JP2023033793A - Charged water particle spray system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a charged water particle spray system capable of ensuring high fire extinguishing and smoke removing performance by high accurately detecting the charged polarity of a fine particle fuel-air mixture generated in a spraying target region such as a building in which a fire occurs.SOLUTION: The charged water particle spray system sprays charged water particles sprayed by a charge spray head to a spray target region. A fine particle fuel-air mixture 100 generated in the spraying target region is sucked toward a charge detector 80 by a suction device, and the charged polarity of the fine particle fuel-air mixture 100 is detected by the charge detector 80. The charge detector 80 passes the fine particle fuel-air mixture 100 through a cylindrical electrode 95 covered with a Faraday cage 96 having outer cylinders 98a, 98b, converts inductive charges attracted to the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode 95 into a voltage signal by a charge detection unit 105, determines the charged polarity of the fine particle fuel-air mixture by a determination unit 114, and outputs the result to a control unit. The control unit executes control to switch the charged polarity of the sprayed fine particles to polarity reverse to the charged polarity of the fine particle fuel-air mixture.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to a charged water particle spraying system for extinguishing a fire by spraying charged water particles from the tip of a ladder of a ladder fire engine or the like to a spray target area such as a building where a fire has broken out.

Conventionally, a charged water particle spraying system is known that sprays charged water particles onto a target area of a fire, such as a building, to extinguish the fire. It is

JP 2009-106405 A JP 2018-183712 A

By the way, in the conventional charged water particle spraying system, the charged water particles sprayed from the charged spray head are sprayed to the spray target area where the fire is occurring to suppress and extinguish the fire. Smoke extinguishing is carried out. For example, when negatively charged charged water particles are sprayed from the charged spray head, if the fine particle mixture containing smoke particles etc. generated in the spraying target area is positively charged, the charged water will be charged by electrostatic force. It is believed that smoke elimination is more effectively achieved by collecting and trapping fine particles (smoke particles) contained in the fine particle mixture. In addition, when positively charged charged water particles are sprayed from the charged spray head, if the fine particle mixture is negatively charged, the particles (smoke) contained in the fine particle mixture will be affected by the electrostatic force. It is believed that the collection and trapping of smoke particles makes smoke elimination more effective.

However, whether the fine particle mixture generated in the spraying target area is negatively charged or positively charged varies depending on the type of combustible material and the nature of the fire. If the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is not opposite to the polarity, there may be cases where sufficient smoke elimination performance cannot be obtained.

In the present invention, in order to spray charged water particles having the opposite charging polarity to the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture generated in the spray target area, the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is detected with high accuracy to achieve high fire extinguishing and smoke elimination performance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a charged water particle spraying system capable of ensuring

(Electrified water particle spraying system)
The present invention is a charged water particle spraying system for spraying charged water particles onto a spray target area,
a plurality of charged spray heads for spraying charged water particles for spraying onto a spray target area;
an electrification detector that detects the electrification polarity of the particulate air-fuel mixture generated in the area to be sprayed;
a suction device for sucking the fine particle mixture from the spraying target area side toward the charge detector;
a control unit that switches and controls the charge polarity of the charged water particles to be sprayed onto the spray target area based on the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector;
with
The charge detector is
a conductive cylindrical electrode formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion and allowing the fine particle mixture to pass from one end side to the other end side of the hollow portion;
a Faraday cage having an electrically conductive outer cylinder electrically insulated from the cylindrical electrode and wrapped around the cylindrical electrode and grounded;
a charge detection unit that converts an induced charge having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture attracted to the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode by the charge of the fine particle mixture into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal;
a determination unit that determines the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit and outputs the result to the control unit;
characterized by comprising

(Length of eaves of Faraday gauge outer cylinder)
The length of the eaves extending beyond the one end and the other end of the cylindrical electrode on one end side and the other end side of the outer cylinder constituting the Faraday cage installed to cover the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode at least twice the inner diameter of the

(Determination of charge polarity based on integration results)
The determination unit determines the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the integration result of the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit.

(Determination of charging polarity by time change of integrated value)
The determining unit determines that the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is negative when the integrated value, which is the result of integration, decreases with the lapse of time, and determines that the charged polarity of the fine particle mixture is negative when the integrated value increases with the lapse of time. is determined to be the positive polarity.

(Mounting part of spray airflow discharge part)
At least the charge spray head, the charge detector and the suction device are provided at the tip of the ladder of a ladder fire engine, the aerial work platform of a fire engine for aerial work, or the tip of the boom of a fire engine with a boom.

(Switching of charged polarity of charged water particles)
The controller switches the charge polarity of the charged water particles to the charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector.

(Effect of charged water particle spraying system)
According to the charged water particle spraying system of the present invention, when the charged water particles sprayed from the plurality of charged spray heads are sprayed onto the target spraying area, the fine particle mixed air current generated in the spraying target area by the suction device is detected by the charge detector. , the charge detector detects the charge polarity of the mixed fine particle airflow, and the control unit detects the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector. Specifically, the charge detector is formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion, and is a conductive cylindrical shape that allows the fine particle mixture to pass from one end side to the other end side of the hollow portion. The electrode is provided with an electrically insulated Faraday cage having an electrically conductive outer cylinder covering the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode and grounded, and fine particles attracted to the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode by the charge of the fine particle mixture. The charge detection unit converts the induced charge having the same polarity as the charge polarity of the mixture into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal, and the determination unit determines the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit. Therefore, by installing the cylindrical electrode inside the Faraday gauge, it is possible to accurately determine the charge polarity of the fine particle air-fuel mixture generated in the area to be sprayed due to the fire without being affected by electrical disturbance factors (noise). can be detected, for example, by spraying charged water particles charged to the opposite charging polarity to the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector to the spray target area, the fine particle mixture is contained Fine particles are collected by electrostatic force, captured and removed, and high smoke elimination performance can be obtained.

(Effect of the length of the eaves of the outer cylinder of the Faraday gauge)
In addition, the length of the eaves extending over the one end side and the other end side of the cylindrical electrode of the outer cylindrical body constituting the Faraday cage installed to cover the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode is set to the cylindrical shape. By setting the inner diameter of the electrode to be at least twice the inner diameter of the electrode, even if there are openings at one end and the other end of the eaves constituting the Faraday cage, the inlet and the outlet for allowing the fine particle mixture to pass through the hollow part of the cylindrical electrode. , Since the distance of the eaves from the inlet and outlet openings to the cylindrical electrode is sufficient, the influence of electrical disturbance factors on the cylindrical electrode is suppressed or prevented, and the detection of the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is highly detected. Accuracy is obtained.

(Effect of charge polarity determination based on integration result)
Further, the determination unit determines the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the integration result of the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit. When the integral value decreases with time, the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is determined to be negative, and when the integral value increases with the passage of time, the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is determined to be positive. It is possible to obtain different characteristics caused by the difference in the charge polarity of the air from the integration result of the voltage signal, making it possible to stably detect the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture with high accuracy.

(Effect of a fire engine equipped with a fire extinguishing system)
In addition, at least the electrified spray head, charge detector and suction device of the fire extinguishing system are installed at the tip of the ladder of a ladder fire engine, the high work platform of a fire engine for high altitude work, or the tip of the boom of a fire engine with a boom. By being provided, for example, even in the case of a fire in a high place above the second floor of a building, the tip of the ladder of a ladder fire engine, the aerial work platform of a fire engine for aerial work, or the tip of the boom of a fire engine with a boom can approach the opening of the outer wall such as a window, detect the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture emitted from there with high accuracy, and spray charged water particles with the opposite polarity to ensure high smoke elimination performance. and

1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a charged water particle spraying system of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a charged water particle emitting part of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a charged spray head provided in the charged water particle emitting section of FIG. 2; It is explanatory drawing which showed embodiment of the high voltage power supply part of FIG. 1 with the charging spray head. It is explanatory drawing which showed embodiment of the fire extinguishing agent supply part of FIG. 1 with the charging spray head. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the suction device of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the charge detector of FIG. 1; FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a charge detection operation by the charge detection section of the charge detector; FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing fire fighting activity by a ladder fire truck equipped with the charged water particle spraying system of the present invention. 4 is a flow chart showing the control operation of the charged water particle spraying system of the present invention;

An embodiment of a charged water particle spraying system according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by the following embodiment.

[Basic concept of the embodiment]
First, the basic concept of the embodiment will be explained. Embodiments generally relate to a charged water particle spraying system that sprays charged water particles onto a spray target area, and is installed in a moving object such as a fire engine as an example.

Here, the "charged water particle spraying system" is provided with a plurality of charged spray heads, a charge detector, a suction device and a control unit, and includes charged water particle spraying equipment and charging equipment for constructing the charged water particle spraying system. It includes the concept of a water particle spraying device. In addition, the "spray target area" is a concept that includes sources of smoke and the like, fire sources, places and spaces in which these exist, and diffusion areas of smoke and the like.

The "charged spray head" sprays charged water particles to spray the charged water particles onto the spray target area, and in this embodiment, a plurality of charged spray heads are provided.

In addition, "charged water particles" are charged water particles contained in the spray flow of fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the charged spray head. Water particles charged by an induction charging method passing through a high electric field generated by a voltage.

In addition, "spraying charged water particles to the spraying target area" means that the spraying method is arbitrary as long as the charged water particles sprayed from the charged spray head can be moved to the spraying target area and sprayed. An airflow is generated toward the spraying target area, and the charged water particle airflow containing the charged water particles sprayed from the charged spray head is emitted in the airflow, thereby moving the charged water particles to the spraying target area. Alternatively, spraying the charged water particles from the charged spray head may be spraying to the spraying target area.

Also, the "charge detector" detects the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture generated in the spraying target area. Here, the "particulate mixture" is a gas containing fine particles, and contains smoke particles and monodisperse particles generated by a fire, and combustion gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Further, "charge of fine particle mixture" means "charge of particles contained in fine particle mixture", and "electric charge of fine particle mixture" means "electric charge of particles contained in fine particle mixture". In addition, "particulate mixture generated in the target area" means "particulate mixture generated in the target area", and "produced from smoke sources and fire sources existing in the target area", thereby It is a concept that includes "places and spatial areas where smoke sources and fire sources exist, and areas where smoke spreads".

The configuration and function of the charge detector are arbitrary, but for example, it is composed of a cylindrical electrode, a Faraday cage, a charge detection section, and a determination section. Here, the “cylindrical electrode” is a conductive electrode member which is formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion and allows the fine particle mixture to pass from one end side to the other end side of the hollow portion. Further, the term “cylindrical” means any shape as long as it has a hollow portion and allows the fine particle mixture to pass from one end side to the other end side of the hollow portion.

Further, the "Faraday cage" has a conductive outer cylindrical body that is electrically insulated from the cylindrical electrode, covers the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode and is grounded, and is electrically connected to the cylindrical electrode. It suppresses or prevents the influence of disturbance factors.

In addition, the "Faraday cage" is a canopy portion extending over one end side and the other end side of the cylindrical electrode on one end side and the other end side of the outer cylinder constituting the Faraday cage installed to cover the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode. By setting the length to be at least twice the inner diameter of the cylindrical electrode, the influence of electrical disturbance factors on the cylindrical electrode from the inlet at one end and the outlet at the other end of the outer cylindrical body is suppressed or prevented. It is.

Also, the "charge detector" converts the induced charge of the same polarity as the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture, which is attracted to the outer circumference of the cylindrical electrode by the charge of the fine particle mixture, into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal. be.

Furthermore, the "determination unit" detects the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture by determining the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit. The polarity is output to the control unit, and the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is determined, for example, based on the integration result of the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit. Specifically, the "determining section" determines that the charging polarity of the fine particle air-fuel mixture is negative when the integral value, which is the result of integration, decreases with the passage of time, and the integral value decreases with the passage of time. If it increases, the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is determined to be positive.

Also, the "suction device" is a device that draws the fine particle mixture from the spraying target area side toward the charge detector.

In addition, the "control unit" switches and controls the charge polarity of the charged water particles to be sprayed to the spray target area based on the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector. "Part" controls the switching of the charge polarity of the charged water particles to the charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector.

In addition, the charged water particle spraying system, for example, includes a plurality of charged spray heads, a charged detector, and a suction device that are attached to a ladder tip of a ladder fire engine, an aerial work platform of a fire engine for aerial work, or a fire engine with a boom. It is installed at the tip of the boom, and multiple charged spray heads approach the outer wall opening of the building, such as the window of the building to be sprayed, and efficiently throw charged water particles into the building to extinguish, prevent fire, and extinguish smoke. It enables

Specific embodiments will be described below. In the specific embodiment shown below, the ``application target area'' is a ``building fire compartment'', and ``a plurality of charged spray heads, charged detectors and suction devices'' are provided at the ladder tip of a ladder fire truck. The specific content will be explained for the case where the

[Specific contents of the embodiment]
Specific contents of the embodiment will be described separately as follows.
a. Outline of charged water particle spraying system b. Charged water particle discharge part b1. air blower b2. Charged water particle generator b3. Charge spray head b4. Ejection direction adjusting part c. high voltage power supply c1. Circuit Configuration of Electrostatic Water Particle Generator c2. High voltage variable circuit c3. Polarity inversion circuit c4. Application of high voltage c5. Abnormal current detection circuit d. extinguishing agent supply e. Charge polarity switching control of charged water particles e1. Suction device e1-1. Sampling tube e1-2. tube e2. Holding device e3. Charge detector e3-1. Electrode structure e3-2. Charge detector e3-3. Operation of charge detector e4. Determination unit e5. Switching control of charged polarity of charged water particles f. Type of fire and charge polarity of water particles f1. Charge polarity of water particles to wood fire f2. Charge polarity of water particles for oil fire f3. Initial setting of water particle charge polarity g. Operation panel h. Ladder fire truck equipped with charged water particle spray system i. control operation of the charged water particle spray system j. Modification of the present invention

[a. Overview of charged water particle spray system]
The charged water particle spraying system of the present embodiment is mounted on a fire engine such as a ladder fire engine and sprays charged water particles toward a spray target area. As shown in FIG. 1, a charged water particle emitting unit 10, an operation panel 14, an extinguishing agent supply unit 16, a high voltage power supply unit 18, an electrification detector 80, and a suction device 82 are provided. and a control unit 21 are provided.

The charged water particle discharge unit 10 includes a blower unit 28 and a charged water particle generation unit 30, and is arranged on a pedestal 40 so as to be freely rotatable in the vertical and horizontal directions. A high-voltage cable 24 and signal cables 26e and 26f from the power supply unit 18 are connected, and signal cables 26a and 26d from the control unit 21 of the operation panel 14 are connected. Here, the signal cable 26a is connected to the discharge direction adjusting portion of the air blowing portion 28, and the signal cables 26d, 26e, and 26f are the on-off valves provided for each of the plurality of charged spray heads arranged in the charged water particle generating portion 30. It is connected to the switch circuit and the current sensing resistor.

The charge detector 80 is provided on the side of the charged water particle discharge unit 10 and detects the charge polarity of fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture sucked by the suction device 82 . signal cable 26c is connected.

The suction device 82 is provided on the side of the charged water particle discharge unit 10 and sucks the particulate mixture containing fire smoke particles generated from the fire compartment side of the building toward the charge detector 80 . A signal cable 26 b from the controller 21 of the operation panel 14 is connected to the suction pump 88 . The specific configuration and structure of the suction device 82, including the description of the components assigned the reference numerals in FIG. 1, will be described later.

Here, in the description of FIG. 1, the XYZ directions are directions orthogonal to each other. When viewed from the front, the X direction is the left-right direction (not shown in FIG. 1), the Y direction is the up-down direction, and the Z direction is the front-back direction. The +X side in the X direction is the right side, the -X side is the left side, the +Y side in the Y direction is the upper side, the -Y side is the lower side, the +Z side in the Z direction is the front side, and the -Z side is the rear side. . This point also applies to FIGS. 2 and 6, which are embodiments of the present invention.

[b. Charged water particle emitting part]
The charged water particle emitting section 10 will be described in more detail. The charged water particle discharge unit 10 emits a charged water particle airflow 12 containing charged water particles, thereby spraying the charged water particles toward a fire compartment of a building containing a fire extinguishing target or a fire prevention target. Although the configuration and structure are arbitrary, for example, the air blowing unit 28 and the charged water particle generating unit 30 are provided.

The air blower 28 generates an air flow toward the fire compartment. Charged water particles are sprayed into the stream, and a charged water particle stream 12 containing the charged water particles is emitted toward the fire compartment. The charged water particle discharge unit 10 is provided, for example, at the tip of a ladder of a ladder fire engine, and discharges a charged water particle airflow 12 from the outside of a building such as a building where a fire has occurred to the fire compartment through an outer wall opening such as a window. to extinguish the fire.

2 shows the charged water particle emitting part 10 of FIG. 1 in more detail, with FIG. FIG. 2(C) shows a front view seen from the front.

(b1. Blower unit)
The blower section 28 will be described in more detail. As an example, an axial fan 34 driven by a fan motor 36 is arranged in a cavity that opens forward and backward in the air blowing unit 28. The rotation of the axial fan 34 pressurizes the air sucked in from the rear opening and opens the front opening. The airflow is emitted from the The air volume of the air flow discharged from the air blower 28 is arbitrary, but the maximum air volume is, for example, about 400 m<3>/min. Further, by changing the rotation speed of the axial fan 34 by the fan motor 36, it is possible to change the air volume as required.

When the charged water particle emitting unit 10 is provided at the tip of the ladder of a ladder fire engine, it is possible to bring the charged water particle emitting unit 10 closer to the fire compartment of the building by several meters. The blowing volume of the blowing unit 28 is set so that the reaching distance of the airflow 12 is, for example, about 10 meters. A protective cover 38 made of multiple rings, wire netting, or the like is attached to the rear opening of the air blower 28 .

(b2. Charged water particle generator)
The charged water particle generator 30 will be described in more detail. A charged water particle generator 30 is arranged on the front opening side of the air blower 28 . When viewed from the front of the charged water particle emission unit 10 as shown in FIG. 2C, the charged water particle generation unit 30 includes, for example, ten charged spray heads 32 arranged in an annular shape inside a support ring 31. there is Here, the spray axis of each charged spray head 32 is arranged so as to intersect the emission axis 25 of the charged water particle airflow 12, and as shown in FIG. When viewed from the top, the spray axes of each charged spray head 32 are arranged to intersect at a point P in front of the discharge axis 25 .

The intersection angle θ between the spray axis of the charged spray head 32 and the discharge axis 25 of the charged water particle airflow 12 intersecting at point P is the ejection speed and the ejection spread angle of the charged water particles from the charged spray head 32, Considering the wind speed of the air flow, etc., it is a predetermined angle at which the sprayed charged water particles are well contained in the air flow. .

(b3. Charged spray head)
Next, the charged spray head 32 provided in the charged water particle generator 30 of FIG. 2 will be described in more detail. 3 shows the charging spray head 32 taken out, FIG. 3(A) shows a perspective view seen from the spray side, and FIG. 3(B) shows a cross-sectional view seen from the side.

As shown in FIG. 3, the charged spray head 32 sprays and contains charged water particles in the air flow from the air blower 28, and its configuration and structure are arbitrary. 54 , a spray nozzle portion 56 , an electrode holding portion 58 , an induction electrode portion 60 , a water side electrode portion 62 , and a water supply connection portion 64 . The body 54, the spray nozzle portion 56, the electrode holding portion 58 and the water supply connection portion 64 are made of an insulating material.

A through hole is formed inside the body 54 in the direction of the spray axis 55 , a conductive water side electrode portion 62 is fitted from the spray side, and a water supply connection portion 64 is fitted on the upper side thereof. A ground cable is connected from the outside to the electrode connection portion 62a. For example, pressurized fire extinguishing water is supplied to the water supply connection portion 64 as an extinguishing agent. A spray nozzle portion 56 is provided on the spray side of the water-side electrode portion 62, and sprays water particles having an average particle diameter of 100 to 300 μm, for example.

A ring-shaped induction electrode portion 60 is arranged by an electrode holding portion 58 in an open space on the spray side of the spray nozzle portion 56 . Although the configuration and structure of the induction electrode part 60 are arbitrary, for example, it is formed by insulating and covering a conductive electrode core material. A voltage application cable is connected from the outside to the cable connection portion 60a of the induction electrode portion 60 .

Between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water-side electrode portion 62, a predetermined adjustment range (for example, 0.5 kV to A predetermined voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 10 kV) regulated within 20 kV is applied. Due to this applied voltage, a predetermined external electric field is formed around the ring portion of the induction electrode portion 60, and water particles sprayed from the spray nozzle portion 56 by induction charging pass through the ring portion of the induction electrode portion 60. charged.

Here, the predetermined adjustment range (that is, the predetermined adjustable range) may include a voltage range in which the water particles cannot be charged, and it is sufficient if the voltage can be adjusted to a predetermined voltage that allows the water particles to be charged. is. The polarity (plus/minus) of the applied voltage is switched by the high-voltage power supply section 18 .

The water particles are charged by the charging spray head 32, for example, when the water side electrode portion 62 is set at a reference potential (ground potential, 0 V) and a predetermined DC voltage is applied so that the potential of the induction electrode portion 60 is positive, the spray nozzle portion Water particles sprayed from 56 are negatively charged. When a predetermined DC voltage is applied so that the potential of the induction electrode portion 60 becomes negative with the water side electrode portion 62 as a reference potential (earth potential, 0 V), the water particles sprayed from the spray nozzle portion 56 become positive. charged. Further, when the absolute value of the voltage applied between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 is set within a range of, for example, 0.5 kV to 20 kV, the occurrence of spark discharge is prevented, and charging is performed while ensuring safety. A spray stream of water particles is generated.

The configuration and structure of the charged spray head 32 are arbitrary, and are not limited to those shown in FIG. can be adopted.

(b4. Release direction adjustment unit)
The discharge direction adjusting section provided in the charged water particle discharge section 10 will be described in more detail. The emission direction adjustment unit adjusts the emission direction of the charged water particle airflow 12 by the charged water particle emission unit 10, and its configuration and structure are arbitrary. An adjuster 44 and a vertical adjuster 48 are provided.

The air blowing unit 28 of the charged water particle discharge unit 10 is supported by a rotation support unit 42 on a base 40 so as to be rotatable in the left-right direction around a left-right rotation shaft 46 as a rotation axis. is pivotally supported so as to be vertically rotatable. A left-right direction adjustment unit 44 is arranged on the lower side of the pedestal 40 . The left-right direction adjusting portion 44 is, for example, driven by a motor, and supports the rotation support portion 42 so that the left-right rotation shaft 46 is positioned on the drive shaft. , the charged water particle discharge unit 10 is rotated in the left-right direction so that the left-right discharge direction of the charged water particle airflow 12 can be adjusted.

A vertical direction adjusting portion 48 is arranged on the right side of the rotary support portion 42 where the vertical rotary shaft 50 is located. The vertical direction adjustment unit 48 is driven by, for example, a motor, and supports the rotation support unit 42 so that the vertical rotation shaft 50 is positioned on the drive shaft, thereby turning the vertical rotation shaft 50 into a rotation shaft. , the charged water particle discharge unit 10 is rotated vertically so that the vertical discharge direction of the charged water particle airflow 12 can be adjusted.

Here, the left-right rotation shaft 46 and the up-down rotation shaft 50 are adjusted to be at a predetermined position on the front side (emission side) of the position of the center of gravity 52 of the charged water particle discharge unit 10 . Therefore, even if the charged water particle airflow 12 emitted from the charged water particle emitting unit 10 receives recoil, the direction of emission is stable, and the operator can easily adjust the direction of emission as desired. Further, in the case where the charged water particle emitting part 10 is installed in the basket part provided at the tip of the ladder of the ladder fire engine, even when the basket part is tilted, the charging from the charged water particle emitting part 10 Since the discharge direction of the water particle gas stream 12 is highly stable, it is possible to prevent the discharge direction of the charged water particle gas stream 12 from turning in an unexpected direction, thereby ensuring safe operation.

[c. High voltage power supply]
The high voltage power supply section 18 will be described in more detail. The high-voltage power supply unit 18 supplies a high voltage for generating charged water particles to the charged water particle emission unit 10 through a high-voltage cable 24, and its configuration and functions are arbitrary. , a high voltage variable circuit 66 for adjusting the supplied voltage, a polarity reversing circuit 68 for switching the polarity of the supplied voltage, and an abnormal current flowing between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 of the charging spray head 32. It is provided with an abnormal current detection circuit 74 that detects an abnormal current and functions as an abnormal current detection section, and a selection circuit 72 that switches between applying and stopping the application of voltage to the charging spray head 32 . In FIG. 4, the high-voltage cable 24 has a voltage application cable 24a that is connected to the induction electrode section 60 side, and a ground cable 24b that is connected to the water side electrode section 62 side.

(c1. Circuit configuration of charged water particle generator)
The circuit configuration of the charged water particle generation section 30 connected to the high voltage power supply section 18 by the high voltage cable 24 will be described in more detail. FIG. 4 shows the circuit configuration of the charged water particle generator 30 including the high-voltage power supply 18 and a plurality of charged spray heads 32 . The charging spray head 32 includes an induction electrode section 60 and a water side electrode section 62 . A voltage application cable 24 a from the high-voltage power supply 18 is branched for each charging spray head 32 and connected to the induction electrode section 60 of each charging spray head 32 via a switch circuit 75 and a current limiting resistor 76 . Further, the water side electrode portions 62 of the charging spray heads 32 are commonly connected via a current detection resistor 78, and the ground cable 24b from the high voltage power supply portion 18 is connected via a switch 77 circuit.

Normally, the switch circuits 75 and 77 are on, and the high-voltage power supply section 18 applies a high voltage between the induction electrode section 60 and the water side electrode section 62 to charge the water particles sprayed from the charging spray head 32. Let Here, the voltage application cable 24a and the ground cable 24b use high-insulation pressure-resistant cables, but when applying a DC voltage, the cable on the positive electrode side is a pressure-resistant cable, and the cable on the negative electrode side is a normal low-voltage cable. OK.

(c2. High voltage variable circuit)
The high voltage variable circuit 66 will be described in more detail. The high voltage variable circuit 66 adjusts the voltage applied between the induction electrode section 60 and the water side electrode section 62 according to the control signal from the control section 21 of the operation panel 14, thereby A charged water particle airflow containing charged water particles having a charge amount suitable for extinguishing or eliminating smoke can be discharged from the head 32 into the fire compartment. In addition, by using charged water particles with a reduced amount of charge by lowering the absolute value of the applied voltage, there is a possibility that the amount of charge due to the charged water particles increases for the fire extinguishing target or fire prevention target that is easily charged. To prevent a discharge accident from occurring.

(c3. Polarity inversion circuit)
The polarity inversion circuit 68 will be described in more detail. The polarity reversing circuit 68 switches the polarity of the voltage applied between the induction electrode section 60 and the water side electrode section 62 in response to a control signal from the control section 21 of the operation panel 14. The charge polarity of the charged water particles sprayed from the head 32 can be switched between positive and negative polarities, and a charged water particle airflow containing charged water particles with charged polarities suitable for extinguishing and eliminating smoke can be released into the fire compartment. For example, higher fire extinguishing and smoke elimination performance can be expected by emitting a charged water particle stream containing charged water particles with opposite polarity to the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture generated in the fire compartment.

(c4. Application of high voltage)
A case where a high voltage is applied between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 of the charging spray head 32 from the high voltage power supply portion 18 will be described in more detail by taking a case of applying a DC voltage as an example.

The high voltage variable circuit 66 adjusts the voltage output from the high voltage variable circuit 66 to a predetermined DC voltage according to the control signal from the control section 21 of the operation panel 14 . Here, "adjusting to a predetermined DC voltage" means adjusting to a DC voltage capable of charging water particles, for example, 0.5 kV, which is the voltage range capable of charging water particles. 20 kV (+0.5 kV to +20 kV or -0.5 kV to -20 kV).

The polarity reversing circuit 68 determines whether or not to switch the polarity of the predetermined DC voltage adjusted and output by the high voltage variable circuit 66 according to the control signal from the control unit 21 of the operation panel 14, and the induction electrode unit The polarity of the DC voltage applied between 60 and the water side electrode section 62 is adjusted.

For example, when the high voltage variable circuit 66 adjusts the predetermined DC voltage to a +10 kV DC voltage (positive DC voltage) and the polarity reversing circuit 68 does not switch the polarity, the water side electrode section 62 is set at the reference potential. (Earth potential, 0 V), the potential of the induction electrode section 60 is +10 kV, and the DC voltage (positive DC voltage) of +10 kV that makes the potential of the induction electrode section 60 higher than the potential of the water side electrode section 62 is the induction electrode section. 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 . As a result, the water particles sprayed from the charging spray head 32 are negatively charged.

On the other hand, when the high voltage variable circuit 66 adjusts the predetermined DC voltage to a +10 kV DC voltage (positive DC voltage) and the polarity reversing circuit 68 switches the polarity, the water side electrode section 62 is set to the reference potential ( The potential of the induction electrode section 60 is -10 kV as the ground potential, 0 V), and the -10 kV DC voltage (negative DC voltage) at which the potential of the induction electrode section 60 is lower than the potential of the water side electrode section 62 is the induction electrode. applied between the portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 . As a result, the water particles sprayed from the charging spray head 32 are positively charged.

(c5. Abnormal current detection circuit)
The abnormal current detection circuit 74 functioning as an abnormal current detection section will be described in more detail. The abnormal current detection circuit 74 detects an abnormal current flowing between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 due to an insulation abnormality for each of the plurality of charging spray heads 32 . Here, the insulation abnormality is an electrical insulation abnormality, and is a concept including insulation deterioration, insulation failure, dielectric breakdown, short circuit, and the like.

A series circuit of a current limiting resistor 76, an induction electrode section 60, a water side electrode section 62, and a current detection resistor 78 is provided for the branch line of the voltage application cable 24a branched for each charging spray head 32, and an abnormal current is detected. The signal cable 26f from the detection circuit 74 is connected to the water side electrode portion 62 side of each current detection resistor 78 by a separate signal line, and the ground cable 24b is connected to the abnormal current detection circuit 74, whereby each current detection resistor 78 is input to the abnormal current detection circuit 74 as a current detection voltage signal.

Here, the resistance value of the current limiting resistor 76 is set to a predetermined resistance value, for example, in the range of 1 to 10 MΩ, and the resistance value of the current detection resistor 78 is arbitrary, but sufficiently lower than the resistance value of the current limiting resistor 76. A resistance value, for example, a predetermined resistance value in the range of 1 to 10 kΩ. Specifically, the resistance value of the current detection resistor 78 is determined so that the voltage across the current detection resistor 78 due to the abnormal current flowing due to the insulation abnormality of the charging spray head 32 is below a predetermined low voltage, for example, 10 V or below. That is, the current flowing through the current detection resistor 78 becomes maximum when the induction electrode portion 60 of the charging spray head 32 and the water side electrode portion 62 are short-circuited, and the voltage across the current detection resistor 78 also becomes the maximum voltage. Therefore, the resistance value of the current detection resistor 78 is determined so that this maximum voltage is, for example, 10 V or less.

In addition, since the signal cable 26f is connected to the water side electrode portion 62 side of each current detection resistor 78 with a separate signal line, the abnormal current detection circuit 74 detects an abnormal current associated with poor insulation for each charging spray head 32. Since ten charging spray heads 32 are provided in the present embodiment (see FIG. 2), abnormal current detection signals E1 to E10 corresponding to the charging spray heads 32 in which abnormal currents are detected to the control unit 21, and its configuration and function are arbitrary. For example, the comparator receives a current detection voltage signal, which is the voltage across the current detection resistor 78 provided on the side of the corresponding charging spray head 32, and when the current detection voltage signal exceeds or exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage, , detects an abnormal current, rises from the L level to the H level, and outputs an abnormal current detection signal.

As the comparator that operates, the type and configuration of the comparator are arbitrary, but for example, a Schmidt trigger circuit is used. The Schmitt trigger circuit outputs an abnormal current detection signal by rising from an L level to an H level when the current detection voltage signal exceeds the first threshold voltage. When the output falls below the low second threshold voltage, the output falls from the H level to the L level, thereby stopping the output of the abnormal current detection signal, and the abnormal current detection signal is stable against fluctuations in the current detection voltage signal due to so-called hysteresis characteristics. allows the output of

In this way, the current detection resistor 78 and the abnormal current detection circuit 74 are provided on the reference potential side, and the resistance value of the current detection resistor 78 is sufficiently lower than the resistance value of the current limiting resistor 76. By configuring the circuit so that the voltage across the current detection resistor 78 due to an abnormal current flowing due to an insulation abnormality is low, the abnormal current detection circuit 74 does not require a special circuit component for high voltage, and the abnormal current can be detected. Since a high voltage is not applied to the circuit 74, it is not necessary to have an insulation structure that can handle high voltage, and the insulation structure can be simplified. The head 32 can be detected simply and easily and without compromising safety.

The control unit 21 to which the abnormal current detection signals E1 to E10 from the abnormal current detection circuit 74 are input responds to the input abnormal current detection signal when any one of the abnormal current detection signals E1 to E10 is input. Detection of an abnormal current in the charging spray head 32 is determined, and control is performed to stop applying high voltage to the charging spray head 32 in which the abnormal current is detected. In order to perform the stop control, a selection circuit 72 is provided in the high-voltage power supply unit 18, and a switch circuit 75 is provided in each branch line of the voltage application cable 24a. The selection circuit 72 receives a control signal for turning on and off the switch circuit from the control unit 21, and the signal cable 26e from the selection circuit 72 is connected to each switch circuit 75 by a separate signal line. there is

The selection circuit 72 detects an abnormal current by outputting an off actuation signal to the switch circuit 75 corresponding to the electrified spray head 32 in which the abnormal current is detected in response to a control signal from the control unit 21 to turn it off. The application of high voltage to the electrified spray head 32 is stopped to ensure the safety of the operator.

Further, when any one of the abnormal current detection signals E1 to E10 is input to the control unit 21 and it is determined that an abnormal current has been detected in any of the charging spray heads 32, the control unit 21 stops applying voltage to all the charging spray heads 32. may In order to perform the simultaneous stop control, a switch circuit 77 is provided in the line between the earth cable 24b and the current detection resistor 78. They are connected by signal lines. In this case, the selection circuit 72 outputs an OFF actuation signal to all the switch circuits 75 and 77 in response to the control signal from the control unit 21 to turn them off, so that all the charging spray heads 32 are turned off. Stop applying high voltage.

[d. Extinguishing agent supply unit]
The extinguishing agent supply unit 16 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in more detail. The extinguishing agent supply unit 16 supplies an extinguishing agent such as fire extinguishing water to the charged water particle emitting unit 10, and its configuration and structure are arbitrary. Since it is mounted on a ladder fire engine, the extinguishing agent supply unit 16 is configured by a pressurized water supply device including a fire extinguishing pump provided on the fire engine or a pressurized water supply system. Water sources in this case include water tanks mounted on fire trucks and fire hydrants connected to hoses. Also, the extinguishing agent supply unit 16 is operated by the operation of the operation panel 14 to start or stop the discharge to supply and stop the fire extinguishing water.

In addition, the water pipe 22 from the extinguishing agent supply unit 16 is branched at the connection part of the charged water particle emission unit 10, and is provided in the charged water particle generation unit 30 of the charged water particle emission unit 10 via the on-off valve 35. It is connected to a plurality of charged spray heads 32 . In addition, when the charged water particle spraying system is mounted on a ladder fire engine, the water pipe 22 has a known expandable pipe structure that expands and contracts according to the length of the ladder in the ladder part of the ladder fire engine. .

Each on-off valve 35 provided corresponding to the charging spray head 32 is connected to the signal cable 26d from the control unit 21 by separate signal lines, and is individually driven to open and close according to the control signal from the control unit 21. . The control unit 21 performs control for adjusting the spray amount of the charged water particles sprayed from the plurality of charged spray heads 32, for example, based on the operation of the operator, and the method for adjusting the spray amount is arbitrary. The amount of spray from the charged spray head 32 is adjusted by changing the number of open/close valves 35 that are driven to open or by changing the amount of fire extinguishing water supplied from the extinguishing agent supply unit 16 .

[e. Charge polarity switching control of charged water particles]
The charging polarity switching control of the charged water particles contained in the charged water particle airflow discharged from the charged water particle discharge unit 10 will be described in more detail. The charge polarity switching control of the charged water particles contained in the charged water particle airflow discharged from the charged water particle discharge unit 10 is performed by the suction device 82, the charge detector 80, and the control unit 21 of the operation panel 14 shown in FIG. It is what is done.

(e1. suction device)
The suction device 82 will be described in more detail. The suction device 82 is for sucking the particulate mixture containing the smoke particles of the generated fire from the fire compartment side toward the charge detector 80, and its structure and function are arbitrary. As shown, it is composed of a sampling tube 84, tubes 85 and 86, a suction pump 88, a rod member 90, a bearing 92, and a weight 94. Among them, the rod member 90, the support portion 92 and the weight 94 function as a holding device that holds the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85 so as to be movable.

(e1-1. Sampling tube)
Sampling tube 84 will now be described in more detail. The sampling pipe 84 is a hollow member for sucking the particulate air-fuel mixture in the fire compartment of the building from the suction port 84a at the tip. It is a pipe or the like, and is insulated from the supported rod member 90 and the connected tube 85 so as to be in a non-grounded state. In addition, although the diameter and length of the sampling tube 84 are arbitrary, the operator can secure a safe distance from the fire compartment and aspirate the particulate mixture from the suction port 84a at the tip of the sampling tube 84. For example, the diameter is about 2 to 3 cm and the length is about 1 to 2 m.

(e1-2. Tube)
Tube 85 will be described in more detail. The tube 85 is a flexible hollow member that connects the sampling tube 84 to the inlet of the charge detector 80. The tube 85 may have any structure and material, but may be made of flexible synthetic resin or rubber, for example. They are tubes, hoses, and the like.

A heating portion 85 a is provided at one end of the tube 85 connected to the inlet of the charge detector 80 . The heating unit 85a heats the space inside the tube 85 through which the particulate air-fuel mixture sucked from the sampling pipe 84 passes in order to suppress or prevent dew condensation on the inner wall of the tube due to the suction of the particulate air-fuel mixture. Although the function is arbitrary, for example, a self-regulating heater wire that generates heat when energized is wound around the tube 85 .

The particulate mixture drawn from the fire compartment into the sampling tube 84 is hot and contains water vapor in addition to particulates (smoke particles). Since the sucked hot particulate mixture is cooled while passing through the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85, condensation may occur on the inner walls of the tubes. When condensation occurs on the inner wall of the tube 85, the fine particles of the sucked fine-particle mixture are attracted to the water droplets on the inner wall of the tube, causing partial loss of the fine particles contained in the fine-particle mixture. Therefore, by providing the heating unit 85a to heat the tube 85, condensation due to the cooling of the fine particle mixture is suppressed or prevented, and the fine particle mixture reaches the entrance of the charge detector 80 without losing the contained particles. It is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture.

In the present embodiment, the heating portion 85a is provided at one end of the tube 85 connected to the charge detector 80, but any suitable position may be used as long as dew condensation can be suppressed or prevented. Similarly, the sampling pipe 84 may also be provided with a heating section to suppress or prevent dew condensation on the inner wall of the sampling pipe 84 .

(e1-3. Suction pump)
Suction pump 88 will be described in more detail. A suction pump 88 has a suction port connected to the outlet of the charge detector 80 via a tube 86 , sucks the particulate mixture through the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85 , and passes the particulate mixture through the charge detector 80 . It exhausts air to the outside. The structure and function of the suction pump 88 are arbitrary, but an appropriate pump such as an axial flow pump that sucks and discharges gas by motor drive is used. Although the tube 86 may have any structure or material, it may be a synthetic resin or rubber tube, hose, or the like, similar to the tube 85 described above.

(e2. Holding device)
The retaining device will now be described in more detail. The holding device movably holds the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85 so that the suction port 84a of the sampling pipe 84 is inserted into the particulate mixture generated in the fire compartment, and its structure and function are arbitrary. is composed of, for example, a rod member 90 , a support portion 92 and a weight 94 .

The rod member 90 is an elongated member that holds the sampling tube 84 and the tube 85 along the direction in which the tube 85 extends. It is a rigid metal rod, pipe, or the like, and its length is arbitrary, but it is, for example, about 2 to 3 m. Further, the rod member 90 is provided so that the tip of the rod member 90 is arranged on the outer periphery of the sampling tube 84 on the side of the suction port 84a when the tube 85 is contracted to the maximum. 85 is held and the tube 85 is extended, the tip of the rod member 90 moves along the extension direction of the sampling tube 84 while the rod member 90 holds the sampling tube 84 and the tube 85 .

If the tip of the rod member 90 is also inserted into the fire compartment depending on the amount of insertion of the sampling tube 84 into the fire compartment, the rod member 90 is made to have heat resistance like the sampling tube 84 . In addition, the point of contact between the tip of the rod member 90 and the outer circumference of the sampling tube 84 on the side of the suction port 84a is fixed as a member having flexibility rather than a member having rigidity in the extending direction of the tube 85, and the extension of the tube 85 ( The rod member 90 may be extended (reduced) according to the contraction.

The support portion 92 adjusts the positions of the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85 held by the rod member 90 so that the suction port 84a of the sampling pipe 84 is at an arbitrary position corresponding to the fire compartment. is movably supported.

Although the structure and mechanism of the support portion 92 are arbitrary, for example, a three-dimensional swivel structure is used. A support shaft portion 92b, which serves as a vertical support shaft, is erected, and a U-shaped support portion 92c, for example, which detachably supports the rod member 90 at the upper end of the support shaft portion 92b, is rotated around the support shaft (right and left). While being movably supported, it is also rotatably supported around a horizontal axis (up and down) located at the height of the support portion 92c in the left-right direction perpendicular to the support shaft.

By supporting the rod member 90 on the support portion 92c of the support portion 92, the rod member 90 can move not only in the longitudinal direction, which is the extension direction, but also in the left-right and up-down directions. The tip of the rod member 90 positioned on the outer periphery of the sampling pipe 84 can be turned in the left-right direction and the up-down direction. As a result, the position of the suction port 84a of the sampling pipe 84 can be adjusted in all of the vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal directions.

Furthermore, a weight 94 is arranged on the rear end side of the rod member 90 . The weight 94 is arranged so that the moment of force on the front end side holding the sampling pipe 84 and the tube 85 of the rod member 90 with the support portion 92 as a fulcrum and the moment of force on the rear end side where the weight 94 is disposed are substantially the same. Secondly, the weight of the weight 94 is set so that the rod member 90 is balanced so as to maintain its horizontal state.

Further, the rod member 90 may be moved in the extension direction by moving the basket 120 at the tip of the extendable ladder 118 shown in FIG. 9, for example.

(e3. Charge detector)
Charge detector 80 will be described in more detail. The charge detector 80 detects the charge polarity of the fine particles (smoke particles) contained in the fine particle mixture generated in the fire compartment, that is, whether the charge polarity of the fine particles is negative or positive. Although the structure and function are arbitrary, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A and the cross section viewed from the left in FIG. be. Note that FIG. 7B shows the electrode structure and the charge detection unit 105 as viewed from the rear.

(e3-1. Electrode structure)
The electrode structure of charge detector 80 will be described in more detail. The electrode structure of the charge detector 80 is arbitrary, but for example, it is composed of a cylindrical electrode 95 and a Faraday cage 96 .

The cylindrical electrode 95 is an electrode conductor formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion, and allows the particulate mixture 100 sucked by the suction device 82 to pass from the entrance side at one end of the hollow portion to the exit side at the other end. is. Here, FIG. 7 shows a cylindrical cylindrical electrode 95, but it is not limited to a cylindrical shape. If possible, the shape of the cylindrical cross section may be polygonal, elliptical, or the like.

The Faraday cage 96 suppresses the effects of electrical disturbance factors (noise) on the cylindrical electrode 95 by covering the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode 95 with a grounded conductor that is electrically insulated from the cylindrical electrode 95. Or it creates a space to prevent it and functions as an electromagnetic shield. The structure and shape of the Faraday cage 96 are arbitrary, but it is composed of conductive outer cylinders 98a and 98b, for example.

The outer cylindrical body 98a is arranged to surround the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode 95 on the entrance side. It is a stepped cylindrical body in which a small-diameter cylindrical portion that serves as an eaves portion is continuously provided, and a flange is provided at the end of the large-diameter cylindrical portion. The cylindrical hole of the large-diameter cylindrical portion has an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical electrode 95 plus an insulating space (insulating space), and the insulating space (insulating space) is approximately half the length from the entrance of the cylindrical electrode 95. added length. The inlet hole passing through the small-diameter cylindrical portion has the same inner diameter as the inner diameter of the cylindrical electrode 95 .

The outer cylindrical body 98b is arranged to surround the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode 95 on the outlet side, and has the same structure as the outer cylindrical body 98a.

The Faraday cage 96 is formed by inserting the large-diameter cylindrical holes of the outer cylindrical bodies 98a and 98b into the inlet side and the outlet side of the cylindrical electrode 95 with the insulating rings 102 interposed therebetween. By connecting and fixing with screws, the outer circumference of the cylindrical electrode 95 is covered while the cylindrical electrode 95 is electrically insulated from the outside of the Faraday cage 96 . Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, the outer cylinders 98a and 98b have flattened upper sides of the flanges, and a grounded conductor case 104 is attached and fixed to the flattened portions to form a Faraday cage 96. electrically grounded.

Further, in the Faraday cage 96, the length L of the small-diameter cylindrical portions of the outer cylindrical bodies 98a and 98b is set to be at least twice the inner diameter D of the cylindrical electrode 95. As shown in FIG. By setting the length L of the small-diameter cylindrical portion of the outer cylindrical bodies 98 a and 98 b to be at least twice the inner diameter D of the cylindrical electrode 95 , the outer diameter of the cylindrical electrode 95 is increased through the inlet and outlet of the Faraday cage 96 . It is possible to suppress or prevent noise from.

A cylindrical electrode 95 surrounded by a Faraday cage 96 has a conductor 108 erected at substantially the center of the outer periphery. Therefore, the Faraday cage 96 and the conductor case 104 are provided with openings for the conductors 108 to pass through.

(e3-2. Charge detection unit)
The charge detection unit 105 will be described in more detail. The charge detection unit 105 converts the induced charge of the same polarity as the charged fine particles attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 by the charge of the charged fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 passing through the cylindrical electrode 95 into a voltage signal. , and its configuration and function are arbitrary, but for example, it is composed of an operational amplifier 106 and a resistor 110 . In practice, operational amplifier 106 and resistor 110 are mounted on circuit board 112 .

The operational amplifier 106 has an inverting input terminal (− input terminal) connected to the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode 95 via the conductor 108, a non-inverting input terminal (+ input terminal) connected to the conductor case 104 on the ground side, and an output The terminal is connected to the inverting input terminal via a resistor 110 to provide negative feedback, and is also connected to the determination unit 114. The imaginary short operation (virtual ground operation) of the operational amplifier 106 is used to convert the induced charge into a voltage signal. It constitutes a conversion circuit.

Here, the imaginary short operation of the operational amplifier 106 means that when negative feedback is applied to the operational amplifier 106 via the resistor 110, the potential difference between the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 106 becomes 0 V (virtual ground). is to operate as

(e3-3. Operation of charge detector)
The charge detection operation of the charge detection unit 105 for detecting the charges of the charged fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture will be described in more detail. FIG. 8A shows the charge detection operation when the fine particle mixture particles passing through the cylindrical electrode 95 of the charge detection section 105 are positively charged. When positively charged fine particles pass through the cylindrical electrode 95 , negative charges are attracted to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 , and opposite positive charges are attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 . is induced. Therefore, the voltage on the side of the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 106 corresponds to the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal (earth potential, 0 V) corresponding to the positive charge attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95.
+Vq for

At this time, as an imaginary short operation of the operational amplifier 106, the voltage +Vq of the inverting input terminal is set to the same voltage as the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal (earth potential, 0 V) from the output terminal through the resistor 110. A current Iq flows through 110 to the inverting input terminal. Therefore, the output voltage of the operational amplifier 106 becomes +Vq, and a charge detection voltage signal corresponding to the positive charge of the charged microparticles passing through the cylindrical electrode 95 is output.

Here, when the fine particle mixture 100 containing charged fine particles of positive polarity passes through the cylindrical electrode 95, the distance from the inlet to the conductor 108 decreases until the charged fine particles reach the position where the conductor 108 stands up. The positive charge attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 increases according to , the positive charge peaks at the position where the conductor 108 stands, and the positive charge decreases as the distance from the conductor 108 increases, The charge detection voltage signal +Vq output from the operational amplifier 106 also changes according to the change in the positive charge attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 . Also, when positively charged fine particles emerge from the cylindrical electrode 95 , negative charges, which are the opposite polarity, are attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 . Therefore, at this timing, the charge detection voltage signal output from the operational amplifier 106 changes to -Vq. That is, when positively charged fine particles pass through the cylindrical electrode 95, the operational amplifier 106 outputs a charge detection voltage signal that differentially changes from a positive voltage +Vq to a negative voltage -Vq.

FIG. 8B shows the charge detection operation when the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 passing through the cylindrical electrode 95 of the charge detection section 105 are negatively charged. When negatively charged fine particles pass through the cylindrical electrode 95 , positive charges are attracted to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 , and opposite negative charges are attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95 . be induced. Therefore, the voltage on the inverting input terminal side of the operational amplifier 106 becomes -Vq with respect to the voltage on the non-inverting input terminal (earth potential, 0 V) in response to the negative charge attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95. .

At this time, as an imaginary short operation of the operational amplifier 106, the voltage -Vq of the inverting input terminal is set to the same voltage as the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal (earth potential, 0 V) from the output via the resistor 110 via the resistor 110. current Iq flows from the inverting input terminal to the output terminal. Therefore, the output voltage of the operational amplifier 106 becomes -Vq, and a charge detection voltage signal corresponding to the negative charge of the charged microparticles passing through the cylindrical electrode 95 is output. Further, when the charged fine particles of negative polarity come out of the cylindrical electrode 95, positive charges of the opposite polarity are attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical electrode 95, and at this timing, the charge detection voltage output from the operational amplifier 106 The signal changes to +Vq. That is, when negative charged fine particles pass through the tubular conductor 95, the operational amplifier 106 outputs a charge detection voltage signal that differentially changes from a negative voltage -Vq to a positive voltage +Vq.

(e4. Determination unit)
The determination unit 114 will be described in more detail. In the present embodiment, the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is detected by the determination unit 114 based on the charge detection voltage signal output from the charge detection unit 105. It is done by The determination unit 114 determines the charge polarity of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 based on the charge detection voltage signal output from the charge detection unit 105, and outputs the result to the control unit 21. The determination method is as follows. Optionally, for example, the charge polarity of the charged particles is determined based on the integration result of the charge detection voltage signal output from the charge detection unit 105, and the integration result of the charge detection signal voltage signal is the input charge detection signal voltage. It is generated in time series by integrating the signal at any time.

Judgment unit 114 judges that the charge polarity of the charged microparticles is negative when the integrated value of the charge detection voltage signal shows a decreasing tendency with the lapse of time from the generated integration result. When the integrated value of shows an increasing tendency with the lapse of time, the charge polarity of the charged fine particles is determined to be positive. Note that the determination unit 114 may be provided in the control unit 21 instead of the charge detector 80 .

(e5. Switching control of charged polarity of charged water particles)
The switching control of the charging polarity of the charged water particles by the control unit 21 will be described in more detail. Based on the charge polarity of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 determined by the determination section 114 of the charge detector 80, the control section 21 is included in the charged water particle airflow 12 emitted from the charged water particle emission section 10. The switching control is performed so that the charge polarity of the charged water particles is opposite to the charge polarity of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 .

When the determination unit 114 of the charge detector 80 determines that the charged polarity of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 is positive, the control unit 21 controls the charged water particle airflow 12 emitted from the charged water particle discharge unit 10 to contain the fine particles. The charged polarity of the charged water particles is switched to the negative polarity. When the charged water particle stream 12 containing negatively charged water particles is released into the fire compartment, the positively charged fine particles (smoke particles) contained in the fine particle mixture are statically charged by the negatively charged water particles. It is adsorbed by electric power and captured and removed, resulting in high smoke-extinguishing performance.

Here, the switching of the charging polarity of the charged water particles to the negative polarity by the control section 21 is performed by applying a high voltage that makes the potential of the induction electrode section 60 of the charging spray head 32 positive with respect to the potential of the water side electrode section 62. The polarity reversing circuit 68 of the high-voltage power supply unit 18 is controlled so as to do so.

Further, when the determination unit 114 of the charge detector 80 determines that the charge polarity of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture 100 is negative, the control unit 21 controls the charged water particle airflow 12 emitted from the charged water particle emission unit 10. The charged polarity of the charged water particles contained in is switched to positive polarity. When the charged water particle airflow 12 containing positively charged water particles is released, the negatively charged fine particles (smoke particles) contained in the fine particle mixture are attracted to the positively charged water particles by electrostatic force. and is captured and removed, resulting in high smoke-extinguishing performance.

Here, the switching of the charging polarity of the charged water particles to the positive polarity by the control unit 21 is performed by applying a high voltage such that the electric potential of the induction electrode unit 60 of the charging spray head 32 becomes negative with respect to the electric potential of the water side electrode unit 62. The polarity reversing circuit 68 of the high-voltage power supply unit 18 is controlled so as to do so.

[f. Type of fire and charge polarity of charged water particles]
The relationship between the charge polarity of the charged water particles contained in the charged water particle airflow 12 emitted from the charged water particle discharge unit 10 and the type of fire will be described in more detail.

According to the findings of the inventors of the present application, it has been experimentally confirmed that there is a specific correspondence between the type of fire and the electrification polarity of charged water particles in order to obtain high fire-extinguishing and smoke-extinguishing performance. there is

(f1. Charge polarity of water particles for wood fire)
A wood fire is a fire in which cellulose-based wood, paper, or the like burns, and generates relatively white or gray smoke (white smoke or ash smoke). Note that water vapor is not included in the white smoke. When comparing the case of spraying positively charged water particles and the case of spraying negatively charged water particles against a wood fire, for example, the time from the start of spraying until the smoke concentration drops to a predetermined level is the same as the negatively charged water particles. When water particles are sprayed, the time is shorter than when positively charged water particles are sprayed, and with respect to wood fires, negatively charged water particles provide higher smoke elimination performance.

(f2. Charged polarity of water particles for oil fire)
Oil fires are fires in which liquid fuels including hydrocarbons, oils and fats, synthetic resins, etc. are burned, and are fires that generate relatively black smoke (black smoke), and are conveniently called oil fires. Regarding oil fires, when comparing the case of spraying positively charged water particles and the case of spraying negatively charged water particles, for example, the time from the start of spraying until the smoke concentration drops to a predetermined level is almost the same, and the smoke is extinguished. Although there is no difference in smoke performance, it has been found that the spraying of negatively charged water particles does not impair the smoke elimination performance even if the spraying amount is reduced.

(f3. Initial setting of water particle charge polarity)
Until the determination unit 114 of the charge detector 80 of the present embodiment determines the charge characteristics of the fine particles contained in the fine particle mixture generated in the fire compartment and the control unit 21 switches and controls the charge polarity of the charged water particles. It may take time, and it is necessary to initially set a predetermined charge polarity as the charge polarity of the charged water particles. In this case, as mentioned above, in the case of oil fires, there is no difference in extinguishing and smoke elimination performance depending on the charged polarity of the charged water particles, and in the case of wood fires, the charged polarity of charged water particles should be negative. Since the smoke elimination performance is high, it can be said that the initial setting of the charge polarity of the charged water particles is preferably negative.

Therefore, the control unit 21 is initially set so that the charged water particles contained in the charged water particle airflow 12 discharged into the fire compartment are charged to the negative polarity. Initial setting is performed when the charge polarity of the negative-polarity fine particle mixture, which is the same polarity as the charged water particles, is determined by the determination unit 114 of the charge detector 80 during the discharge of the contained charged water particle airflow 12. It is assumed that the charge polarity is switched and controlled so that the charged water particles are charged from the negative polarity to the opposite brass polarity.

Here, the initial setting so that the charged water particles are negatively charged means that the charged water particle airflow 12 is released and activated without requiring the operator to set the polarity of the charged water particles. Then, the high voltage power supply 18 is set to apply a high voltage to the charging spray head 32 so that the potential of the induction electrode section 60 of the charging spray head 32 becomes positive with respect to the potential of the water side electrode section 62. means.

[g. Operation board]
The operation panel 14 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in more detail. The operation panel 14 is an operation unit for an operator to operate the charged water particle spraying system of the present embodiment. Operation for adjusting the discharge direction of the charged water particle airflow 12 from the water particle discharge unit 10, adjustment operation for the amount of spray from each charged spray head 32, selection of the type of voltage to be applied by the high voltage power supply unit 18, voltage adjustment, and polarity switching including the operation of

The operation panel 14 is provided with an operation display section 20 and a control section 21 . The operation display unit 20 is provided with various operation buttons, operation levers, displays, indicator lamps, etc. necessary for remote operation of the charged water particle emission unit 10 . The control unit 21 outputs a control signal based on the operation of the operator through the operation display unit 20, etc., and controls the charged water particle emission unit 10 and the like. It is composed of a computer circuit having a memory, various input/output ports, etc., and a predetermined control function is realized by execution of a program by the CPU.

[h. Ladder fire engine equipped with a charged water particle spray system]
Fire extinguishing, fire prevention, and smoke extinguishing by the ladder fire truck equipped with the charged water particle spraying system of the present embodiment will be described in more detail. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of fire extinguishing, fire prevention, and smoke extinguishing operations by a ladder fire engine equipped with the charged water particle spraying system of this embodiment at a fire site. The charged water particle discharge unit 10, the charge detector 80 and the suction device 82 shown in FIG. is provided on the ladder fire engine 76 side.

For example, if a fire breaks out on the third floor of a building 122, the ladder fire engine 116 that has arrived at the fire site moves the charged water particle emitting unit 10 provided in the basket 120 toward an outer wall opening such as a window of the building. , the ladder 118 is extended. Subsequently, by performing a discharge activation operation for discharging the charged water particle airflow 12 from the operation panel 14, the fire extinguishing water is supplied from the extinguishing agent water supply unit 16 to the charged water particle discharge unit 10, and the high voltage power supply unit 18 , a high voltage is applied to the charged water particle emitting unit 10 , and the air blowing unit 28 is activated by a control signal from the operation panel 14 . As a result, the charged water particles sprayed from the charged spray head 32 and sprayed from the charged spray head 32 in accordance with the initial settings are contained in the air flow from the air blower 28, and the charged water particle air flow 12 is directed toward the fire compartment 124. will be released.

In addition, when the ladder 118 is extended and the charged water particle emitting part 10 provided in the basket 120 is brought closer to the outer wall opening such as the window of the building, the sampling pipe of the suction device 82 arranged above the charged water particle emitting part 10 84 is inserted into a particulate mixture containing fire smoke particles occurring in fire compartment 124 , and suction device 82 draws the particulate mixture to reach charge detector 80 . The charge polarity of the particulate mixture is detected. Further, as described above, the position of the sampling tube 84 can be adjusted in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction, so that the operator sitting on the basket 120 can adjust the insertion position of the sampling tube 84 .

In addition, after the discharge of the charged water particle stream 12 has started, the direction of the charged water particle stream 12 is adjusted vertically and/or horizontally by the operation of the operation panel 14 by the operator to direct the charged water particle stream 12 to the fire section 124. You can adjust the emission direction. In addition, the control unit 21 switches and controls the charge polarity of the charged water particles so that the voltage polarity of the voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply unit 18 is opposite to the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector 80. .

In addition, the operator can adjust the discharge direction of the charged water particle stream 12, adjust the applied voltage by the high voltage power supply unit 18, and adjust the applied voltage polarity according to the situation of extinguishing and eliminating smoke by discharging the charged water particle stream 12, as necessary. , and discharges the charged water particle airflow 12 containing charged water particles with a charge amount and charge polarity suitable for extinguishing and eliminating smoke at the fire site to the fire compartment 124 to extinguish, prevent fire, and extinguish smoke. become.

[i. Control operation of charged water particle spraying system]
An example of the control operation of the charged water particle spraying system by the controller 21 will be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

The charged water particle spraying system is activated, and the control operation shown in FIG. 10 is performed by the controller 21 of the operation panel 14 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 10, the control unit 21 initially sets the charging polarity of the charged water particles contained in the charged water particle airflow 12 to be released in step S1 to negative polarity, and the operator activates the release of the operation panel 14 in step S2. When the discharge start instruction is determined by an operation or the like, the process proceeds to step S3, and the extinguishing agent supply unit 16 is activated to supply the extinguishing agent, for example, fire extinguishing water to the charged spray heads 32 provided in the charged water particle emitting unit 10, and step S4. According to the initial setting, the water particles are charged to a negative polarity, and a charged water particle stream 12 containing the charged water particles charged to a negative polarity is emitted toward the fire compartment.

Subsequently, the control unit 21 determines whether or not the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector 80 in step S5, that is, the charge polarity of the so-called fine particles (smoke particles) is negative. If the polarity is negative, the flow advances to step S6, where the charging polarity of the charged water particles is switched to positive, and the charged water particle airflow 12 is emitted. Moreover, when the charged polarity of the charged water particles is already positive, the switching control is not performed.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S5 that the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is not negative, that is, that the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is positive, the process proceeds to step S7, and the charge polarity of the charged water particles is switched to negative. emits a stream 12 of charged water particles. However, when the process first proceeds to step S7, since the water particles have been negatively charged in step S4 based on the initial setting, switching control is not performed in order to maintain the negative charging polarity.

Subsequently, when the control unit 21 determines in step S8 that the amount of spray from the charging spray head 32 has been changed by the operator's operation or the like, the process proceeds to step S9, where the opening/closing valve 35 shown in FIG. The number of electrified spray heads 32 for spraying is selected to change the spray amount. Further, the amount of spray from the charging spray head 32 may be adjusted by changing the supply amount of the fire extinguishing agent to the charging spray head 32 from the fire extinguishing agent supply unit 16 .

Subsequently, when the controller 21 determines in step S10 that the charge amount of the charged water particles has been changed by the operator's operation or the like, the controller 21 proceeds to step S11, and adjusts the voltage applied from the high-voltage power supply 18 to the charged spray head 32. Change the charge amount of charged water particles.

Subsequently, the control unit 21 proceeds to step S12, and when the abnormal current detection circuit 74 shown in FIG. Application stop control is performed to stop the application of high voltage to the charging spray head 32 in which the abnormal current is detected. Note that the application stop control may stop the application of the high voltage to all heads including the charging spray head 32 in which the abnormal current is detected.

Subsequently, the control unit 21 advances to step S14, and repeats the processing from step S5 until it determines a discharge end instruction by an operator's operation or the like. Predetermined emission end processing for stopping the emission of the particle stream 12 is performed, and the process ends.

[j. Modification of the present invention]
(fire engine)
In the above embodiment, the charged water particle spraying system is mounted on a ladder fire engine as an example. If it is a fire engine, it does not prevent it from being mounted on an appropriate fire engine. For example, in the case of an aerial work fire engine, the charged water particle emitting unit 10 may be provided on the high altitude work platform, and in the case of a fire engine with a boom, the charged water particle emitting unit 10 may be provided at the tip of the boom. Furthermore, the charged water particle emitting unit 10 may be mounted on a self-propelled tracked vehicle, moved to a fire compartment inaccessible to humans by remote control, and charged water particle airflow may be injected.

(high voltage supply unit)
In the above embodiment, a DC voltage is applied between the induction electrode portion 60 and the water side electrode portion 62 of the charging fine spray head 32 from the high-voltage power supply portion 18, but a pulse voltage is applied in addition to the DC voltage. , pulsating current voltage, AC voltage, or the like may be applied. In addition, when a voltage is applied from the high-voltage power supply unit 18 between the induction electrode unit 60 and the water-side electrode unit 62, voltage adjustment and voltage polarity switching are possible, but the present invention is not limited to this and is optional. For example, the applied voltage and/or voltage polarity may be fixed.

(others)
Moreover, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, includes appropriate modifications that do not impair the objects and advantages thereof, and is not limited by the numerical values shown in the above-described embodiments.

10: Charged water particle discharge unit 12: Charged water particle airflow 14: Operation panel 16: Extinguishing agent supply unit 18: High voltage power supply unit 20: Operation display unit 21: Control unit 22: Water pipe 24: High voltage cable 24a: Voltage application cable 24b: Ground cables 26a to 26f: Signal cable 28: Blower unit 30: Charged water particle generator 31: Support ring 32: Charged spray head 34: Axial fan 35: On-off valve 36: Fan motor 38: Protective cover 40: Mounting frame 42: Rotating support part 44: Horizontal direction adjusting part 46: Horizontal rotating shaft 48: Vertical direction adjusting part 50: Vertical rotating shaft 52: Center of gravity 54: Body 56: Spray nozzle part 58: Electrode holding part 60: Induction electrode Part 62: Water side electrode part 64: Water supply connection part 66: High voltage variable circuit 68: Polarity inversion circuit 72: Selection circuit 74: Abnormal current detection circuits 75, 77: Switch circuit 76: Current limiting resistor 78: Current detection resistor 80 : Charge detector 82: Suction device 84: Sampling tube 84a: Suction ports 85, 86: Tube 85a: Heating part 88: Suction pump 90: Rod member 92: Support part 94: Weight 95: Cylindrical electrode 96: Faraday cage 98a , 98b: Outer cylinder 100: Particulate mixture 102: Insulation ring 104: Conductor case 105: Charge detector 106: Operational amplifier 108: Conductor 112: Circuit board 114: Judgment unit 116: Ladder fire engine 118: Ladder 120: Basket 122 : Building 124: Fire Compartment

Claims (6)

A charged water particle spraying system for spraying charged water particles onto a spray target area,
a plurality of charged spray heads for spraying the charged water particles for spraying onto the spray target area;
an electrification detector that detects the electrification polarity of the fine particle mixture generated in the spraying target area;
a suction device for sucking the fine particle mixture from the spray target area side toward the charge detector;
a control unit that switches and controls the charge polarity of the charged water particles to be sprayed onto the spray target area based on the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector;
with
The charge detector is
a conductive cylindrical electrode formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion and allowing the particulate mixture to pass from one end side to the other end side of the hollow portion;
a Faraday cage having an electrically conductive outer cylinder that is electrically insulated from and grounded over the outer circumference of the cylindrical electrode;
a charge detection unit that converts an induced charge having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture attracted to the outer circumference of the cylindrical electrode by the charge of the fine particle mixture into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal;
a determination unit that determines the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit and outputs the result to the control unit;
A charged water particle spraying system comprising:
The charged water particle spraying system according to claim 1,
The length of eaves of one end side and the other end side of the outer cylindrical body constituting the Faraday cage installed to cover the outer periphery of the cylindrical electrode, exceeding the one end side and the other end side of the cylindrical electrode and a charged water particle spraying system characterized in that the inner diameter of said cylindrical electrode is at least twice as large as said cylindrical electrode.
The charged water particle spraying system according to claim 1 or 2,
The charged water particle spraying system, wherein the determination unit determines the charging polarity of the fine particle mixture based on the integration result of the voltage signal output from the charge detection unit.
The charged water particle spraying system according to claim 3,
The determination unit determines that the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture is negative when the integrated value, which is the result of integration, decreases with time, and when the integrated value increases with time. 2. A charged water particle spraying system, characterized in that the charge polarity of said fine particle mixture is determined to be positive.
The charged water particle spraying system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
At least the electrification spray head, the electrification detector and the suction device are provided at the tip of the ladder of a ladder fire engine, the aerial workbench of a fire engine for aerial work, or the tip of the boom of a fire engine with a boom. A charged water particle spray system.
The charged water particle spraying system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The charged water particle spraying system, wherein the control unit switches the charge polarity of the charged water particles to a charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the fine particle mixture detected by the charge detector.

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