JP2023017687A - Laminated structure manufacturing apparatus and laminated structure manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laminated structure manufacturing apparatus and a laminated structure manufacturing method in which control to accelerate cooling speed in an arbitrary lamination region becomes possible and desired metal structure is easily developed by the control of cooling speed.

SOLUTION: Provided is a laminated structure manufacturing apparatus that includes a laser oscillator, a metal powder Ms ejection port, a chamber, a modeling stage located in the chamber, a plurality of temperature measuring probes 5 for measuring the temperature of a metal layer or a laminated structure in the middle of manufacturing, and one or more temperature adjusting probes 6 for adjusting the temperature of a metal layer or a laminated structure in the middle of manufacturing.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a laminated structure manufacturing apparatus and a laminated structure manufacturing method.

There is an additive manufacturing technology called Additive Manufacturing. As an example of the additive manufacturing technology, a method for manufacturing a laminated structure is known, in which layers of resin, metal, or the like are modeled and the modeled layers are stacked to produce a three-dimensional model. For example, metal layers obtained by irradiating energy beams are successively laminated based on arbitrary CAD (Computer Aided Design) data to manufacture a laminated structure having an arbitrary shape as a three-dimensional structure. Additive manufacturing technology has been applied to the industrial equipment field including aircraft-related parts, the medical equipment field, and the like, and is attracting attention as a promising technology.

In recent years, it has been proposed to control not only the arbitrary shape of a three-dimensional structure but also the crystal structure of the three-dimensional structure. The crystalline texture of the three-dimensional structure is important in controlling mechanical properties. A crystal structure having a preferential crystal orientation can impart anisotropy such as Young's modulus, yield stress, and fatigue resistance to a laminated structure. In addition, anisotropic properties such as yield stress and hardness can be imparted by miniaturization of crystals.

As an example, it has been proposed to control the cooling rate of a laminated structure during manufacture in order to control the crystal structure. In the field of additive manufacturing technology, the following (1) to (4) have been proposed as laminated structure manufacturing apparatuses that control the cooling rate.
(1) A device that uses an induction coil as an external thermal control device to control the temperature and heating rate of the laminated structure during fabrication to obtain a laminated structure with a directional solidification or single crystal microstructure (e.g. , Patent Document 1).
(2) For preheating before laminating each layer of the laminated structure or reheating after laminating each layer, the irradiation source of the energy beam is controlled, and the temperature gradient of any layer region in the laminated structure is controlled. device (for example, Patent Document 2).
(3) Processing parameters based on the actual solidification speed of the melt pool formed by the energy beam (energy beam power level, speed of depositing powder in the melt pool, energy beam processing speed, introduction of residence time, substrate temperature, etc.) to control the solidification speed of the molten metal (for example, Patent Document 3). The actual solidification rate of the melt pool is determined based on measuring the temperature of the melt pool with a camera, quantifying a physical parameter in the transition region of the melt pool, and comparing the physical parameter with the processing rate of the energy beam.
(4) A temperature monitoring process for monitoring the temperature of the welding bead formed by the torch, and peening for hitting the welding bead by causing the striking tool to follow the torch at a first interval based on the temperature of the welding bead. A device that performs processing (for example, Patent Document 4). A cooling rate can be controlled by a striking tool having a cooling mechanism during the peening treatment for striking the welding bead.

However, the device (1) controls the cooling rate of the entire laminated structure. Therefore, the cooling rate cannot be adjusted at any point in the laminated structure.
The device (2) controls the amount of heat given to each layer by controlling the irradiation source of the energy beam. Therefore, if the target temperature of the layer region whose temperature gradient is to be controlled is low, the cooling capacity will be insufficient. In this case, it takes a relatively long time to reach the target temperature by cooling, and it is not possible to obtain a metal structure that does not develop unless the target temperature is reached in a shorter time.
The control of process parameters as in the apparatus of (3) cannot accelerate the cooling rate, and the limit is the cooling rate close to natural cooling. Therefore, it is not possible to control to obtain a metal structure that is developed only at a higher cooling rate.
When the powder bed fusion (PBF) method is adopted in the apparatus of (4), the powder layer of the metal other than the melted portion is disturbed by the impact of the impact due to the use of the impact tool, and the powder layer is formed before laser irradiation. And it interferes with the fabrication of laminated structures. Moreover, when a directed energy deposition (DED) method is employed, the impact of impact disturbs the supplied powder, hindering the formation of the metal layer and the shaping of the laminated structure.

On the other hand, in the field of metal welding, as shown in Patent Document 5, a method is known in which air is cooled by the Joule-Thomson effect and blown to the welded portion for cooling. However, when this method is applied to a PBF type metal 3D printer, the metal powder other than the melted portion scatters due to the spraying of the coolant, which hinders the formation of the powder layer and the modeling of the laminated structure before laser irradiation. In addition, when applied to a DED metal 3D printer, spraying the coolant disturbs the supplied powder, hindering the formation of the metal layer and the modeling of the laminated structure.

As described above, conventionally, it has been proposed to control the cooling rate of a laminated structure in the process of manufacturing. There is a problem that it is difficult to express tissue. In addition, there is also the problem that it is difficult to apply a cooling method for realizing a sufficient cooling rate in the field of metal welding to a metal 3D printer.

Japanese Patent No. 6216881 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-518873 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-523476 JP 2019-141854 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-3595

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for a laminated structure that enables control to accelerate the cooling rate in an arbitrary laminated region and facilitates the development of a desired metallographic structure by controlling the cooling rate.

The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] A directional energy deposition type manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by spraying metal powder onto a portion irradiated with an energy beam,
an irradiation source of energy rays;
a metal powder injection port;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature regulating probe utilizes the Joule-Thomson effect to regulate the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows.
[2] A directional energy deposition type manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by spraying metal powder onto a portion irradiated with an energy beam,
an irradiation source of energy rays;
a metal powder injection port;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature control probe uses a liquefied gas to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows.
[3] further having a reservoir for storing the metal powder before being irradiated with the energy beam;
The laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein at least one of the temperature adjustment probes is embedded in at least one of the inside of the reservoir and the supply path of the metal powder from the reservoir to the injection port. Structure manufacturing equipment.
[4] A wire arc lamination molding method manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by supplying a metal wire to a portion where an arc is generated,
a torch for generating an arc;
a metal wire feeding device;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature regulating probe utilizes the Joule-Thomson effect to regulate the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows.
[5] A wire arc lamination molding method manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by supplying a metal wire to a portion where an arc is generated,
a torch for generating an arc;
a metal wire feeding device;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature control probe uses a liquefied gas to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows.
[6] The laminated structure according to [4] or [5], wherein at least one of the temperature control probes is embedded in at least one of the inside of the supply device and the supply route of the metal wire from the supply device. manufacturing equipment.
[7] Manufacture of the laminated structure according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein at least one of the temperature control probes is telescopically installed so that its tip is placed in the chamber. Device.
[8] A method for manufacturing a laminated structure using the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of [1] to [7],
A method for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured is controlled by using the temperature measuring probe and the temperature adjusting probe.
Moreover, this invention has the following aspects.
[11] A manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by irradiating metal powder with an energy ray, comprising; an energy ray irradiation source; a chamber; and being vertically movable within the chamber. one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the partially fabricated laminate structure; and measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the partially fabricated laminate structure. one or more temperature adjustment probes for adjustment; at least one of the temperature measurement probes and at least one of the temperature adjustment probes are embedded inside a portion of the modeling stage that constitutes the powder bed; Manufacturing equipment for laminated structures.
[12] The modeling stage further has a reservoir for storing the metal powder before being irradiated with the energy beam; The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus of [11], in which one is embedded.
[13] The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to [11] or [12], wherein the temperature adjustment probe utilizes the Joule-Thomson effect to adjust the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured.
[14] The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of [11] to [13], wherein the temperature control probe uses liquefied gas to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured.
[15] The laminate structure of [13] or [14], in which an exhaust line through which gas exhausted from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which shield gas supplied into the chamber flows. Equipment for manufacturing things.
[16] The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of [11] to [15], wherein at least one of the temperature control probes is telescopically installed so that its tip is disposed in the chamber.
[17] A method of manufacturing a laminated structure using the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of [11] to [16]; A method for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured is controlled by using the temperature measuring probe and the temperature adjusting probe.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the control which accelerates|stimulates a cooling rate in arbitrary lamination|stacking area|regions is attained, and the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of the laminated structure which can easily develop a desired metal structure by controlling a cooling rate are provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of an example of the manufacturing apparatus of laminated structure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 ; It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating an example of a temperature control probe and a temperature measurement probe. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of an example of a temperature control probe. It is a schematic diagram which shows the outline of an example of a temperature control probe. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a storage section of the modeling stage of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 7; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of a temperature adjusting probe and a temperature measuring probe in a DED manufacturing apparatus; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of a temperature adjusting probe and a temperature measuring probe in a DED manufacturing apparatus; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature adjusting probe and the temperature measuring probe in the WAAM manufacturing apparatus; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature adjusting probe and the temperature measuring probe in the WAAM manufacturing apparatus;

In the present specification, "-" indicating a numerical range means that the numerical values before and after it are included as lower and upper limits.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings by giving an embodiment example. In the drawings used in the following description, in order to make the features easier to understand, the characteristic parts may be shown enlarged for convenience, and the dimensional ratios of each component may not necessarily be the same as the actual ones.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a manufacturing apparatus for a laminated structure according to one embodiment.
A laminated structure manufacturing apparatus 1A shown in FIG. , 6B and a control unit (not shown).

The irradiation unit 2 has a laser oscillator 14 (irradiation source of energy rays) and an optical system 15 . The optical system 15 reflects the laser from the laser oscillator 14 and irradiates the metal powder M on the modeling stage 4 while scanning the laser.
The optical system 15 is not particularly limited as long as it can control the reflection position of the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 14 to the metal powder according to previously input data. The optical system 15 can be composed of, for example, one or more reflectors.

Since both the laser oscillator 14 and the optical system 15 are electrically connected to a control unit (not shown), the irradiation unit 2 controls the direction of laser reflection by the optical system 15 according to instructions from the control unit (not shown). can. Then, the irradiation unit 2 controls the reflection direction of the laser by the optical system 15, and scans and irradiates the laser.

Metal powder is not particularly limited. Examples include powders of various metals such as carbon, boron, magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, hafnium, niobium, titanium, aluminum, and alloys thereof.
The particle size of the metal powder is also not particularly limited. For example, it can be about 10 to 200 μm.

The chamber 3 is a housing in which the laminated structure is formed. An upper side surface of the chamber 3 is connected to a shield gas supply pipe (not shown). A shield gas supply pipe introduces a shield gas into the chamber 3 .
The shield gas is a gas supplied around the metal powder in the chamber 3 during laser irradiation. As the shield gas, an inert gas is preferred, and argon gas is more preferred.

The modeling stage 4 is a place for repeating the formation of a metal layer of arbitrary shape and the lamination of the formed metal layers. A modeling stage 4 is provided in the chamber 3 . The modeling stage 4 has a reservoir 7 , a powder bed 8 , a recovery section 9 and a blade 10 . The blade 10 reciprocates along the horizontal direction in the figure.

The storage part 7 stores the metal powder M before being irradiated with energy rays (laser). The storage part 7 has a metal powder M for supplying to the powder bed 8 and a first lifting table 11 on which the metal powder M is placed. As the first platform 11 rises, the metal powder M is deposited above the upper surface of the modeling stage 4 . The deposited metal powder M is moved along the horizontal direction in the drawing by the blade 10 and supplied to the powder bed 8 . The surface of the metal powder M on the powder bed 8 is flattened by the blade 10 .

The powder bed 8 has a metal powder M, a second lift table 12 on which the metal powder M is placed, and a base plate (not shown) placed on the surface of the second lift table 12 . A base plate is a plate for mounting a laminated structure.
The blade 10, the first platform 11 and the second platform 12 are electrically connected to a control unit (not shown). Therefore, the blade 10 and the first lifting platform 11 can supply the metal powder in the storage section 7 to the powder bed 8 according to the instruction of the control section.

The second platform 12 is movable along the vertical direction in the figure. Therefore, the powder bed 8 of metal powder is vertically movable within the chamber 3 . When the second platform 12 descends by Δh in the vertical direction, a powder layer of the metal powder M having a thickness of Δh is formed on the powder bed 8 . The vertical descent distance Δh of this second platform 12 corresponds to the stack thickness Δh of the powder bed for each metal layer of the stack structure.
The second platform 12 is electrically connected to a control section (not shown). Therefore, the second lifting platform 12 can control the lamination thickness Δh of the powder bed according to instructions from the control unit.

The collection unit 9 has a third lift table 13 . The third lifting platform 13 is movable along the z-axis direction. In the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus 1</b>A, when the powder bed 8 is formed by the blade 10 , surplus metal powder can be recovered in the recovery section 9 . Also, when collecting the laminated structure after the completion of modeling, the metal powder remaining on the modeling stage 4 can be moved to the recovery section 9 by the blade 10 and recovered.

A plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B are for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 during manufacture. The plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B can measure the temperature of any metal layer or any region of the laminated structure 20 being manufactured by contacting the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 being manufactured with their tips.

A part of the temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B among the plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B is embedded inside the portion forming the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4 and is installed in the powder bed 8 so as to be extendable. Therefore, when the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the process of being manufactured is measured by the temperature measuring probe 5A, the formation of the powder layer, the formation of the metal layer, and the shaping of the laminated structure 20 before laser irradiation are hardly hindered. .
Among the plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B, the temperature measuring probe 5B is installed in the chamber 3 so as to be extendable. The temperature measuring probe 5B can measure the temperature of the atmospheric gas in the chamber 3. FIG.
Each temperature measuring probe is not particularly limited as long as it can measure the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 during manufacture.

A plurality of temperature adjustment probes 6A, 6B are for adjusting the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 during manufacture. The plurality of temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B can adjust the temperature of any metal layer or any region of the laminated structure 20 being manufactured by contacting the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 being manufactured with their tips. The temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B may adjust the temperature by heating the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the process of production, or cool the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the process of production to adjust the temperature. It may be something to do.

Of the plurality of temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B, some of the temperature adjustment probes 6A are embedded inside the portion forming the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4 and are installed in the powder bed 8 so as to be able to expand and contract. Therefore, when the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the process of being manufactured is adjusted by the temperature adjustment probe 6A, the formation of the powder layer before laser irradiation, the formation of the metal layer, and the shaping of the laminated structure 20 are hardly hindered. .
Among the plurality of temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B, the temperature adjustment probe 6B is installed in the chamber 3 so as to be extendable. The temperature adjustment probe 6B can adjust the temperature of the atmospheric gas in the chamber 3 by heating or cooling it.
Each temperature adjustment probe is not particularly limited as long as it can heat or cool the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 during manufacture.

The plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A, 5B and the plurality of temperature adjusting probes 6A, 6B are electrically connected to a control section (not shown). Therefore, by combining the operations of the plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A, 5B and the plurality of temperature adjusting probes 6A, 6B, the cooling rate of any metal layer or any region of the laminated structure 20 during manufacture can be controlled. In other words, a plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B and a plurality of temperature adjusting probes 6A and 6B were brought into contact with an arbitrary region of the metal layer after laser irradiation and the laminated structure 20 during manufacture, and the temperature was measured by the temperature measuring probes. Based on the temperature, the cooling rate of the metal layer or laminate structure 20 can be controlled by the temperature control probe.

The controller (not shown) may comprise, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a memory and a hard disk drive. The hard disk drive may contain CAD and CAM applications. In this case, the three-dimensional structural data of the laminated structure having a desired shape can be created in the control section. CAM is an abbreviation for Computer Aided Manufacturing.

A control unit (not shown) creates processing condition data based on the three-dimensional structure data. Processing condition data can be created for each metal layer. A control unit (not shown) can control the irradiation unit 2 (the laser oscillator 14 and the optical system 15) based on the processing condition data to adjust the laser output, scanning speed, scanning interval and irradiation position.

The operation of the manufacturing apparatus 1A when obtaining a laminate structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by irradiating energy rays will be described with reference to FIG.
Before laser irradiation, a shield gas is supplied into the chamber 3 from a shield gas supply pipe (not shown). The shield gas may also be supplied to the hollow portions below the first platform 11 , the second platform 12 , and the third platform 13 . This allows the shield gas to fill well.

In the manufacturing apparatus 1A, a laminated structure is manufactured by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by irradiating metal powder with energy rays. Formation of the powder bed, formation of the metal layer, and lamination of the metal layer are repeated an arbitrary number of times based on the CAD data of the laminated structure.
Hereinafter, as an example, a case of manufacturing a laminated structure having n metal layers by repeating the formation of a powder bed, the formation of a metal layer, and the lamination of metal layers n times will be described. where n is a natural number.

In the manufacturing apparatus 1A, the irradiation unit 2 irradiates the metal powder on the powder bed 8 with laser to sinter or melt and solidify the metal powder M at the irradiation position. Therefore, a metal layer of sintered metal powder or a metal layer of molten solidified metal powder can be formed on the powder bed 8 in an arbitrary shape.
The first layer formed by the first irradiated laser, ie, the bottom metal layer, contacts the base plate (not shown) on the surface of the second platform 12 . Next, metal layers are successively laminated on the upper side of the first metal layer.

In forming the k-th layer powder bed, the metal powder in the reservoir 7 is supplied to the surface of the k-1-th metal layer by the blade 10, and the powder bed having the lamination thickness Δh is formed on the k-1-th layer. It is formed on the upper side of the metal layer. Here, k is a natural number of 2 or more and n or less.
A laser beam is applied to the powder bed having a lamination thickness of Δh to form the k-th metal layer. In forming the k-th metal layer, the powder layer is sintered or melted and solidified by laser scanning.
As a result, the k-th metal layer is laminated on the k-1th metal layer.

By repeating the formation of the powder bed, the formation of the metal layer, and the lamination, a multi-layered structure can be manufactured by stacking a plurality of metal layers. When the formation and lamination of the n-th metal layer are completed, the laminated structure having the n-layer metal layer is recovered from the chamber 2 while being placed on the base plate.

Next, the operation of the manufacturing apparatus 1A when controlling the cooling rate of the laminated structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. In FIG. 2, illustration of the irradiation unit 20 is omitted for simplification of explanation.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plurality of temperature-measuring probes 5A and 5B are extended, and the tips of the respective probes are in contact with the laminated structure 20 during manufacture. Also, a plurality of temperature control probes 6A and 6B are extended, and the tips of the respective probes are in contact with the laminated structure 20 in the process of being manufactured.
As shown in FIG. 3, the temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B have a double pipe structure consisting of a pipe line 6a and a pipe line 6b. Gas is supplied to the inner pipe line 6a. The conduit 6a and the outer conduit 6b are in communication. The gas supplied into the inner pipe line 6a heats or cools the metal layer or the like at the tip of the probe, flows into the outer pipe line 6b, and is discharged outside the probe. Here, if this exhaust gas can be used as a shield gas, the exhaust gas may be supplied into the chamber 3 via a shield gas supply pipe (not shown).

The manufacturing apparatus 1A controls the temperature adjusting probe based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring probe according to the instruction of the control section. The temperature adjustment probe heats or cools the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the process of being manufactured according to the instructions of the control unit, and controls the cooling rate of an arbitrary region of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 in the middle of manufacture.
The temperature measuring probe 5A and the temperature adjusting probe 6A are embedded inside the portion forming the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4 . Therefore, when the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminated structure 20 during manufacture is controlled by the temperature measuring probe 5A and the temperature adjusting probe 6A, the formation of the powder layer before laser irradiation, the formation of the metal layer, and the formation of the laminated structure 20 Hard to interfere with molding.

(Effect)
The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus 1A described above includes one or more temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured, and the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured. and one or more temperature adjustment probes 6A, 6B for adjusting the Therefore, by combining the temperature measuring probes 5A, 5B and the temperature adjusting probes 6A, 6B, it is possible to control the cooling rate in any metal layer or in any region of the laminated structure being manufactured.
In addition, in the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus 1A, the temperature measuring probe 5A out of the plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and 5B is embedded inside the portion forming the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4. Of the temperature adjustment probes 6A and 6B, the temperature adjustment probe 6A is embedded inside the portion forming the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4. As shown in FIG. Therefore, if the cooling rate is controlled by the temperature measuring probe 5A and the temperature adjusting probe 6A, formation of the powder layer, the formation of the metal layer and the shaping of the laminated structure before laser irradiation will not be hindered.

Further, according to the method for manufacturing a laminated structure using the manufacturing apparatus 1A, by using the temperature measuring probe 5A and the temperature adjusting probe 6A embedded inside the portion constituting the powder bed 8 of the modeling stage 4, any region can control the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminate structure 20 during fabrication. Therefore, it is possible to control the cooling rate in an arbitrary lamination region without hindering the formation of the powder layer, the formation of the metal layer, and the shaping of the laminated structure, and it is easy to develop the desired metal structure by controlling the cooling rate. Become.

Next, an example of a temperature adjustment probe will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG.
From the viewpoint of realizing a sufficient cooling rate, the temperature adjustment probe is one that adjusts the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure in the process of production using the Joule-Thomson effect as shown in FIG. is preferably used to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication.
By using these temperature adjustment probes, the time required to reach the target temperature by cooling is relatively shortened, and control can be performed to obtain a metal structure that does not develop unless the target temperature is reached in a shorter time. Also, by accelerating the cooling rate, it is possible to control to obtain a metal structure that is developed only at a higher cooling rate.

The temperature adjustment probe 6 shown in FIG. 4 is connected to an argon supply 21 and a helium supply 22 . A nozzle (not shown) is provided in the temperature adjustment probe 6, and the temperature of the tip of the probe is controlled by heating or cooling using the Joule-Thomson effect.
For example, in order to perform a cooling process, the argon gas is made higher than the atmospheric pressure, the pressure of the high pressure argon gas is reduced to the atmospheric pressure by a nozzle (not shown), and the argon gas can be instantly cooled by the Joule-Thomson effect. In addition, when the heating treatment is performed, the supply of argon gas is stopped, the helium gas is set to a state of pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the high pressure helium gas is decompressed to the atmospheric pressure by a nozzle (not shown). Helium gas can be instantly heated by the Thomson effect.
As described above, according to the temperature adjustment probe 6 shown in FIG. 4, rapid heating processing and rapid cooling processing are possible by utilizing the temperature change of the gas due to the Joule-Thomson effect. However, as long as the Joule-Thomson effect can be used, the configuration is not particularly limited to that shown in FIG. Also, the gas for obtaining the Joule-Thomson effect is not particularly limited.

The temperature adjustment probe 6 shown in FIG. 5 is connected to a liquefied gas supply source 23 . According to the temperature control probe 6 shown in FIG. 5, rapid cooling processing is possible by cooling the probe itself using the low temperature characteristics of liquefied gas.
According to the temperature adjustment 6 using a gas as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the Joule-Thomson effect or the low-temperature characteristics of liquefied gas can be used, and power consumption can be reduced compared to cooling mechanisms that use electric power. There is also the advantage of being able to

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of another example of an apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure. In FIG. 6, illustration of the irradiation unit 20 is omitted for simplification of explanation.
The manufacturing apparatus 1B shown in FIG. 6 is manufactured in that a discharge line L1 through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe 6 flows is connected to a shield gas supply line L2 through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber 3 flows. Differs from device 1A.
According to the manufacturing apparatus 1B shown in FIG. 6, in addition to the purpose of controlling the cooling rate of the laminated structure, the temperature of the gas introduced into the chamber 3 is adjusted by supplying the gas to the temperature adjustment probe, and the atmosphere in the chamber 3 is adjusted. Gas G can be heated or cooled. Therefore, the cooling rate of the laminated structure can be controlled via the atmospheric gas G in the chamber 3 . In this case, the chamber 3 is connected to an exhaust line L3 for discharging the shielding gas to the outside of the chamber 3 .
In addition, according to the manufacturing apparatus 1B shown in FIG. 6, the gas supplied from the line L4 into the temperature adjustment probe 6 can be returned to the chamber 3 after passing through the temperature adjustment probe 6, and can be efficiently Gas available.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of another example of an apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure.
A manufacturing apparatus 1C shown in FIG. 7 differs from the manufacturing apparatus 1A in that a plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and a plurality of temperature adjusting probes 6A are embedded inside a portion forming the storage section 7 of the modeling stage 4 .
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining the reservoir 7 of the modeling stage 4 of the manufacturing apparatus 1C of FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of temperature measuring probes 5A and a plurality of temperature adjusting probes 6A are embedded inside the portion forming the storage section 7 of the modeling stage 4 . The shape of each temperature measuring probe 5A and each temperature adjusting probe 6A is not limited at all, and can be changed according to the shape of the members (for example, the first lifting table 11) constituting the modeling stage 4 and the storage section 7 and the shape of the wall surface. is.

According to the manufacturing apparatus 1C, the temperature of the metal powder M' before laser irradiation in the storage section 7 can be adjusted by heating or cooling. By supplying the metal powder M' whose temperature has been adjusted in this way to the powder bed 8 with the blade 10, the temperature of any metal layer can be adjusted to control the cooling rate. Even in this case, when the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminated structure in the process of being manufactured is controlled by the temperature measuring probe 5A and the temperature adjusting probe 6A, the formation of the powder layer before laser irradiation, the formation of the metal layer, and the formation of the laminated structure Hard to interfere with molding.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of another example of an apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure. In FIG. 9, illustration of the irradiation unit 20 is omitted for simplification of explanation.
A manufacturing apparatus 1D shown in FIG. 9 includes a discharge line L1 through which gas discharged from a temperature adjustment probe 6A embedded in a reservoir 7 flows, and a shield gas supply line L2 through which shield gas supplied into the chamber 3 flows. It differs from the manufacturing apparatus 1C in that it is connected.

According to the manufacturing apparatus 1D, the temperature of the metal powder M' in the storage section 7 before laser irradiation can be adjusted by heating or cooling. By supplying the metal powder M' whose temperature has been adjusted in this manner to the powder bed 8 by the blade 10, the temperature of any metal layer can be adjusted to control the cooling rate.
Also, the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe 6A and the shielding gas supplied to the chamber 3 can be mixed. Therefore, the temperature of the gas introduced into the chamber 3 can be adjusted by supplying the gas to the temperature adjustment probe 6A, and the atmosphere gas in the chamber 3 can be heated or cooled.
Therefore, the cooling rate of the laminated structure can be controlled via the atmospheric gas in the chamber 3 .
Also in the manufacturing apparatus 1D, the gas supplied from the line L4 to the temperature adjustment probe 6A can be returned to the chamber 3 after passing through the probe, and the gas can be used efficiently.

Any of the PBF method, the DED method, and the WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) method can be employed in the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment. No matter which of these methods is adopted, in the present embodiment, at least one of the plurality of temperature measuring probes and at least one of the plurality of temperature adjusting probes are located in the powder bed of the modeling stage. Embedded inside. Therefore, the control of the cooling rate is less likely to hinder the formation of the powder layer, the formation of the metal layer, and the shaping of the laminated structure.

10 and 11 are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of the temperature adjusting probe and the temperature measuring probe in the DED manufacturing apparatus.
In the DED method, metal powder MS is sprayed onto a portion irradiated with laser L to form a metal layer. For example, after forming and laminating metal layers as shown in FIG. 10, the temperature measuring probe 5 and the temperature adjusting probe 6 are extended as shown in FIG. You may control the cooling rate of the arbitrary area|regions.
As an example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the temperature measuring probe 5 and the temperature adjusting probe 6 may be integrally attached to one device 30. FIG.

12 and 13 are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of the temperature adjusting probe and the temperature measuring probe in the WAAM manufacturing apparatus.
In the WAAM method, arc welding is performed by the torch 26 while the metal wire Mw is supplied by the metal wire feeder 25 . For example, as shown in FIG. 12, after forming and laminating metal layers, the temperature measuring probe 5 and the temperature adjusting probe 6 are extended as shown in FIG. The cooling rate of any of the 20 regions may be controlled.

In this embodiment, it is also possible to cool the metal before melting by the atmosphere gas in the chamber 3 as a method of cooling the metal.
In the case of the DED method, the metal powder to be supplied can be heated or cooled by providing a temperature control mechanism such as a temperature control probe in the stream-like path of the metal powder to be supplied or in the tank of the metal powder. For example, it is possible to cool the outermost metal layer of the laminated structure during manufacturing by spraying cooled metal powder onto the molten portion.
In the case of the WAAM method, the metal wire to be supplied can be heated or cooled by providing a temperature control mechanism such as a temperature control probe in the path of the metal wire to be supplied. For example, by using the metal wire after cooling, it is possible to cool the outermost metal layer of the laminated structure during manufacture.
By adjusting the temperature of the outermost metal layer of the laminated structure during manufacture in this manner, the cooling rate of any metal layer or any region of the laminated structure during manufacture can be controlled.

According to the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve a rapid cooling rate that could not be achieved with the conventional technology. Therefore, it is possible to perform control to obtain a metal structure that is developed only in a short time (instantaneous) cooling or at a high cooling rate.
For example, when a titanium alloy-based metal is used, anisotropic properties such as yield stress and hardness can be imparted by refining the crystal structure due to the rapid cooling effect. In addition, when a stainless metal is used, the cooling rate can be increased to promote the formation of precipitates in the crystal structure, and excellent corrosion resistance can be imparted. Moreover, the oxidation reaction of the metal material can also be suppressed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Laminated structure manufacturing apparatus, 2... Irradiation part, 3... Chamber, 4... Modeling stage, 5... Gas flow generation part, 6... Temperature adjustment probe, 7... Storage part, 8... Powder bed, 9... Collection part , 10... blade, 11... first lift table, 12... second lift table, 13... third lift table, 14... laser oscillator, 15... optical system, M... metal powder.

Claims (8)

A directed energy deposition type manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by spraying metal powder onto a portion irradiated with an energy beam,
an irradiation source of energy rays;
a metal powder injection port;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature regulating probe utilizes the Joule-Thomson effect to regulate the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows. A directed energy deposition type manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by spraying metal powder onto a portion irradiated with an energy beam,
an irradiation source of energy rays;
a metal powder injection port;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature control probe uses a liquefied gas to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows. further having a reservoir for storing the metal powder before being irradiated with the energy beam;
3. The laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said temperature control probes is embedded in at least one of the inside of said reservoir and a supply path of metal powder from said reservoir to said injection port. manufacturing equipment. A wire arc lamination molding method manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by supplying a metal wire to a portion where an arc is generated,
a torch for generating an arc;
a metal wire feeding device;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature regulating probe utilizes the Joule-Thomson effect to regulate the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows. A wire arc lamination molding method manufacturing apparatus for obtaining a laminated structure by stacking a plurality of metal layers formed by supplying a metal wire to a portion where an arc is generated,
a torch for generating an arc;
a metal wire feeding device;
a chamber;
a modeling stage located within the chamber;
one or more temperature probes for measuring the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
one or more temperature regulating probes for regulating the temperature of the metal layer or the laminated structure during fabrication;
with
the temperature control probe uses a liquefied gas to cool the metal layer or the laminated structure being fabricated;
An apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein a discharge line through which the gas discharged from the temperature adjustment probe flows is connected to a shield gas supply line through which the shield gas supplied into the chamber flows. 6. The apparatus for manufacturing a laminated structure according to claim 4, wherein at least one of said temperature control probes is embedded in at least one of the inside of said supply device and the supply path of the metal wire from said supply device. The laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of said temperature control probes is telescopically installed so that its tip is disposed within said chamber. A method for manufacturing a laminated structure using the laminated structure manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A method for manufacturing a laminated structure, wherein the cooling rate of the metal layer or the laminated structure being manufactured is controlled by using the temperature measuring probe and the temperature adjusting probe.

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