JP2023028674A - Civil engineering materials using gypsum board waste material and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Civil engineering materials using gypsum board waste material and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000019086 sulfide ion homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 more specifically Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
新規性喪失の例外適用申請有り There is an application for exception to loss of novelty
本発明は、石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材とその製造方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a civil engineering material using gypsum board waste and a method for producing the same.
従来から、新築住宅を建設する際に発生する新築系の石膏ボード廃材は、石膏と紙とに分離された後に、例えば、石膏ボード用の原料やセメント添加用の石膏として、あるいは土壌（地盤）改良材や固化材として、そのほとんどが再生利用されている。しかし、住宅等の解体等で発生する解体系の石膏ボード廃材の再生利用率は、低い状態にある。 Conventionally, gypsum board waste materials generated when constructing new houses are separated into gypsum and paper, and then used as raw materials for gypsum boards, gypsum for adding cement, or soil (ground). Most of them are recycled as improving materials and solidifying materials. However, the recycling rate of gypsum board waste materials generated from demolition of houses and the like is in a low state.
解体系の石膏ボード廃材の再生利用率が低い理由として、埋立処分された際の嫌気的環境下において、高濃度硫化水素が発生する虞があることが挙げられる。詳しくは、嫌気的環境下において、石膏ボード廃材から生じる硫化水素は、石膏板と紙とを張り合わせるグルコース糊（有機質）と、紙に残留する硫酸カルシウム（ＣａＳＯ４・２Ｈ２Ｏ）に起因しており、硫酸還元菌の微生物活動により生じている。そのため、解体系の石膏ボード廃材は管理型埋立地において埋立処分されており、処分費用の負担増加が問題となっている。 One of the reasons for the low recycling rate of gypsum board waste materials from demolition systems is the possibility of generation of high-concentration hydrogen sulfide under an anaerobic environment during landfill disposal. Specifically, in an anaerobic environment, hydrogen sulfide generated from gypsum board waste is caused by glucose glue (organic) that bonds the gypsum board and paper together and calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) remaining in the paper. It is produced by the microbial activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Therefore, gypsum board waste materials from dismantling are landfilled in controlled landfill sites, and an increase in the burden of disposal costs has become a problem.
そこで、解体系の石膏ボード廃材から再利用可能な造粒物を製造する方法が提案されている。当該製造方法には、主に石膏ボード廃材の破砕工程、風力振動選別や加熱処理を行う紙成分の除去工程、添加剤の混合工程、混合物の造粒工程の４つの工程がある。このうち、混合工程において、アルカリ（炭酸カルシウム等）を添加しｐＨ８以上にすること、および酸化還元電位が負電位の環境下で混合を行うことで、製造された造粒物における硫化水素ガスの発生を抑制している（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
Therefore, a method for producing reusable granules from dismantled gypsum board waste has been proposed. The manufacturing method mainly includes four steps: a gypsum board crushing step, a paper component removal step involving wind vibration sorting and heat treatment, an additive mixing step, and a mixture granulation step. Among these, in the mixing step, by adding an alkali (such as calcium carbonate) to
しかし、特許文献１に記載の解体系の石膏ボード廃材から再利用可能な造粒物を製造する方法は、破砕工程時において、石膏ボード廃材を１０ｍｍ以下を目安に破砕していることから、破砕された石膏ボードに残留している紙成分が多く、紙成分の除去のために風力振動選別や加熱処理を行い、さらに特別な環境下で添加剤を用いｐＨ調整を行う必要があり、主な工程以外の処理が多く煩雑であった。 However, in the method of manufacturing reusable granules from disassembled gypsum board waste material described in Patent Document 1, the gypsum board waste material is crushed to a size of 10 mm or less during the crushing process. There are many residual paper components in the gypsum board that has been processed, and it is necessary to perform wind vibration sorting and heat treatment to remove the paper components, and to adjust the pH using additives under a special environment. Many processes other than the process were complicated.
本発明は、このような問題点に着目してなされたもので、石膏ボード廃材を利用しながら、簡便に硫化水素の発生を抑制させた土木資材とその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a civil engineering material and a method for manufacturing the same, in which generation of hydrogen sulfide is easily suppressed while utilizing gypsum board waste. .
前記課題を解決するために、本発明の石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材は、
５ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材３０～７０質量％と、セメント系固化材７０～３０質量％とから構成された固化体であることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、石膏ボード廃材を５ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級することで、石膏ボード廃材に付着していた紙の多くが除去されることから、嫌気的環境下において硫酸還元菌の栄養源となる有機物量を大幅に削減することができ、固化体から硫化水素がほぼ発生しない。加えて、固化体は、石膏ボード廃材と、セメント系固化材とから構成されることにより、圧縮強度に優れる。よって、簡便に硫化水素の発生を抑制させた土木資材を提供することができる。
In order to solve the above problems, the civil engineering material using the gypsum board waste material of the present invention is
It is characterized by being a solidified body composed of 30 to 70% by mass of gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less and 70 to 30% by mass of a cement-based solidifying material.
According to this feature, by classifying the gypsum board waste material to a particle size of 5 mm or less, most of the paper attached to the gypsum board waste material is removed. It is possible to greatly reduce the amount of organic matter, and almost no hydrogen sulfide is generated from the solidified material. In addition, the solidified body is excellent in compressive strength because it is composed of the gypsum board waste material and the cement-based solidifying material. Therefore, it is possible to easily provide a civil engineering material that suppresses the generation of hydrogen sulfide.
前記石膏ボード廃材は、２ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級することで硫化水素の発生が抑制されていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、石膏ボード廃材に付着していたより多くの紙が除去されるので、硫化水素の発生リスクが一層低減する。
The gypsum board waste material is characterized in that generation of hydrogen sulfide is suppressed by classifying it into particles of 2 mm or less.
According to this feature, more paper adhering to the gypsum board waste is removed, further reducing the risk of generating hydrogen sulfide.
前記セメント系固化材は、ポルトランドセメントと、ガラスとの混合物であることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、固化体の圧縮強度が増す上、軽量化される。
The cement-based solidifying material is characterized by being a mixture of Portland cement and glass.
According to this feature, the compressive strength of the solidified body is increased and the weight is reduced.
本発明の石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材の製造方法は、
石膏ボード廃材を破砕する破砕工程と、
破砕された前記石膏ボード廃材を５ｍｍ以下の粒度まで分級を行う分級工程と、
前記分級工程において分級された粒径５ｍｍ以下の前記石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材とを混合させる混合工程と、
混合された前記石膏ボード廃材と前記セメント系固化材とを固化させる固化工程と、を含むことを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、破砕工程を経た石膏ボード廃材を分級工程において直径５ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級することで、石膏ボード廃材に付着していた紙の多くが除去されることから、嫌気的環境下において硫酸還元菌の栄養源となる有機物量を大幅に削減することができる。さらに、混合工程においてセメント系固化材と混合し固化工程を経ることで土木資材の圧縮強度が向上する。よって、石膏ボード廃材を利用しながらも簡便に硫化水素の発生を抑制させた土木資材の製造方法を提供することができる。
The method for producing a civil engineering material using the gypsum board waste material of the present invention includes:
A crushing process for crushing gypsum board scraps;
a classification step of classifying the crushed gypsum board waste material to a particle size of 5 mm or less;
A mixing step of mixing the gypsum board waste material having a particle size of 5 mm or less classified in the classification step and a cement-based solidifying material;
and a solidifying step of solidifying the mixed gypsum board waste material and the cement-based solidifying material.
According to this feature, by classifying the gypsum board waste material that has undergone the crushing process into particles with a diameter of 5 mm or less in the classification process, most of the paper adhering to the gypsum board waste material is removed, so that it can be used in an anaerobic environment. It is possible to greatly reduce the amount of organic matter that is a nutrient source for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the civil engineering material is improved by mixing with the cement-based solidifying material in the mixing process and passing through the solidifying process. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for producing a civil engineering material that easily suppresses the generation of hydrogen sulfide while utilizing gypsum board waste.
前記混合工程において、含水比０．３１以上０．３８未満で混合することを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材とからなる固化体の圧縮強度がより向上する。
In the mixing step, the mixing is performed at a water content ratio of 0.31 or more and less than 0.38.
According to this feature, the compressive strength of the solidified body composed of the gypsum board waste material and the cement-based solidifying material is further improved.
発明者らは、石膏ボード廃材を利用しながら、簡便に硫化水素の発生を抑制させた土木資材として、５ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材と、セメント系固化材とから構成される固化体が優れるとの知見を得た。 The inventors have developed a solidification material composed of gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less and a cement-based solidification material as a civil engineering material that easily suppresses the generation of hydrogen sulfide while using gypsum board waste. I got the knowledge that the body is superior.
本発明の土木資材について説明する。土木資材は、５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは、２ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材３０～７０質量％と、セメント系固化材７０～３０質量％、更に好ましくは石膏ボード廃材３０～４０質量％と、セメント系固化材７０～６０質量％とを混合して固化させた固化体である。尚、土木資材は、固化されて板状あるいは塊状に成形されることが好ましいが、粒状に成形されるものであってもよい。 The civil engineering material of the present invention will be described. The civil engineering materials consist of 30 to 70% by mass of gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, and 70 to 30% by mass of cement-based solidifying material, more preferably gypsum board waste. It is a solidified product obtained by mixing 30 to 40% by mass and 70 to 60% by mass of a cement-based solidifying material and solidifying. The civil engineering material is preferably solidified and shaped into a plate or block, but may be shaped into granules.
このように、土木資材は、５ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材を用いることにより、石膏ボード廃材に付着していた紙、詳しくは、紙および紙に付着したグルコース糊等の有機物（本明細書において、特に断らない限り、紙に付着した有機物も含めて紙と称す。）の多くを除去することができる。また、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは、２ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材を用いることにより、石膏ボード廃材に付着していた紙を完全に除去することができる。これにより、石膏ボード廃材から嫌気的環境下において硫酸還元菌の栄養源となる有機物量を大幅に削減することができ、石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材からの硫化水素の発生を抑制することができる。 In this way, by using gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less, the civil engineering materials can be reduced to paper adhering to the gypsum board waste, more specifically, paper and organic substances such as glucose glue adhering to the paper (this In the specification, unless otherwise specified, the organic matter attached to the paper is also referred to as paper.) can be removed. Further, by using gypsum board waste material classified to a particle size of preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, the paper adhering to the gypsum board waste material can be completely removed. As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce the amount of organic matter that becomes a nutrient source for sulfate-reducing bacteria from gypsum board waste in an anaerobic environment, and to suppress the generation of hydrogen sulfide from civil engineering materials using gypsum board waste. can.
また、土木資材は、石膏ボード廃材と混合されるセメント系固化材として、ポルトランドセメントと、ガラスとの混合物を用いることにより、土木資材の圧縮強度を向上させることができるとともに、軽量化することができる。更に好ましくは、土木資材は、ポルトランドセメント３０～３５質量％に対して、石膏ボード廃材とガラスを合計した残り７０～６５質量％について石膏ボード廃材：ガラス＝５０：５０となるように配合することにより、土木資材の圧縮強度を向上させることができるとともに、軽量化することができる。 In addition, by using a mixture of Portland cement and glass as a cement-based solidifying material mixed with gypsum board waste, the civil engineering materials can be improved in compressive strength and reduced in weight. can. More preferably, the civil engineering materials are blended so that Portland cement is 30 to 35% by mass, and the remaining 70 to 65% by mass of gypsum board scraps and glass are mixed in a ratio of 50:50 for gypsum board scraps:glass. As a result, the compressive strength of the civil engineering material can be improved, and the weight can be reduced.
また、ガラスについても石膏ボード廃材と同じく、粒度２ｍｍ以下に破砕されているものを用いることが好ましい。同程度の粒度のガラス及び石膏ボード廃材と、セメントを混合させることで、土木資材内において石膏ボード廃材粒子とガラス粒子が満遍なく配置されやすいことから、ガラスが土木資材内において細骨材として機能し、土木資材の圧縮強度が均一に上昇する。 Also, as with the gypsum board waste, it is preferable to use glass that has been crushed to a particle size of 2 mm or less. By mixing cement with glass and gypsum board waste materials of the same particle size, the gypsum board waste particles and glass particles tend to be evenly distributed in the civil engineering materials, so the glass functions as a fine aggregate in the civil engineering materials. , the compressive strength of civil engineering materials increases uniformly.
また、土木資材は、石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材以外には不可避的不純物以外を含まないものを以下実施例では説明するが、本発明はこれら以外の材料を含んでいても良く、好ましくは２０質量％以下、更に好ましくは１０質量％以下含んでいてもよい。これら以外の材料として、例えば、界面活性剤や減水材などの混和剤や、セメント混和用ポリマーや膨張剤などの混和材を加えることとしてもよい。 In the following examples, civil engineering materials that do not contain any unavoidable impurities other than gypsum board scraps and cement-based solidifying materials will be described, but the present invention may contain materials other than these, preferably It may contain 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less. As materials other than these, for example, an admixture such as a surfactant or a water reducing agent, or an admixture such as a cement admixture polymer or swelling agent may be added.
また、土木資材は、石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材を上述した配合比としたものを含水比０．３０以上０．７０未満、好ましくは含水比０．３１以上０．３８未満、更に好ましくは、含水比０．３２以上０．３４未満で混合することにより、土木資材の圧縮強度をさらに向上させることができる。 In addition, the civil engineering material has a water content ratio of 0.30 or more and less than 0.70, preferably 0.31 or more and less than 0.38, more preferably 0.31 or more and less than 0.38, more preferably 0.30 or more and less than 0.70, more preferably 0.30 or more and less than 0.70, more preferably 0.31 or more and less than 0.38. By mixing at a water content ratio of 0.32 or more and less than 0.34, the compressive strength of the civil engineering material can be further improved.
また、本発明の石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材の製造方法は、石膏ボード廃材を破砕する破砕工程と、破砕された石膏ボード廃材を５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは２ｍｍ以下の粒度まで分級を行う分級工程と、分級工程において分級された石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材（好ましくはポルトランドセメントと、ガラスとの混合物）とを混合させる混合工程と、混合物を固化させる固化工程と、を備える。 In addition, the method for producing civil engineering materials using gypsum board waste material of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing gypsum board waste material, and crushing the crushed gypsum board waste material to a particle size of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less. a mixing step of mixing the gypsum board waste classified in the classifying step with a cement-based solidifying material (preferably a mixture of Portland cement and glass); a solidifying step of solidifying the mixture; Prepare.
このように、土木資材は、５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは、２ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材を用いることにより、簡便に硫化水素の発生を抑制することができる。さらに、土木資材は、５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは、２ｍｍ以下の粒度に分級された石膏ボード廃材３０～７０質量％と、セメント系固化材７０～３０質量％の配合比の固化体により構成されることにより、硫化水素の発生を抑制しつつ、十分な圧縮強度を有する土木資材とすることができる。 In this way, by using gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, as civil engineering materials, generation of hydrogen sulfide can be easily suppressed. Furthermore, the civil engineering material is solidified at a mixing ratio of 30 to 70% by mass of gypsum board waste classified to a particle size of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, and 70 to 30% by mass of cement-based solidification material. By being composed of a solid body, it is possible to obtain a civil engineering material having sufficient compressive strength while suppressing the generation of hydrogen sulfide.
本発明に係る石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材を実施するための形態を実施例に基づいて以下に説明する。尚、土木資材について、十分な固化体強度を得るための条件、石膏ボード廃材の前処理方法、および硫化水素発生ポテンシャルを測定し、有効利用に適した配合方法や前処理方法を明らかにするため、以下の実験を行った。 A mode for carrying out civil engineering materials using gypsum board waste materials according to the present invention will be described below based on examples. In addition, regarding civil engineering materials, the conditions for obtaining sufficient solidified body strength, the pretreatment method of gypsum board waste, and the hydrogen sulfide generation potential are measured, and the mixing method and pretreatment method suitable for effective use are clarified. , conducted the following experiments.
土木資材に用いた石膏ボード廃材およびガラスは、２０１９年に某産業廃棄物処理施設に搬入された解体系の石膏ボード廃材と廃ガラスである。また、セメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント社製）を用いた。 The gypsum board waste and glass used as civil engineering materials are dismantled gypsum board waste and waste glass brought into a certain industrial waste disposal facility in 2019. Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.) was used as the cement.
まず、破砕工程として石膏ボード廃材をジョークラッシャーで粗破砕した後、回転式破砕機で破砕し、破砕廃石膏を得た。 First, as a crushing step, gypsum board waste was roughly crushed with a jaw crusher and then crushed with a rotary crusher to obtain crushed waste gypsum.
次に、分級工程として破砕廃石膏を金属製網ふるい（ＪＩＳ試験用金属製網ふるい ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１－１：２０００）で５ｍｍ以上、５～３ｍｍ、３～２ｍｍ、２～１ｍｍ、１ｍｍ以下に分級した。 Next, as a classification step, the crushed waste gypsum is classified into 5 mm or more, 5 to 3 mm, 3 to 2 mm, 2 to 1 mm, and 1 mm or less with a metal mesh sieve (JIS test metal mesh sieve JIS Z 8801-1: 2000). bottom.
破砕廃石膏のそれぞれの画分の質量を測定し、累積粒度分布を求めた。図１の累積粒度分布に示されるように、粒径５ｍｍ以下の廃石膏の割合は約８０％、また、粒径２ｍｍ以下の廃石膏の割合は約６０％であることが分かった。 The mass of each fraction of crushed waste gypsum was measured to determine the cumulative particle size distribution. As shown in the cumulative particle size distribution of FIG. 1, the percentage of waste gypsum with a particle size of 5 mm or less was about 80%, and the percentage of waste gypsum with a particle size of 2 mm or less was about 60%.
次に、上記破砕廃石膏中に含まれる紙の質量割合を測定した。測定は、図２（ａ）～（ｅ）に示されるように１００ｇ程度の代表試料をそれぞれ採取し、手選別により繊維質の紙等を目視により分け、それぞれの質量を測定し、割合を求めた。破砕廃石膏に含まれる紙の質量割合結果を表１に示す。 Next, the mass ratio of paper contained in the crushed waste gypsum was measured. For the measurement, as shown in FIGS. 2(a) to 2(e), representative samples of about 100 g are sampled, and fibrous paper or the like is visually separated by hand sorting, the mass of each is measured, and the ratio is obtained. rice field. Table 1 shows the mass ratio of paper contained in the crushed waste gypsum.
表１に示されるように、粒度５ｍｍ以上の破砕廃石膏には紙が多く含まれていた。また、粒度３～５ｍｍの破砕廃石膏には極めて僅かに紙が含まれていた。粒度３ｍｍ以下の破砕廃石膏には紙が含まれていなかった。この実験結果により、石膏ボード廃材に付着した紙は、破砕によって廃石膏よりも小さくなりにくいことから、特に粒度５ｍｍ以下のふるい分けの際において、紙がふるいの網目上に残りやすく、その多くを除去できることが確認できた。 As shown in Table 1, crushed waste gypsum with a particle size of 5 mm or more contained a large amount of paper. Also, the crushed waste gypsum with a particle size of 3 to 5 mm contained an extremely small amount of paper. The crushed waste gypsum with a particle size of 3 mm or less contained no paper. According to the results of this experiment, since the paper adhering to the gypsum board waste is less likely to become smaller than the waste gypsum by crushing, especially when sieving particles with a particle size of 5 mm or less, the paper tends to remain on the mesh of the sieve, and most of it is removed. I have confirmed that it is possible.
次に、粒径２ｍｍ以下の廃石膏と、上述した石膏ボード廃材と同様の破砕手順で破砕した粒径２ｍｍ以下の廃ガラスとを用いて供試体を作成した。使用材料は、普通ポルトランドセメント（Ｃ）、廃石膏（Ｐ）、廃ガラス（Ｇ）とし、廃石膏と廃ガラスの配合比（質量％）を変化させ３種類作製した。また、これらの材料を混合する混合工程における含水比（ｗ）は、０．３８とした。配合条件については下記表２に示す。 Next, waste gypsum with a particle size of 2 mm or less and waste glass with a particle size of 2 mm or less crushed by the same crushing procedure as the above-mentioned gypsum board waste material were used to prepare specimens. The materials used were ordinary Portland cement (C), waste gypsum (P), and waste glass (G), and three types were produced by changing the mixing ratio (% by mass) of waste gypsum and waste glass. Moreover, the water content ratio (w) in the mixing step of mixing these materials was set to 0.38. The compounding conditions are shown in Table 2 below.
供試体は、圧縮強度試験用に直径５０ｍｍ、高さ１００ｍｍの円柱状の固化体として作製した。また、供試体は１種類につき３本ずつ振動による締固めで固化体を作製し、固化工程として２０±２℃で気中養生させた。養生条件は７日、１４日、２８日、６３日、９１日、１８３日とした。供試体は1種類につき３本ずつ一軸圧縮試験(ＪＩＳ Ａ１２１６に準拠)を行い、圧縮強度を測定した。 A specimen was prepared as a columnar solidified body with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm for a compressive strength test. For each type of specimen, three specimens were compacted by vibration to form a solidified body, which was cured in the air at 20±2° C. as a solidification process. The curing conditions were 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 63 days, 91 days and 183 days. Three specimens of each type were subjected to a uniaxial compression test (according to JIS A1216) to measure the compressive strength.
図３に含水比０．３８のときの、廃石膏Ａと廃ガラスの配合比を変化させたときの供試体の一軸圧縮強度を示す。すべての養生期間において廃石膏：ガラス＝５０：５０（供試体Ｙ３）の圧縮強度が最も高く、養生期間１８３日で１５．５Ｎ／ｍｍ２となった。また、廃石膏量が廃ガラス量に対して少ない方が、圧縮強度が増加することが確認できた。圧縮強度が増加した要因として、廃ガラスの細骨材としての効果によるものと推測される。また、廃石膏量が多くなると、固化体中においてエトリンガイトが生成され、その結晶の膨張により圧縮強度が低下したものと推測される。尚、すべての供試体Ｙ１～Ｙ３において、養生期間１８３日で空洞ブロック（コンクリートブロックＡ種）のＪＩＳ規格値（ＪＩＳ Ａ ５４０６）である８Ｎ／ｍｍ２を超えていることから、擁壁等への利用が可能であると考えられる。 FIG. 3 shows the unconfined compressive strength of the test piece when the blending ratio of the waste gypsum A and the waste glass was changed when the water content ratio was 0.38. The compressive strength of waste gypsum:glass=50:50 (specimen Y3) was the highest in all curing periods, reaching 15.5 N/mm 2 after 183 days of curing. It was also confirmed that the compressive strength increased when the amount of waste gypsum was smaller than the amount of waste glass. The reason for the increase in compressive strength is presumed to be the effect of waste glass as a fine aggregate. In addition, it is presumed that when the amount of waste gypsum increased, ettringite was generated in the solidified body, and the compressive strength decreased due to expansion of the crystals. It should be noted that all specimens Y1 to Y3 exceeded the JIS standard value (JIS A 5406) of 8 N/mm 2 for hollow blocks (concrete block type A) after a curing period of 183 days. It is considered possible to use
次いで、粒度別にふるい分けした破砕廃石膏の硫化水素の発生ポテンシャル測定を行った。詳しくは、１０００ｍＬの三角フラスコに破砕廃石膏２００gを入れ、窒素ガスで脱気した脱気水を４００ｍＬ入れた直後に、１０秒ほど手攪拌した。次に、フラスコ内の気相を窒素ガスで２分間置換し、ゴム栓で密閉したものを４０℃の恒温室で１週間培養した。１週間後、フラスコの気相中の硫化水素ガス濃度をポータブルガスクロマトグラフィーＧＡ５０００で測定した。また、石膏ボード廃材に使われていた紙のみを手ではがし、１０００ｍＬの三角フラスコに紙２０ｇを入れ、上記の方法で硫化水素ガス発生実験を行った。実験結果について下記表３及び図４に示す。 Next, the hydrogen sulfide generation potential of the crushed waste gypsum sieved by particle size was measured. Specifically, 200 g of crushed waste gypsum was placed in a 1,000 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 400 mL of degassed water degassed with nitrogen gas was added, followed by manual stirring for about 10 seconds. Next, the gas phase in the flask was replaced with nitrogen gas for 2 minutes, and the flask was sealed with a rubber stopper and cultured in a constant temperature room at 40°C for 1 week. After one week, the hydrogen sulfide gas concentration in the gas phase of the flask was measured with a portable gas chromatograph GA5000. In addition, only the paper used for the gypsum board waste was peeled off by hand, 20 g of the paper was placed in a 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and hydrogen sulfide gas generation experiment was performed by the above method. The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below and FIG.
表３及び図４に示されるように、粒度５ｍｍ以上の画分から硫化水素が発生（５０ｐｐｍ以上）した。これは、表１に示すように、この画分の紙の割合が高いため、紙に付着するグルコース糊等の有機物の量が多くなることが硫化水素の発生原因であると推測される。また、粒度５ｍｍ以下の破砕廃石膏からは、硫化水素は発生しなかった。粒度３～５ｍｍの破砕廃石膏には僅かに紙が付着していたが、付着した紙が極少量だったため硫化水素は発生しなかったものと推測される。また、表３に示されるように、紙のみを用いた実験においては、１８．５ｐｐｍの硫化水素が検出され、５ｍｍ以上廃石膏よりも濃度が低くかった。これは、紙を剥がしてもグルコース糊が廃石膏に多く残存していたためと考えられる。 As shown in Table 3 and FIG. 4, hydrogen sulfide was generated (50 ppm or more) from the fraction with a particle size of 5 mm or more. As shown in Table 1, it is presumed that the amount of organic matter such as glucose glue adhering to the paper increases because the proportion of paper in this fraction is high, which is the cause of the generation of hydrogen sulfide. Further, no hydrogen sulfide was generated from crushed waste gypsum having a particle size of 5 mm or less. A small amount of paper adhered to the crushed waste gypsum with a particle size of 3 to 5 mm. Also, as shown in Table 3, in the experiment using only paper, 18.5 ppm of hydrogen sulfide was detected, and the concentration was lower than that of waste gypsum by 5 mm or more. This is probably because a large amount of glucose paste remained in the waste gypsum even after the paper was peeled off.
以上の結果より、粒度５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは３ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは、粒度２ｍｍ以下に破砕された廃石膏を利用することで、紙が十分に除去され、硫化水素の発生しない固化体を作製することができることが確認できた。 From the above results, by using waste gypsum crushed to a particle size of 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, paper is sufficiently removed and a solidified body that does not generate hydrogen sulfide is produced. I have confirmed that it is possible.
次いで、混合工程において含水比を変化させたときの供試体の圧縮強度を測定した。図５にセメント３０質量％、廃石膏とガラスを合計した残り７０質量％について廃石膏：ガラス＝５０：５０の配合比で混合し、含水比を０．３～０．３７に変化させたときの供試体の圧縮強度試験の結果を示す。 Next, the compressive strength of the specimen was measured when the water content ratio was changed in the mixing process. In FIG. 5, 30% by mass of cement and the remaining 70% by mass of waste gypsum and glass were mixed at a mixing ratio of waste gypsum:glass = 50:50, and the water content was changed from 0.3 to 0.37. shows the results of the compressive strength test of the specimen.
図５に示されるように、養生期間９１日では、含水比０．３３の場合に最も高い圧縮強度を得ることができた。また、含水比０．３７の場合には混合水量が多くなり、流動性が大きくなったが、圧縮強度は低下した。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the curing period of 91 days, the highest compressive strength could be obtained in the case of the water content ratio of 0.33. In addition, when the water content ratio was 0.37, the amount of mixed water increased and the fluidity increased, but the compressive strength decreased.
以上、本発明の実施例と変形例を図面により説明してきたが、具体的な構成はこれら実施例に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲における変更や追加があっても本発明に含まれる。 Although the embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention may be modified or added without departing from the gist of the present invention. Included in the invention.
前記実施例では、セメント系固化材としてポルトランドセメントを使用する形態を例示したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、混合セメントや特殊セメントやエコセメントを使用することとしてもよい。また、ポルトランドセメントにフライアッシュやクリンカアッシュなどの石炭灰、砂や砂利、ケイ酸ナトリウム、高炉スラグや製鋼スラグ、焼却灰や汚泥などを混合し使用することとしてもよい。尚、フライアッシュを混合する場合は、ポルトランドセメントからフライアッシュに置換する割合を２５％以下とすることにより、圧縮強度を維持することができる。 Although Portland cement is used as the cementitious solidifying material in the above examples, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, mixed cement, special cement, or ecocement may be used. . Portland cement may be mixed with fly ash, clinker ash, and other coal ash, sand, gravel, sodium silicate, blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, incineration ash, sludge, and the like. In addition, when fly ash is mixed, the compressive strength can be maintained by setting the ratio of replacement of Portland cement to fly ash to 25% or less.
また、前記実施例では、粒径２ｍｍ以下のガラスを使用する形態を例示したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、ガラスの粒度を適宜変更することとしてもよい。 Further, in the above-described examples, the form using glass having a particle size of 2 mm or less was exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the particle size of the glass may be appropriately changed.
また、前記実施例では、産業廃棄物処理施設に搬入された解体系の石膏ボード廃材を使用する形態を例示したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、新築系の石膏ボード廃材や、新築系と解体系とが混在する石膏ボード廃材を使用することとしてもよい。 In addition, in the above-described embodiment, a mode of using gypsum board waste materials from demolition systems brought into an industrial waste treatment facility was exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, gypsum board waste from new construction systems is used. It is also possible to use waste materials or gypsum board waste materials that are a mixture of newly built and demolished materials.
また、前記実施例では、固化工程として２０±２℃で７日、１４日、２８日、６３日、９１日、１８３日気中養生させる形態を例示したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、温度や養生日数を変更してもよいし、固化体の脱水を促進する機材等を利用してもよい。 In addition, in the above-described examples, the solidification process was performed at 20±2° C. for 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 63 days, 91 days, and 183 days, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, for example, the temperature or the number of curing days may be changed, or a device or the like that promotes dehydration of the solidified material may be used.
道路路盤材、コンクリートブロック製品等の土木資材として利用することができる。 It can be used as civil engineering materials such as roadbed materials and concrete block products.
Claims (5)
破砕された前記石膏ボード廃材を５ｍｍ以下の粒度まで分級を行う分級工程と、
前記分級工程において分級された粒径５ｍｍ以下の前記石膏ボード廃材とセメント系固化材とを混合させる混合工程と、
混合された前記石膏ボード廃材と前記セメント系固化材とを固化させる固化工程と、を含む石膏ボード廃材を利用した土木資材の製造方法。 A crushing process for crushing gypsum board scraps;
a classification step of classifying the crushed gypsum board waste material to a particle size of 5 mm or less;
A mixing step of mixing the gypsum board waste material having a particle size of 5 mm or less classified in the classification step and a cement-based solidifying material;
and a solidification step of solidifying the mixed gypsum board waste material and the cement-based solidifying material.
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