JP2022544091A - 冷凍及び/又は液化方法、装置、及びシステム - Google Patents
冷凍及び/又は液化方法、装置、及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022544091A JP2022544091A JP2022506881A JP2022506881A JP2022544091A JP 2022544091 A JP2022544091 A JP 2022544091A JP 2022506881 A JP2022506881 A JP 2022506881A JP 2022506881 A JP2022506881 A JP 2022506881A JP 2022544091 A JP2022544091 A JP 2022544091A
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- motor
- heat exchanger
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- working fluid
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000409898 Empodisma minus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
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Abstract
Description
- クリーニングステップ中、冷凍装置は冷却を行わないか、又は冷却熱交換器の加熱を行い、
- クリーニングステップ中、使用者向け流体の流れは冷却熱交換器内で循環され、それによって加熱され、
- 圧縮機構は1つ又は複数のコンプレッサと、コンプレッサを回転させるための少なくとも1つの駆動モータと、を含み、冷凍装置の冷凍能力は可変であり、駆動モータの回転速度を調整することによって制御され、第二の動作モードにおいて、駆動モータのうちの少なくとも1つの回転速度は前記モータの最大又は公称回転速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%であり、
- 圧縮機構は複数のロータリコンプレッサと、各々が回転駆動シャフトを含む少なくとも2つの駆動モータと、を含み、コンプレッサはそれぞれの回転シャフトによって回転駆動され、作動流体を膨張させるための機構は、少なくとも1つのコンプレッサの駆動モータのうちの1つのシャフトと連動して回転する少なとも1つの回転タービンを含み、
- 冷凍装置の第二の動作モードにおいて、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービンを含む少なくとも1つのモータが停止され、コンプレッサの少なくとも1つの他の駆動モータは前記モータの最大又は公称速度の1~60%、好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作し、
- 少なくとも1つの停止されたモータが制動され、すなわち、対応するシャフト及び/又はコンプレッサ及び/又はタービンの回転が制動又は阻止され、
- 冷凍装置の第一の動作モードにおいて、駆動モータの回転シャフトはそれぞれの第一の回転方向に回転し、作動流体は作動回路内で第一の循環方向に循環し、冷凍装置の第二の動作モードにおいて、少なくとも1つのモータ、特にそのシャフトにタービンが連結されているモータは反対方向に回転され、すなわち、その回転シャフトが第一の回転方向と反対の回転方向に回転し、
- そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービンを含むモータによって駆動される少なくとも1つのコンプレッサは遠心型であり、冷凍装置の第二の動作モードにおいて、作動流体は作動回路内で第一の循環方向に循環し、
- 冷凍装置の第二の動作モードにおいて、反対方向に回転されているモータとは別の少なくとも1つの駆動モータは停止されるか、前記モータの最大又は公称速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作し、
- 使用者向け流体の流れは、使用者向け流体のタンクから送出されることによって冷却熱交換器内で循環され、冷却熱交換器(8)と熱交換した使用者向け流体はタンクに戻され、
- 方法は、クリーニングステップと同時に、及び/又はその後、冷却熱交換器内に注入されるパージ流体の流れにより冷却熱交換器をパージして、クリーニングステップ中に脱落した不純物を冷却熱交換器から掃除し、排出するステップを含み、
- パージステップは、放出ゾーンへと排出された中性ガスで熱交換器を掃除することを含み、
- パージングステップは、使用者向け流体で熱交換器を掃除することを含む。
- 圧縮機構は、1つ又は複数のコンプレッサと、コンプレッサを回転させるための少なくとも1つの駆動モータと、を含み、冷凍装置の冷凍能力は可変であり、駆動モータの回転速度を調整することによって制御され、電子コントローラは、第二の動作モードにおける駆動モータのうちの少なくとも1つの回転速度を前記モータの最大又は公称速度の2%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の値に設定するように構成され、
- 圧縮機構は、複数のロータリコンプレッサと、各々が回転駆動シャフトを含む少なくとも2つの駆動モータと、を含み、コンプレッサは、それぞれの回転シャフトによって回転駆動され、作動流体を膨張させるための機構は、少なくとも1つのコンプレッサの駆動モータのうちの1つのシャフトと連動して回転する少なくとも1つの回転タービンを含み、
- 第二の動作モードにおいて、電子コントローラは、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービンを含む少なくとも1つのモータを停止させ、コンプレッサの少なくとも1つの他の駆動モータを、前記モータの最大又は公称速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作させるように構成され、
- 装置は、停止されたモータを制動し、停止されたモータのシャフト及び/又はコンプレッサ及び/又はタービンの回転を制動及び/又は阻止するための機械的又は電気又は磁気システムを有し、
- 第一の動作モードにおいて、駆動モータは、それらの回転シャフトをそれぞれの第一の回転方向に回転させるように構成され、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービンを含む少なくとも1つのモータは、可逆的な回転方向を有するタイプのものであり、電子コントローラは、冷凍装置の第二の動作モード中、前記モータを第一の回転方向と反対の回転方向に回転させるように構成され、
- 冷凍装置の第二の動作モードにおいて、電子コントローラは、反対方向に回転されているモータとは別の少なくとも1つの駆動モータを停止させるか、又は反対方向に回転されているモータとは別のこの駆動モータの回転速度を、第一の動作モード中の前記モータの回転速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の値に制限するように構成される。
Claims (15)
- 使用者向け流体、特に天然ガスの流れを冷凍及び/又は液化する方法であって、低温冷凍装置(1)、すなわち摂氏マイナス100度~摂氏マイナス273度の温度で冷凍するための冷凍装置を含む冷却及び/又は液化システムを使用し、前記冷凍装置(1)は、ループを形成し、作動流体を含む作動回路(10)を含み、前記作動回路(10)は、前記作動流体を圧縮するための機構(2、3)、前記作動流体を冷却するための機構(6)、前記作動流体を膨張させるための機構(7)、及び前記作動流体を加熱するための機構(6、8)を直列に含むサイクルを形成し、前記冷凍装置(1)は、前記作動回路(10)内を循環する前記作動流体との熱交換によって前記使用者向け流体の流れから熱を抽出するための冷却熱交換器(8)を含み、前記システムは、前記冷却熱交換器(8)内の前記使用者向け流体の流れの前記循環のためのダクト(15)を含み、前記冷凍装置(1)が前記冷却熱交換器(8)の第一の冷却動作モードにあり、その間、前記使用者向け流体の流れはこの冷却熱交換器(8)内で循環される冷却ステップを含み、この冷却ステップの後に、前記冷却熱交換器(8)内の固化された不純物をクリーニングするステップを含み、前記クリーニングステップ中、前記冷凍装置(1)は、前記作動ガスが前記作動回路(10)内を循環するが、前記冷却熱交換器(8)の前記冷却は前記第一の動作モードと比較して減少する第二の動作モードにあり、前記圧縮機構は、複数のロータリコンプレッサ(2、3)と、各々が回転駆動シャフトを含む少なくとも2つの駆動モータ(14、15)と、を含み、前記コンプレッサ(2、3)はそれぞれの前記回転シャフトによって回転駆動され、前記作動流体を膨張させるための前記機構は、少なくとも1つのコンプレッサ(2)の前記駆動モータ(14、15)のうちの1つのシャフトと連動して回転する少なくとも1つの回転タービン(7)を含むことと、前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第一の動作モードにおいて、前記駆動モータ(14、15)の前記回転シャフトはそれぞれの第一の回転方向に回転し、前記作動流体は前記作動回路(10)内で第一の循環方向に循環することと、前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第二の動作モードにおいて、少なくとも1つのモータ(15)、特にそのシャフトにタービン(7)が連結されているモータ(15)は反対方向に回転され、すなわち、その回転シャフトは前記第一の回転方向と反対の回転方向に回転することを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記クリーニングステップ中、前記冷凍装置(1)は冷却を行わないか、又は前記冷却熱交換器(8)の加熱を行うことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記クリーニングステップ中、使用者向け流体の流れは前記冷却熱交換器(8)内で循環され、及び前記冷却熱交換器によって加熱されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機構は1つ又は複数のコンプレッサ(2、3)と、前記コンプレッサ(2、3)を回転させるための少なくとも1つの駆動モータ(14、15)を含み、前記冷凍装置(1)の冷凍能力は可変であり、前記駆動モータ(14、15)の回転速度を調整することによって制御されることと、前記第二の動作モードにおいて、前記駆動モータ(14、15)のうちの少なくとも一方の前記回転速度は、前記モータ(14、15)の最大又は公称回転速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%であることを特徴とする、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第二の動作モードにおいて、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービン(7)を含む少なくとも1つのモータ(15)が停止されることと、コンプレッサ(3)の少なくとも1つの他の駆動モータ(14)は、前記モータ(14)の最大又は公称速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの停止されたモータ(15)は制動され(20)、すなわち対応するシャフト及び/又はコンプレッサ(2)及び/又はタービン(7)の前記回転が制動されるか、阻止されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の方法。
- そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービン(7)を含むモータ(15)によって駆動される前記少なくとも1つのコンプレッサ(2)は遠心型であることと、前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第二の動作モードにおいて、前記作動流体は前記作動回路(10)内で前記第一の循環方向に循環することを特徴とする、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第二の動作モードにおいて、前記反対方向に回転されたモータ(2)とは別の少なくとも1つの駆動モータ(14)は停止されるか、又は前記モータ(14)の最大又は公称速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作することを特徴とする、請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 使用者向け流体の流れは、使用者向け流体のタンク(16)から送出されることによって前記冷却熱交換器(8)内で循環されることと、前記冷却熱交換器(8)との熱交換を経た前記使用者向け流体は前記タンク(16)に戻されることを特徴とする、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 低温冷凍装置、すなわち摂氏マイナス100度~摂氏マイナス273度の温度で冷凍するための冷凍装置であって、ループを形成し、作動流体を含む作動回路(10)を含み、前記作動回路(10)は、前記作動流体を圧縮するための機構(2、3)、前記作動流体を冷却するための機構(6)、前記作動流体を膨張させるための機構(7)、及び前記作動流体を加熱するための機構(6)を直列に含むサイクルを形成し、前記作動回路(10)内を循環する前記作動流体との熱交換により少なくとも1つの部材(25)において熱を抽出するための冷却熱交換器(8)を含み、前記低温冷凍装置(1)は、前記冷凍装置(1)の冷凍能力を制御して、前記冷凍装置(1)を、前記冷却熱交換器(8)の、この冷却熱交換器(8)内で循環される使用者向け流体の流れを冷却するための第一の冷却動作モードと、前記冷却熱交換器(8)内の固化した不純物をクリーニングするためのクリーニングモードとに切り替えるように構成される電子コントローラ(12)を含み、前記クリーニングモードでは、前記電子コントローラ(12)は、前記第一の動作モードと比較して前記冷凍装置(1)の冷凍能力を低下させ、前記冷却熱交換器(8)の前記冷却を減少させるように構成され、前記圧縮機構は、複数のロータリコンプレッサ(2、3)と、各々が回転駆動シャフトを含む少なくとも2つの駆動モータ(14、15)と、を含み、前記コンプレッサ(2、3)はそれぞれの前記回転シャフトによって回転駆動され、前記作動流体を膨張させるための前記機構は、少なくとも1つのコンプレッサ(2)の前記駆動モータ(14、15)のうちの一方のシャフトと連動して回転する少なくとも1つの回転タービン(7)を含むことを特徴とし、及び前記第一の動作モードにおいて、前記駆動モータ(14、15)は、それらの回転シャフトをそれぞれの第一の回転方向に回転させるように構成され、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービン(7)を含む少なくとも1つのモータ(15)は、可逆的な回転方向を有するタイプであることと、前記電子コントローラ(12)は、前記冷凍装置(1)の第二の動作モード中、前記モータ(15)を前記第一の回転方向と反対の回転方向に回転させるように構成されることを特徴とする冷凍装置。
- 前記圧縮機構は、1つ又は複数のコンプレッサ(2、3)と、前記コンプレッサ(2、3)を回転させるための少なくとも1つの駆動モータ(14、15)を含み、前記冷凍装置(1)の冷凍能力は可変であり、前記駆動モータ(14、15)の回転速度を調整することによって制御されることと、前記電子コントローラ(12)は、前記第二の動作モードの前記駆動モータ(14、15)のうちの少なくとも一方の前記回転速度を前記モータ(14、15)の最大又は公称速度の2%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の値に設定するように構成されることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記第二の動作モードにおいて、前記電子コントローラ(12)は、そのシャフトと連動して回転するタービン(7)を含む少なくとも1つのモータ(15)を停止させ、コンプレッサ(3)の少なくとも1つの他の駆動モータ(14)を、前記モータ(14)の最大又は公称速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%の回転速度で動作させるように構成されることを特徴とする、請求項10及び11の何れかに記載の装置。
- 前記停止されたモータを制動し、前記停止されたモータの前記シャフト及び/又はコンプレッサ(2)及び/又はタービン(7)の前記回転を制動及び/又は阻止するための機械的又は電気又は磁気システム(20)を有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記冷凍装置(1)の前記第二の動作モードにおいて、前記電子コントローラ(12)は、前記反対方向に回転されたモータ(2)とは別の少なくとも1つの駆動モータ(14)を停止させるか、又は前記反対方向に回転されているモータ(2)とは別の駆動モータの回転速度を、前記第一の動作モード中の前記モータ(2)の回転速度の1%~60%、及び好ましくは10~50%、特に20~30%に制限するように構成されることを特徴とする、請求項10~13の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 使用者向け流体、特に天然ガスの流れを冷凍及び/又は液化するための、請求項10~14の何れか1項に記載の冷凍装置(1)を含むシステムであって、使用者向け流体の少なくとも1つのタンク(16)と、前記冷却熱交換器(8)内で前記使用者向け流体の流れを循環させるためのダクト(25)と、を含むシステム。
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