JP2023019314A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an inexpensive heat exchanger.SOLUTION: A heat exchanger 1 of the invention includes: a shell 2 having a cylindrical part 211 whose inner peripheral surface 211a has a cylindrical shape; a heat transmission container 3 which is disposed spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface 211a in the cylindrical part 211, has a first passage F1 through which a heat receiving fluid passes therein, and is formed in a spiral shape from the inner peripheral surface 211a side to the cylindrical center side of the cylindrical part 211; and a heat source fluid introduction port 214a which is open in a tangential direction on the inner peripheral surface 211a and introduces a heat source fluid into a second passage F2 defined by an outer surface of the heat transmission container 3 and the inner peripheral surface 211a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between fluids.

Conventionally, incineration facilities for incinerating materials to be incinerated such as sludge and drying facilities for drying materials to be treated are equipped with heat exchangers to recover the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from heat treatment equipment such as incinerators and dryers. is being The exhaust gas from which heat is recovered in this heat exchanger is hereinafter referred to as heat source fluid. The heat exchanger includes a shell, which is an outer container, and a heat transfer vessel that is disposed inside the shell and has therein a flow path through which a heat-receiving fluid passes. The heat source fluid passes outside the heat transfer vessel within the shell. At that time, the heat source fluid exchanges heat with the heat receiving fluid by coming into contact with the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel. Some heat exchangers recover heat from a low-temperature heat source fluid having a relatively low temperature of about 200° C. (see, for example, Patent Document 1). By the way, the heat source fluid may contain sulfur oxides and hydrogen chloride. When the heat source fluid containing sulfur oxides and hydrogen chloride reaches a temperature below the acid dew point, so-called sulfuric acid condensation and hydrochloric acid condensation occur.

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 52-35656

In the heat exchanger of Patent Document 1, since the heat source fluid is introduced from above and discharged from below, the temperature of the heat source fluid becomes lower than the acid dew point in the lower portion of the heat exchanger, causing condensation of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. As a result, the heat source fluid may change into condensed liquid containing sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. For this reason, the heat transfer vessel whose outer surface contacts the heat source fluid and the shell whose inner peripheral surface contacts the heat source fluid must be made of an expensive acid-corrosion-resistant metal that is not attacked by condensate containing these corrosive components. . As a result, there is a problem that the heat exchanger becomes expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive heat exchanger.

The heat exchanger of the present invention for solving the above object is a shell having a cylindrical portion with a cylindrical inner peripheral surface,
It is arranged in the cylindrical portion with a gap from the inner peripheral surface, has a first flow path through which the heat-receiving fluid passes, and has a spiral shape from the inner peripheral surface side toward the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion. a heat transfer vessel formed in
A heat source fluid introduction port that opens in a tangential direction of the inner peripheral surface and introduces a heat source fluid into a second flow path defined by the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel and the inner peripheral surface is provided. .

According to the heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat source fluid before heat exchange introduced from the heat source fluid inlet is in contact with the inner peripheral surface, so the temperature of the heat source fluid is high in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface. never decrease. Therefore, since it is not necessary to use acid-corrosion-resistant metal for the cylindrical portion, the shell can be constructed at low cost, and as a result, the cost of the heat exchanger can be reduced.

Here, the heat transfer vessel may be in the form of a hollow plate formed into a spiral shape. Further, the heat exchanger may include a heat source fluid discharge port for discharging the heat source fluid in a tangential direction on the inner peripheral surface. Furthermore, the heat source fluid outlet may be arranged below the heat source fluid inlet. Additionally, the heat source fluid inlet may be located in an upper portion of the shell and the heat source fluid outlet may be located in a lower portion of the shell. Further, the shell may have a constricted portion which is connected to the cylindrical portion and whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases as the inner peripheral surface moves away from the cylindrical portion.

Further, in the heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat source fluid inlet introduces the heat source fluid in a winding direction from the inner peripheral surface side toward the cylinder center side in the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel, good too.

In other words, the winding direction of the heat transfer vessel can also be said to be the winding direction coinciding with the swirling direction of the swirling flow of the heat source fluid flowing in from the heat source fluid inlet in the cylindrical portion.

In a heat exchanger in which the heat source fluid and the heat receiving fluid flow separately across the wall of the heat transfer container, when the flow velocity of the heat source fluid decreases, the heat transfer efficiency between the heat source fluid and the heat receiving fluid decreases. Tend. When the heat source fluid flows while exchanging heat with the heat receiving fluid, the temperature of the heat source fluid decreases and the heat source fluid contracts as it goes downstream in the flow, and normally the flow velocity of the heat source fluid gradually increases. will decline. On the other hand, in this aspect, the heat source fluid introduced into the shell and circulating in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface tends to flow toward the center of the cylinder due to the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel. Therefore, when the heat source fluid flows while contracting toward the center of the cylinder, the radius of curvature in the horizontal plane of the flow path (second flow path) of the heat source fluid increases toward the center of the cylinder. This has the effect of increasing the flow velocity of the fluid (heat source fluid) flowing along this curvature, and the heat source fluid before heat exchange flows from the inner peripheral surface side to the cylinder center side, and the heat source fluid at the cylinder center side is maintained. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency is maintained even on the center side of the cylinder, so that the heat exchanger as a whole can obtain high heat transfer efficiency.

Further, in the heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat transfer vessel is provided with a heat-receiving fluid inlet through which the heat-receiving fluid flows in on the center side of the cylinder, and the heat-receiving fluid discharges the heat-receiving fluid on the inner peripheral surface side of the cylinder. An outflow port may be provided.

By doing so, the heat-receiving fluid is heat-exchanged with the heat-source fluid having a higher temperature as it approaches the heat-receiving-fluid outlet side, so the temperature of the heat-receiving fluid tends to increase.

Furthermore, in the heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat transfer vessel may be arranged with a gap from the lower end of the shell.

Since the heat source fluid that has flowed to the center side of the cylinder can flow toward the inner peripheral surface between the lower end of the heat transfer vessel and the lower end of the shell, the space formed by the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel The heat source fluid that has flowed in easily flows toward the center of the cylinder, and the flow of the heat source fluid becomes smooth toward the center of the cylinder. This also facilitates maintaining the flow velocity of the heat source fluid, so that high heat transfer efficiency can be obtained. The heat source fluid flowing downward from the heat transfer vessel while circulating along the inner peripheral surface maintains a relatively high temperature. Although they are cold, they are mixed in the space between the lower end of the heat transfer vessel and the lower end of the shell, and the mixed heat source fluid is discharged from the heat source fluid outlet. Therefore, in the vicinity of the lower end of the shell, the temperature of the heat source fluid is not lowered so much, and the temperature is maintained at a certain high temperature. As a result, it is no longer necessary to use an acid-corrosion-resistant metal for the member forming the lower end of the shell, and the shell can be constructed at a lower cost. Further, when the temperature of the heat source fluid flowing into the space formed by the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel progresses, condensed liquid (condensed droplets) is generated from the heat source fluid, and the condensed droplets are transferred to the heat transfer vessel. It may adhere to the outer surface (heat transfer surface) of the container. In this case, the condensed droplets adhering to the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel move toward the center of the spiral (toward the center of the cylinder) due to the action of the heat source fluid flowing through the space. come into contact with each other and form large droplets, which tend to flow down the heat transfer surface. Therefore, the heat transfer performance of the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel is less likely to be impaired, and the outer surface tends to function effectively as a heat transfer surface.

Here, the heat transfer container may have a lower end arranged at the same height as a heat source fluid outlet for discharging the heat source fluid or above the heat source fluid outlet. By disposing in this way, the flow of the heat source fluid becomes smoother.

Furthermore, the heat exchanger of the present invention may further include a drain discharge section provided in a lower portion of the shell for discharging drain generated from the heat source fluid.

By providing the drain discharge part, the drain accumulated in the lower part of the shell can be easily discharged.

In addition, in the heat exchanger of the present invention, the shell includes a shell body having the cylindrical portion, and a lid that is detachably attached to the shell body and closes the top of the shell body,
The heat transfer container may be attached to the lid.

By removing the lid from the shell body, the heat transfer vessel can be pulled out from the shell body, thereby facilitating maintenance such as cleaning and replacement of the heat transfer vessel.

According to the heat exchanger of the present invention, an inexpensive heat exchanger can be provided.

It is a front view of a heat exchanger which is one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a right side view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1; (a) is a plan view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line AA. 2 is an exploded sectional view showing the internal structure of a heat transfer vessel in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 3 is a right side view showing how the cover is removed from the shell body of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 and the heat transfer vessel is pulled out; 2 is a right side view showing how a top plate is removed from a container body of a heat transfer container in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1. FIG. (a) is a plan view of a heat exchanger of a modification, and (b) is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3(b) showing the internal configuration of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. .

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a heat exchanger that is one embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a right side view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3(a) is a plan view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. It should be noted that FIG. 2 omits a drain discharge portion 213, which will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the heat exchanger 1 of this embodiment includes a shell 2 and a heat transfer vessel 3 . This heat exchanger 1 exchanges heat between a heat-receiving fluid and a heat-source fluid in order to increase the temperature of the heat-receiving fluid.

The shell 2 has a shell body 21 and a lid body 22 . The shell body 21 has a cylindrical portion 211 , a throttle portion 212 , a drain discharge portion 213 , a heat source fluid introduction portion 214 , and a heat source fluid discharge portion 215 . The cylindrical portion 211 is a hollow body made of SUS304 and having cylindrical inner and outer peripheral surfaces. The cylindrical portion 211 has an inner diameter of 500 mm and a height of 2 m. The cylindrical portion 211 may be made of general structural rolled steel (SS), or may be made of other steel or a metal material other than steel. Moreover, the inner diameter and height of the cylindrical portion 211 may be appropriately set according to the operating conditions and installation environment in which the heat exchanger 1 is used.

The narrowed portion 212 has its upper end coupled to the lower end of the cylindrical portion 211 . A drain discharge portion 213 is coupled to the lower end of the throttle portion 212 . In this narrowed portion 212 , the cross-sectional area of the internal space decreases toward the drain discharge portion 213 . In other words, the constricted portion 212 has an inverted conical inner peripheral surface whose diameter gradually decreases with increasing distance from the cylindrical portion 211 . A level meter (not shown) is provided in the narrowed portion 212 .

The drain discharge part 213 is provided at the lowest part of the shell 2 . The drain discharge section 213 has a drain discharge pipe 2131 , an on-off valve 2132 and a pump 2133 . The drain discharge pipe 2131 is connected to the throttle portion 212 . The on-off valve 2132 is an electric valve. The pump 2133 is arranged downstream of the on-off valve 2132 . Normally, the on-off valve 2132 is closed and the pump 2133 is stopped. In this state, drain (condensed liquid) generated from the heat source fluid is accumulated in the drain discharge pipe 2131 upstream of the on-off valve 2132 and in the constricted portion 212 . The operation of the on-off valve 2132 and the pump 2133 is controlled by a controller. When the controller receives a signal indicating that a predetermined amount of drain has been accumulated from the level gauge provided in the throttle section 212, the control device releases the on-off valve 2132, activates the pump 2133, and discharges the accumulated drain. do. Note that one of the on-off valve 2132 and the pump 2133 may be omitted depending on the configuration of the drain discharge section. For example, when the drain discharge pipe 2131 on the downstream side of the pump 2133 extends upward (when a liquid seal state can be established by the drain discharge pipe 2131), the on-off valve 2132 may be omitted. Conversely, the pump 2133 may be omitted if the drain discharge pipe 2131 on the downstream side of the on-off valve 2132 extends downward and the liquid can be drained by gravity. Alternatively, a manual valve may be used as the on-off valve 2132 to manually discharge the drain.

The heat source fluid introduction part 214 is provided near the upper end of the cylindrical part 211 . As shown in FIG. 2, the heat source fluid introduction part 214 is configured by a tube having a rectangular inner surface. The heat source fluid introduction part 214 protrudes from the cylindrical part 211 in the tangential direction of the cylindrical part 211 . A heat source fluid introduction port 214a that opens in a tangential direction on an inner peripheral surface 211a (see FIG. 3B) of the cylindrical portion 211 is opened at a joint portion of the cylindrical portion 211 with the heat source fluid introduction portion 214 . A protruding end of the heat source fluid introduction part 214 is connected to a heat source fluid supply pipe (not shown). The heat source fluid before being heat-exchanged flows into the heat source fluid introduction portion 214 through the heat source fluid supply pipe. The heat source fluid that has flowed into the heat source fluid introduction portion 214 is introduced into the shell main body 21 through the heat source fluid introduction port 214 a along the tangential direction of the inner peripheral surface 211 a of the cylindrical portion 211 . Thereby, a swirl flow of the heat source fluid is formed in the shell body 21 . Exhaust gas discharged from a heat treatment device such as an incinerator or a dryer is used as the heat source fluid. However, other gas or liquid may be used as the heat source fluid.

The heat source fluid discharge part 215 is provided near the lower end of the cylindrical part 211 . The heat source fluid discharge part 215 is composed of a tube having a rectangular inner surface. The heat source fluid discharge portion 215 protrudes from the cylindrical portion 211 in the tangential direction of the cylindrical portion 211 . As shown in FIG. 3( a ), the heat source fluid discharge portion 215 and the heat source fluid introduction portion 214 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane passing through the center of the cylindrical portion 211 in plan view. Note that the heat source fluid introduction part 214 and the heat source fluid discharge part 215 do not necessarily have to be plane-symmetrically arranged. However, it is preferable that the heat source fluid discharge part 215 protrude along the flow direction of the swirling flow formed inside the shell body 21 . A heat source fluid introduction part 214 is arranged near the upper end of the cylindrical part 211 , and a heat source fluid discharge part 215 is arranged near the lower end of the cylindrical part 211 . A swirl flow is easily formed by the heat source fluid over the entire area from the upper part to the lower part of the heat transfer vessel 3, and the flow velocity of the heat source fluid flowing through the space formed by the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3 is easily maintained. As shown in FIG. 2, a heat source fluid discharge port opened in a tangential direction on an inner peripheral surface 211a (see FIG. 3B) of the cylindrical portion 211 is provided at the joint portion of the cylindrical portion 211 with the heat source fluid discharge portion 215. 215a is formed. A projecting end of the heat source fluid discharge part 215 is connected to a heat source fluid discharge pipe (not shown). After heat exchange, the heat source fluid flows from the cylindrical portion 211 into the heat source fluid discharge portion 215 and is discharged from the heat exchanger 1 through the heat source fluid discharge pipe.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the lid 22 has a lid body 221 , a heat-receiving fluid inlet 222 and two heat-receiving fluid outlets 223 . The lid 22 is detachably attached to the shell body 21 and closes the top of the shell body 21 when attached. The lid body 221 has a disc shape. The lid body 221 is airtightly fastened to the upper end of the cylindrical portion 211 with a bolt and a sealing material (not shown), so that the lid body 22 is detachably attached to the shell body 21 .

The heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222 is arranged in the central portion of the lid body 221 and protrudes upward from the lid body 221 . The heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222 has a lower end fixed to the lid body 221 . The heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222 has a hollow cylindrical upper portion and a hollow inverted conical lower portion that tapers toward the lid body 221 . As shown in FIG. 3( a ), the connecting portion of the lid body 221 to the heat receiving fluid inlet portion 222 is formed with a lid center opening having the same shape as the hole shape at the lower end of the heat receiving fluid inlet portion 222 . The upper end of the heat-receiving fluid inflow part 222 is connected to a heat-receiving fluid supply pipe (not shown). The heat-receiving fluid before heat-exchanged flows from the heat-receiving fluid supply pipe into the heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222 . Although the heat-receiving fluid in this embodiment is water, other liquids and gases may be used as the heat-receiving fluid. The heat-receiving fluid that has flowed into the heat-receiving fluid inlet portion 222 flows into the heat transfer vessel 3 through the lid central opening and a heat-receiving fluid inlet 3a, which will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the two heat-receiving fluid outflow portions 223 are arranged on the edge side portion of the lid body 221 and protrude upward from the lid body 221 . The heat-receiving fluid outflow portion 223 has the same shape as the heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222 . As shown in FIG. 3(a), the two heat-receiving fluid outflow portions 223 are located on opposite sides of the heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222, and their lower ends are fixed to the lid body 221. As shown in FIG. At the connecting portion of the lid body 221 with the heat-receiving fluid outflow portion 223, the short side has the same width as the space between the inner surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3, and the long side is slightly larger than the diameter of the hole at the lower end of the heat-receiving fluid inflow portion 222. A rectangular lid end opening is formed with a slightly shorter length. The heat-receiving fluid whose temperature has been raised by heat exchange flows out into the heat-receiving fluid outflow part 223 through the heat-receiving fluid outflow port 3b described later and the lid end opening. The upper end of the heat-receiving fluid outflow part 223 is connected to a heat-receiving fluid delivery pipe (not shown). The heat-receiving fluid flowing into the heat-receiving-fluid outlet 223 is delivered to the heat-receiving-fluid delivery pipe.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the heat transfer vessel 3 is arranged inside the cylindrical portion 211 . Note that the heat transfer vessel 3 may extend from the inside of the cylindrical portion 211 to the inside of the narrowed portion 212 . The heat transfer vessel 3 of this embodiment is made of SUS316, but may be made of other acid corrosion resistant metal such as titanium. The heat transfer vessel 3 is detachably attached to the lid body 221 with its upper end in contact with the lid body 221 . Moreover, the heat transfer vessel 3 is arranged with a gap from the lower end of the shell 2 . The lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 is arranged between the upper end and the lower end of the heat source fluid outlet 215a. In other words, the height position of the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 is at the same height position as the heat source fluid outlet 215a. In other words, the height position of the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 is between the upper end and the lower end of the heat source fluid outlet 215a. The height position of the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 may be higher than the height position of the heat source fluid outlet 215a, or may be lower than the height position of the heat source fluid outlet 215a. However, considering the flow of the heat source fluid in the vicinity of the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3, the height position of the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 is within the range of the opening height position of the heat source fluid outlet 215a or the heat source fluid outlet 215a. is preferably above the upper end position of the .

FIG. 3(b) is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line AA. In FIG. 3B, the flow of the heat source fluid introduced into the shell body 21 is indicated by white arrows, and the flow of the heat receiving fluid that has flowed into the heat transfer vessel 3 is indicated by thick arrows.

As shown in FIG. 3(b), the heat transfer vessel 3 is a hollow plate-shaped vessel having a first flow path F1 inside, and the heat transfer vessel 3 is a hollow plate-shaped vessel having a first flow path F1 inside, and the inner peripheral surface 211a side of the cylindrical part 211 It is formed in a spiral shape with two streaks facing toward. The distance L between the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3 in the spiral shape is substantially constant and set at 20 mm from the inner peripheral surface 211a side to the vicinity of the cylinder center of the cylindrical portion 211 . The heat transfer vessel 3 is arranged with a substantially constant gap from the upper portion to the lower portion of the inner peripheral surface 211a of the cylindrical portion 211 and the inner peripheral surface 211a. The space between this gap and the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3 becomes the second flow path F2 through which the heat source fluid flows. In other words, the second flow path F<b>2 is defined by the inner peripheral surface 211 a of the cylindrical portion 211 and the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel 3 . In the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel 3, the direction of winding from the inner peripheral surface 211a side of the cylindrical portion 211 toward the center side of the cylindrical portion 211 is the swirl of the swirling flow formed by the heat source fluid introduced from the heat source fluid inlet 214a. match the direction. That is, the heat source fluid inlet 214a introduces the heat source fluid in the spiral direction of the heat transfer vessel 3 in the spiral direction from the inner peripheral surface 211a side toward the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion 211 . As a result, part of the heat source fluid introduced from the heat source fluid inlet port 214a passes between the outer surfaces of the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel 3 and exchanges heat with the heat receiving fluid in the heat transfer vessel 3 while exchanging heat with the cylindrical portion. It flows toward the cylinder center side of 211. A portion of the heat source fluid finally leaks out from the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 and heads toward the heat source fluid discharge port 215a. Another part of the heat source fluid introduced from the heat source fluid introduction port 214a moves downward while swirling along the inner peripheral surface 211a, and reaches the heat source fluid discharge port 215a formed below the cylindrical portion 211. Head. A further part of the other part of the heat source fluid enters between the outer surfaces of the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel 3 while moving downward while swirling along the inner peripheral surface 211a. , it flows toward the cylinder center side of the cylinder portion 211 .

4 is an exploded sectional view showing the internal structure of a heat transfer vessel in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1. FIG. In addition, it can be said that FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heat transfer vessel 3 before being formed into a spiral shape.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the heat transfer vessel 3 has a vessel body 31 and a top plate 32 . The container main body 31 is a bottomed plate-like container with an open upper surface and a space that is the first flow path F1 formed therein. The top plate 32 closes the top opening of the container body 31 . The top plate 32 is detachably attached to the container body 31 . The upper plate 32 is formed with a heat-receiving fluid inlet 3a and two heat-receiving fluid outlets 3b. The heat-receiving fluid inlet 3 a opens in the central portion of the top plate 32 . As shown in FIG. 3( a ), the heat-receiving fluid inlet 3 a is arranged on the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion 211 when the heat transfer vessel 3 is spirally formed and attached to the lid 22 . It continues to the lid center opening of the main body 221 . Also, as shown in FIG. 4, the two heat-receiving fluid outlets 3b are opened at both end portions of the top plate 32, respectively. As shown in FIG. 3(a), the heat-receiving fluid outlet 3b is in a state in which the heat transfer vessel 3 is formed in a spiral shape and attached to the lid 22, the inner peripheral surface 211a of the cylindrical portion 211 (see FIG. 3 ( b) See) is arranged on the side portion and continues to the lid end opening of the lid body 221 .

As shown in FIG. 4, the first flow path F1 formed in the heat transfer vessel 3 includes a plurality of upper baffle plates 41 projecting downward from above the first flow path F1, and the first flow path A plurality of lower baffle plates 42 projecting upward from below F1 are arranged. A plurality of upper baffle plates 41 are fixed to the upper plate 32 . Also, the plurality of lower baffle plates 42 are fixed to the container body 31 . The heat-receiving fluid that has flowed into the first flow path F1 from the heat-receiving fluid inlet 3a flows toward the two heat-receiving fluid outlets 3b. At that time, the flow is disturbed by the upper baffle plate 41 and the lower baffle plate 42 and flows meandering. As a result, the heat-receiving fluid tends to become turbulent, and the first flow path F1 is substantially elongated, so heat is efficiently exchanged between the heat-source fluid and the heat-receiving fluid.

Next, a method for removing the heat transfer vessel 3 from the shell body 21 will be described. FIG. 5 is a right side view showing how the cover is removed from the shell body of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 and the heat transfer vessel is pulled out.

As described above, the heat transfer vessel 3 is attached to the lid 22, and the lid 22 is detachably attached to the shell body 21. Therefore, by removing the lid 22 from the shell body 21, the heat transfer vessel 3 can be can be pulled out from the shell body 21 together with the lid body 22 . FIG. 5 shows how the upper half of the heat transfer vessel 3 is extracted from the shell body 21 . By further lifting the lid 22 upward from the state shown in FIG. 5 , the heat transfer vessel 3 can be completely extracted from the shell body 21 . By extracting the heat transfer vessel 3 from the shell body 21, not only maintenance such as cleaning and replacement of the heat transfer vessel 3 is facilitated, but also maintenance of the inside of the shell body 21 is facilitated.

6 is a right side view showing how the top plate is removed from the container body of the heat transfer container in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

As described above, the plurality of upper baffle plates 41 are fixed to the top plate 32 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 , by removing the top plate 32 from the container body 31 , the plurality of upper baffle plates 41 can be extracted from the container body 31 . Removing the upper baffle plate 41 from the container body 31 facilitates maintenance such as cleaning and replacement of the upper baffle plate 41 .

The heat exchanger 1 of this embodiment described above has the following effects. In the heat exchanger 1 of this embodiment, part of the heat source fluid introduced into the cylindrical portion 211 through the heat source fluid inlet 214a moves downward while swirling along the inner peripheral surface 211a. Since the heat transfer vessel 3 is spaced apart from the inner peripheral surface 211a, the heat source fluid does not exchange heat in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface 211a, and the temperature of the heat source fluid is less likely to decrease. Therefore, even if the heat source fluid contains sulfur oxides or hydrogen chloride, no condensed liquid containing sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is produced. As a result, at least the cylindrical portion 211 does not need to be made of an acid-corrosion-resistant metal, and relatively inexpensive SUS304, SS, or the like can be used as the material of the cylindrical portion 211, so that the shell 2 can be constructed at a low cost. As a result, the heat exchanger 1 can be made inexpensive.

Of the heat source fluid introduced into the cylindrical portion 211 from the heat source fluid inlet 214a, the heat source fluid flowing toward the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion 211 contracts due to heat exchange. Generally, when the heat source fluid contracts, the flow velocity of the heat source fluid decreases. As the flow velocity of the heat source fluid decreases, the heat transfer efficiency between the heat source fluid and the heat receiving fluid tends to decrease. In this embodiment, the swirling direction of the heat source fluid swirling along the inner peripheral surface 211a coincides with the winding direction of the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel 3, so that the heat source fluid swirls along the inner peripheral surface 211a. The heat source fluid tends to flow toward the center of the cylinder. Therefore, when the heat source fluid flowing toward the cylinder center side while exchanging heat contracts, the heat source fluid swirling along the inner peripheral surface 211a flows toward the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion 211. A decrease in flow velocity is suppressed. Thereby, heat transfer efficiency can be improved.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the heat source fluid maintains a high temperature on the inner peripheral surface 211a side in the second flow path F2, and heat exchange progresses as it approaches the cylinder center side, and the temperature decreases. Conversely, the heat-receiving fluid in the first flow path F1 flows from the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion 211 to the inner peripheral surface 211a side portion. Therefore, as the heat receiving fluid approaches the heat receiving fluid outlet 3b provided on the inner peripheral surface 211a side, heat is exchanged with the high-temperature heat source fluid, so the temperature when reaching the heat receiving fluid outlet 3b tends to increase. In addition, since the heat transfer vessel 3 is arranged with a gap from the lower end of the shell 2, the heat source fluid that has flowed to the center side of the cylinder reaches the lower end of the heat transfer vessel 3 and flows through the gap to the inner circumference. It can flow toward the surface 211a. As a result, the flow of the heat source fluid becomes smooth, and the flow velocity of the heat source fluid is easily maintained, so that a decrease in heat transfer efficiency can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the drain discharge part 213 is provided, the drain accumulated in the lower part of the shell 2 can be easily discharged.

In addition, the distance L between the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3 is maintained over the entire length in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) of the heat transfer vessel 3, and there are no obstacles. The second flow path F2 is less likely to be blocked. In addition, since there are no obstacles between the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3, the outer surfaces are easy to clean. Further, a space is formed in the vicinity of the inner peripheral surface 211a over the entire longitudinal length of the heat transfer vessel 3 in which the heat source fluid can swirl. Since there is a gap between them and the heat source fluid flowing toward the center of the cylinder can flow smoothly, the pressure loss of the heat source fluid in the heat exchanger 1 can be minimized. By preparing a plurality of heat exchangers 1 shown in this embodiment and arranging those heat exchangers 1 in parallel or in series along the flow of the heat source fluid or the heat receiving fluid, various needs in heat exchange can be met. You can also

Next, a modified example of the heat exchanger 1 described so far will be described. In the following description, the same reference numerals as those used so far may be assigned to the names of constituent elements that are the same as the names of the constituent elements that have been explained so far, and duplicate explanations will be omitted.

FIG. 7(a) is a plan view of a heat exchanger of a modification, and FIG. 7(b) is similar to FIG. 3(b) showing the internal configuration of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. It is a sectional view.

The heat exchanger 1 shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) differs from the heat exchanger 1 shown in the previous embodiment in the configuration of the heat transfer vessel 3. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), the heat transfer vessel 3 of this modification has a single spiral from the inner peripheral surface 211a side of the cylindrical portion 211 toward the center side of the cylindrical portion 211. molded into shape. This modification also has the same effect as the previous embodiment. However, according to the study results of the present inventors, it has been found that the heat transfer efficiency is higher when the heat transfer vessel 3 has a spiral shape with a plurality of threads. is preferred.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified in various ways within the scope of the claims. For example, in the heat exchanger 1 of this embodiment, the heat transfer vessel 3 is attached to the lid 22 , but the heat transfer vessel 3 may be attached to the shell body 21 . Moreover, in the present embodiment, the center of the cylinder of the cylindrical portion 211 and the center of the spiral shape of the heat transfer vessel 3 are aligned, but these centers may be shifted. Furthermore, although the distance L between the outer surfaces of the heat transfer vessel 3 is substantially constant from the inner peripheral surface 211a side to the vicinity of the cylinder center of the cylindrical portion 211, the distance L between the outer surfaces increases as the cylinder center is approached. may be configured to be shorter. With this configuration, the flow velocity of the heat source fluid is less likely to decrease, so the heat transfer efficiency can be further enhanced. Moreover, the shape of the cylindrical portion 211 may not be cylindrical, but may be an inverted conical shape in which the inner diameter slightly decreases toward the bottom. In this case, it is preferable that the heat transfer vessel 3 also has an inverted conical shape. The temperature of the heat source fluid becomes lower toward the lower part of the shell body 21, and the flow velocity decreases. Furthermore, the top plate 32 may be fixed to the container body 31 in a non-removable manner, or the container body 31 and the top plate 32 may be integrally formed. In addition, the top plate 32 of the heat transfer vessel 3 may be omitted, and the top opening of the heat transfer vessel 3 may be closed with the lid 22 . In this case, the portion of the top opening of the container body 31 that faces the lid center opening formed in the lid body 221 serves as the heat-receiving fluid inlet, and the portion that faces the lid end opening serves as the heat-receiving fluid outlet. Also, in this case, the upper baffle plate 41 may be fixed to the lid body 221 .

In addition, even if the constituent elements are included only in the description of each of the modified examples described above, the constituent elements may be applied to other modified examples.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 heat exchanger 2 shell 3 heat transfer vessel 211 cylindrical portion 211a inner peripheral surface 214a heat source fluid inlet F1 first flow path F2 second flow path

Claims (6)

a shell having a cylindrical portion with a cylindrical inner peripheral surface;
It is arranged in the cylindrical portion with a gap from the inner peripheral surface, has a first flow path through which the heat-receiving fluid passes, and has a spiral shape from the inner peripheral surface side toward the cylinder center side of the cylindrical portion. a heat transfer vessel formed in
A heat source fluid introduction port that opens in a tangential direction of the inner peripheral surface and introduces a heat source fluid into a second flow path defined by the outer surface of the heat transfer vessel and the inner peripheral surface is provided. Heat exchanger. 2. The heat source according to claim 1, wherein the heat source fluid inlet introduces the heat source fluid in a spiral direction of the heat transfer vessel from the inner peripheral surface toward the center of the cylinder. exchanger. The heat transfer vessel is provided with a heat-receiving fluid inlet through which the heat-receiving fluid flows on the center side of the cylinder, and a heat-receiving fluid outlet through which the heat-receiving fluid is discharged is provided on the inner peripheral surface side. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: 4. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat transfer vessel is arranged with a gap from the lower end of the shell. 5. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a drain discharge part provided in a lower portion of said shell for discharging drain generated from said heat source fluid. The shell includes a shell body having the cylindrical portion, and a lid that is detachably attached to the shell body and closes an upper portion of the shell body,
6. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat transfer vessel is attached to the lid.

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