JP2023054536A - Skin material including composite yarn - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a skin material for a seat of a vehicle, furniture or the like and an interior material or the like of the vehicle, which exhibits high designability having moire appearance by constituting a surface layer knitted fabric by composite yarn formed of at least two types of different color yarns and can suppress a single yarn of the composite yarn from being pulled out or scuffing even if a hard protrusion such as hook portion of a hook-and-loop fastener rubs against the surface.SOLUTION: A skin material includes a cubic knitted fabric consisting of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connection yarn for connecting the surface layer knitted fabric and the back layer knitted fabric. At least 30% of stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric are formed of a composite yarn including at least two types of different yarns. Single fiber bundle component M of the stitches formed of the composite yarn is 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a skin material.

Conventionally, a three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of a knitted fabric with two layers on the front and back and a connecting yarn that connects the two layers of knitted fabric has a cushioning property in the thickness direction by using a monofilament for the connecting yarn, and furthermore, the front and back surfaces. The knitted fabric is made into a mesh structure to ensure high breathability, and is widely used as a cushioning material that is cool and highly resistant to stuffiness, such as seats and bedding.
On the other hand, when a three-dimensional knitted fabric is used as a seat for a vehicle or furniture, or as an upholstery material such as an interior material for a vehicle, the knitted fabric of the surface layer of the three-dimensional knitted fabric has various characteristics such as design, texture, moisture absorption and release, and thermal sensation. In response to the demand for such functions, it has been proposed to improve moisture absorption and release and thermal sensation by using a composite yarn in which two or more types of fibers having different properties are combined in the knitted fabric of the surface layer.
For example, in Patent Document 1 below, in a composite textured yarn composed of a synthetic fiber yarn and a moisture absorbing fiber yarn, air jet processing is performed to make the synthetic fiber yarn the core part and the moisture absorbing/desorbing fiber yarn the sheath part. It is disclosed that by using a double raschel knitted fabric or the like as the composite textured yarn arranged, the knitted fabric has comfort such as a cool contact feeling and moisture absorption and release properties.

JP-A-2002-61040

However, the composite textured yarn of Patent Document 1 has a sheath-core structure in which yarns are entangled with each other. Since no special consideration is given to the condition, when the surface layer knitted fabric is rubbed by the hook part of the hook-and-loop fastener, etc., the single fiber of the composite textured yarn has sufficient abrasion resistance such as pull-out resistance and fluff resistance. It was nothing.
In view of the above-described level of the prior art, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems of the above-described prior art, and to provide various functionalities by knitting composite yarns into the surface knitted fabric of a three-dimensional knitted fabric. To provide a skin material capable of suppressing pull-out and fluffing of single fibers of a composite yarn even if the surface layer knitted fabric is rubbed by a hard protrusion such as a hook part of a hook-and-loop fastener.

As a result of intensive studies and repeated experiments to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present application have found that a knitted fabric is composed of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connecting yarn that connects the surface layer knitted fabric and the back layer knitted fabric. 30% or more of the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric are formed of composite yarns containing two or more different types of yarns, and the stitches formed of the composite yarns The present inventors have unexpectedly found that the above problems can be solved by adjusting the single fiber convergence index, which is indicated by the relationship between the stitch length and the single fiber free stitch ratio, in the appropriate range, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A skin material including a three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connecting yarn that connects the surface layer knitted fabric and the back layer knitted fabric, wherein the surface layer knitted fabric is 30% or more of the included stitches are formed of a composite yarn containing two or more different yarns, and the single fiber convergence index M of the stitches formed of the composite yarn is 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less. A skin material characterized by:
[2] The skin material according to [1] above, wherein the composite yarn is a composite yarn containing two or more kinds of colored yarns.
[3] In the surface layer knitted fabric, 30% or more of the stitches formed of the composite yarn face an opening having an opening size of 0.3 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, the above [1 ] or the skin material according to [2].
[4] In the surface layer knitted fabric, in 30% or more of the stitches formed with the composite yarn, the stitches formed with the composite yarn and the stitches adjacent to each other in the course direction and / or wale direction are 20 The skin material according to any one of the above [1] to [3], which forms an angle of 80 degrees or more.
[5] The skin material according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein in the surface layer knitted fabric, the composite yarn has a fineness of 150 decitex or more and 800 decitex or less.
[6] The knitting density of the surface layer knitted fabric is 20 courses / 2.54 cm or more and 43 courses / 2.54 cm or less, and 18 wales / 2.54 cm or more and 34 wales / 2.54 cm or less [1] ~ The skin material according to any one of [5].

In the skin material of the present invention, when the composite yarn is knitted into the surface layer knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric to impart functionality, the composite yarn has a specific single fiber convergence index range, so it can be used as a hook part of a hook-and-loop fastener. Even if the surface is rubbed by hard projections, pulling out and fluffing of the single fibers of the composite yarn can be suppressed.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of the present embodiment showing the stitch length of stitches formed by composite yarns of the surface layer knitted fabric and the state in which single fibers are separated. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of the present embodiment in which stitches formed of composite yarns of the surface knitted fabric face openings. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of the present embodiment in which stitches formed by composite yarns of a surface knitted fabric form an angle with adjacent stitches in the course direction or the wale direction.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
The skin material of the embodiment of the present invention (also referred to as this embodiment) is composed of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connecting yarn that connects the surface layer knitted fabric and the back layer knitted fabric. A skin material containing a three-dimensional knitted fabric, wherein 30% or more of the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric are formed with composite yarns containing two or more different types of yarns, and the single stitches in the stitches formed with the composite yarns The skin material is characterized by having a fiber convergence index M of 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less.

The skin material of this embodiment includes a three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connecting yarn that connects the two layers of knitted fabrics. The three-dimensional knitted fabric is knitted by a double Raschel warp knitting machine or a double circular knitting machine, and the gauge of the knitting machine is preferably 18 to 32 gauge.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of the present embodiment, 30% or more of the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric are formed of composite yarns containing two or more different yarns. The term "composite yarn containing two or more different yarns" as used in the present embodiment means two or more yarns with different properties such as color, appearance, shape, heat shrinkage, water absorption, hygroscopicity, strength and elongation. It refers to a yarn that has been combined by processing such as twisting, interlacing, air jet processing, and composite false twisting.
Further, "30% or more of the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric are formed of composite yarn" means that 30% or more of all stitches included in a certain area of the surface layer knitted fabric are composed of composite yarns. It means that it is a formed stitch. The ratio of stitches formed with composite yarn is the ratio of the number of stitches formed with composite yarn to the total number of stitches in a certain area (for example, 1 cm square) when viewing an arbitrary place on the surface knitted fabric from the front side. is calculated by the method of calculating

By forming 30% or more of the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric with the composite yarn, the characteristics of the composite yarn appear more uniformly and prominently in the surface layer knitted fabric. The ratio of stitches formed by composite yarns is more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 60% or more.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of the present embodiment, the single fiber convergence index M of stitches formed from composite yarns included in the surface layer knitted fabric is 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less.
The "single fiber convergence index M" as used in the present embodiment means that the stitch length of the composite yarn is L, and the single fiber free stitch ratio indicating the ratio of the number of stitches of the composite yarn in which the single fibers are loose is A. , which is obtained from the following relational expression.
Single fiber convergence index M = L ⁴ × √A

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram showing the stitch length L of the stitches formed by the composite yarn of the surface layer knitted fabric and the state in which the single fibers are loose. The stitch length L of the composite yarn is the outermost surface of the two columns (a, b) composed of the left and right fiber bundles of one stitch 1 formed of the composite yarn when the surface layer knitted fabric is viewed from the front side. It is the linear distance from the lowest point (c) where the pillar can be seen to the highest point (d) where the pillar can be seen, in the pillar (a) on one side including the part on the side. In addition, in the column (a) made of the fiber bundle, when the surface layer knitted fabric is viewed from the front side, a stitch including a state in which the single fiber 2 is separated from the fiber bundle at a distance equal to or greater than the diameter of the single fiber. , Single fibers are free stitches. The state in which the single fiber is released from the fiber bundle does not depend on the length of the release.

The single fiber free stitch ratio A, which indicates the ratio of the stitches of the composite yarn in which the single fibers are free, is the composite yarn that is within a certain area (for example, 1 cm square) when viewed from the front side at any location on the surface layer knitted fabric. It refers to the ratio of the number of stitches of a composite yarn with loose single fibers to the total number of stitches (number of stitches with loose single fibers/total number of stitches).
When the single fiber convergence index M exceeds 6.0, it is possible to suppress pulling out and fluffing of the single fibers of the composite yarn when the surface layer knitted fabric is rubbed by a hard protrusion such as a hook portion of a hook-and-loop fastener. becomes difficult. A more preferable range of the single fiber convergence index is 0.6 or more and 5.0 or less, and more preferably 0.6 or more and 4.0 or less.

In order to make the single fiber convergence index M 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less, the knitting density is set in an appropriate range while observing the relationship with the fineness of the composite yarn so as to keep the stitch length relatively small, and In order to keep the ratio of free stitches of single fibers to a low level, it is preferable to subject the composite yarns to processing such as twisted yarns that increase the convergence of single fibers or interlaced mixed fibers under high pressure conditions.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of the present embodiment, when the composite yarn forming the stitches contained in the surface layer knitted fabric is a composite yarn containing two or more types of color yarns, the surface layer knitted fabric has a heathered appearance. As a result, a high design effect is imparted, which is preferable. Composite yarns containing two or more types of colored yarns may be composite yarns containing two or more types of pre-colored yarns, such as pre-dyed yarns and yarn-dyed yarns. Composite yarns containing the above colored yarns may also be used. In order to suppress fluctuations in the properties of the three-dimensional knitted fabric due to dyeing, the two or more types of colored yarns are more preferably pre-dyed yarns or pre-dyed yarns, and further preferably are pre-dyed yarns that can eliminate the need for a dyeing process. preferable.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of the present embodiment, 30% or more of the stitches formed of the composite yarn in the surface layer knitted fabric face the opening of 0.3 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. This is preferable in order to make the appearance of the surface layer knitted fabric have a heathered tone with a more three-dimensional effect. The opening in the present embodiment means that in the stitch rows continuous in the warp direction forming the surface layer knitted fabric, the adjacent stitch rows are 0.3 mm or more in the course direction (horizontal direction) in some or all courses. It refers to a gap formed by opening a gap, and even if a thread is inserted so as to fill the gap, it is regarded as an opening. The ratio of the stitches formed by the composite yarn facing the opening of 0.3 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less is more preferably 40% or more, and still more preferably 50% or more. In addition, the ratio of stitches facing the opening is 0.3 mm or more with respect to the total number of stitches of composite yarn in a certain area (1 cm square as an example) when viewed from the front side at any place on the surface knitted fabric. It is calculated by a method of calculating the ratio of the number of stitches facing an opening of 2.5 mm or less.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram showing a state in which an opening 3 with an opening size K (mm) and an opening 4 with an opening size S (mm) face one stitch 1 formed of a composite yarn. The opening refers to the opening facing both the left and right sides of the left and right columns (a, b) of the stitch 1, and the opening size is the course direction (horizontal direction) at the opening. Indicates the length of a straight line connecting two points with the longest straight distance on a horizontal line.

When the stitches of the composite yarn contained in the surface knitted fabric face the opening, at least one type of composite yarn of which the back knitted fabric is the surface knitted fabric in order to make the appearance more three-dimensional. It is more preferable to use a colored yarn such as black, which is darker than the color of , because the colored pattern of the composite yarn stands out due to the dark color of the back layer knitted fabric that can be seen through the opening.

In the surface knitted fabric of a three-dimensional knitted fabric, as a method of making an opening so as to face the stitches formed by the composite yarn, an arbitrary part of the surface knitted fabric is made a mesh structure or a ridge structure, and the opening of the mesh structure or the ridge structure A method of arranging composite yarns at the position of the part is preferably used.
Any warp knitting structure can be used to make the surface layer knitted fabric into a mesh structure or a ridge structure. In the case of the mesh structure, at least two reeds of the knitting machine are used, and when the yarn is supplied from the guide bar, a mesh structure with a yarn extraction arrangement such as 1-in-1-out or 2-in-2-out can be used. preferable. In the case of a ridge structure, at least two reeds of the knitting machine are used, and when the yarn is supplied from the guide bar, a yarn extraction arrangement such as 1-in-1-out or 2-in-2-out is used, and two guides are used. By appropriately pulling the sinker loops of at least two or more rows of stitch rows connected in the length direction (vertical direction) of the knitted fabric supplied from the bar in the left and right opposite directions by the movement of the two guide bars, A method of gathering stitch rows to form a convex ridge structure is preferred.
Regarding the mesh structure or the ridge structure, all courses of the knitted fabric do not have to be the same mesh structure or ridge structure, and some courses may have a structure in which different knit structures are combined.

In the opening formed in the surface layer knitted fabric, the composite yarn that forms the surface layer knitted fabric and the pattern yarn that has a different appearance such as color, shape, gloss, etc. Insertion knitting across the opening at an arbitrary angle in a direction or a substantially oblique direction is preferable because it provides a design with a greater sense of depth.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of the present embodiment, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more of the stitches formed of the composite yarn contained in the surface knitted fabric are formed of the composite yarn. A stitch and a stitch adjacent in the course direction and/or the wale direction form an angle of preferably 20 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less, more preferably 30 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less.
In addition, the ratio of the stitches is the stitches formed by the composite yarn and the course direction and / Or the ratio of the number of stitches of the composite yarn in which the stitches adjacent in the wale direction form an angle of 20 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less is calculated.

When the ratio of the stitches is 30% or more, the stitches formed by the composite yarn are not arranged too linearly in the course direction and/or the wale direction, resulting in a more natural appearance. When colored yarns are used, the surface layer knitted fabric exhibits a more natural heathered tone, and at the same time, a marbled heathered pattern in which colors flow in a substantially diagonal direction is obtained, which is preferable because the design is enhanced.

Regarding the angle formed by the stitch formed by the composite yarn and the adjacent stitch, the state where the stitch adjacent in the course direction (horizontal direction) forms an angle of X degrees, and the stitch adjacent in the wale direction (vertical direction). 3 shows a schematic diagram of a state in which .
In FIG. 3, when viewed from the front side with the knitting start direction of the surface layer knitted fabric facing downward, a straight line e for measuring the stitch length L1 of the stitch 5 formed by the composite yarn, and the stitch 5 and the course direction ( The angle of the part opened in the knitting end direction formed by intersecting the straight line f for measuring the stitch length L2 of the stitch 6 adjacent in the horizontal direction) is X degrees, and the straight line for measuring the stitch length L1. The angle of the part opened in the knitting end direction formed by intersecting e and a straight line g for measuring the stitch length L3 of the stitch 7 adjacent to the stitch 5 in the wale direction (vertical direction) is Y degrees. .

In the surface layer knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present embodiment, the appearance of the surface layer knitted fabric has a more natural heathered feel, and when the surface layer knitted fabric is rubbed on the surface by a hard protrusion such as a hook portion of a hook-and-loop fastener, The fineness of the composite yarn, that is, the total fineness of the two or more types of yarns, is preferably 150 decitex or more and 800 decitex or less in order to suppress pulling out of the single fibers of the composite yarn and fluffing. The single yarn fineness of the composite yarn is preferably 1 decitex or more and 6 decitex or less, and more preferably 3 decitex or more and 6 decitex or less to increase the strength of the single yarn. In addition, the knitting density of the surface knitted fabric is 20 courses / 2.54 cm or more and 43 courses / 2.54 cm or less, and 18 wales / It is preferably 2.54 cm or more and 34 wales/2.54 cm or less, more preferably, the total fineness of the composite yarn is 200 decitex or more and 500 decitex or less, and the knitting density is 25 courses/2.54 cm or more and 43 courses/2.54 cm or more. 54 cm or less, and 20 wales/2.54 cm or more and 30 wales/2.54 cm or less.

From the same point of view, the total fineness of one stitch of the surface layer knitted fabric is preferably 150 decitex or more and 800 decitex or less. Note that the stitch formed by the composite yarn does not need to be formed by only a single composite yarn, and may be combined with other yarns to form one stitch.

A monofilament is preferable as the fiber used for the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present embodiment. When a monofilament is used as the connecting yarn, its fineness is preferably 30 decitex or more and 300 decitex or less, more preferably 50 decitex or more and 250 decitex, in order to suppress the monofilament from protruding to the surface of the knitted fabric and to maintain good cushioning properties. Decitex or less.
If the monofilament protrudes on the knitted fabric surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, it is likely to be caught by protrusions such as the hook part of the hook-and-loop fastener. It is desirable to hold down the monofilament stitches, and for this purpose, the total fineness D (decitex) of one stitch made up of the fibers forming the surface layer knitted fabric, and the monofilament fineness D2 (decitex) is the following relational expression:
D/D2≧3
is preferably satisfied.

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present embodiment, arbitrary fibers can be used for the surface layer knitted fabric, the back layer knitted fabric, and the connecting yarn. Long fibers of polyethylene terephthalate fibers are preferably used for the knitted fabric.
The surface layer knitted fabric, the back layer knitted fabric, and the connecting yarn are preferably made of 100% polyethylene terephthalate fiber in terms of ease of recycling such as material recycling and chemical recycling. Although these fibers may be undyed, it is preferable to use pre-dyed yarns or pre-dyed yarns in order to suppress fluctuations in the properties of the three-dimensional knitted fabric during dyeing. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a spun-dyed yarn into which a pigment or the like is kneaded so that a dyeing process can be dispensed with.

Although the thickness of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present embodiment can be set arbitrarily, it is preferably 2.5 mm or more and 12 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or more and 8 mm or less, in terms of sewing and handling properties as a skin material.
The basis weight of the three-dimensional knitted fabric constituting the skin material of this embodiment can be arbitrarily set, but is preferably 300 to 1000 g/m ² , more preferably 400 to 900 g/m ² .

In the three-dimensional knitted fabric finishing method of the present embodiment, in the case of a three-dimensional knitted fabric using yarn-dyed yarn or dope-dyed yarn, the gray fabric can be finished through processes such as scouring and heat setting. It is more preferable to finish only with a set. In the case of a three-dimensional knitted fabric in which any of the fibers used for the surface layer knitted fabric, the back layer knitted fabric, or the connecting yarn is uncolored, the green fabric can be finished through processes such as presetting, scouring, dyeing, and heat setting.
The skin material of this embodiment can be laminated with urethane on the back like conventional skin materials when it is used for seat seats, interior materials of automobiles, etc., but it is more recyclable if it is used without lamination. preferred in terms of

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited only to the examples.
Methods for measuring various physical properties of three-dimensional knitted fabrics used in Examples and the like are as follows.

(a) Stitch length L (mm)
Using a one-shot 3D measuring microscope VR-3000 manufactured by Keyence Corporation, the front surface of the surface layer knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric at an arbitrary position at a magnification of 40 times, with the knitting start direction on the front side (lower side of the image) Auto Shoot with focus, 3D measurement. From the photographed 3D image, the lowest point where the pillar can be seen in one of the two pillars consisting of the left and right fiber bundles of a single stitch formed of composite yarn, including the part on the outermost side Measure the linear distance L (mm) from the (lowest point of the image) to the highest point (uppermost point of the image) where the pillar can be seen. If the heights of the two pillars on the outermost surface side are the same, either of the pillars may be selected. The measurement is performed at arbitrary 20 stitches formed with the composite yarn, and the average value is obtained.

(b) Single fiber free stitch ratio A
From the 3D image taken in (a), the total number of stitches F formed by composite yarn in a certain area (0.7 mm square to 1 mm square) ) are counted. In addition, in a column on one side for measuring the stitch length L of a stitch formed of a composite yarn, a single fiber is separated from the fiber bundle of the column at a distance equal to or greater than the diameter of the single fiber. is a stitch with loose single fibers, the number of stitches P with loose single fibers is counted, and the ratio A of stitches with loose single fibers is obtained by the following formula.
Single fiber free stitch ratio A = P / F

(c) opening size (mm)
From the 3D image photographed in (a) above, in the opening facing the stitch formed with the composite yarn, the length connecting the two points with the longest straight line distance on the horizontal line in the course direction (horizontal direction) is measured and taken as the aperture size.

(d) The angle (degrees) of the stitches formed by the composite yarn and the stitches adjacent to each other
In the 3D image taken in (a) above, a straight line for measuring the stitch length of one stitch formed of the composite yarn, one stitch formed of the composite yarn, the course direction (horizontal direction) and the wale The angle formed by the intersection of a straight line for measuring the stitch length of adjacent stitches in the direction (vertical direction) and the open angle in the knitting end direction is measured. For the measurement, the total number of stitches formed with composite yarns in a certain area (0.7 mm square to 1 mm square) of the 3D image is measured in both the course direction and the wale direction.

(e) Composite yarn fineness (decitex)
The surface knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is unwound, a composite yarn of 10 cm or more is extracted, and the length and weight are measured when a load of 15 gf is applied to one composite yarn, and the fineness is calculated. Three composite yarns are extracted and an average value is obtained. If the fineness can be measured before knitting the three-dimensional knitted fabric, it is measured according to JIS L 1013.

(f) Composite yarn "pulled out" by hook-and-loop fastener, fluffiness (class)
Using a flat abrasion tester manufactured by Daiei Kagaku Seiki Seisakusho, a three-dimensional knitted fabric with a test piece size of 8 cm in width and 31 cm in length is placed on the flat abrasion table of the flat abrasion tester with the surface knitted fabric facing up, and both ends are clamped. fixed. Next, magic tape (registered trademark) A8693Y. 71 (5 cm long) is attached to the friction element with the hook side facing out. A pressing load including the friction element is 9.8 N, the stroke is 14 cm, and the speed is 60±10 reciprocations/min. A test piece is collected from the warp and weft directions of the three-dimensional knitted fabric and measured. After the test, the single yarn of the composite yarn is observed for pull-out and fluffiness, and the following grades are determined. Judgment is made in 0.5 grade increments.
Grade 5: Single yarn “pulled out” and fluffing not observed Grade 4: Single yarn “pulled out” or fluff slightly observed Grade 3: Single yarn “pulled out” or fluffing clearly observed However, there is no yarn breakage Grade 2: The single yarn is “pulled out” or fluffing is slightly noticeable, and there is yarn breakage Grade 1: The single yarn is “pulled out” or fluffing is noticeable, and the appearance is severe

(g) Heathered design The surface knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is visually observed from the front side, and whether or not it has a heathered design is judged by the following grades. Judgments are made in increments of 0.5.
Grade 5: Very natural heathered tone Grade 4: Fairly natural heathered tone Grade 3: Slightly natural heathered tone Grade 2: Almost no natural heathered tone Grade 1: Completely natural heathered tone do not show

(h) Design property of heathered pattern with three-dimensional effect The surface layer knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is visually observed from the front side, and whether or not the heathered pattern has a deep three-dimensional effect is judged by the following grades. Judgments are made in increments of 0.5.
Level 5: Very deep feeling Level 4: Considerable depth feeling Level 3: Some depth feeling Level 2: Almost no depth feeling Level 1: No depth feeling at all

(i) Oblique marbling heathered design The surface layer knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is visually observed from the front side, and whether or not the heathered pattern runs in an oblique direction is graded as follows. Judgments are made in increments of 0.5.
Grade 5: Shows a heathered tone that flows in an extremely diagonal direction Grade 4: Shows a heathered tone that flows in a fairly diagonal direction Grade 3: Shows a heathered tone that flows in a slightly diagonal direction Grade 2: Shows almost no heathered tone that flows in a diagonal direction 1 Grade: Does not show any diagonal flowing heather

[Examples 1 and 5]
Using a 22-gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 reeds and a hook distance of 6 mm, 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarn) are produced from the two reeds (L1, L2) that form the surface knitted fabric. 1-in-1-out (L1) and 1-out-1-in (L2) composite yarns made by interlacing two false twisted textured yarns of false twisted textured yarn and 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber (white yarn). 110 decitex polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn) monofilaments are supplied in a 1-in-1-out arrangement from one reed (L3) that forms a connecting portion, and a back layer knitted fabric is formed. A false-twisted textured yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn) of 167 decitex 48 filaments was supplied from two reeds (L4, L5) in an all-in arrangement.
Three-dimensional knitted greige fabrics were knitted with the following knitting structure, with on-machine courses of 35 courses/2.54 cm (Example 1) and 41 courses/2.54 cm (Example 5). The resulting gray fabric was subjected to dry heat setting at 175° C. for 1 minute with a tenter width ratio of 0% and an overfeed ratio of 0% to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 below, which was used as a skin material. bottom.
(knitted structure)
L1: 1011/2322/(1 in 1 out)
L2: 2322/1011/ (1 out 1 in)
L3: 3410/4367/(1 in 1 out)
L4: 1110/0001/ (all in)
L5: 2210/2234/ (all in)

[Examples 2 to 4]
Using an 18-gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 reeds and a hook distance of 6 mm, 334 decitex 72 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarn) are produced from the two reeds (L1, L2) that form the surface layer knitted fabric. 1-in-1-out (L1) and 1-out composite yarn made by arranging two false-twisted textured yarns of false-twisted textured yarn and 334 decitex 72-filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber (white yarn) and twisting them at a twist number of 120 times / m. It is supplied in a 1-in (L2) arrangement, and a monofilament of 200 dtex polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn) is supplied in a 1-in-1-out arrangement from one reed (L3) that forms the connecting portion. False twisted yarns of 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarns) were supplied from two reeds (L4, L5) forming the knitted fabric of the layers, both in an all-in arrangement.
With the same knitting structure as in Example 1, the on-machine courses were 30 courses/2.54 cm (Example 2), 24 courses/2.54 cm (Example 3), and 18 courses/2.54 cm (Example 4). A three-dimensional knitted greige fabric was knitted. The obtained greige fabric was heat-set in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 below, which was used as a skin material.

[Example 6]
A three-dimensional knitted fabric was knitted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the knitting structure shown below was used. The obtained greige fabric was heat-set in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 below, which was used as a skin material.
(knitted structure)
L1: 1011/1233/4544/4322/(1 in 1 out)
L2: 4544/4322/1011/1233/(1 out 1 in)
L3: 3410/3245/2145/2310/(1 in 1 out)
L4: 1110/0001/ (all in)
L5: 2210/2234/ (all in)

[Example 7]
A three-dimensional knitted fabric was knitted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the knitting structure shown below was used. The obtained greige fabric was heat-set in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 2 below, which was used as a skin material.
(knitted structure)
L1: (1011/2322/) x 3 (1011/1211/) x 3 (1 in 1 out)
L2: (2322/1011/) x 3 (3233/3433/) x 3 (1 out 1 in)
L3: (3410/4367/) x 3 (4367/3410/) x 3 (1 in 1 out)
L4: 1110/0001/ (all in)
L5: 2210/2234/ (all in)

[Examples 8 to 10]
Using a 22-gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 reeds and a hook distance of 6 mm, 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarn) are produced from the two reeds (L1, L2) that form the surface knitted fabric. False twisted textured yarn and two false twisted textured yarns of 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber (white yarn) are aligned and interlaced to form a composite yarn, and 334 decitex 72 filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn). of the false twisted textured yarn, in the order of two composite yarns, one 334/72 false twisted yarn (Example 8), one composite yarn, and one 334/72 false twisted yarn (Example 9) , 1 composite yarn and 2 334/72 false twist textured yarns (Example 10), except that they were supplied to the guide in an arrangement of 1 in 1 out (L1) and 1 out 1 in (L2) In the same manner as in Example 1, three-dimensional knitted fabrics with different mixture ratios of composite yarns were knitted. The obtained greige fabric was subjected to dry heat heat setting in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 2 below, which was used as a skin material.

[Comparative Example 1]
1-in-1-out (L1) and 1-out by aligning two false-twisted yarns of polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn) of 334 decitex 72 filaments from two reeds (L1, L2) forming the surface knitted fabric. A three-dimensional knitted fabric was knitted in the same manner as in Example 4, except that it was supplied in a 1-in (L2) arrangement. The obtained greige fabric was heat-set in the same manner as in Example 4 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 2 below, which was used as a skin material.

[Comparative Example 2]
Using an 18 gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 reeds and a hook distance of 6 mm, 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarn) are produced from the two reeds (L1, L2) that form the surface knitted fabric. Composite yarn obtained by arranging two false twisted textured yarns of false twisted textured yarn and polyethylene terephthalate fiber (white yarn) of 167 decitex 48 filaments (white yarn) and interlaced and mixed is supplied in an all-in arrangement to form a connecting part 1. A monofilament of polyethylene terephthalate fiber (black dope-dyed yarn) of 200 dtex is supplied from a reed (L3) in a 1-in-1-out arrangement, and further from two reeds (L4, L5) that form the knitted fabric of the back layer. False-twisted textured yarns of 167 decitex 48 filament polyethylene terephthalate fibers (black dope-dyed yarns) were all supplied in an all-in arrangement.
A three-dimensional knitted greige was knitted with the knitting structure shown below with 16 courses/2.54 cm on the machine. The obtained greige fabric was heat-set in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 2 below, which was used as a skin material.
(knitted structure)
L1: 1011/2322/ (all in)
L2: 2322/1011/ (all in)
L3: 3410/4367/(1 in 1 out)
L4: 1110/0001/ (all in)
L5: 2210/2234/ (all in)

From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the skin material made of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of Examples 1 to 10 in which the surface layer knitted fabric contains composite yarns of two types of colored yarns and the single fiber convergence index M is 0.6 or more and 6 or less, Compared to Comparative Example 1, which does not contain composite yarn and has a single fiber convergence index M of more than 6, and Comparative Example 2, which contains a composite yarn and has a single fiber convergence index M of more than 6, it has a more heathered appearance and exhibits high designability. At the same time, pulling out of the single yarn of the composite yarn and fluffing due to the hook-and-loop fastener were suppressed. Further, in Examples 1 to 10, as the single fiber convergence index M decreased, there was a tendency that the pull-out and fluffing of the single yarns of the composite yarns by the hook-and-loop fastener were more suppressed.
Comparing Examples 1, 8, 9, and 10 with respect to the ratio of the stitches of the composite yarn to the stitches of the surface layer knitted fabric, the heathered design increased as the mixture ratio increased.
Comparing Examples 1, 6, and 7 in which the ratio of stitches of the composite yarn facing the opening with an opening size of 0.3 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less is different, the ratio of stitches facing the opening is high. This indicates the heathered design with a three-dimensional effect.
In addition, when comparing Examples 1, 6, and 7 in which the ratio of the stitches of the composite yarn, in which the angle between the stitch formed by the composite yarn and the adjacent stitch is 20 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less, is different, the higher the ratio, the more the diagonal It showed the marbling heathered design. Comparative Example 2, in which the angle between the stitches formed by the composite yarn and the adjacent stitches is 20 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less, and the ratio of the stitches of the composite yarn is less than 30%, shows almost no oblique marbled heather. Met.

The upholstery material of the present invention is placed on a cushion member such as a urethane pad of a seat of a vehicle or furniture, a seat formed by being stretched on a seat frame, a vehicle ceiling, a door trim, or the like. It is a skin material that can be used for interior materials, and by configuring the surface layer knitted fabric with composite yarns consisting of two or more different colored yarns, it exhibits a high design with a heathered appearance and at the same time, a hook-and-loop fastener. Even if the surface is rubbed by hard projections such as hooks, it can be suitably used as a skin material that can suppress pulling out and fluffing of the single yarns of the composite yarn.

1 one stitch formed of composite yarn 2 single fiber released from fiber bundle 3 opening 4 opening 5 one stitch formed of composite yarn 6 one stitch formed of composite yarn 7 formed of composite yarn Another stitch L Stitch length L1 Stitch length L2 Stitch length L3 Stitch length K Opening size S Opening size X Angle between the stitch formed of the composite yarn and the adjacent stitch Y The stitch formed of the composite yarn and the adjacent stitch Angle of matching stitches a Column made of fiber bundle b Column made of fiber bundle c Bottom point where column can be seen d Top point where column can be seen e Straight line for measuring stitch length f Straight line for measuring stitch length g Length of stitch straight line to measure

Claims (6)

A skin material including a three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of a surface layer knitted fabric, a back layer knitted fabric, and a connecting yarn that connects the surface layer knitted fabric and the back layer knitted fabric, the stitches included in the surface layer knitted fabric. 30% or more of the stitches are formed with composite yarns containing two or more different yarns, and the single fiber convergence index M in the stitches formed with the composite yarns is 0.6 or more and 6.0 or less and skin material. The skin material according to claim 1, wherein the composite yarn is a composite yarn containing two or more kinds of colored yarns. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the surface layer knitted fabric, 30% or more of the stitches formed of the composite yarn face an opening having an opening size of 0.3 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. Described skin material. In the surface layer knitted fabric, in 30% or more of the stitches formed with the composite yarn, the stitches formed with the composite yarn and the stitches adjacent to each other in the course direction and / or wale direction are 20 degrees or more and 80 degrees. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which forms an angle of less than or equal to degrees. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the surface layer knitted fabric, the composite yarn has a fineness of 150 decitex or more and 800 decitex or less. Any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the knitting density of the surface layer knitted fabric is 20 courses/2.54 cm or more and 43 courses/2.54 cm or less and 18 wales/2.54 cm or more and 34 wales/2.54 cm or less. The skin material according to item 1.

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