JP2023028914A - Vegetable harvesting system and vegetable harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a vegetable harvesting system that can harvest vegetables sanitarily so as not to damage the vegetables, and to provide a vegetable harvesting method.SOLUTION: A vegetable harvesting system 1 includes: a harvesting robot 15 with a hand 20 for holding a leaf part 3b of a vegetable 3; and a controller 97 for controlling the harvesting robot 15 to operate so that the hand 20 holds and raises a leaf part 3b of a vegetable 3, inverts a vertical direction of the raised leaf part 3b and stores the inverted leaf part 3b in a container 21.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

The disclosed embodiments relate to vegetable harvesting systems and methods.

In Patent Document 1, a planting panel that holds a seedbed piece on which plants are grown with a harvested portion positioned on the upper surface side of the seedbed piece is provided with a cutting position provided with a cutting blade in the conveying path from the upstream side. A root-cutting harvester is described in which, as it passes downstream, a cutting blade cuts between the harvested portion and the roots of a plant grown on a seedbed piece.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-141605

In the process of harvesting plants, it is required to harvest them in a hygienic and non-damaging manner, and the conventional techniques described above are inadequate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vegetable harvesting system and a vegetable harvesting method capable of harvesting vegetables sanitarily and without damaging them.

In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a robot having a hand holding a vegetable, holding and lifting the vegetable with the hand, and inverting the upside down direction of the picked up vegetable. and a controller for controlling the operation of the robot to store the inverted vegetables in a container.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vegetable harvesting method executed by a robot hand, comprising: holding and lifting a vegetable; and storing the vegetables grown in a container in a container.

According to the vegetable harvesting system and the like of the present invention, the vegetables can be harvested sanitarily and without damage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a system block diagram which represents notionally an example of the whole structure seen from above of a vegetable harvesting system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a system block diagram which represents notionally an example of the whole structure seen from the side of a vegetable harvesting system. It is a perspective view showing an example of the whole cultivation shelf composition. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of arrangement|positioning of the rail in each shelf of a cultivation shelf. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of arrangement|positioning of the light source in each shelf part of a cultivation shelf. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a transfer device and a transfer mechanism; FIG. It is a sectional view showing an example of section composition of a holder and a rail. It is a side view showing an example of a structure of a harvesting robot. It is a perspective view showing an example of a structure of a hand. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of motion of a finger member; FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of motion of a finger member; It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. It is explanatory drawing showing an example of operation|movement of a hand. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of hand motion in a modified example in which an elasticity imparting portion is provided at the base end portion of the finger member; FIG. 10 is a side view showing an example of the configuration of the harvesting robot in a modified example in which the harvesting robot has a weight sensor; 3 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration example of a controller; FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. For convenience of explanation of each component of the vegetable harvesting system, directions such as up, down, left, right, front and back shown in each drawing may be used as appropriate, but the orientation and position of each component are not limited.

<1. Overall configuration of vegetable harvesting system>
An example of the overall configuration of a vegetable harvesting system according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 and 2, illustration of the detailed structure of each part is omitted, and the configuration of the entire system is schematically shown.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a vegetable harvesting system 1 holds vegetables 3 to be cultivated with a holding fixture 5, and moves the holding fixture 5 on a cultivation shelf 7 over a predetermined period of time to grow vegetables. It is a system for growing vegetables 3 and harvesting a harvest target portion (for example, a leaf portion 3b) of the vegetables 3. The vegetable harvesting system 1 includes a large number of holders 5, a cultivation shelf 7, a carry-in device 9, a transfer device 11, a transfer mechanism 13, a harvest robot 15, a container conveyor 17, and a carry-out device 19. .

As shown in FIG. 1, the vegetable harvesting system 1 has two cultivation racks 7 arranged side by side in the left-right direction. On the cultivation shelf 7, the vegetables 3 are grown by moving the holder 5 holding the vegetables 3 over a predetermined period. The number of cultivation racks 7 that the vegetable harvesting system 1 has is not limited to two, and may be one or three or more.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the carrying-in device 9 carries into the vegetable harvesting system 1 the holder 5 holding the vegetables 3 whose seeds have been sown and germinated, for example. The carry-in device 9 is, for example, a conveyor. The holders 5 carried in by the carry-in device 9 are transferred to the respective cultivation shelves 7 by the transfer device 11 arranged behind the two cultivation shelves 7 . As the carrying-in device 9, for example, an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) may be used, or for example, a worker may carry in using a trolley or the like.

The transfer devices 11 are arranged on both front and rear sides of each of the two cultivation shelves 7 . Each transfer device 11 transfers the holders 5 from shelf to shelf at both front and rear ends of the cultivation shelf 7 . Further, the transfer device 11 arranged behind the cultivation shelf 7 transfers the holder 5 transported by the carrying-in device 9 to the cultivation shelf 7 as described above. A transfer device 11 arranged in front of the cultivation shelf 7 transfers the holder 5 holding the vegetables 3 grown on the cultivation shelf 7 to the delivery mechanism 13 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the transfer mechanism 13 is arranged along the left-right direction so as to extend over the two cultivation shelves 7 . As shown in FIG. 2, the transfer mechanism 13 is arranged below the bottom shelf 7a of each cultivation shelf 7, for example. The delivery mechanism 13 conveys the holders 5 transferred from each of the two cultivation shelves 7 to the harvesting position on the rear side of the harvesting robot 15 . The transfer mechanism 13 also has a cutter 53 (see FIGS. 6, 8, and 15 described later), which cuts the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 so as to be separated from the holder 5. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a harvesting robot 15 (an example of a robot) includes a hand 20 that holds a leaf portion 3 b of a vegetable 3 . housed in The harvesting robot 15 accommodates a plurality of leaves 3b in a container 21 so as to pack them. The container 21 is, for example, a weight, a container, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the container conveyor 17 receives an empty container 21 from the unloading device 19 , conveys it leftward from the receiving position, and stops at the loading position in front of the harvesting robot 15 . The container conveyor 17 conveys the container 21 containing the leaves 3b of the vegetables 3 by the harvesting robot 15 at the packing position further leftward and stops at the unloading position.

The unloading device 19 supplies the empty container 21 to the receiving position of the container conveyor 17 , takes out the container 21 containing the leaf part 3 b of the vegetable 3 from the unloading position of the container conveyor 17 , and unloads it from the vegetable harvesting system 1 . The carry-out device 19 is an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) that travels a preset course to convey the container 21 . As the unloading device 19, for example, a conveyor may be used, or an operator may unload using a trolley or the like.

<2. Cultivation shelf>
An example of the configuration of the cultivation shelf 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the cultivation shelf 7 has a plurality of (e.g., eight) shelves 7a stacked vertically in multiple stages. A plurality of rails 23 extend substantially horizontally along the front-rear direction on each shelf 7a. The plurality of rails 23 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction on each shelf 7a, and the rails 23 are arranged substantially in parallel.

The rails 23 movably support the plurality of holders 5 along the longitudinal direction. The rails 23 are configured such that when the holders 5 are supplied from one side in the front-rear direction, the plurality of other supported holders 5 are pushed out toward the other side in the front-rear direction to slide. .

The number of shelves 7a in the cultivation shelf 7 is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, for example, a case of eight stages will be described as an example. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, for convenience of explanation, the lowermost stage of the shelf portion 7a of the cultivation shelf 7 is suitably A stage, the uppermost stage is B stage, and the second stage from the top to The seventh stage is collectively referred to as the C stage. The A stage has one shelf 7a, the B stage has one shelf 7a, and the C stage has six shelves 7a. In the example shown in FIG. 4, a relatively large number (e.g., eight) of rails 23 are installed on the A-level shelf 7a. A smaller number of rails 23 (for example, six) are installed on the shelf portion 7a of the B stage than on the A stage. Each of the shelf portions 7a of the C stage is provided with a smaller number of rails 23 (for example, four) than that of the B stage.

As shown in FIG. 5, above the shelf portion 7a of the cultivation shelf 7, a plurality of light sources 25 for illuminating the leaf portions 3b (see FIG. 7 described later) of the vegetables 3 are installed. Each light source 25 is installed so as to extend in the left-right direction on the lower surface of a support plate 27 provided above each shelf 7a. Each light source 25 is arranged at predetermined intervals along the front-rear direction. The type of the light source 25 is not particularly limited, but in order to promote photosynthesis of the vegetables 3, for example, an LED, a fluorescent lamp, or the like is used.

2 and 4 show an example of the moving direction of the vegetables 3 (including the holder 5) on each shelf 7a of the cultivation shelf 7. FIG. Symbol SY1 in FIG. 4 indicates the moving direction of the vegetables 3 from the front side to the rear side in the front-rear direction, and symbol SY2 indicates the moving direction of the vegetables 3 from the rear side to the front side. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , in the A stage, the vegetables 3 are moved from the rear side to the front side on each rail 23 . In the B stage, the vegetables 3 are moved from the front side to the rear side on each rail 23 . In the C stage, the vegetables 3 are moved from the rear side to the front side on each rail 23 in each stage.

A transfer device 11 positioned on the front side of the cultivation shelf 7 transfers the vegetables 3 (including the holder 5) from the A stage to the B stage and transfers the vegetables 3 from the C stage to the transfer mechanism 13. . The transfer device 11 not only transfers the vegetables 3 in the vertical direction but also distributes them in the horizontal direction. A transfer device 11 located behind the cultivation shelf 7 transfers the vegetables 3 from the loading device 9 to the A stage and transfers the vegetables 3 from the B stage to the C stage. The transfer device 11 not only transfers the vegetables 3 in the vertical direction but also distributes them in the horizontal direction.

In the movement path described above, the rail interval in the left-right direction gradually widens as the objects are transferred in the order of A-stage, B-stage, and C-stage. As a result, at the seedling stage where the overall size of the vegetables 3 is smaller than that of the holder 5, the vegetables 3 are densely cultivated on the A stage where the rail spacing is the narrowest, and then the rail spacing is widened step by step from the B stage to the C stage. can be moved in order. Thereby, the rail interval can be widened according to the stage at which each vegetable 3 grows larger. As a result, the installation area of the entire cultivation shelf 7 can be efficiently used for cultivating the vegetables 3 .

<3. Transfer device, transfer mechanism>
An example of the configuration of the transfer device 11 and the delivery mechanism 13 will be described with reference to FIG. Although FIG. 6 shows the transfer device 11 arranged in front of the left cultivation shelf 7 as an example, the other transfer devices 11 have the same configuration. FIG. 6 shows a portion of the transfer mechanism 13 arranged below the left cultivation shelf 7 as an example. has the same configuration. In FIG. 6, the positive direction of the X-axis is to the right, the negative direction of the X-axis is to the left, the positive direction of the Y-axis is to the rear, the negative direction of the Y-axis is to the front, the positive direction of the Z-axis is to the top, and the negative direction of the Z-axis is to the top. corresponds to below.

As shown in FIG. 6, the transfer device 11 has a base 29, a gate-shaped support frame 31 installed on the base 29, an actuator 33 provided on the support frame 31, and a hand 35. .

The support frame 31 comprises a pair of pillars 31a installed along the Z-axis direction on the base 29 so as to face each other in the X-axis direction, and a pair of pillars 31a that span the upper ends of the pair of pillars 31a along the X-axis direction. and a substantially horizontal beam 31b.

The actuator 33 has an X-axis unit 37 , a Z-axis unit 39 and a Y-axis unit 41 . The X-axis unit 37 has a beam 37a, a slider 37b, and an X-axis motor 37c. The beam 37a is installed substantially horizontally in the X-axis direction between the pair of columns 31a. The slider 37b is movably supported by the beam 37a along the X-axis direction. The X-axis motor 37c is attached, for example, to the left end of the beam 37a, and drives the slider 37b in the X-axis direction.

The Z-axis unit 39 has a beam 39a, a slider 39b, and a Z-axis motor 39c. The beam 39a has its upper end supported by the beam 31b so as to be movable in the X-axis direction, and is fixed to the slider 37b. The slider 39b is movably supported by the beam 39a along the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis motor 39c is attached, for example, to the lower end of the beam 39a and drives the slider 39b in the Z-axis direction.

The Y-axis unit 41 has a beam 41a, a slider 41b, and a Y-axis motor 41c. The slider 41b is fixed to the slider 39b. The beam 41a is movably supported in the Y-axis direction by a slider 41b. The Y-axis motor 41c is attached, for example, to the front end of the beam 41a, and drives the beam 41a in the Y-axis direction.

In the actuator 33, when the slider 37b is driven in the X-axis direction by the X-axis motor 37c, the beam 39a moves in the X-axis direction, and the beam 41a moves in the X-axis direction accordingly. When the slider 39b is driven in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis motor 39c, the beam 41a moves in the Z-axis direction. When the slider 41b and the beam 41a are relatively driven in the Y-axis direction by the Y-axis motor 41c, the beam 41a moves in the Y-axis direction. In this manner, the actuator 33 moves the beam 41a in three axial directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis.

The hand 35 is attached to the rear end of the beam 41 a of the actuator 33 and grips the holder 5 . By moving the beam 41a in three axial directions, the actuator 33 moves the hand 35 in the front-rear direction (longitudinal direction of the rails 23), the left-right direction (the side-by-side direction of the rails 23), and the up-down direction (stacking of the shelves 7a). direction, height direction).

For example, when extracting the holder 5 positioned at the end of the rail 23 , the transfer device 11 grips the holder 5 from both sides with the hands 35 and extracts it. For example, when inserting the holder 5 into the end of the rail 23 , the transfer device 11 moves the holder 5 gripped by the hand 35 to the end of the rail 23 where it is to be inserted, and inserts it into the rail 23 . The hand 35 pushes the holder 5 by one pitch (the length of the holder 5 in the front-rear direction) in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) while gripping the holder 5 . As a result, the inserted holder 5 and the plurality of holders 5 supported on the rail 23 can be slid by one pitch. In this manner, the transfer device 11 moves the entire row of the plurality of holders 5 supported on the rails 23 into which the holders 5 are inserted, in the transport direction. After insertion, the hands 35 are opened to release the grip of the retainer 5 .

As described above, the transfer device 11 extracts the holders 5 holding the grown vegetables 3 from the rails 23 of the C stage and transfers them to the delivery mechanism 13 . The delivery mechanism 13 holds the transferred holder 5 and moves it in the left-right direction to deliver it to the harvesting robot 15 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the transfer mechanism 13 has a plurality of columns 43 , beams 45 , motors 47 and transporters 49 .

The beam 45 extends in the left-right direction so as to cover the two cultivation shelves 7 by a plurality of struts 43 (only one is shown in FIG. 6). The motor 47 is attached, for example, to the end of the beam 45, and reciprocates the transport device 49 in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction).

The carrier 49 has a holding portion 51 for holding the holder 5 , a cutter 53 and a cutter driving device 55 . The holding part 51 is configured to accommodate and hold the holder 5 , and the holder 5 holding the grown vegetables 3 is inserted from the front side by the transfer device 11 . The cutter 53 (an example of a cutting tool) is driven in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) to cut the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3 so that the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is separated from the holder 5 . The cutter driving device 55 drives the cutter 53 to advance and retreat in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction). The cutter driving device 55 is, for example, an air cylinder. A solenoid, a linear motor, or the like, for example, may be used as the cutter driving device 55 . Alternatively, the cutter 53 and the cutter driving device 55 may be installed at the harvesting position without being mounted on the transporter 49, and the transporter 49 may be accessed from the outside. For example, the cutter 53 and the cutter driving device 55 may be installed in a separation device which will be described later. In this case, after the conveying device 49 moves to the front of the separating device, the cutter 53 may protrude from the separating device side.

At least one transportation device 49 is installed for each of the two cultivation shelves 7 . As a result, the vegetables 3 can be alternately transported from the two cultivation shelves 7 to the harvesting robot 15, and the harvesting efficiency can be improved. A plurality of transport devices 49 may be installed on each cultivation shelf 7 . In this case, a plurality of beams 45 may be arranged side by side, for example, in the vertical direction or the front-rear direction.

<4. Holders, rails>
An example of the configuration of the holder 5 and the rail 23 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .

As shown in FIG. 7, the holder 5 holds the vegetable 3 having the leaf portion 3b such that the leaf portion 3b is positioned upward. The holding tool 5 holds the vegetables 3 to be cultivated by the vegetable harvesting system 1, one by one. That is, the holding tool 5 and the stock of the vegetable 3 are in a one-to-one relationship. As used herein, "one strain" refers to one individual grown from a single seed. For example, like the vegetable 3 shown in FIG. 7, a single plant is a single plant in which a plurality of (or single) leaf portions 3b are supported by a single stem portion 3a. Further, even if there are a plurality of stems 3a due to branching or the like, only one strain is united as one individual by connecting the roots 3c.

The holder 5 has a symmetrical shape in each of the left-right direction and the front-rear direction. Therefore, the holder 5 has directional compatibility that allows it to be used in both forward and reverse directions in the longitudinal direction (that is, moving direction). The holder 5 is integrally formed of a material with high slidability (for example, resin, metal, etc.), and is configured to be slidable on rails 23 that support the holder 5 .

The holder 5 has a body portion 57 , a holding cylinder portion 59 , a hole portion 61 and a guide plate portion 63 . The body portion 57 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape with its longitudinal direction extending in the front-rear direction when viewed from above. Edge portions on both sides in the left-right direction of the body portion 57 function as support portions 65 that are supported when gripped by the hands 35 of the transfer device 11 . In the example shown in FIG. 7, the support portion 65 is formed in an isosceles trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front-rear direction, but it may be in another shape such as a triangle or a circle.

The holding tube portion 59 is formed at the central position in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction of the main body portion 57 and has a hole portion 61 penetrating therethrough in the vertical direction. The upper end opening of the holding tube portion 59 is formed substantially flush without protruding from the upper surface of the main body portion 57 , and the lower end opening is formed to protrude downward from the lower surface of the main body portion 57 . The holding tube portion 59 is, for example, formed in a cylindrical shape with a round hole portion 61 . The hole portion 61 may be formed in a polygonal shape such as a square, and the holding tube portion 59 may be formed in a polygonal tube shape.

The guide plate portions 63 are a pair of flat plate-shaped portions that protrude upward from the upper surface of the main body portion 57 and extend in the front-rear direction. It is The main body part 57 is formed with a hollow structure in which the lower side is open and hollowed out, so that the weight of the holder 5 is reduced.

Note that the configuration of the holder 5 described above is merely an example, and configurations other than the above may be employed. For example, although the holder 5 is integrally formed in the above description, it may be formed of a plurality of parts.

As shown in FIG. 7, the rail 23 has a rail portion 67 and a water tank portion 69, which are integrally formed of a highly slidable material (eg, resin, metal, etc.). The rail portion 67 includes a pair of left and right upper rail plates 67a extending in the front-rear direction and having a predetermined width in the left-right direction, and a predetermined width in the left-right direction and extending in the front-rear direction below the upper rail plate 67a. It has a pair of left and right lower rail plates 67b extending therefrom. Upper rail protrusions 67c projecting downward are formed at the opposite edges of the upper rail plate 67a. The body portion 57 of the holder 5 is accommodated in the space between the upper rail projection portion 67c and the lower rail plate 67b. A pair of guide plate portions 63 of the holder 5 are accommodated in the upper rail groove 67d between the pair of upper rail plates 67a.

The water tank portion 69 has a pair of side wall portions 69a extending in the front-rear direction, and a bottom wall portion 69b extending in the front-rear direction so as to cover the lower ends of the pair of side wall portions 69a. The water tank part 69 is an elongated water tank having a substantially U-shaped cross section whose top is open, and a culture solution 71 is stored therein. The culture solution 71 is flowed (circulated) in the front-rear direction by suitable flow means (not shown) such as a pump. It should be noted that the culture medium 71 may be retained without flowing.

The holder 5 inserted into the rail 23 is accommodated in the space 73 inside the rail portion 67 . The lower surface of the main body portion 57 of the holder 5 slidably contacts the upper surfaces of the left and right lower rail plates 67b, and the upper surface of the main body portion 57 abuts on the left and right upper rail protrusions 67c. In this manner, the rails 23 sandwich the holder 5 from above and below, thereby preventing the holder 5 from tilting or collapsing. Since the lower surface of the body portion 57 of the holder support surface 75, which is the lower surface of the main body portion 57 of the holder 5, is open, the contact area with the rail support surface 77, which is the upper surface of the lower rail plate 67b, is reduced. The slidability with the rail 23 can be improved. With the above configuration, the holder 5 is movably supported (placed) on the cultivation shelf 7 having the channel through which the culture solution 71 circulates.

A culture medium 79 is filled in the hole 61 of the holding cylinder 59 of the holder 5 to hold the stem 3a of the vegetable 3 grown from the seeds sown in the medium 79 . The vegetables 3 immerse the roots 3c in the culture solution 71 in the water tank 69 through the lower opening of the hole 61, and bulge the leaf 3b above the rail 23 through the upper opening of the hole 61. Let it grow. As the medium 79, for example, a gelatinous medium such as agar may be used, or a solid medium such as sponge, urethane, or rock wool may be used. As the vegetables 3 grow, the diameter of the stem portion 3a finally increases until it substantially matches the inner diameter of the hole portion 61, and most of the culture medium 79 falls off, and the holding cylinder portion 59 directly supports the vegetables 3. Become.

In the vegetable harvesting system 1 , spacers (not shown) are inserted between the plurality of holders 5 to adjust the distance between the holders 5 in the front-rear direction. As a spacer, a part common to the holder 5, that is, an empty holder 5 in which the hole portion 61 is not filled with the culture medium 79 may be used. As long as the structure is movable on the rail 23, a spacer formed in a shape different from that of the holder 5, such as a shape without the holding cylinder portion 59 (a shape in which the hole portion 61 is filled), may be used. good. Along with the plurality of holders 5, the plurality of spacers are also aligned along the front-rear direction on the rail 23, and the entirety of them are supported movably. Each time a spacer is supplied from one side of the rail 23 in the front-to-rear direction, the holder 5 already supported and the entire spacer move toward the other side. By adjusting the number of spacers between the holders 5, the interval between the holders 5 in the front-rear direction can be adjusted according to the stage at which the vegetables 3 grow gradually. In addition, when the culture solution 71 is irradiated with light, the growth of algae is promoted. Therefore, the spacer preferably has a shape without a hole.

Note that the configuration of the rail 23 described above is merely an example, and other configurations may be used. For example, although the rail 23 is integrally molded in the above description, it may be composed of a plurality of parts.

<5. Harvesting robot, controller>
An example of the configuration of the harvesting robot 15 and an example of the functional configuration of the controller 97 will be described with reference to FIG.

The transfer mechanism 13 transports the vegetables 3 from the left and right cultivation shelves 7 to the harvesting position behind the harvesting robot 15 by means of the transport devices 49 installed corresponding to the left and right cultivation shelves 7 , respectively. The conveying device 49 stopped at the harvesting position drives the cutter 53 to cut the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3 so that the leaf portion 3b is separated from the holder 5. As shown in FIG.

Harvesting robot 15 has arm 81 and hand 20 . The harvesting robot 15 is configured, for example, as a vertically articulated six-axis robot having six joints. The harvesting robot 15 moves the hand 20 to the transporting device 49 of the transfer mechanism 13 by driving the arm 81, grips the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3, and after the stem portion 3a is cut, transports it to the container 21 and opens it. By doing so, the leaf portion 3 b is accommodated in the container 21 .

The harvesting robot 15 may be a vertical articulated robot with axes other than 6 (for example, 5 or 7 axes), or may be a robot other than the vertical articulated type such as a horizontal articulated type or a parallel link type. . In addition, instead of being a general-purpose robot, it is capable of moving in at least one of the mutually orthogonal X-, Y-, and Z-axes, and θx, θy, and θz directions (directions of rotation about the X-, Y-, and Z-axes). An automatic machine dedicated to harvesting, in which the hand 20 is attached to the actuator, may be used.

The arm 81 has a base 83 , a swivel portion 85 , a lower arm portion 87 , an upper arm portion 89 , a wrist portion 91 and a flange portion 93 . The base 83 is installed on the floor surface F, for example. Note that the base 83 may be installed on a frame fixed to the floor surface F or the like. Also, the harvesting robot 15 may be configured to be movable by installing the base 83 on, for example, an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) or a rail.

The turning portion 85 is connected to the upper end portion of the base 83 so as to be able to turn around a rotation axis Ax1 substantially parallel to the vertical direction. The rotating portion 85 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax1 with respect to the upper end portion of the base 83 by driving the actuator Ac1 provided at the joint portion between the base 83 and the base 83 .

The lower arm portion 87 is connected to one side portion of the turning portion 85 so as to be able to turn around a rotation axis Ax2 substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis Ax1. The lower arm portion 87 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax2 with respect to one side portion of the rotating portion 85 by driving the actuator Ac2 provided at the joint portion between the rotating portion 85 and the rotating portion 85 .

The upper arm portion 89 is connected to the distal end side of the lower arm portion 87 so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis Ax3 substantially parallel to the rotation axis Ax2 and rotatable about a rotation axis Ax4 substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis Ax3. The upper arm 89 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax3 with respect to the distal end of the lower arm 87 by driving the actuator Ac3 provided at the joint between the upper arm 89 and the lower arm 87 . Further, the upper arm 89 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax4 with respect to the distal end side of the lower arm 87 by driving the actuator Ac4 provided between the upper arm 89 and the actuator Ac3.

The wrist portion 91 is connected to the distal end side of the upper arm portion 89 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis Ax5 substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis Ax4. The wrist portion 91 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax5 with respect to the distal end side of the upper arm portion 89 by driving the actuator Ac5 provided at the joint portion between the wrist portion 91 and the upper arm portion 89 .

The flange portion 93 is connected to the distal end side of the wrist portion 91 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis Ax6 substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis Ax5. The flange portion 93 is driven to rotate about the rotation axis Ax6 with respect to the distal end side of the wrist portion 91 by driving the actuator Ac6 provided at the joint portion between the flange portion 93 and the wrist portion 91 .

The hand 20 is attached to the tip of the flange portion 93, and rotates around the rotation axis Ax6 together with the rotation of the flange portion 93 around the rotation axis Ax6. The hand 20 has a plurality of finger members 111 and grips the leaf portion 3 b of the vegetable 3 . A detailed structure of the hand 20 will be described later.

The actuators Ac1 to Ac6 that drive the joints of the harvesting robot 15 have servo motors (not shown), speed reducers (not shown), and brakes (not shown). The servomotors, reduction gears, brakes, etc. do not necessarily need to be arranged on the rotation axes Ax1 to Ax6, and may be arranged at positions away from these rotation axes Ax1 to Ax6.

In the above description, rotation about the rotation axis along the longitudinal direction (or extension direction) of the arm 81 is called "rotation", and rotation about the rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (or extension direction) of the arm 81 The rotation of is called "swirl" for distinction.

The container conveyor 17 receives the empty container 21 from the carry-out device 19, conveys the container 21 to the front packing position of the harvesting robot 15, and stops the container. The container conveyor 17 receives a new empty container 21 from the carry-out device 19 at the receiving position while the harvesting robot 15 is performing the packing operation of the leaves 3b of the vegetables 3 into the container 21 at the packing position. When the filling operation by the harvesting robot 15 is completed, the container conveyor 17 conveys the container 21 filled with the leaves 3b to the take-out position, and at the same time, transfers the new empty container 21 at the receiving position to the packing position. transport. This allows empty containers 21 to be continuously fed to the filling position. Container conveyor 17 is driven by actuator 95 .

The controller 97 controls the operations of the harvesting robot 15 and the hand 20 by controlling the driving of the actuators Ac1 to Ac6 provided on the arm 81 and the actuator 105 provided on the hand 20 . The controller 97 has, for example, a control unit (see FIG. 20 described later) having an arithmetic unit (CPU), a recording device, an input device, and the like, and a power supply unit (servo amplifier, etc.) that supplies drive power to the harvesting robot 15 . Note that the controller 97 may include, for example, a motion controller, a programmable logic controller (PLC), etc., in addition to or instead of the control unit. The controller 97 also controls the operation of the cutter 53 by controlling the supply of air to the cutter driving device 55, which is an air cylinder, for example. The controller 97 also controls the operation of the container conveyor 17 by controlling the driving of the actuator 95 .

The controller 97 has a torque detector 99 and a torque limiter 101 . The torque detection unit 99 detects torque of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B (see FIG. 9 described later) of the hand 20 . The torque detection unit 99 may be, for example, a current sensor that measures the current of the actuator 105 (see FIG. 9 described later) that rotates the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B, or for example, mechanically detects the torque of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. A torque sensor for detection may be used. The torque limiter 101 stops driving the actuator 105 when the torque detected by the torque detector 99 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. As a result, the driving of the finger members 111 of the hand 20 is stopped.

The controller 97 may be arranged integrally with the harvesting robot 15 or may be arranged separately. Further, the controller 97 may be configured such that the control section and the power supply section described above are separated. In this case, the power supply may be attached to the harvesting robot 15 . Also, the controller 97 may be separated into a portion that controls the arm 81 and a portion that controls the hand 20 . In this case, the part that controls the hand 20 may be attached to the hand 20 . Also, the controller 97 may be configured such that at least one of the portion that controls the harvesting robot 15, the portion that controls the cutter 53, and the portion that controls the container conveyor 17 is separated. In this case, each control part may be attached to the device that is to be controlled.

The processing and the like in the torque detection section 99 and the torque restriction section 101 and the like described above are not limited to the examples of sharing these processes. For example, it may be processed by a smaller number of processing units (for example, one processing unit), or may be processed by more subdivided processing units. In the controller 97, only the part (inverter, etc.) that supplies drive power to the motor of each actuator is implemented by an actual device, and the functions of the other processing units are implemented by a program executed by the CPU 901 (see FIG. 20), which will be described later. may be Some or all of the functions of the processing units described above may be implemented by actual devices such as ASICs, FPGAs, and other electric circuits.

<6. Hand>
An example of the configuration of the hand 20 included in the harvesting robot 15 will be described with reference to FIG. 9 .

As shown in FIG. 9, the hand 20 includes a base member 103, an actuator 105, a gear mechanism 107, two rotary shaft members 109A and 109B, four finger members 111, an actuator 113, and a stopper member 115. and

Actuator 105 is an actuator that drives two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. The actuator 105 is configured as a single actuator provided with, for example, a rotary motor. The actuator 105 is installed, for example, on the lower side of the base member 103 (the side opposite to the gear mechanism 107 and the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B).

The gear mechanism 107 is installed, for example, on the upper side of the base member 103 (the side opposite to the actuator 105). The gear mechanism 107 transmits the power of the single actuator 105 to the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. The gear mechanism 107 has four gears 107a, 107b, 107c and 107d. Each gear 107 a , 107 b , 107 c , 107 d is rotatably supported by four bearings 117 fixed to the base member 103 . The gears 107a, 107b, 107c, 107d are arranged in series, and adjacent gears are connected. Rotation of the output shaft of the actuator 105 is transmitted via the belt 121 to the pulley 119 connected to the gear 107b. The power of the actuator 105 is transmitted to the rotating shaft member 109A via gears 107b, 107a, and to the rotating shaft member 109B via gears 107b, 107c, 107d. With such a transmission configuration, the rotational directions of the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B are opposite to each other. For example, when rotating shaft member 109A rotates in the direction of arrow 123a, rotating shaft member 109B rotates in the direction of arrow 125a, and when rotating shaft member 109A rotates in the direction of arrow 123b, rotating shaft member 109B rotates in the direction of arrow 125b. rotate to

The rotating shaft members 109A and 109B extend substantially parallel to one side (for example, the side opposite to the actuator 105) from the base member 103. As shown in FIG. The rotating shaft members 109A and 109B are rotatably supported by two bearings 127 fixed to the base member 103 and the two outer bearings 117 out of the four bearings 117. As shown in FIG. A gear 107a is connected to one end of the rotating shaft member 109A, and a gear 107d is connected to one end of the rotating shaft member 109B.

Two finger members 111 are installed on each of the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B (four in total). Each finger member 111 extends in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B. Specifically, each of the four finger members 111 is installed via four cylindrical members 129 so as to be independently rotatable relative to the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B. The cylindrical member 129 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape that covers the outer circumferences of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B, and a portion of the outer peripheral surface is formed as a flat portion 129a, so that a portion in the circumferential direction is open. there is The finger member 111 is fixed to the flat portion 129 a so as to protrude in the tangential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 129 .

Between each of the four cylindrical members 129 and the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B, a torsion spring 131 (an example of an elasticity imparting portion; only one is shown in FIG. 9) is provided. One end of the torsion spring 131 is connected to the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B, and the other end is connected to a spring holder 129b fixed inside the cylindrical member 129. As shown in FIG. The torsion spring 131 applies a predetermined elastic force to the finger members 111 through the cylindrical member 129 in the closing direction (directions of arrows 123a and 125a). When the finger members 111 are not gripping the vegetables 3, the finger members 111 are held at a predetermined rotation angle or position by a stopper (not shown). When the finger member 111 grips the vegetable 3, the torsion spring 131 rotates the finger member 111 around the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B according to the magnitude of the reaction force received from the vegetable 3 in contact with the finger member 111. Elastically change angle or position.

Each finger member 111 has a curved surface portion 111a bulging toward the tip side at the tip portion. The curved surface portion 111a is formed, for example, into a shape obtained by dividing a spherical surface into approximately four parts. Also, the two finger members 111 provided on the rotary shaft member 109A are formed in a curved shape so as to be gradually spaced apart from the cylindrical member 129 toward the mutually approaching side. Similarly, the two finger members 111 provided on the rotating shaft member 109B are formed in a curved shape so as to gradually separate from the cylindrical member 129 toward the mutually approaching side. The four finger members 111 having the above-described shape can be formed by, for example, dividing a single cylindrical member whose tip is spherically swelled and closed into four parts in the circumferential direction and performing chamfering. It is possible. Although the material of the finger member 111 is not particularly limited, it can be made of, for example, a synthetic resin material (such as PVC).

The actuator 113 is arranged between the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B and extends substantially parallel to the axial direction of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. The actuator 113 drives the contact member (not shown) to advance and retreat in the axial direction of the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B. The abutting member abuts on the holder 5 (to which the stem 3a and the root 3c are attached) whose leaf portion 3b has been cut by the cutter 53, and transfers the holding member 5 from the conveying device 49 of the delivery mechanism 13 to the separating device (not shown). Push out. The separating device is a device for separating the stem portion 3a and the root portion 3c from the holder 5, and is installed so as to communicate with the conveying device 49 stopped at the harvesting position. The actuator 113 is, for example, an air cylinder, but may be, for example, a solenoid, a linear motor, or the like.

The stopper member 115 is installed at one axial end of the actuator 113 (for example, the end opposite to the gear mechanism 107). The stopper member 115 abuts on the holder 5 to prevent the holder 5 from moving when the cutter 53 of the conveying device 49 cuts the stem portion 3 a of the vegetable 3 .

Note that the configuration of the hand 20 described above is merely an example, and configurations other than the above may be employed. For example, the number of finger members 111 may be one for each rotating shaft member 109A, 109B, or may be three or more. Also, the numbers do not necessarily have to be the same for the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B, and different numbers may be provided, for example, two for the rotary shaft member 109A and three for the rotary shaft member 109B. In this case, the finger members 111 on the rotating shaft member 109A side and the finger members 111 on the rotating shaft member 109B side may be alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. Alternatively, two actuators may be installed in the hand 20, and each actuator may independently drive the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. In this case, the gear mechanism 107 becomes unnecessary.

<7. Operation of Finger Member>
An example of the operation of the finger member 111 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. 10 and 11, the shape of the finger member 111 is simplified.

With the configuration of the hand 20 described above, when the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B are driven in the directions of the arrows 123a and 125a (see FIG. 9), the four finger members 111 are closed to grip the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3. do. When the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B are driven in the directions of arrows 123b and 125b (see FIG. 9), respectively, the four finger members 111 are opened to release the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 (release the grip). As described above, each finger member 111 is given a predetermined elastic force in the closing direction by the torsion spring 131 . When the finger members 111 are not gripping the vegetables 3, the finger members 111 are held at a predetermined rotation angle or position by a stopper (not shown). In this case, each finger member 111 uniformly opens and closes with the rotation of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. On the other hand, when the finger members 111 grip the vegetable 3, each finger member 111 rotates around the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B in accordance with the magnitude of the reaction force received from the vegetable 3 in contact. Independently and elastically change.

For example, in FIG. 10, the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 has an axially asymmetrical shape, e.g. Fig. 4 shows the operation of the finger members 111 when gripping the leaf portion 3b of the shape. In this case, the pair of finger members 111 on the base end side grips the leaf portion 3b in a wide open state in conformity with the shape of the leaf portion 3b, and the pair of finger members 111 on the distal end side conform to the shape of the leaf portion 3b. The leaf portion 3b is gripped in a narrowly opened state.

Also, for example, in FIG. 11, the shape of the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is substantially circular, but when the gripping position shifts in the axial direction, for example, the center of the leaf portion 3b shifts to the base end side (left side in FIG. 11). Fig. 4 shows the operation of the finger members 111 when gripping the lobe 3b in position. In this case, the pair of finger members 111 on the base end side is aligned with the position of the leaf portion 3b and grips the leaf portion 3b in a wide open state, and the pair of finger members 111 on the distal end side is aligned with the position of the leaf portion 3b. The leaf portion 3b is gripped in a narrowly opened state.

Since the four finger members 111 independently and elastically operate as described above, the gripping force can be distributed to the plurality of finger members 111 . As a result, even when the size, shape, position, etc. of the leaf portion 3b are not constant, the gripping force is less likely to be concentrated on a specific finger member 111, and damage to the leaf portion 3b can be reduced. In addition, since the bias of the reaction force acting on each finger member 111 is reduced, the grip can be stabilized, for example, the posture of the leaf portion 3b in the hand 20 is less likely to change.

<8. Hand movement>
An example of the operation of the hand 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 17. FIG.

FIG. 12 shows an example of an operation in which the hand 20 grips the leaf portion 3b of the vegetables 3 of the conveying device 49. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the controller 97 raises the hand 20 from below the conveying device 49 to scoop up and grip the leaf portion 3b of the vegetables 3 held by the conveying device 49 from below. controls the behavior of At this time, the hand 20 may operate with the finger member 111 above or below the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. The lateral width of the carrying device 49 is smaller than the horizontal spacing between the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B of the hand 20, and the hand 20 passes through the carrying device 49 between the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. It is possible to When the finger members 111 are closed to hold (grip) the leaf portion 3b and are lifted, the finger members 111 are above the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B.

FIG. 13 shows an example of an operation in which the finger member 111 grips the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3. As shown in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 13, the shape of the finger member 111 is simplified and illustrated. As shown in FIG. 13, the controller 97 closes and grips the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 while scooping up the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 from below with the finger member 111 positioned above the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. , controls the movement of the hand 20 . Thereby, interference between the finger member 111 and the leaf portion 3b extending in the horizontal direction can be suppressed, and the leaf portion 3b can be gripped while reducing damage.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the lifting operation of the leaf portion 3b by the hand 20 when cutting the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3 with the cutter 53. As shown in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 14, the shape of the finger member 111 is illustrated in a simplified manner. As shown in FIG. 14, the controller 97 controls the operation of the harvesting robot 15 so that the hand 20 lifts the leaf portion 3b from the holder 5 by a predetermined amount. The predetermined amount is, for example, about 1 cm to several cm. Further, the controller 97 drives the cutter 53 so as to cut the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3 after lifting the leaf portion 3b with the hand 20 .

15A and 15B are explanatory diagrams showing an example of the operation of the stopper member 115 coming into contact with the holder 5 when the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3 is cut by the cutter 53. FIG. In addition, in FIG. 15, the shape of the finger member 111 is simplified and illustrated. As shown in FIG. 15 , when the cutter 53 protrudes toward the holder 5 to cut the stem 3 a of the vegetable 3 , the cutter 53 pushes the holder 5 outward from the holder 51 of the carrier 49 . At this time, if the holder 5 moves greatly, there is a possibility that the stem portion 3a cannot be cut satisfactorily. In this embodiment, the stopper member 115 of the hand 20 contacts the holder 5 to prevent the holder 5 from moving, so that the success rate of cutting by the cutter 53 can be improved.

FIG. 16 shows an example of the operation of the hand 20 when the harvesting robot 15 accommodates the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 in the container 21. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, the controller 97 holds the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 with the hand 20, lifts it from the conveying device 49, moves it to the upper portion of the container 21, turns the leaf portion 3b upside down, The operation of the harvesting robot 15 is controlled so that the inverted leaf portion 3 b is accommodated in the container 21 . As a result, the cut end of the leaf portion 3b can be accommodated in the container 21 so as to face upward. Therefore, it is possible to suppress soiling of the leaf portion 3b and the container 21 due to exudation of latex from the cut ends, and thus soiling of the harvested product can be suppressed. Therefore, the leaf portion 3b can be sanitarily harvested. It should be noted that the vertical reversal of the leaf portion 3b does not necessarily have to be performed at the top of the container 21. For example, the leaf portion 3b may be lifted from the transporter 49 and immediately reversed, or moved from the transporter 49 to the top of the container 21. You can do it in the middle of the process.

Further, as shown in FIG. 16 , when the leaf portion 3 b of the vegetable 3 is accommodated in the container 21 by the hand 20 , the controller 97 turns the leaf portion 3 b upside down, and then moves the leaf portion 3 b into the container 21 . The operation of the harvesting robot 15 is controlled so that it is slid horizontally after being inserted into the container. As a result, when the leaf portion 3b is accommodated in the container 21, the leaf portion 3b is first inserted into a wide space that does not interfere with the previously accommodated leaf portion 3b, and then the inserted leaf portion 3b is pushed back. A stuffing action can be performed. As a result, a large number of leaves 3b can be efficiently accommodated in the container 21. As shown in FIG. In addition, the housed leaf portion 3b is less likely to roll, and the posture can be stabilized. Therefore, the effect of suppressing fouling can be further enhanced.

FIG. 17 shows an example of the operation of releasing the finger member 111 when the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is placed on the container 21 by the hand 20. As shown in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 17, the shape of the finger member 111 is simplified and illustrated. As shown in FIG. 17, the controller 97 rotates the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B to rotate the finger member 111 when the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is placed on the container 21 and opened by the hand 20. The operation of the harvesting robot 15 is controlled so as to lift the hand 20 step by step while opening and closing it. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, the harvesting robot 15 closes the finger members 111 to grip the leaf portion 3b, opens the finger members 111 to release the leaf portion 3b, and moves the hand 20 by a predetermined amount. only lift. After that, the finger member 111 is closed. At this time, the finger member 111 may be in contact with the leaf portion 3b or may be separated therefrom. After that, the harvesting robot 15 opens the finger members 111 again, lifts the hand 20 again by a predetermined amount, and closes the finger members 111 again. At this time, the finger member 111 may be in contact with the leaf portion 3b or may be separated from the leaf portion 3b in the same manner as described above. After that, the finger member 111 is wide opened to raise the hand 20 from the container 21 . In the above description, a series of operations consisting of the opening/closing operation of the finger member 111 and the lifting operation of the hand 20 are performed stepwise twice, but may be performed three times or more.

As a result, when the leaf portion 3b is placed on the container 21, it is possible to prevent the leaf portion 3b from being caught by the finger members 111, so that the leaf portion 3b can be smoothly released and placed. In addition, by lifting the hand 20 while opening and closing the finger members 111, the adjacent leaf portions 3b are less likely to roll compared to, for example, the case of lifting the hand 20 while the finger members 111 are wide open. The posture of 3b can be stabilized.

<9. Effect of Embodiment>
As described above, the vegetable harvesting system 1 of this embodiment includes the harvesting robot 15 having the hand 20 that holds the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3, and the hand 20 that holds and lifts the leaf portion 3b. and a controller 97 that controls the operation of the harvesting robot 15 so that the upside down direction of the leaf portion 3b is reversed and the reversed leaf portion 3b is housed in the container 21 .

In the vegetable harvesting system 1 of the present embodiment, the harvesting robot 15 holds and lifts the leaf portion 3 b with the hand 20 , inverts the lifted leaf portion 3 b upside down, and places the inverted leaf portion 3 b in the container 21 . By accommodating, the leaf part 3b of the vegetables 3 is harvested. As a result, even when the leaf portion 3b of the vegetables 3 to be harvested is separated from the portions (the root portion 3c and the stem portion 3a) not to be harvested by cutting, the vegetables can be accommodated in the container 21 so that the cut end faces upward. can. Therefore, it is possible to suppress staining of the leaf portion 3b and the container 21 due to exudation of latex, and thus suppress staining of the harvested product. Therefore, the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 can be sanitarily harvested.

In addition, the vegetables 3 having the leaf portions 3b grow so that the leaf portions 3b extend in the vertical direction and spread out in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the leaf portion 3b is stored in the container 21 with its upside down direction reversed. As a result, the leaves 3b can be accommodated in such a posture that they are closed by gravity, so damage to the leaves 3b during accommodation can be suppressed.

In this embodiment, the controller 97 may control the operation of the harvesting robot 15 so that the hand 20 picks up the leaf portion 3b from below when holding the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 .

The vegetables 3 having the leaf portions 3b grow such that the leaf portions 3b extend vertically and spread horizontally. In the case of the present embodiment, by holding the leaf portion 3b by scooping it up from below with the hand 20, it is possible to reduce interference between the hand 20 and the horizontally spread leaf portion 3b, thereby reducing damage to the leaf portion 3b. can be harvested

In this embodiment, the controller 97 controls the harvesting robot 15 so that when the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is accommodated in the container 21 by the hand 20, the leaf portion 3b is inserted into the container 21 and then slid in the horizontal direction. You can control the action.

In this case, when the leaf portion 3b is accommodated in the container 21, first, the leaf portion 3b is inserted into a wide space that does not interfere with the previously accommodated leaf portion 3b. A stuffing action can be performed. As a result, a large number of leaves 3b can be efficiently accommodated in the container 21. As shown in FIG. In addition, the housed leaf portion 3b is less likely to roll, and the posture can be stabilized. Therefore, the effect of suppressing fouling can be further enhanced.

In this embodiment, a plurality of hands 20 are installed on each of the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B, and extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. and a finger member 111 provided.

In this case, by rotating the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B in mutually opposite directions, the finger members 111 are driven to open and close, and the leaf portion 3b can be grasped or released. Further, by installing a plurality of finger members 111 on each of the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B, four or more finger members 111 can be used to grip the leaf portion 3b so as to surround it. This makes it possible to stabilize the grip and prevent the leaf portion 3b from falling when the leaf portion 3b is turned upside down.

In this embodiment, the controller 97 rotates the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B to open and close the finger member 111 when the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 is placed on the container 21 and opened by the hand 20. The operation of the harvesting robot 15 may be controlled so as to lift the hand 20 step by step.

In this case, when the leaf portion 3b is placed on the container 21, it is possible to prevent the leaf portion 3b from being caught by the finger members 111, so that the leaf portion 3b can be smoothly released and placed. In addition, by lifting the hand 20 while opening and closing the finger members 111, the adjacent leaf portions 3b are less likely to roll compared to, for example, the case of lifting the hand 20 while the finger members 111 are wide open. The posture of 3b can be stabilized.

In the present embodiment, the hand 20 elastically adjusts the rotational angle or position of the finger members 111 around the rotary shaft members 109A and 109B according to the magnitude of the reaction force received from the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 in contact with the finger members 111. It may also have a torsion spring 131 that changes the dynamics.

In this case, since the grasping force can be distributed to the plurality of finger members 111, damage to the leaf portion 3b can be reduced. In addition, since the bias of the reaction force acting on each finger member 111 is reduced, the grip can be stabilized, for example, the posture of the leaf portion 3b in the hand 20 is less likely to change. Further, the above effect can be obtained by controlling only one axis without driving and controlling each finger member 111 individually. As a result, the number of actuators can be reduced, the size and weight of the hand 20 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the finger member 111 may have a curved surface portion 111a bulging toward the tip side at the tip portion.

In this case, since each finger member 111 can be closed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the leaf portion 3b, the leaf portion 3b can be gripped while reducing damage. Moreover, since each finger member 111 can be operated so as to close the leaf portion 3b, the leaf portion 3b can be compactly wrapped and gripped. Furthermore, since the space between the finger members 111 widens toward the tips of the finger members 111, it becomes possible to open the leaf portion 3b in the container 21 with a small opening angle, and the other leaf portion 3b of the finger member 111 is opened. can suppress interference with In addition, since the finger member 111 is less likely to be caught by the leaf portion 3b after the opening, it is possible to suppress the leaf portion 3b from losing its posture.

In this embodiment, the hand 20 has one actuator 105 that drives two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B, and a gear mechanism 107 that transmits the power of the actuator 105 to the two rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. may

In this case, the number of actuators can be reduced, the size and weight of the hand 20 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the vegetable harvesting system 1 may have a torque detector 99 that detects the torque of the rotating shaft members 109A and 109B. It may have a torque limiter 101 that stops driving the actuator 105 when the torque exceeds a predetermined threshold.

In this case, since it is possible to prevent an excessive gripping force from acting on the leaf portion 3b, it is possible to further enhance the effect of preventing damage to the leaf portion 3b.

In this embodiment, the vegetable harvesting system 1 includes a holder 5 that holds a vegetable 3 having a leaf portion 3b so that the leaf portion 3b is positioned upward, and a holder 5 that holds the leaf portion 3b so that the leaf portion 3b is separated from the holder 5. and a cutter 53 for cutting the vegetables 3, in which case the hand 20 may hold the leaf portion 3b separated from the holder 5 by cutting.

In this case, both the steps of separating the leaf portion 3b from the holder 5 and accommodating the separated leaf portion 3b into the container 21 can be automated, thereby promoting automation of the vegetable harvesting process.

In this embodiment, the controller 97 controls the operation of the harvesting robot 15 so that the hand 20 lifts the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 from the holder 5 by a predetermined amount. The drive of the cutter 53 may be controlled so as to cut the stem portion 3a of 3.

In this case, it is possible to reduce the risk of damaging the leaf portion 3b to be harvested by the cutter 53, thereby reducing damage to the harvested product. Moreover, since the vegetables 3 can be cut while the stems 3a of the vegetables 3 are under tension, the success rate of cutting by the cutter 53 can be improved.

In this embodiment, the hand 20 may have a stopper member 115 that prevents the holder 5 from moving when the cutter 53 cuts the stem portion 3 a of the vegetable 3 .

If the holder 5 is pulled and moved when cutting the stem portion 3a of the vegetable 3, the stem portion 3a may not be cut satisfactorily. In the case of this embodiment, the movement of the holder 5 can be prevented by the stopper member 115, so the success rate of cutting by the cutter 53 can be improved.

<10. Variation>
The disclosed embodiments are not limited to the above, and various modifications are possible without departing from the gist and technical idea.

Although the elastic force is applied to the finger member 111 using the torsion spring in the above description, the elastic force may be applied by a method other than the torsion spring. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, an elasticity imparting portion 133 may be provided at the proximal end portion of each finger member 111 . The elasticity imparting portion 133 is made of, for example, a leaf spring, a rubber material, an elastic resin material, or an elastomer. Similar effects can be obtained in this case as well.

19, the harvesting robot 15 may have a weight sensor 135 that detects the weight of the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 held by the hand 20. As shown in FIG. The weight sensor 135 is, for example, a load cell. Instead of the weight sensor, for example, the controller 97 calculates the torque of each joint from the current values of the actuators Ac1 to Ac6 that drive the joints of the harvesting robot 15, and based on the calculated torque of each joint. A weight calculator (not shown) that calculates the weight of the leaf portion 3b of the vegetable 3 held by the hand 20 may be provided. The controller 97 has a growth determination section 137 that determines the quality of the growth of the vegetables 3 based on the weight detected by the weight sensor 135 .

In this case, when the harvesting robot 15 conveys the leaf portion 3 b of the vegetable 3 to the container 21 , the growth determination section 137 can determine whether the growth state is good or bad based on the weight detected by the weight sensor 135 . For example, when the controller 97 determines that the growth condition is normal, the leaf portion 3b is directly conveyed to the container 21 for harvesting, and when the controller 97 determines that the growth condition is abnormal, the leaf portion 3b is transferred to the container. Harvesting robot 15 can be controlled to discard instead of transporting to 21 . This can improve the quality of harvested products.

<11. Controller hardware configuration example>
A hardware configuration example of the controller 97 described above will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 20, the configuration related to the function of supplying drive power to each actuator of the controller 97 is omitted as appropriate.

As shown in FIG. 20, the controller 97 includes, for example, a CPU 901, a ROM 903, a RAM 905, a purpose-built integrated circuit 907 such as an ASIC or FPGA, an input device 913, and an output device 915. , a recording device 917 , a drive 919 , a connection port 921 and a communication device 923 . These components are connected via a bus 909 and an input/output interface 911 so as to be able to transmit signals to each other.

The program can be recorded in, for example, the ROM 903, the RAM 905, the recording device 917 such as a hard disk, or the like.

The program is temporarily or non-temporarily (permanently) recorded in a removable recording medium 925 such as a magnetic disk such as a flexible disk, an optical disk such as various CDs, MO disks, and DVDs, or a semiconductor memory. can also Such a recording medium 925 can also be provided as so-called package software. In this case, the programs recorded on these recording media 925 may be read by the drive 919 and recorded on the recording device 917 via the input/output interface 911, bus 909, or the like.

The program can also be recorded in, for example, a download site, another computer, another recording device, or the like (not shown). In this case, the program is transferred via a network NW such as LAN or Internet, and the communication device 923 receives this program. The program received by the communication device 923 may be recorded in the recording device 917 via the input/output interface 911, the bus 909, or the like.

The program can also be recorded in an appropriate externally connected device 927, for example. In this case, the program may be transferred via an appropriate connection port 921 and recorded in the recording device 917 via the input/output interface 911, bus 909, or the like.

The CPU 901 executes various processes according to the programs recorded in the recording device 917, thereby realizing the processes by the torque detecting section 99, the torque limiting section 101, and the like. The CPU 901 may, for example, directly read out the program from the recording device 917 and execute it, or may execute it after loading it into the RAM 905 once. For example, when the CPU 901 receives a program via the communication device 923 , the drive 919 , or the connection port 921 , the received program may be directly executed without being recorded in the recording device 917 .

If necessary, the CPU 901 may perform various processes based on signals and information input from an input device 913 such as a mouse, keyboard, and microphone (not shown).

The CPU 901 may output the result of executing the above processing from an output device 915 such as a display device or an audio output device. The CPU 901 may transmit the processing result via the communication device 923 or the connection port 921 as necessary. The CPU 901 may record the processing result in the recording device 917 or the recording medium 925 .

In the above description, when there are descriptions such as “perpendicular”, “parallel”, “plane”, etc., these descriptions do not have a strict meaning. "Perpendicular," "parallel," and "flat" mean "substantially perpendicular," "substantially parallel," and "substantially flat," with allowance for design and manufacturing tolerances and errors.

In the above description, when there are descriptions such as "same", "same", "equal", "different", etc. regarding external dimensions, sizes, shapes, positions, etc., the descriptions do not have a strict meaning. The terms “same”, “same”, “equal”, and “different” are defined as “substantially the same”, “substantially the same”, “substantially equal”, and “substantially It means "different from".

In addition to the methods already described above, the methods according to the above embodiments and modifications may be used in combination as appropriate. In addition, although not exemplified one by one, the above-described embodiment and each modified example can be implemented with various modifications within the scope not departing from the spirit thereof.

The problems and effects to be solved by the embodiments, modifications, and the like described above are not limited to the contents described above. Depending on the embodiments, modifications, etc., problems not described above can be solved, effects not described above can be achieved, only part of the problems described can be solved, and one of the effects described can be obtained. Sometimes only the part is played.

1 Vegetable Harvesting System 3 Vegetable 3b Leaf Part 5 Holder 15 Harvesting Robot (Robot)
20 hand 21 container 53 cutter 97 controller 99 torque detector 101 torque limiter 105 actuator 107 gear mechanism 109A rotary shaft member 109B rotary shaft member 111 finger member 111a curved surface portion 115 stopper member 131 torsion spring (elasticity imparting portion)
133 elasticity applying unit 135 weight sensor

Claims (14)

A robot with a hand holding vegetables,
a controller that controls the operation of the robot so that the hand holds and lifts the vegetable, reverses the upside down orientation of the lifted vegetable, and stores the reversed vegetable in a container;
A vegetable harvesting system. The controller is
controlling the operation of the robot so that the hand scoops up the vegetable from below when holding the vegetable;
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 1. The controller is
Controlling the operation of the robot so that when the hand is used to store the vegetables in the container, the vegetables are inserted into the container and then slid in the horizontal direction;
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 1 or 2. The hand is
two rotating shaft members;
a plurality of finger members installed on each of the two rotating shaft members and extending in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft members;
having
The vegetable harvesting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The controller is
When the vegetables are placed on the container and opened by the hands, the robot moves in such a way that the hands are lifted step by step while the two rotating shaft members are rotated to open and close the finger members. to control the
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 4. The hand is
an elasticity imparting portion that elastically changes the rotation angle or position of the finger member around the rotary shaft member according to the magnitude of the reaction force received from the vegetable in contact with the finger member;
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 4 or 5. The finger member
The tip portion has a curved surface portion that bulges toward the tip side,
A vegetable harvesting system according to any one of claims 4 to 6. The hand is
one actuator that drives the two rotating shaft members;
a gear mechanism that transmits the power of the actuator to the two rotating shaft members;
having
A vegetable harvesting system according to any one of claims 4 to 7. further comprising a torque detection unit that detects torque of the rotating shaft member;
The controller is
a torque limiter that stops driving the actuator when the torque detected by the torque detector exceeds a predetermined threshold;
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 8. a holder that holds the vegetable having leaves so that the leaves are positioned upward;
a cutting tool for cutting the vegetable such that the leaf is separated from the holding tool;
further having
The hand is
holding the leaf separated from the holder by the cutting;
The vegetable harvesting system according to any one of claims 1-9. The controller is
controlling the operation of the robot so that the hand lifts the leaf from the holder by a predetermined amount;
controlling the cutting tool to cut the vegetable after lifting the leaf with the hand;
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 10. The hand is
Having a stopper member that prevents movement of the holding tool when cutting the vegetables with the cutting tool,
The vegetable harvesting system according to claim 10 or 11. The robot is
Having a weight sensor that detects the weight of the vegetables held by the hand,
The vegetable harvesting system according to any one of claims 1-12. A vegetable harvesting method performed by a robot hand, comprising:
holding and lifting the vegetable;
reversing the up and down direction of the lifted vegetables;
housing the inverted vegetables in a container;
A method for harvesting vegetables, comprising:

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