JP2023011935A - アジュバント免疫療法剤として使用するためのゴナドトロピン放出ホルモン - Google Patents
アジュバント免疫療法剤として使用するためのゴナドトロピン放出ホルモン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023011935A JP2023011935A JP2022181072A JP2022181072A JP2023011935A JP 2023011935 A JP2023011935 A JP 2023011935A JP 2022181072 A JP2022181072 A JP 2022181072A JP 2022181072 A JP2022181072 A JP 2022181072A JP 2023011935 A JP2023011935 A JP 2023011935A
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Abstract
Description
この文脈において、GnRH I又はGnRH I類似体は、その内分泌作用に加えて、クロスシグナルを伝達し、超生理学的去勢レベルのGnRH又はGnRH I類似体が使用される場合、T細胞上のGnRH II受容体に結合することにより免疫系を刺激する可能性が非常に高い。任意の内分泌の副作用を軽減又は排除するために、GnRH I又はGnRH I類似体を1つ以上の天然、半合成、又は合成性ホルモンとともに投与し得る。
i)ヒト又は動物対象に治療有効量のGnRH類似体又は任意のその薬学的に許容される塩を投与すること、及び
ii)任意選択で、GnRH類似体によって引き起こされる任意の負の内分泌作用を補うのに十分な量で、1つ以上の天然、半合成、又は合成性ホルモンを投与すること
を含む、方法に関する。
i)特定のウイルスの存在について対象からの生体試料を試験すること、
ii)ウイルスが存在する、又は存在した場合、本明細書に記載されているもののうちの1つなどの好適な投与計画に従ってGnRH類似体で対象を治療すること、
iii)任意選択で、内分泌副作用のリスクを最小限に抑えるために、対象を1つ以上の性ホルモンで共治療すること、
iv)任意選択で、CD4及び/もしくはCD8細胞のレベル、ウイルス量、ならびに/又は任意の疾患の進行の兆候を決定するために対象をフォローアップ検査に供すること
を含み得る。
冠詞「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、本明細書では、冠詞の文法的対象の1つ又は2つ以上(すなわち、少なくとも1つ)を指すために使用される。例として、「類似体」は、1つの類似体又は複数の類似体を意味する。
GnRH I対GnRH IIアッセイ
トランスフェクションによりGnRH I受容体又はGnRH II受容体のいずれかを発現するように作製された細胞で化合物を試験する。細胞を標識GnRH化合物に曝露し、洗浄した後、細胞上の標識を測定することによって評価する。標識は、直接測定するか(放射性同位体標識又は蛍光標識)、間接的に測定する(ビオチン標識ペプチド)。
例1:非盲検フェーズII臨床試験
南アフリカのプレトリア大学の臨床研究ユニットで、非盲検、非管理、単一施設のフェーズIIa臨床試験を行った。調査概要を図3に示す。対象は、HIV 1感染抗レトロウイルス療法(ART)ナイーブ男性患者(n=26)であった。包含基準は、HIV抗体検査、男性の性別、年齢18~50歳、CD4+T細胞数>350細胞/μl全血、及びHLA-A*0205、HLA-A*3002、又はHLA-B*1503ハプロタイプ陽性によって記録された無症候性の検証済みHIV-1感染であった。患者は、1.2mg/日(4x300μg、各鼻孔に毎回150μgずつ投与)の酢酸ブセレリン点鼻液(Suprefract(登録商標)、Sanofi-Aventis)を28日間受けた。任意の内分泌副作用を補うために、患者は、治療期間の7日目に150mgのテストステロンシピオナート(Depo(登録商標)-テストステロン、Pfizer)の単一の筋肉内注射をさらに受けた。主な調査目的は、28日間の酢酸ブセレリンの鼻腔内投与の安全性及び忍容性を評価することであり、副次的な調査目的は、T細胞集団、HIVウイルス量、ならびにFSH、LH、及びテストステロンの血清濃度に対する効果を評価することであった。
HIV/AIDSに罹患している患者におけるGnRH治療の長期的な効果を調べるために、特に疾患の進行のリスクを最小限に抑える手段を開発する意図で、フォローアップ調査及び中間解析を非盲検フェーズII臨床試験36~48ヶ月後に行った。この調査の目的は、過去及び現在の臨床的、免疫学的、及びウイルス学的状態の評価に基づいて、フェーズIIa臨床試験(例1)の完了から期間中のHIV感染の進行を評価することであった。
フォローアップ調査に含まれる13人の患者の調査結果の要約を以下に示す:
・初期GnRH治療後のART治療開始の病歴:13人の患者のうち7人(54%)が再評価時までにART治療を開始した(フェーズIIa試験の36~48ヶ月後-例1)。
・初期GnRH治療の36~48ヶ月後の免疫学的状態:免疫学的状態を評価するために、訪問6(=例1の治療終了)及び訪問7(=例1のフォローアップ終了)での初期臨床試験の最後のCD4+T細胞数の結果をそれぞれ、初期試験(例1)の完了以降に行われた任意の追跡可能な(通常の)CD4結果、及びフォローアップ調査(例2)の一部として行われたCD4試験を評価した。初期試験(例1)の完了後の免疫学的変化を評価するために、初期試験の最後の結果及び最後のARTナイーブCD4の結果を評価した。11人の患者(85%)がこのような分析に適格であり、この分析から免除されなければならなかった2人の患者は、ARTを開始したが、フェーズIIa試験(例1)の完了後、及びART開始前にCD4分析が行われなかったか、追跡できなかった。
「免疫学的進行」は、フォローアップ検査(例2)で、ベースライン(それぞれ訪問6又は訪問7、例1)から500細胞/mm3未満及び50細胞/mm3以上の低下の任意のCD4結果として定義した。
参照として訪問6を使用すると、11人の患者のうち5人(45%)が少なくとも36ヶ月の観察期間中に「免疫学的に進行」しなかった。訪問7を参照すると、11人の患者のうち6人(55%)が同じ観察期間中に「免疫学的に進行」しなかった(図7)。
・ウイルス学的状態:ウイルス学的状態を評価するために、初期臨床試験の最後のウイルス量の結果(訪問6=治療終了、訪問7=フォローアップ終了、例1)、初期フェーズIIa試験(例1)の完了以降に行った任意の追跡可能な(通常の)ウイルス量の結果及びフォローアップ臨床試験(例2)の一部として行ったウイルス量試験を評価した。ウイルス学的変化を評価するために、フェーズIIa試験(例1)が完了してから、初期試験(例1)の最後のウイルス量の結果及び最後のARTナイーブウイルス量の結果を評価した。6人の患者(46%)がそのような分析に適格であり、分析に含めることができなかった7人の患者は、すべてARTを開始し、初期臨床試験(例1)の完了後、又はART治療の開始前にウイルス量試験もしくは結果を行わなかったか、追跡できなかった。
「ウイルス学的進行」は、ベースライン(それぞれ訪問6又は訪問7、例1)及び最後のARTナイーブウイルス量からの0.33ログ以上のウイルス量の増加として定義した。この分析に適格であった6人の患者のうち、2人の患者(33%)は、少なくとも37ヶ月の期間にわたってベースラインとして選択された訪問に関係なく、ウイルス学的に進行しなかった(図8)。
・組み合わせた免疫学的及びウイルス学的進行:ウイルス学的変化が決定した6人の患者のウイルス学的結果とその免疫学的結果とを組み合わせると、3人(50%)が免疫学的及びウイルス学的に進行し、1人(17%)が免疫学的に進行したがウイルス学的に進行せず、1人(17%)がウイルス学的に進行したが免疫学的には進行せず、1人(17%)がウイルス学的にも免疫学的にも進行しなかったことが明らかとなった。これらの調査結果を表3にまとめる。
結論として、GnRH類似体による4週間の治療後36~48ヶ月の期間にわたって、初期臨床試験(例1)でGnRH類似体による治療後に再評価された患者の約半数は、免疫学的に進行せず、約3分の1は、ウイルス学的に進行しなかった。合わせて、免疫学的にもウイルス学的にも進行しなかった患者が1人(17%)いた。
ウイルス性疾患の進行のリスクを最小限に抑える際に使用するためのGnRH類似体。
i)超生理学的量のGnRH又はGnRH類似体を含む第1の組成物、
ii)任意選択で、1つ以上の天然由来、半合成、又は合成性ホルモンを含む第2の組成物、及び
iii)使用説明書
を単一のパッケージに含む、医薬キット。
Claims (20)
- アジュバント免疫療法剤として使用するためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- ウイルス性疾患の進行を予防するための、請求項1に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- ウイルス性疾患の進行を3年以上の間予防するための、請求項1又は2に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- ウイルス性疾患を治癒するための、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- ウイルス性疾患がHIVである、請求項2~4に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- GnRH類似体が、GnRH I、GnRH I類似体、GnRH II、GnRH II類似体、又は任意のそれらの薬学的に許容される塩から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- GnRH類似体が、デスロレリン、アボレリン、リュープロレリン、トリプトレリン、ブセレリン、フェルチレリン、ルトレリン、ゴセレリン、ヒストレリン、及びナファレリンから選択される、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- GnRH類似体がGnRH II又はGnRH II類似体である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- 1つ以上の天然、半合成、もしくは合成性ホルモン、又はそれらの薬学的に許容される塩と組み合わせた、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- 性ホルモンがアンドロゲン又は対応する生理学的効果を示す薬剤である、請求項9に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- 性ホルモンが、テストステロン、ジヒドロテストステロン、アンドロステロン、デヒドロエピアンドロステロン、デヒドロエピアンドロステロン、アンドロステンジオン、メチルテストステロン、及びスタノゾロールから選択される、請求項9又は10に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- 性ホルモンがエストロゲン又は対応する生理学的効果を示す薬剤である、請求項9に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- 性ホルモンが、エストロゲン、エストラジオール、エストリオール、エストロン、エチニルエストラジアル、メストラノール、ジネストロール、ジエチルスチルベストロール、及び共役エストロゲンから選択される、請求項9又は12に記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- さらにゲスターゲン又は対応する生理学的効果を示す薬剤と組み合わせた、請求項9、12又は13のいずれかに記載の使用のためのGnRH又はその類似体。
- アジュバント免疫療法剤として使用するための、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載のGnRHもしくはその類似体、又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、組成物。
- キットであって、
i)GnRHもしくはGnRH類似体又はそれらの薬学的に許容される塩から選択されるアジュバント免疫療法剤を含む第1の成分、
ii)任意選択で、1つ以上の天然由来、半合成、又は合成性ホルモンを含む第2の成分、
iii)任意選択で、ゲスターゲンを含む第3の組成物、及び
iv)使用説明書
を含む、キット。 - 対象において免疫応答を得るための方法であって、GnRH及びGnRH類似体から選択されるアジュバント免疫療法剤、又はその薬学的に許容される塩の有効量を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 対象がウイルス性疾患に罹患している、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ウイルス性疾患がHIVである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- ウイルス性疾患に罹患している対象を治癒するための方法であって、GnRH及びGnRH類似体から選択されるアジュバント免疫療法剤、又はその薬学的に許容される塩を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
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