JP2022544379A - 精神障害および脳障害の処置方法 - Google Patents
精神障害および脳障害の処置方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国衛生研究所によって与えられた、認可番号MH086828下での、政府支援によってなされたものである。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有している。
本国際出願は、2019年8月13日に出願された米国仮出願第62/886,090の35号米国特許法第119条に基づく優先権の利益を主張するものであり、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、精神科疾患の分野に関する。より具体的に、本発明は、脳内セロトニン作動系を操作することによる、精神障害および脳障害の処置方法に関する。
何千年もの間、サイケデリックな物質は、ヒトによって精神的および医学的な目的で使用されている(1)。臨床研究は、近年、強迫性障害、心的外傷後ストレス障害、治療抵抗性うつ病(TRD)を含む、多くの精神神経疾患に対する治療薬として、サイケデリックな物質は使用され得ることを裏付ける証拠を提供し始めている(2)。
方法
処置はすべて、Maryland Baltimore University Animal Use and Care Committeeによって承認され、National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animalsに完全に応じて行った。
オスのC57Bl/6Jマウスの2つのコホートを本研究に順次使用し、屋内で繁殖させた。実験開始時は8週齢で、12時間の明暗サイクル(午前7時から点灯)で飼育し、餌と水を適宜に提供した。動物は、実験の前に群で収容したが、行動およびストレスプロトコルの開始時から研究の終了時まで単体で収容した。マウスは、ストレスの後に評価された快楽の行動によって、バランスのとれた実験群および対照群に割り当てられた。
慢性マルチモーダルストレスは、動物に快感消失様な表現型を引き起こすために用いられた(10)。慢性マルチモーダルストレスプロトコルは、10~14日連続して行う4時間/日の拘束ストレスからなり、マウスを適切な大きさのプラスチック製拘束筒に固定し、習慣性を最小限するために、ストロボ照明およびホワイトノイズにさした。ストレスは、動物の光周期の始まりに近い、午前9時から10時の間に開始された。ストレスの後、齧歯類はホームケージに戻され、単体で収容された。
快楽の状態は、ストレス前(ベースライン)、10~14日の慢性マルチモーダルストレス後、および薬物注射後の24時間後のスクロース嗜好試験(SPT)およびメスの尿の匂いかぎ試験(Female Urine Sniffing Test、FUST)を用いて評価された(図1A)。スクロース嗜好試験では、マウスを、ベースライン測定前に、ホームケージで2%のスクロース溶液にさらした。ベースライン測定は、1日後に始まった。各試験日に、水道水を包含するボトル1本、および1%のスクロース溶液を包含する別のボトルを、動物の暗サイクルの開始の1~2時間前にケージに設置した。マウスは、自由に14~16時間、どちらのボトルから液体を摂取し、その後、消費量を測定するために、ボトル重量を測定し、交換した。その処置は、ボトルの位置を逆にして、2晩目に繰り返された。嗜好性は、パーセンテージとして表現され、(1%スクロース溶液摂取量/液体総摂取の量)*100で各晩計算し、2つの晩の嗜好性平均化した。
シロシビンまたはビヒクルを注射した後、動物はホームケージに戻された。頭上にビデオカメラを設置し、90分間、動物を記録した。その後、Any-maze (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL) で動画を解析し、記録期間中の移動距離および移動を30分単位で定量化した。シロシビンまたはビヒクル注射後の60~90分のデータは、それらの群の0~30分のベースライン測定に修正化された。
標準分析法を用いて、400μMの厚さの海馬スライスを作った。一時的に、マウスをイソフルランにさらして安楽死させ、その後、断頭した。脳は切除され、海馬は脳から素早く解剖され、95%O2/5%CO2でバブリングした氷冷した人工脳脊髄液(ACSF)中でLeica VT1200シリーズビブラトームで切片を作った。人工脳脊髄液は次のものを包含していた:124mMのNaCl、3mMのKCl、1.25mMのNaH2PO4、1.5mMのMgSO4、2.5mMのCaCl2、26mMのNaHCO3および10mMのグルコース。スライスは、記録前に加湿させたインターフェースチャンバの人工脳脊髄液中、室温で最低60分回復させた。
シロシビンは、Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI)から得られ、無菌の0.9%の食塩水に1mg/mlまで希釈された。ケタンセリン(+)-酒石酸塩(Ketanserin(+)-tartrate salt)は、MilliporeSigma(Burlington、MA)から購入され、そしてまた1mg/mlに希釈された。ケタンセリンは、ビヒクル対照またはシロシビン注射の60分前に投与され、ケタンセリンがヒト(7)および齧歯類(11)の幻覚行動反応をブロックする能力という先行研究と一致する。シロシビン注射は1mg/kg、およびケタンセリンは2mg/kgで、先行の齧歯類研究(11、18、19)と同様に投与され、または同量の食塩水で行われた。これらの用量は、以前にヒトの研究で使用された経口用量(シロシビン(3)約0.5mg/kg;ケタンセリン(11)約1mg/kg)に匹敵する。各実験動物は、注射またはハンドリングの任意の影響をコントロールするため、2回の注射を受けた。
統計分析は、スチューデントt検定手、GraphPadプリズム8を用いた二元および三元配置分散分析で行い、目的の比較のHolm-Sidak多重比較補正は、エクセル(Microsoft)を用いて手動で行った。2つのコホートの動物から得られた結果は統計的に差がなかったため、プールした。使用した統計検定を、図の凡例で示した。示されている場合には、nは動物の数を示す。
結果
8週齢のオスのC57Bl/6Jマウスを、慢性マルチモーダルストレスパラダイムにさらして、異なる感覚を含む2つの食欲の選択タスクで快楽状態を分析し、その例としては1%のスクロース溶液および水の摂取を比較する2ボトルスクロース嗜好テスト、およびオスマウスと発情期のメスマウスの尿に浸した綿棒との相互作用を比較するメスの尿の匂いかぎ試験(図1A)が挙げられる。
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Claims (24)
- 精神障害を予防または処置する方法であって、前記方法は、セロトニン受容体2Aアンタゴニストと組み合わせてセロトニンアゴニストを投与する工程を含み、前記セロトニンアゴニストは前記セロトニン受容体2Aアンタゴニストと別々に、順次に、または同時に投与される、方法。
- 前記セロトニンアゴニストは、シロシビン、シロシン、バオシスチン、ノルバオシスチン、リスルギド、LSD、ジメチルトリプタミン、カルボキサミドトリプタミン、イボガイン、3,4-メチレンジオキシメタンフェタミン(MDMA)またはセロトニン放出を促進する化合物、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1の記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニンアゴニストは、シロシビン、シロシン、またはそれらの誘導体である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- シロシビンおよびシロシンの前記誘導体は、[3-(2-ジメチルアミノエチル)-1H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシ-N,N-ジメチルトリプタミン、[3-(2-メチルアミノエチル)-1H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシ-N-メチルトリプタミン、[3-(アミノエチル)-1H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシトリプタミン、[3-(2-トリメチルアミノエチル)-1H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、または4-ヒドロキシ-N,N,N-トリメチルトリプタミンである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- シロシビンまたはシロシンは、キノコおよび/またはトリュフ(菌核)の抽出物の形態で存在する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記キノコまたはトリュフは、シビレタケ属、ギムノピルス属、ヒカゲタケ属、アイゾメヒカゲタケ属、ヒフォロマ属、プルテウス属、アセタケ属、コノサイブ属、パナエオリナ属、ゲロネマ属、アグロサイブ属、ケコガサタケ属、および/またはマイセナ属のものである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記キノコまたはトリュフは、P. azurescens、P. semilanceata、P. cyanescens、P. cubensis、P. subcubensis、P. tampanensis、P. mexicana、P. atlantis、および/またはP. semilanceataである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン遊離を促進する化合物は、3,4-メチレンジオキシメタンフェタミン、またはその代謝物である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記代謝物は、3,4-メチレンジオキシアンフェタミン(MDA)、4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシメタンフェタミン(HMMA)、4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシアンフェタミン(HMA)、3,4-ジヒドロキシアンフェタミン(DHA)、3,4-メチレンジオキシフェニルアセトン(MDP2P)、または3,4-メチレンジオキシ-N-ヒドロキシアンフェタミン(MDOH)である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体2Aアンタゴニストは、MDL-11,939、ケタンセリン、リタンセリン、アルタンセリン、アセプロマジン、ミアンセリン、ケチアピン、SB204741、SB206553、SB242084、LY272015、SB243213、ブロナセリン、SB200646、RS102221、ネファゾドン、またはMDL-100,907である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記精神障害は、うつ病、精神病性障害、統合失調症、統合失調症様障害(急性統合失調症エピソード)、統合失調感情障害、双極I型障害(躁病、躁状態、躁うつ病)、双極II型障害、精神異常を伴う大うつ病性障害(精神病性うつ病)、妄想性障害(パラノイア)、共有精神病性障害(共有パラノイア障害)、短期精神病性障害(その他、および特定されていない反応性精神病)、他に特定されていない精神病性障害(特定不能の精神病性障害)、妄想性人格障害、統合失調症性人格障害、分裂病型人格障害、不安障害、パニック障害、パニック発作、広場恐怖症、注意欠陥症候群、月経前不快気分障害、月経前症候群、ADHD、ADD、神経性食欲不振症、反社会性人格障害、自閉症、依存症、回避性人格障害、双極性障害、神経性過食症、境界性人格障害、緊張型統合失調症、慢性運動障害または声帯チック障害、転換性障害、サイクロサイミア、依存性人格障害、デリエ、認知症、脱人格性障害、うつ病、Dhat症候群、解離性健忘、解離性遁走、解離性同一性障害、解離性障害、他に特定されていない解離性障害、ジストハイミック障害、ダ・コスタ症候群、外来性障害、露出症、全般性不安障害、誇大妄想、心気症、蓄財障害、間欠性爆発性障害、嫉妬、クレプトマニア、クルーバー=ビュシー症候群、母性精神病、精神遅滞、モノマニア、ミュンヒハウゼン症候群、ミソフォニー、自己愛性人格障害、強迫性障害、オニオマニア、器質性人格障害、恐怖症、妄想性人格障害、偏執性妄想、受動的攻撃性人格、病的賭博、病的嘘、他に特定されない人格障害、広汎性発達障害、ピカ、疼痛障害、脳症後症候群、産後うつ、心的外傷後ストレス障害、精神病、物質使用による精神病性障害、火病、クエルラント妄想、反芻性障害、統合失調症、統合失調感情障害、統合失調症性パーソナリティ障害、統合失調型人格障害、分離不安症、社会恐怖症、身体化障害、身体性妄想、身体表現性障害、カプグラ症候群、コタール症候群、ガンザー症候群、ジル・ド・ラ・トゥレット症候群、選択性緘黙症、演劇性人格障害、トリコチロマニア、または未分化身体表現性障害である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 精神障害を予防または処置する方法であって、前記方法は、セロトニン受容体2Aアンタゴニストと組み合わせてセロトニン受容体のアゴニストを投与する工程を含み、前記アゴニストは前記アンタゴニストと別々に、順次に、または同時に投与される、方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体のアゴニストは、セロトニン受容体1B、セロトニン受容体4、セロトニン受容体6、またはセロトニン受容体7のアゴニストである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体1Bのアゴニストは、エルゴタミン、オキシメタゾリン、スマトリプタン、ゾルミトリプタン、5-カルボキサミドトリプタミン、CGS-12066A、CP-93,129、CP-94,253、CP-122,288、CP135,807、RU24969、ボルチオセチン、シロシビン、プシロシン、ベオシスチン、ノルベオシスチン、リスルジド、LSD、ジメチルトリプタミンまたはカルボキサミドトリプタミン、またはそれらの組み合せである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体4のアゴニストは、BIMU-8、シサプリド、CJ-033、ML-10302、モサプリド、プルカロプリド、レンザプリド、RS-67506、RS-67333、SL65.0155、テガセロッド、ザコプリド、メトロクロプラミド、サルピリド、シロシビン、シロシン、バオシスチン、ノルバオシスチン、ルスルギド、LSD、ジメチルトリプタミンまたはカルボキサミドトリプタミンまたはそれらの組み合せである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体6のアゴニストは、EMD 386088、E-6801、WAY 181187、またはWAY 208466である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体7のアゴニストは、5-カルボキサミドトリプタミン、5-メトキシトリプタミン、8-OH-DPAT、アリピプラゾール、AS-19,E-55888,E-57431、4-(2-ジフェニル)-N-(1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)-1-ピペラジンヘキサンアミド、4-[2-(メチルチオ)フェニル]-N-(1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレニル)-1-ピペラジンヘキサンアミド、LP- 211、MSD-5a、N-メチルセロトニン、N-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)-4-アリール-1-ピペラジンヘキサンアミド、N,N-ジメチルトリプタミン、AGH-107、AH-494、AGH-192、シロシビン、ピシロシン、ベオシスチン、ノルバレオシスティン、リサーガイド、LSD、ジメチルトリプタミン、またはカルボキサミドトリプタミン、あるいはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニンアゴニストは、シロシビンまたはピシロシンの誘導体である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記シロシビンまたはピシロシンの誘導体は、[3-(2-ジメチルアミノエチル)-1 H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシ-N,N-ジメチルトリプタミン、[3-(2-メチルアミノエチル)-1H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシ-N-メチルトリプタミン、[3-(アミノエチル)-1 H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、4-ヒドロキシトリプタミン、[3-(2-トリメチルアミノエチル)-1 H-インドール-4-イル]リン酸二水素塩、または4-ヒドロキシ-N,N,N-トリメチルトリプタミンである、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記シロシビンまたはピシロシンは、キノコまたはトリュフ(菌核)の抽出物の形態で存在する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記キノコまたはトリュフは、シビレタケ属、ギムノピルス属、ヒカゲタケ属、アイゾメヒカゲタケ属、ヒフォロマ属、プルテウス属、アセタケ属、コノサイブ属、パナエオリナ属、ゲロネマ属、アグロサイブ属、ケコガサタケ属、および/またはマイセナ属のものである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記キノコまたはトリュフは、P. azurescens、P. semilanceata、P. cyanescens、P. cubensis、P. subcubensis、P. tampanensis、P. mexicana、P. atlantis、および/またはP. semilanceataである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記セロトニン受容体2Aアンタゴニストは、MDL-11,939、ケタンセリン、リタンセリン、アルタンセリン、アセプロマジン、ミアンセリン、ケチアピン、SB204741、SB206553、SB242084、LY272015、SB243213、ブロナセリン、SB200646、RS102221、ネファゾドン、またはMDL-100,907である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記精神障害は、うつ病、精神病性障害、統合失調症、統合失調症様障害(急性統合失調症エピソード)、統合失調感情障害、双極I型障害(躁病、躁状態、躁うつ病)、双極II型障害、精神異常を伴う大うつ病性障害(精神病性うつ病)、妄想性障害(パラノイア)、共有精神病性障害(共有パラノイア障害)、短期精神病性障害(その他、および特定されていない反応性精神病)、他に特定されていない精神病性障害(特定不能の精神病性障害)、妄想性人格障害、統合失調症性人格障害、分裂病型人格障害、不安障害、パニック障害、パニック発作、広場恐怖症、注意欠陥症候群、月経前不快気分障害、月経前症候群、ADHD、ADD、神経性食欲不振症、反社会性人格障害、自閉症、依存症、回避性人格障害、双極性障害、神経性過食症、境界性人格障害、緊張型統合失調症、慢性運動障害または声帯チック障害、転換性障害、サイクロサイミア、依存性人格障害、デリエ、認知症、脱人格性障害、うつ病、Dhat症候群、解離性健忘、解離性遁走、解離性同一性障害、解離性障害、他に特定されていない解離性障害、ジストハイミック障害、ダ・コスタ症候群、外来性障害、露出症、全般性不安障害、誇大妄想、心気症、蓄財障害、間欠性爆発性障害、嫉妬、クレプトマニア、クルーバー=ビュシー症候群、母性精神病、精神遅滞、モノマニア、ミュンヒハウゼン症候群、ミソフォニー、自己愛性人格障害、強迫性障害、オニオマニア、器質性人格障害、恐怖症、妄想性人格障害、偏執性妄想、受動的攻撃性人格、病的賭博、病的嘘、他に特定されない人格障害、広汎性発達障害、ピカ、疼痛障害、脳症後症候群、産後うつ、心的外傷後ストレス障害、精神病、物質使用による精神病性障害、火病、クエルラント妄想、反芻性障害、統合失調症、統合失調感情障害、統合失調症性パーソナリティ障害、統合失調型人格障害、分離不安症、社会恐怖症、身体化障害、身体性妄想、身体表現性障害、カプグラ症候群、コタール症候群、ガンザー症候群、ジル・ド・ラ・トゥレット症候群、選択性緘黙症、演劇性人格障害、トリコチロマニア、または未分化身体表現性障害である、請求項12に記載の方法。
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