change less). Also, there is a tendency that the closer the opening/non-opening ratio is to 1, the larger the amount of change in moire.

<4 Evaluation of moire appearance>
When evaluating the appearance of moire, the above effects and the like are observed in a composite manner. In addition to these effects, moire appearance characteristics can also be evaluated from the viewpoint of "moire resistance," which is the extent to which moire fringes can be seen even when the viewing distance is longer than expected. There is

In the present invention, the appearance of moire is evaluated by paying attention to the ratio of openings to non-openings of the pattern, and the suitability for using moire as a design is comprehensively judged. Concrete judgment levels are divided into a comparative method and graded evaluation such as 3 grades (○△×, etc.).
In addition to the comprehensive evaluation, additional evaluations such as moire fringe brightness and moire fringe mobility may be performed separately (depending on the design you want to express, what is important depends on the design. (May or may not do).

Further, in the present invention, when generating the first pattern (front side) and the second pattern (back side) from the input image, the opening/non-opening ratio is determined with reference to the result of the appearance evaluation. You have to choose.
In general, the appearance of moire and the like varies depending on the pattern used, the composition of the image, the viewing environment, and other conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to evaluate each specific attribute in addition to the overall appearance evaluation. Therefore, in this disclosure, the following attributes are also evaluated.

<4-1 Moire fringe intensity>
"Moire fringe brightness" means evaluation of apparent brightness (brightness and darkness) in moire appearance. The moire fringe brightness differs mainly due to the multiple effects of moire intensity and appearance density. The evaluation is carried out by a comparative method or by a graded evaluation such as 11 grades (dark: -5, -4, ..., 4, 5: light).

<4-2 Moire fringe mobility>
"Moire fringe mobility" means an evaluation of movement and flickering of moire fringes in moire appearance. The difference is mainly due to the multiple effects of moire intensity and moire movement amount. The evaluation is carried out by a comparative method or by a graded evaluation such as 6 grades (small: 0, 1, ..., 4, 5: large).

<5 Modes of Generating Moire Visualization Patterns>
In the following, the case of using a stripe pattern will be taken as an example, and a method and system for generating a moire visualizing pattern according to an input image according to the embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, a pattern is generated in which the moire fringes appear to move as the observer moves.
In this embodiment, the phase of the second pattern is changed with respect to the first pattern in order to give motion to the moire fringes.

<5-1 Basic pattern and change pattern>
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a basic pattern (first pattern) of the stripe pattern used in this embodiment and a pattern (second pattern) in which the opening/non-opening ratio is changed.
The basic pattern (a) (first pattern) has an opening/non-opening ratio of 1.0, and the patterns (b) to (g) each have an opening/non-opening ratio of 1.0. A pattern (second pattern) that varies from 5 to 9.0 is shown.

<5-2 Example of input image>
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an input image in this embodiment. The input image in FIG. 8 has the center of the concentric circles as a reference point, and has a radial gradation. Note that the reference point may be set at a point other than the center. This gradation becomes the feature value of the input image. A black portion of the input image with low luminance has a small amount of phase shift, and a white portion of the input image with high luminance has a large amount of phase shift. The amount of phase shift is continuous between the black portion and the white portion. Then, when the overlap of the first pattern and the second pattern moves, the moire fringes appear to move in the radial direction.

<5-3 Selection of pattern phase shift amount according to feature value of input image>
As a procedure for generating a moire visualizing pattern, first, 1) a region where the pattern phase shift amount is to be changed is determined, and then 2) the pattern phase shift amount is set according to the characteristic value of the pattern. The amount of phase shift is the amount of change in the phase of the second pattern with respect to the first pattern, and in this embodiment, the amount of phase shift adjusts the grayscale luminance such that it varies continuously in at least one region. use and ask. Here, "continuously changing" means that it can be represented by a continuous function in at least one section. A continuous function means a function that is not necessarily continuous but varies with a certain tendency while being discrete. Examples of continuous functions are provided below.

1) The simplest way to determine the area for changing the phase shift amount of the pattern is to determine the area according to the contour of the input image. 4 may be set as appropriate according to the situation of using.
In addition, in this embodiment, in order to simplify the explanation, as shown in FIG. 8, a quadrangle is defined as an area for changing the phase shift amount.
Next, 2) when setting the phase shift amount of the pattern according to the feature value of the pattern, it is selected within the region based on the distance from the reference point in the direction perpendicular to the moire fringes.

ここで、αはストライプの角度、Pはストライプのピッチである。 <5-4 Phase shift amount>
In this embodiment, a reference point is set, and in the coordinates centered on the reference point, when the coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the moiré fringes is x and the coordinate perpendicular to x is y, the moiré intensity R of the first pattern is satisfies the following formula (1).

where α is the stripe angle and P is the stripe pitch.

ここで、αはストライプの角度、Pはストライプのピッチである。 Also, the moiré intensity B of the second pattern satisfies the following formula (2).

where α is the stripe angle and P is the stripe pitch.

ここで、αはストライプの角度、Pはストライプのピッチ、kは位相移動量係数である。 The second pattern is out of phase with the first pattern by PH(x,y) in cos in equation (2). A phase shift amount PH indicating this phase shift satisfies the following equation (3).

where α is the stripe angle, P is the stripe pitch, and k is the phase shift coefficient.

From Equation (3), the moire situation can be known from the phase shift amount coefficient k, as shown in Table 1 below.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an image of the phase shift amount corresponding to the phase shift amount coefficient. FIG. 9 shows the contents of Table 1 in a drawing. In FIG. 9, the phase of the near side pattern is shifted with respect to the far side pattern. Frontal viewing conditions correspond to grayscale levels.

<5-5 Change in Phase Shift Amount Coefficient>
FIG. 10 shows changes in moire fringe brightness with respect to changes in the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment. FIG. 10(a) shows the relationship between the position in the direction perpendicular to the moiré fringes and the value of the phase shift coefficient k, and FIG. 10(b) shows the position in the direction perpendicular to the moiré fringes and the luminance shows the relationship between

The origin 0 is a reference point that serves as a reference for determining the amount of phase shift, and corresponds to the center point of the input image in this embodiment. The direction perpendicular to the moire fringes is the direction in which the phase shift amount changes with the reference point as the origin, and is the direction perpendicular to the stripes.

As shown in FIG. 10(a), when the direction perpendicular to the moire fringes is x and the phase shift coefficient is k, the phase shift coefficient of this embodiment can be expressed as k=ax+b. When the phase shift amount coefficient k increases linearly, the brightness of the moire fringes changes periodically as shown in FIG. 10(b).

In this embodiment, since the input image is concentric, if the reference point is set at the center of the concentric circles, the phase shift amount will be the same in any radial direction, but the phase shift amount may differ depending on the direction. .

<5-6 Definition of Visible Area>
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the definition of the moire fringe visual recognition area in this embodiment.
FIG. 11(a) shows the relationship between the observer of this embodiment and the first and second patterns. FIG. 11(b) shows calculation of the basic visual recognition area in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 11(a), in this embodiment, when the observer moves, the apparent overlap between the first pattern and the second pattern shifts, and the moire fringes move. Here, in order to set the phase shift amounts of the first pattern and the second pattern, it is necessary to define the visual recognition area observed by the observer.

First, a reference point is set, and an area of the second pattern that can be seen through the first pattern when observed between angles 1 and 2 with respect to the reference point is set as a basic visible area. The angles 1 and 2 in this embodiment are set such that the front faces of the first pattern and the second pattern are 0 degrees, the angle 1 is 45 degrees, and the angle 2 is -45 degrees. Angles 1 and 2 are angles in a direction perpendicular to the stripe pattern.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 11(b), the basic visual recognition area is the isosceles right triangle in relation to the installation distance and angle between the first pattern and the second pattern. The installation distance between the first pattern and the second pattern is multiplied by two. The viewing area is defined as this basic viewing area multiplied by the pitch of the first pattern.

<5-7 Gradient of Phase Shift Amount Coefficient>
In the visible area in the direction perpendicular to the moire fringes, it is necessary to set a and b when obtaining the phase shift amount coefficient k=ax+b. When a satisfies 0<a≦20, movement of moire fringes can be felt. Preferably, 0.01≦a≦8 is satisfied. Note that b can be any value.
However, when generating moire fringes in the clear file, the value of a is preferably 0.01<a≦8.

<5-8 Moire fringes>
FIG. 12 shows moire fringes created for the input image shown in FIG.
When an input image in which gradations are formed radially from a reference point as shown in FIG. 8 is input, a first pattern and a second pattern are formed. When the first pattern and the second pattern are placed with a predetermined distance therebetween and observed within the visual recognition area, concentric moire fringes are formed around the reference point as shown in FIG. The moiré fringes are continuously formed, and it seems that the moiré fringes move as the observer moves.

<6-1 Other input image examples>
FIG. 13 shows an example of another input image. FIG. 13(a) is an example of applying gradation to the left and right, FIG. 13(b) is an example of applying gradation to the left and right sides from the center, and FIG. 13(c) is an example of forming a plurality of gradation areas radially. indicates

In the example of FIG. 13A, moire fringes appear to move from left to right or from right to left, similar to the direction of gradation. In the example of FIG. 13B, moire fringes appear to move from the center to the left and right, or from the left and right to the center, in the same way as the gradation direction. In the example of FIG. 13(c), moire fringes appear to move within each region in which the gradation is formed.

<6-2 Phase Shift Amount Coefficient and Moire Movement>
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of moire fringes when the phase shift amount coefficient k in this embodiment changes monotonously. FIG. 14(a) shows moire fringes when the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes monotonically. FIG. 14(b) shows the movement of moire fringes when the phase shift amount coefficient k in this embodiment changes monotonically.

In the example shown in FIG. 14, moire fringes are continuously formed around the image "PUSH". As shown in FIG. 10(a), when the phase shift amount coefficient monotonically increases or decreases with k=ax+b, etc., the moire fringes appear at regular intervals as shown in FIG. 14(a). It is formed. By forming moire fringes in this way, the image can be effectively enhanced.

When the observer moves, the moire fringes appear to move in the direction of arrow m01 or arrow m02, as shown in FIG. 14(b). The direction in which the moire fringes move changes depending on the direction in which the observer moves. The motion of the moire fringes emphasizes the central image "PUSH" and attracts the viewer's attention. Note that the center position of the moire fringes can be changed.

<6-3 Changes in Other Phase Shift Amount Coefficients>
FIG. 15 shows an example in which the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes exponentially. FIG. 15(a) shows changes in moire fringe luminance when the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes exponentially. FIG. 15(b) shows the movement of moire fringes.

The phase shift coefficient k may change with an exponential function k=ae ^cx +b, as shown in FIG. 15(a). The moire fringes shown in FIG. 14 move monotonously and have little sharpness. On the other hand, when the phase shift coefficient k is changed by the exponential function k=ae ^cx +b shown in FIG. 15(a), the moire fringes are determined by the exponential function are formed at different intervals. When the observer moves, the moire fringes will move slowly. Therefore, the observer can feel the movement of moire fringes more strongly.

Also, an exponential change in the phase shift amount coefficient k can bring about a visual effect depending on the position forming moire fringes and the positional relationship with other images. For example, as shown in FIG. 15(b), an exponential change in the phase shift amount coefficient k in the contour portion of the figure can also bring about visual effects such as embossing.

When the exponential function k=ae ^cx +b satisfies 0<a and 0<c, the movement of moire fringes can be felt strongly. Preferably, when 1≦a≦50 and 0.001≦c≦3 are satisfied, movement of moire fringes can be felt more strongly. Note that b can be any value.

FIG. 16 shows an example in which the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes logarithmically. FIG. 16(a) shows changes in moire fringe brightness when the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes logarithmically. FIG. 16(b) shows the movement of moire fringes.

The phase shift coefficient k may vary with a logarithmic function k=log _a (c(x+1))+b, as shown in FIG. 16(a). When the phase shift coefficient k is changed by the logarithmic function k=log _a (c(x+1))+b shown in FIG. 16(a), as shown in FIG. formed at different intervals determined by the function. When the observer moves, the moire fringes will move slowly. Therefore, the observer can feel the movement of moire fringes more strongly.

Also, the logarithmic change of the phase shift amount coefficient k can bring about a visual effect depending on the position forming the moire fringes and the positional relationship with other images. For example, as shown in FIG. 16(b), a logarithmic change in the phase shift amount coefficient k in the contour portion of the figure can also bring about visual effects such as embossing.

When the logarithmic function k=log _a (c(x+1))+b is 1<a and 0<c, the movement of moire fringes can be felt strongly. Preferably, when 1<a≦10 ⁵ and 1≦c≦10 ¹⁰ are satisfied, the movement of moire fringes can be felt more strongly. Note that b can be any value.

FIG. 17 shows an example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k of this embodiment changes trigonometrically. FIG. 17(a) shows changes in moire fringe brightness when the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes trigonometrically. FIG. 17(b) shows the movement of moire fringes.

The phase shift coefficient k may change with a trigonometric function k=asin(cx)+b, as shown in FIG. 17(a). When the phase shift coefficient k is changed by the trigonometric function k=asin(x)+b shown in FIG. 17(a), as shown in FIG. formed by When the observer moves, the moire fringes move so as to turn around near the phase shift amount k=0. Therefore, the observer can effectively feel the movement of the complex moire fringes. In addition, it is possible to smoothly connect the movement of the moire fringes at the folded portion.

Also, the trigonometric change of the phase shift amount coefficient k can bring about a visual effect depending on the position forming the moire fringes and the positional relationship with other images. For example, as shown in FIG. 17(b), a trigonometric change in the phase shift amount coefficient k in the contour portion of the figure can also bring about visual effects such as embossing.

When the trigonometric function k=asin(cx)+b satisfies 0<a and 0<c, the movement of moire fringes can be felt strongly. Preferably, when 1≦a≦20 and 1≦c≦3 are satisfied, movement of moire fringes can be felt more strongly. Note that b can be any value. Furthermore, although a sine wave is used in this embodiment, a cosine wave k=acos(cx)+b may also be used.

FIG. 18 shows an example in which the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment changes stepwise.

The phase shift coefficient k may change with a step function as shown in FIG. The step function shown in FIG. 18 increases stepwise within the viewing area. The step function may be stepwise decreasing or stepwise increasing or decreasing within the viewing area. When the observer moves, the moire fringes move jerkily. Therefore, the observer can effectively feel the movement of the moire fringes although it is unnatural.

FIG. 19 shows an example in which the phase shift amount coefficient k of this embodiment changes like a composite function.

The phase shift coefficient k may vary with a composite function k=x*sin(x), as shown in FIG. The composite function k=x*sin(x) shown in FIG. 19 smoothly increases and decreases within the viewing area. If the observer moves, the moire fringes will move smoothly and irregularly. Therefore, the observer can effectively feel the movement of moire fringes.

FIG. 20 shows an example in which the phase shift coefficient k of this embodiment has noise. FIG. 20(a) shows changes in moire fringe brightness when the phase shift coefficient k(x) of this embodiment has noise. FIG. 20(b) shows the error between the phase shift amount coefficient k(x) and the approximation function k'(x).

For the phase shift amount coefficient k, as shown in FIG. 20(a), an actually measured value or the like with noise may be used. In this case, the phase shift amount coefficient actual value k(x) may be represented by an approximation function k'(x). The approximation method may be linear approximation, polynomial approximation, logarithmic approximation, exponential approximation, or the like. It may be obtained by the method of least squares or the like. The difference Δk between the phase shift amount coefficient actual value k(x) and the approximation function k′(x) is preferably within ±2. By doing so, the motion of the moire can be made to feel natural without any sense of incongruity. Furthermore, when Δk is set to ±1 or less, the movement of moire fringes can be made more elegant.
Incidentally, as the phase shift amount coefficient k, continuous measured values may be used as they are.

<7 Embodiment of the present invention in clear file>
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a moire clear file. A moiré clear file having expression regions 6 in the base material as shown in FIG. 21 was manufactured as follows.

First, as a base material, a commercially available transparent clear file (thickness: 0.2 [mm], material: PP) was prepared in the embodiment of the present disclosure. A transparent clear file is made by folding a transparent PP sheet or by fixing two (or more) sheets at one or more sides. A UV inkjet printer (Roland DG VersaUV LEF-12) was used to form a first pattern and a second pattern on the first base material 7 in order to generate moire fringes in the expression area 6 illustrated in FIG. , formed on the front side sheet and the back side sheet of the transparent clear file. This pattern design method will be described below.

First, as basic pattern information, the shape of the pattern was a stripe pattern (parallel line pattern) with a pitch of 0.35 mm and an angle of 90 degrees. Further, when the feature value of the pattern is assumed to be the ink density, the opening/non-opening ratio is set to 1. The first pattern and the second pattern were composed of 0% to 100% K (black) ink. The higher ink concentration corresponds to the non-opening portion, and the lower ink concentration corresponds to the opening portion.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a state viewed from the side of the clear file. The first pattern 11 is arranged on the outermost surface of the first substrate 7 and the second pattern 12 is arranged on the outermost surface of the second substrate 8 . For the sake of convenience, the uppermost surface and the rearmost surface are explained, but moire fringes appear in the expression area 6 whether this moire clear file is observed from the first pattern side or from the second pattern side.
The clear file may be formed into the first base material 7 and the second base material 8 by folding one continuous base material, as in the example of FIG. 22 . Alternatively, the first base material 7 and the second base material 8 may be formed by bonding two separate base materials.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an image of moire fringes in a moire clear file and a configuration example of reference points. First, when manufacturing a moire clear file, a design and reference points are determined. Here, a design in which star-shaped moire fringes move radially (moves in and out of the reference point) and the reference point is set in the expression area 6 will be described.

In this embodiment, the distance between the first pattern and the second pattern is the thickness of the clear file, so 0.2 mm×2=0.4 mm. The basic viewing area is therefore 0.4×2=0.8 mm. The visual recognition area is 0.28 mm, which is the first pattern pitch of 0.35 mm×the basic visual recognition area of 0.8 mm. A phase shift amount of the second pattern is determined for this visible region.
Since this design is star-shaped, the distance from the reference point to the star-shaped outline varies depending on the direction. As a result, the number of moire fringes included in the distance from the reference point to the end of the expression area 6 also changes according to the direction from the reference point. For this reason, in order for the moiré fringes to move smoothly along the star shape, it is necessary to vary the amount of phase shift of the moiré fringes in each direction.

であるから、このときのk=axにおけるaの算出は、
a=(3/2)/72.8=0.0206となる。
そして、同様に、Ｌ方向においては、以下の式（４）及び式（６）の２つの条件を満たすことが必要となる。
基準点である０ｍｍ地点で、
PH(x,y)=0 (4)
端部である７２．８ｍｍ地点で、
PH(x,y)=5π((xcosα+ysinα)/P) (6)
そして、Ｒ方向の場合と同様に、aの算出は、
a=(5/2)/77.4=0.0323
となる。 A method of calculating the phase shift amount coefficient a in such a case will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the reference point in FIG. 23, showing a calculation example of the phase shift amount coefficient according to this embodiment.
1.5 moire fringes are present between the reference point and the end of the representation area 6, 72.8 mm, in the R direction, which is the direction in which the distance from the reference point to the star-shaped outline is the longest. In addition, in the L direction, which is the direction in which the distance from the reference point to the star-shaped outline is the shortest, 2.5 moire fringes exist between the reference point and the edge of the expression area 6, which is 77.4 mm. .
Therefore, in the R direction, it is necessary to satisfy the following two conditions of Expressions (4) and (5).
At the 0 mm point, which is the reference point,
PH(x,y)=0 (4)
At the 72.8 mm point, which is the end,
PH(x,y)=3π((xcosα+ysinα)/P) (5)
On the other hand, in Equation 3

Therefore, the calculation of a at k=ax at this time is
a=(3/2)/72.8=0.0206.
Similarly, in the L direction, it is necessary to satisfy the following two conditions of Expressions (4) and (6).
At the 0 mm point, which is the reference point,
PH(x,y)=0 (4)
At the 72.8 mm point, which is the end,
PH(x,y)=5π((xcosα+ysinα)/P) (6)
Then, as in the case of the R direction, the calculation of a is
a=(5/2)/77.4=0.0323
becomes.

From these facts, in FIG. 23, when the center of the star is taken as the reference point, k=0.021 [mm]x in the R direction, which is the direction in which the distance from the reference point to the outline of the star is the longest, and the reference point In the L direction, which is the direction in which the distance from the point to the star-shaped contour is the shortest, k = 0.032 [mm]x, and in the range where the distance from the reference point to the star-shaped contour is in between these The phase shift amount coefficient a should be determined so as to fall within the range (both b=0).
In the case of moving moire, the value of a is 0<a≦20, more preferably 0.5<a≦8, as described above. However, in clear files, the value of a is preferably 0.01<a≦8.

Since the purpose of this design is to create a star-shaped radial moire within the expression area 6, not only the visible area near the reference point, but also the edges of the expression area 6 are set in each direction from the reference point. A phase shift factor was applied. Then, when the first pattern and the second pattern created by this are printed on the clear file by the printing machine, when the second pattern is visually recognized through the first pattern, the intended star shape is obtained. Moire fringes could be visually recognized.
In addition, when the clear file is moved, the moire fringes appear to move at regular intervals within the expression area due to the overlap deviation of the first pattern and the second pattern. It was confirmed that the eye-catching property was high.

The distance between the first pattern and the second pattern, that is, the thickness of the clear file is 0.2 mm×2=0.4 mm. On the other hand, the pitch of the basic pattern is 0.35 mm, which is close to the thickness of the clear file. When the first pattern is viewed from the front, the angle is 0 degrees, and when the focus is on the second pattern through the first pattern, the viewpoint is about 41 degrees perpendicular to the extending direction of the basic pattern with respect to the sample. If the pattern is tilted by .2 degrees, the overlapping deviation of the first pattern and the second pattern occurs for one period of the basic pattern. That is, it was confirmed that the movement of the moire fringes was as designed.

<7-1 Configuration example of moire file>
Next, FIGS. 25 to 28 show cross sections of configuration examples of moire clear files. There are various variations in the configuration of the base material and the pattern. For example, as shown in FIG. It may be provided on (the side in contact with the first base material 7).

Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 26A, 26B, and 26C, the base material is folded multiple times to provide a first base material 7 and a second base material 8. The first pattern and the second pattern may be arranged so as to partially overlap.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 27, a small first base material 7 may be folded from both sides of one large base material so as to be in contact with a second base material 8 which is a large base material.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 28, a base material different from the base material on which the first pattern and the second pattern are formed may be used as a third base material 9, and the third pattern 13 may be arranged on the surface thereof. . By doing so, it is also possible to sandwich the base material on which the third pattern 13 is arranged between the first pattern 11 and the second pattern 12, and to generate moire between the first pattern 11 and the third pattern 13. can. The same applies to the second pattern 12 and the third pattern 13, and the first pattern 11, the second pattern 12, and the third pattern 13 may cause moire.

As shown in FIG. 29, the fourth pattern 14 may be arranged on the surface of the third base material 9 described in FIG. 28 opposite to the surface on which the third pattern 13 is arranged.
In this case, it is possible to generate moire fringes by the first pattern 11 and the third pattern 13 and moire fringes by the second pattern 12 and the fourth pattern 14 at the same time. 14, a combination of the second pattern 12 and the third pattern 13 may of course be used).

The base material on the front side for generating moire fringes may be a translucent base material, and may be translucent. As long as the first pattern 11 and the second pattern 12 can be superimposed and visually recognized, regions other than the main portions of the patterns may be opaque. Alternatively, only certain areas of the first pattern 11 may be transparent or translucent, and the second pattern 12 may be placed on an opaque substrate. The relationship between the first pattern and the second pattern may be reversed.

<7-2 Pattern printing>
When the pattern is formed by printing, general inks such as water-based and oil-based inks may be used. Furthermore, a pattern may be formed on a substrate using a resin.

When a pattern is formed using ink, the ink transmittance is preferably 70% or less. If the ink transmittance exceeds 70%, the moire becomes inconspicuous, so the ink transmittance is preferably 0% or more and 30% or less. In particular, when the ink transmittance is 30% or less, when used as a clear file, it is possible to give the effect of concealing the sandwiched document.

When a pattern is formed using ink, the pattern formed by the ink may be raised. In that case, the height of the raised portion is preferably 0.5 mm or less. When the ink surface is arranged on the inner side of the sandwiched base material, the presence of such a raised part promotes the friction of the sandwiched base material, and when used as a clear file, documents can be smoothly taken in and out.

<7-3 Base material>
The substrate is preferably transparent, such as PET, PP, PC, PVC, cellophane, tracing paper, etc., and the most preferable material is PET. The material of these substrates may be soft or hard.

As for the transmittance of the base material, the transmittance of at least one base material is preferably 70% or more. Preferably, it is 80% or more. If at least one of the substrates is transparent, the transmittance of the combined substrates may be 70% or less.

The refractive index of the substrate is preferably less than 1.7. A range of 1.5 to 1.65 is preferable.

The thickness of at least one substrate is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm. 0.2 to 0.4 mm is preferable. As long as at least one substrate satisfies this requirement, there is no limitation on the thickness of the substrates to be combined.

At least one substrate should have a haze of less than 55. Less than 35 is preferable. As long as at least one sheet satisfies this requirement, there is no restriction on the haze of the base materials to be combined.

The third base material 9 sandwiched between the first base material 7 and the second base material 8 does not necessarily have to be transparent. In the case of a transparent file, the third and fourth patterns are arranged on both sides of the sandwiched third base material 9 to create a clear file with a higher design.

<7-4 Patterns>
In the present disclosure, a pattern means a highly repetitive general-purpose pattern consisting of locations with low opacity (openings) and locations with high opacity (non-openings). General-purpose patterns mean stripes, grids, dots, and the like.

In the present disclosure, the "pitch" mentioned above means the distance between the opening and the non-opening. This pitch may be measured, for example, between the centers of the opening and the non-opening, or between the boundaries of the opening and the non-opening. In other words, the pitch is the distance of one period in a pattern that repeats at regular intervals.

Next, referring to FIG. 30, a method of obtaining the pitch W from the total thickness h of the substrate will be described. FIG. 30 schematically shows a first substrate 7 and a second substrate 8 composed of folded substrates, and a first pattern 11 and a second pattern 12 arranged on the respective surfaces. is a cross-sectional view. When the sum of the thicknesses of the first base material 7 and the second base material 8 is h, the pitch is W, and the viewing angle is Ti, the following formula (7) holds (strictly speaking, the refractive index of the film However, the thickness of the clear file has a small effect, so it can be omitted).
Pitch W = base material thickness h x tan (Ti) (7)
Here, it is preferable that the viewing angle of the sample is in the range of 1 to 80 degrees. Also, preferably, the viewing angle is 15 to 75 degrees. More preferably, the viewing angle is 45 degrees.

Therefore, when h is the thickness of the substrate and W is the pitch, the pitch W is preferably within the range of the following formula (8).
0.02h ≤ W ≤ 5.67h (8)
Moreover, it is preferable that the range is within the following formula (9).
0.27h ≤ W ≤ 3.73h (9)
More preferably, the following formula (10) is satisfied.
W = h (10)

Although the embodiments for carrying out the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such configurations. Within the scope of the invented technical idea of the claims, those skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications and modifications, and these modifications and modifications are also within the technical scope of the present invention. be understood to belong to

<8 Method for Generating Pattern Visualizing Moiré Fringes>
FIG. 31 is an example of a simple flowchart for obtaining an output pattern from an image. However, the order of input information (input of information such as layers) is not limited to that described in this flow chart.

First, in step 101, input image data is read. As shown in FIG. 1, an image for which moire fringes are to be generated is read as an input image. In this embodiment, the input image shown in FIG. 8 is read as data. Here, the input image refers to image data to be moire-processed, such as a design pattern. This input image may be, for example, an image selected by a user or an image transmitted from a remote external device. Next, in step 102, feature values of the input image are extracted. In this embodiment, the gradation of the input image shown in FIG. 8 is used as the feature value.

Next, in step 103, layer information is input. The layer information, as shown in FIG. 2, is information that designates the front and back of the design of the input image. The number of layers may be one or more.

Next, in step 104, moiré clear file information is input. Here, the specific structure of the moiré clear file 4 as shown in FIG. 3 is input. In this embodiment, the distance between the first pattern 11 and the second pattern 12, the viewing angle, and the like are input as moire clear file information for the moire clear file 4 shown in FIG.

Next, in step 105, basic pattern information is input. The basic pattern may be the stripe pattern shown in FIG. Next, step 106 sets the aperture/non-aperture ratio. The opening/non-opening ratio may be set with reference to the opening/non-opening ratio of the stripe pattern shown in FIG.

Next, in step 107, the amount of phase shift is set. In this embodiment, the second pattern is shifted by the amount shown by Equation (3) with respect to the basic first pattern. Also, in this embodiment, the phase shift amount coefficient k in Equation (3) may be represented by a function. The function may be a continuous function, a step function, an approximation function, etc., as shown in FIGS. 10, 15-20.

Next, at step 108, the pitch ratio is set. Pitch ratios are generated in depth divisions for each layer. If there is only one layer, there is no ratio setting.

In steps 103 to 108, moire information specifying the conditions of the moire visualizing pattern is set. The moire information includes information about the order of layers included in the input image (for example, the number of layers, the order of layers, etc.), information about the basic configuration of the moire visualization pattern, and the overall (expressed in pixels or distance) At least one of size information, gradation information, and the like may be included. Here, the information about the basic configuration of the moire visualizing pattern includes, for example, the shape of the moire visualizing pattern (stripe, grid, etc.), the direction of the lines (vertical, oblique), the pitch, the desired depth (each How much depth to generate the moire of the layer), how to use the moire pattern (material of the plate to be attached, thickness, observation distance), and the amount of phase shift of the pattern, etc. should include at least

Next, at step 109, the first pattern is output. The first pattern is generated based on the input image extracted in steps 101 and 102 and the moiré information specifying the conditions of the moiré visualizing pattern set in steps 103-108.

Next, at step 110, a second pattern is output. The second pattern is a region having at least one reference point with respect to the first pattern, and the phase continuously changes from the reference point with respect to the first pattern.

In this way, by inputting the input image and the moire information specifying the conditions of the moire visualization pattern and generating the first pattern and the second pattern, it is possible to visualize moire fringes that give a sense of movement. can be done.

Further, it goes without saying that various changes can be made to the setting of the phase shift amount, the pitch ratio, the aperture/non-aperture ratio, etc. described above. The amount of phase shift may also be called the amount of phase variation.

Although the best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, and the present invention is not intended to be It can also include all embodiments that provide equivalent results. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the features of the invention defined by the claims, but includes each and every feature disclosed, and any combination of the features. .

Terms used in the present disclosure and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., in the appended claim text) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "having" is , should be interpreted as "having at least" and the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.).

Also, when interpreting terms, configurations, features, aspects, and embodiments, reference should be made to the drawings as necessary. Matters that can be directly and unambiguously derived from drawings should serve as grounds for amendment in the same way as text.

Moreover, where a particular number of introduced claim recitations are intended, such intentions are expressly recited in the claims; in the absence of such recitations, no such intention exists. For example, to aid understanding, the following appended claims contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations.

However, use of such phrases indicates that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such claim to embodiments containing only one such recitation. should not be construed to mean that Initial phrases of "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an") are defined as at least "at least one" or " should be construed to mean "one or more". The same is true for the use of distinct words used to introduce claim recitations.

1: Layer 2: Layer 3: Layer 4: Moire clear file 5: Base material thickness 6: Expression area 7: First base material 8: Second base material 9: Third base material 11: First Pattern 12: Second pattern 13: Third pattern 14: Fourth pattern

Claims (12)

a first pattern disposed on a first substrate having optical transparency;
disposed on a second substrate at a position spaced apart from the first pattern by a predetermined distance and superimposed on the first pattern in at least a partial area; a second pattern whose phase changes continuously;
and a moire clear file capable of generating a moire pattern by the first pattern and the second pattern. 2. A moire clear file according to claim 1, wherein the phase of said second pattern varies according to a function in at least one section. 3. A moiré clear file according to claim 2, wherein the phase of said second pattern varies in at least one section according to a trigonometric function. When a reference point is set and the coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the moire fringes is x and the coordinate perpendicular to x is y in the coordinates centered on the reference point,
The moire intensity R of the first pattern satisfies the following formula (1),
The moire intensity B of the second pattern satisfies the following formula (2),
4. The moire clear file according to claim 3, wherein the phase shift amount PH representing the phase change of the second pattern with respect to the first pattern satisfies the following formula (3).

where α is the stripe angle, P is the stripe pitch, and k is the phase shift coefficient. 5. A moire clear file according to claim 4, wherein the phase shift coefficient k is expressed as a function. 6. A moire clear file according to claim 5, wherein said phase shift coefficient k varies continuously. The phase shift coefficient k satisfies k=ax+b,
7. A moire clear file according to claim 5 or 6, wherein 0<a≤20 and b=0. 8. A moire clear file according to claim 5, wherein said phase shift amount coefficient k changes radially from said reference point. 9. A moire clear file according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein there are a plurality of said reference points. The base material constituting the moiré clear file is formed by folding one continuous base material to form a first base material and a second base material,
When the total thickness of the first base material and the second base material is h, and the pitch is W, the total thickness h and the pitch W satisfy the following formula (8):
Moire clear file according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
0.02h ≤ W ≤ 5.67h (8) disposing a second substrate on which a third pattern is arranged between the first pattern and the second pattern, which are overlapped at least partially;
11. The moire clear file according to claim 10, wherein a moire pattern is generated by said first pattern and said third pattern and/or said second pattern and said third pattern. A fourth pattern is formed on the surface of the second substrate opposite to the surface on which the third pattern is arranged,
12. The moire clear file according to claim 11, wherein a moire pattern is generated by said first pattern and said third pattern, and said second pattern and said fourth pattern.

Images