JP2022542167A - C/EBPアルファsaRNAを使用する組成物および方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
CCAAT/エンハンサー結合タンパク質α(C/EBPα、C/EBPアルファ、C/EBPA、またはCEBPA)は、ヒトとラットの間にわたり保存されているロイシンジッパータンパク質である。この核転写因子は、肝細胞、骨髄単球、脂肪細胞ばかりでなく、他の型の乳腺上皮細胞においても豊富である[レクストロム-ヒメスら(Lekstrom-Himes et al.), J. Bio. Chem, vol. 273, 28545-28548 (1998)]。C/EBPαタンパク質は、代謝プロセスおよび細胞増殖の重要な調節因子として公知である。C/EBPα遺伝子の調節は、治療目的のための大きな潜在性を有している。本開示は、C/EBPα転写物をターゲティングする核酸構築物を提供し、ここで、前記核酸構築物は修飾を有するか、または有さない一本鎖または二本鎖のDNAまたはRNAを含みうる。
本文脈において、「C/EBPα転写物」、「C/EBPαターゲット転写物」または「ターゲット転写物」という用語は、C/EBPαタンパク質をコードするC/EBPα mRNAでありうる。C/EBPα mRNAはC/EBPα遺伝子のテンプレート鎖から転写され、ミトコンドリア中に存在しうる。
本開示の1つの側面は、CEBPA遺伝子をアップレギュレートするsaRNAと、少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物を提供する。このようなsaRNAは、以下、本願において交換可能に使用される「C/EBPα-saRNA」または「本開示のsaRNA」と呼ばれる。
いくつかの実施形態において、ターゲティングされる配列は、19、20、21、22、または23ヌクレオチドを有する。
いくつかの実施形態において、C/EBPα-saRNAのターゲティングされる配列は、C/EBPα遺伝子のテンプレート鎖のTSS(転写開始部位)コア内に位置する。本明細書で使用される「TSSコア」または「TSSコア配列」は、TSS(転写開始部位)の上流2000ヌクレオチドと下流2000ヌクレオチドとの間の領域を指す。したがって、TSSコアは4001ヌクレオチドを含み、TSSはTSSコア配列の5’末端から2001位に位置する。CEBPA TSSコア配列を以下の表に示す:
いくつかの実施形態において、ターゲティングされる配列は、TSSの500ヌクレオチド上流と500ヌクレオチド下流との間に位置する。
いくつかの実施形態において、ターゲティングされる配列は、TSSの100ヌクレオチド上流と100ヌクレオチド下流との間に位置する。
CEBPA-51および/またはMTL-CEBPAなどのC/EBPα-saRNAまたはC/EBPα-saRNA組成物は、治療上有効なアウトカムをもたらす任意の経路で投与されうる。これらは、経腸、胃腸、硬膜外、経口、経皮、硬膜外(硬膜の外)、大脳内(大脳の中)、脳室内(脳室の中)、皮膚上(皮膚への塗布)、皮内(皮膚自体の中)、皮下(皮膚の下)、経鼻投与(鼻から)、静脈内(静脈の中)、動脈内(動脈の中)、筋肉内(筋肉の中)、心臓内(心臓の中)、骨内注入(骨髄の中)、くも膜下腔内(脊柱管内)、腹腔内、(腹膜への注入または注射)、膀胱内注入、硝子体内、(眼から)、海綿体内注射、(陰茎基部の中)、膣内投与、子宮内、羊膜外投与、経皮(全身分布のための無傷の皮膚を介した拡散)、経粘膜(粘膜を介した拡散)、ガス注入(経鼻吸入)、舌下、陰唇下、浣腸、点眼(結膜上)、または点耳を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。特定の実施形態において、組成物は、それらが血液脳関門、血管関門、または他の上皮関門を通過することを可能にする方法で投与されうる。その内容の全体を本願明細書に援用する2012年12月14日に出願された国際公開第2013/090648号に開示されている投与経路は、本開示のsaRNAを投与するために使用されうる。
いくつかの実施形態において、CEBPA-51および/またはMTL-CEBPAなどのC/EBPα-saRNAまたはC/EBPα-saRNA組成物は、毎日1回、2日ごとに1回、3日ごとに1回、4日ごとに1回、または5日ごとに1回投与される。
本開示の1つの側面は、C/EBPα-saRNA、および前記C/EBPα-saRNAと少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物を使用する方法を提供する。C/EBPα-saRNAは、C/EBPα遺伝子の発現を調節する。一実施形態では、本開示のsaRNAの非存在下におけるC/EBPα遺伝子の発現と比較して、本開示のsaRNAの存在下では、C/EBPα遺伝子の発現が、少なくとも20、30、40%、より好ましくは少なくとも45、50、55、60、65、70、75%、さらにより好ましくは少なくとも80%増加する。さらに好ましい実施形態では、本開示のsaRNAの非存在下におけるC/EBPα遺伝子の発現と比較して、本開示のsaRNAの存在下では、C/EBPα遺伝子の発現が、少なくとも2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10倍、より好ましくは少なくとも15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50倍、さらにより好ましくは少なくとも60、70、80、90、100倍増加する。
過剰増殖障害
本開示の一実施形態では、本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAが、過剰増殖性細胞の細胞増殖を低減させるために使用される。過剰増殖性細胞の例は、癌腫、肉腫、リンパ腫、および芽細胞腫などの癌性細胞を含む。そのような癌性細胞は、良性または悪性でありうる。過剰増殖性細胞は、関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、または乾癬などの自己免疫状態に起因するものであってもよい。過剰増殖性細胞はまた、アレルゲンと接触した過敏性の免疫系を有する患者の中でも生じうる。過敏性の免疫系が関与するそのような状態は、喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、湿疹、およびアレルギー性アナフィラキシーなどのアレルギー反応を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。一実施形態では、腫瘍細胞の発生および/または増殖が阻害される。好ましい実施形態では、固形腫瘍細胞の増殖が阻害される。別の好ましい実施形態では、腫瘍細胞の転移が防がれる。別の好ましい例では、未分化の腫瘍細胞の増殖が阻害される。
非限定的な一例では、細胞、組織、器官または対象を本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAと接触させることを含む、未分化腫瘍を処置する方法が提供される。未分化腫瘍は一般に、分化したものと比較して予後が不良である。腫瘍における分化の程度は予後に関係することから、分化を促す生物製剤の使用は、有益な抗増殖薬となりうると仮定されている。C/EBPαは、急性骨髄性白血病において骨髄分化を回復させ、造血細胞の過剰増殖を防ぐことが公知である。好ましくは、C/EBPα-saRNAで処置されうる未分化腫瘍は、未分化小細胞肺癌、未分化膵臓腺癌、未分化ヒト膵臓癌、未分化ヒト転移性前立腺癌、および未分化ヒト乳癌を含む。
腫瘍は、発癌性の変異により生じる体内で増殖する器官であり、さまざまな免疫細胞の集団を含んでいる。腫瘍の予後アウトカムは、腫瘍の変異の型だけでなく、腫瘍間質の組成、特に免疫細胞によっても決定される。いくつかの実施形態では、本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAは、対象の免疫系および/または免疫細胞を調節するために使用される。
本開示のsaRNAは、考慮されている特定の方法において効果を有することが公知である追加の活性剤または治療法と組み合わせて提供されうる。たとえば、saRNAと追加の活性剤または治療法を含む併用療法は、代謝調節、外科的ケア、過剰増殖性障害および/または幹細胞調節を含む本明細書に記載の任意の障害を処置するために、処置を必要とする任意の患者に与えられうる。
本明細書で使用される「同時に投与される」という用語は、特に限定されず、併用療法の成分、すなわち、本開示のsaRNAおよび追加の活性剤が実質的に同時に、たとえば、混合物として、または直後の順序で投与されることを意味する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本願のC/EBPα-saRNAおよび/または組成物は、外科的処置、放射線療法、免疫療法、遺伝子療法などの別の療法、および/または他の任意の抗腫瘍処置法と組み合わせられうる。
いくつかの実施形態では、本願のC/EBPα-saRNAおよび/または組成物は、癌ワクチンおよび/または免疫チェックポイント阻害剤などの補完的な免疫療法剤と組み合わせられうる。本明細書で用いられる場合、「ワクチン」という用語は、疾患の予防および/または処置のための免疫を生成するための組成物を指す。
いくつかの実施形態では、ICBは抗体である。
いくつかの実施形態では、ICBは表4のチェックポイント阻害剤の中の任意の薬剤である。
いくつかの実施形態では、C/EBPα-saRNAと少なくとも1つのICBとの併用療法を受けている患者は、HCCを有していてもよい。患者は、最初にICBで処置された後、C/EBPα-saRNAで処置されてもよいし;最初にC/EBPα-saRNAで処置された後、ICBで処置されてもよいし;または、C/EBPα-saRNAとICBの両方を含む組成物で処置されてもよい。
キット
本開示は、本開示の方法を便利かつ/または効果的に実施するためのさまざまなキットを提供する。典型的には、キットは、ユーザーが対象の複数の処置を行うこと、および/または複数の実験を行うことを可能にするのに十分な量および/または数の成分を含むであろう。
一実施形態では、本開示は、本開示のC/EBPα-saRNA、またはC/EBPα-saRNA、他の遺伝子を調節するsaRNA、siRNA、もしくはmiRNAの組合せを含む、インビトロまたはインビボで遺伝子の発現を調節するためのキットを提供する。キットは、製剤組成物を形成するための包装および説明書および/または送達剤をさらに含みうる。送達剤は、生理食塩水、バッファー液、リピドイド、デンドリマー、または本明細書に開示される任意の送達剤を含みうる。遺伝子の非限定的な例は、C/EBPα、C/EBPファミリーの他のメンバー、アルブミン遺伝子、アルファフェクトプロテイン遺伝子、肝臓特異的因子遺伝子、成長因子、核因子遺伝子、腫瘍抑制遺伝子、多能性因子遺伝子を含む。
デバイス
本開示は、本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAを組み込むことができるデバイスを提供する。これらのデバイスは、ヒト患者など、処置を必要とする対象に直ちに送達するために利用可能な安定した製剤を含んでいる。そのような対象の非限定的な例は、癌、腫瘍、または肝硬変などの増殖性障害;NAFLD、肥満、高LDLコレステロール、またはII型糖尿病などの代謝性障害を有する対象を含む。
デバイスの非限定的な例は、ポンプ、カテーテル、針、経皮パッチ、加圧嗅覚送達デバイス、イオントフォレーシスデバイス、多層マイクロ流体デバイスを含む。デバイスは、本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAを単回、複数回、または分割投与レジメンに従って送達するために使用されうる。デバイスは、生物学的組織を超えて皮内、皮下的、または筋肉内的へと本開示のC/EBPα-saRNAを送達するために使用されうる。オリゴヌクレオチドを送達するのに好適なデバイスのより多くの例は、2012年12月14日に出願された国際公開第2013/090648号に開示されており、その内容の全体を本願明細書に援用する。
便宜のため、本明細書、実施例、および添付の特許請求の範囲において使用される特定の用語および句の意味が以下に提供される。この明細書の他の部分における用語の使用とこのセクションで提供されるその定義との間に明らかな矛盾がある場合は、このセクションにおける定義が優先するものとする。
組み合わせて投与される:本明細書で用いられる場合、「組み合わせて投与される」または「組合せ投与」という用語は、2つ以上の薬剤、たとえば、saRNAが、同時にまたは患者に対する各薬剤の効果が重複しうるような間隔で、対象に投与されることを意味する。いくつかの実施形態では、それらは互いに約60、30、15、10、5、または1分以内に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、薬剤の投与は、組合せ(たとえば、相乗的)効果が達成されるように、互いに十分に近い間隔で行われる。
生物学的活性:本明細書で用いられる場合、「生物学的活性」という表現は、生体系および/または生物で活性を有する任意の物質の特性を意味する。たとえば、生物に投与されたとき、その生物に対して生物学的作用を有する物質は、生物学的に活性であると考えられる。特定の実施形態では、saRNAの一部であっても、生物学的に活性であれば、または生物学的に関連があると見なされる活性を模倣するのであれば、本開示のsaRNAは、生物学的に活性であると見なされうる。
相補的:本明細書で用いられる場合、核酸に関する「相補的」という用語は、ヌクレオチド間または核酸間のハイブリダイゼーションまたは塩基対合を意味し、たとえば、二本鎖DNA分子の2つの鎖間またはオリゴヌクレオチドプローブとターゲットとの間などは相補的である。
送達剤:本明細書で用いられる場合、「送達剤」とは、ターゲティングされる細胞への本開示のsaRNAのインビボ送達を少なくとも部分的に促進する任意の物質を意味する。
操作された:本明細書で用いられる場合、本開示の実施形態は、構造的か化学的かにかかわらず、出発点、野生型、または天然型の分子と異なる特徴または性状を有するように設計される場合、「操作」される。
発現:本明細書で用いられる場合、核酸配列の「発現」とは次のイベント、すなわち、(1)DNA配列からのRNA鋳型の産生(たとえば、転写による)、(2)RNA転写物のプロセシング(たとえば、スプライシング、エディティング、5’キャップ形成、および/または3’末端プロセシングによる)、(3)ポリペプチドまたはタンパク質へのRNAの翻訳、ならびに(4)ポリペプチドまたはタンパク質の翻訳後修飾の1つ以上を意味する。
製剤:本明細書で用いられる場合、「製剤」は、少なくとも本開示のsaRNAと送達剤とを含む。
遺伝子:本明細書で用いられる場合、「遺伝子」という用語は、ポリペプチドまたは前駆体の産生に必要な制御配列とほとんどの場合にコード配列とを含む核酸配列を意味する。しかしながら、遺伝子は翻訳されなくてもよく、その代わりに調節または構造RNA分子をコードしうる。
リンカー:本明細書で用いられる場合、リンカーとは原子団(たとえば、10~1,000原子)を意味し、限定されるものではないが炭素、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、酸素、硫黄、スルホキシド、スルホニル、カルボニル、およびイミンなどの原子または基で構成可能である。リンカーは、第1の末端を修飾ヌクレオシドまたは修飾ヌクレオチドの核酸塩基または糖部分に、かつ第2の末端を検出可能剤または治療剤などのペイロードに装着可能である。リンカーは、核酸配列中への組込みを妨害しない十分な長さでありうる。リンカーは、本明細書に記載されるように、saRNAコンジュゲートを形成したり、さらにはペイロードを投与したりするなど、任意の有用な目的に使用可能である。リンカーに組込み可能な化学基の例としては、限定されるものではないがアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アミド、アミノ、エーテル、チオエーテル、エステル、アルキレン、ヘテロアルキレン、アリール、またはヘテロシクリルが挙げられ、それらは、それぞれ本明細書に記載されるように、場合により置換可能である。リンカーの例は、限定されるものではないが不飽和アルカン、ポリエチレングリコール(たとえば、エチレンまたはプロピレングリコールモノマー単位、たとえば、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、またはテトラエチレングリコール)、およびデキストランポリマー、ならびにそれらの誘導体を含む。他の例は、たとえばジスルフィド結合(-S-S-)またはアゾ結合(-N=N-)などの切断可能な部分をリンカー中に含んで還元剤または光分解を用いて切断可能であるが、これらに限定されるものではない。選択的に切断可能な結合の非現実的な例は、たとえばトリス(2-カルボキシエチル)ホスフィン(TCEP)、もしくは他の還元剤および/または光分解を用いて切断可能なアミド結合、さらにはたとえば酸加水分解もしくは塩基加水分解により切断可能なエステル結合を含む。
核酸:本明細書で用いられる「核酸」という用語は、1つ以上のヌクレオチド、すなわち、リボヌクレオチド、デオキシリボヌクレオチド、またはその両方で構成された分子を意味する。この用語は、リボヌクレオチドおよびデオキシリボヌクレオチドのモノマーおよびポリマーを含み、ポリマーの場合、リボヌクレオチドおよび/またはデオキシリボヌクレオチドは、5’から3’への結合を介して結合一体化される。リボヌクレオチドおよびデオキシリボヌクレオチドのポリマーは一本鎖または二本鎖でありうる。しかしながら、結合は当技術分野で公知の任意の結合を含んでいてもよく、たとえば、核酸は5’から3’への結合を含む。ヌクレオチドは天然に存在しうるか、または天然に存在する塩基対との塩基対関係を形成可能な合成により生成されたアナログでありうる。塩基対合関係を形成可能な天然に存在しない塩基の例は、限定されるものではないがアザおよびデアザピリミジンアナログ、アザおよびデアザプリンアナログ、ならびにピリミジン環の炭素原子および窒素原子の1つ以上がヘテロ原子、たとえば、酸素、硫黄、セレン、リンなどにより置換された他のヘテロ環塩基アナログを含む。
予防:本明細書で用いられる場合、「予防」という用語は、感染、疾患、障害、および/もしくは病態の発生を部分的にもしくは完全に遅延すること、特定の感染、疾患、障害、および/もしくは病態の1つ以上の症状、特徴、もしくは臨床病変の発生を部分的にもしくは完全に遅延すること、特定の感染、疾患、障害、および/もしくは病態の1つ以上の症状、特徴、もしくは病変の発生を部分的にもしくは完全に遅延すること、感染、特定の疾患、障害、および/もしくは病態からの進行を部分的にもしくは完全に遅延すること、ならびに/または感染、疾患、障害、および/もしくは病態に関連付けられる病理発生のリスクを減少させることを意味する。
増殖:本明細書で用いられる場合、「増殖」という用語は、成長、拡張、もしくは増大すること、または迅速に成長、拡張、もしくは増大を引き起こすことを意味する。「増殖」は、増殖する能力を有することを意味する。「抗増殖」とは、増殖性質に対抗するまたは不適である性質を有することを意味する。
精製された:本明細書で用いられる場合、「精製する」、「精製された」、「精製」とは、望ましくない成分、材料汚染、混合、または不完全から実質的に純粋または清澄にすることを意味する。
単回ユニット用量:本明細書で用いられる場合、「単回ユニット用量」とは、1回で/一時点/一経路/一接触点で、すなわち単回投与イベントで投与される任意の治療剤の用量のことである。
安定:本明細書で用いられる場合、「安定」とは、反応混合物から有用な純度への単離に耐えるのに十分なロバスト性のある、好ましくは、有効な治療剤への製剤化が可能である化合物を意味する。
対象:本明細書で用いられる場合、「対象」または「患者」という用語は、たとえば、実験、診断、予防、および/または治療の目的で、本開示に係る組成物が投与されうる任意の生物を意味する。典型的な対象は、動物(たとえば、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、非ヒト霊長動物、ヒトなど哺乳動物)および/または植物を含む。
実質的に同時に:複数の用量に関係して本明細書で用いられる場合、この用語は、2秒間以内を意味する。
合成:「合成」という用語は、ヒトの手により産生、調製、および/または製造されることを意味する。本開示に係るポリヌクレオチドもしくはポリペプチドまたは他の分子の合成は、化学的もしくは酵素的でありうる。
転写因子:本明細書で用いられる場合、「転写因子」という用語は、たとえば、転写の活性化または抑圧により、DNAからRNAへの転写を調節するDNA結合タンパク質を意味する。いくつかの転写因子は、転写のみの調節を行うが、他のものは、他のタンパク質と協奏的に作用する。いくつかの転写因子は、特定の条件下で転写の活性化および抑制の両方を行うことが可能である。一般的には、転写因子は、ターゲット遺伝子の調節領域の特定のコンセンサス配列にきわめて類似した1つもしくは複数の特異的ターゲット配列に結合する。転写因子は、ターゲット遺伝子の転写を単独でまたは他の分子との複合体で調節しうる。
腫瘍体積:本明細書で用いられる場合、「腫瘍体積」という用語は、腫瘍のサイズを意味する。mm3単位の腫瘍体積は、式:体積=(幅)2×長さ/2により計算される。
当業者であれば、通常の実験の域を出ることなく、本明細書に記載の本開示に係る特定の実施形態に対する多くの均等物が分かるか、またはそれらを確認できるであろう。本開示の範囲は、以上の説明に限定されるものではなく、添付の特許請求の範囲に明記される通りである。
範囲が与えられた場合、端点が含まれる。さらに、特に指定がない限り、または特に文脈および当業者の理解から自明でない限り、範囲として表現された値は、文脈上明らかに異なる場合を除いて、範囲の下限の単位の10分の1まで、本開示のさまざまな実施形態で指定の範囲内の任意の特定の値または部分範囲を仮定しうると理解されるべきである。
CEBPA-saRNAを調製するための材料および手順は、ミナセラピューティクスリミテッド社(MiNA Therapeutics Limited)の国際公開第2015/075557号および国際公開第2016/170349号に開示されている。CEBPA-51およびMTL-CEBPAの調製は、国際公開第2016/170349号の実施例中に開示されている。
材料および方法
細胞株
LLC肺癌細胞株はATCCから入手し、10%FBS(アトランタバイオロジカルズ社(Atlanta Biologicals,Inc.))および1%抗生物質(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.))を添加したDMEM(コーニング社(Corning Incorporated))中で培養した。細胞を37℃、5%CO2でインキュベートした。0.25%トリプシン(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.))を使用して、70~80%コンフルエントな細胞を収集し、継代または実験に使用した。
すべての手順は、ウィスター研究所(The Wistar Institute)の施設内動物管理使用委員会(IACUC)と、実験動物の管理と使用に関するNIHガイドのガイドラインに厳密に従って実行および承認された。雌の6週齢のC57BL/6マウス(チャールズリバーラブス社(Charles River Labs))を12/12時間の明暗スケジュールで温度管理した部屋において飼育し、餌は自由に与えた。
LLC細胞を収集し、DPBS(コーニング社(Corning))中に5×105個の細胞を含む200μLとして懸濁し、0日目にマウスに皮下注射した。腫瘍が確立された後、マウスを2群にランダム化し、週に2回、3mg/kgのMTL-CEBPAまたはNOV-FLUCを静脈内処置した。
MTL-CEBPAまたはNOV-FLUCで処置した担腫瘍マウスを24日目と25日目に屠殺した。腫瘍解離キット(ミルテニーバイオテック社(MiltenyiBiotec))を使用して腫瘍組織を解離させた。脾臓は物理的に潰すことによって処理した。赤血球はACKバッファーにより溶解した。
マウスの細胞表面マーカーであるCD45、CD11b、Ly6G、Ly6C、F4/80に特異的なモノクローナル抗体は、BDバイオサイエンス社(BD bioscience)から購入した。フローサイトメトリーデータは、BD LSR IIフローサイトメーターを使用して取得し、FlowJoソフトウェア(Tree Star)を用いて分析した。
FACSAriaセルソーター(BDバイオサイエンス社(BD Biosciences))上でのセルソーティングによって、腫瘍細胞からPMN-MDSC(CD11b+,Ly6G+,Ly6C低(Ly6Clow))、M-MDSC(CD11b+,Ly6G-,Ly6C高(Ly6Chigh))、およびマクロファージ(CD11b+, F4/80+)を単離した。PMELマウスはgp100由来ペプチドを認識するCD8+ T細胞を有しており、レスポンダーとして使用した。PMELマウスの全脾臓細胞とナイーブマウスの脾臓細胞を1:4で完全RPMI培地中において混合し、96ウェルU底プレートに105細胞/ウェルで播種した。Ly6G+またはLy6C+細胞を0.0625~1×105細胞/ウェル(1:16~1:1)でウェルに加えた。マウスgp100ペプチド(25~33) EGSRNQDWL (アナスペック社(AnaSpec, Inc.))をddH2Oに溶解し、RPMI完全培地で希釈して、最終濃度0.1μg/mLでウェルに添加した。48時間の培養後、細胞に3H-チミジン(1μCi/ウェル; GEヘルスケア社(GE healthcare))を16時間パルスした。3H-チミジンの取り込みを、液体シンチレーションカウンターを用いて1分あたりのカウント数(cpm)としてカウントし、ポジティブコントロール(レスポンダー細胞とペプチドを入れたウェル)に対する増殖の割合を算出した。
RNAはトータルRNA抽出キット(ザイモリサーチ社(Zymoresearch))を用いて抽出した。cDNAを合成し(cDNA逆転写酵素キット;アプライドバイオシステムズ社(Applied Biosystems))、PCRを各サンプルについて3回、SYBR Green Master Mixture(サーモフィッシャー社(Thermo Fisher))とb-アクチンのプライマー(フォワード:5’-ATGGAGGGGAATACAGCCC-3’、リバース:5’-TTCTTTGCAGCTCCTTCGTT-3’)、ラクトトランスフェリンのプライマー(Ltf、フォワード:5’-TGCTCCCAACAGCAAAGAGA-3’、リバース:5’-CTTCAGTGTTCTTCCCGTCAGT-3’)およびC/EBP-アルファのプライマー(QuantiTect Primer Assays、キアゲン社(Qiagen))を用いて行った。b-アクチンと比較した遺伝子の相対的発現を2-ΔCt法を使用して計算した。
100μg/マウスの抗マウスCD8α抗体またはラットIgG2aアイソタイプ対照(バイオエクセル社(BioXCell))を-3日目、1日目、4日目、7日目、10日目、および14日目にマウスに腹腔内投与した。0日目にLLC細胞を5×105細胞/マウスでマウスに皮下注射した。3日目に、マウスを3群にランダム化し(n=5)、週2回、3mg/kgのMTL-CEBPAまたはNOV-FLUCを静脈内投与した。
LLC細胞を0日目にマウスに皮下注射した。3日目に、マウスを2群にランダム化し、週2回、MTL-CEBPAまたはNOV-FLUCを3mg/kgで静脈内投与した。マウスの腫瘍面積を測定し、図1に示した。MTL-CEBPAは腫瘍成長阻害を示した。
上述したように、CEBPA-saRNAは、MDSCおよびTAM細胞の免疫抑制を低減するために使用されうる。この試験では、MTL-CEBPAがさまざまな免疫療法と組み合わせられた。試験デザインが図6にまとめられている。担腫瘍マウス(LLCモデル)をグループ分けし、以下により処置した:群1):対照、群2):3日目、6日目、10日目、13日目、17日目、および20日目に3mg/kgのMTL-CEBPA(静脈内)、群3):10日目、17日目、および24日目に200μg/マウスのCTLA4活性を阻害するCTLA4抗体(Ab)(腹腔内)、群4):毎日50mg/kgのCOX2阻害剤であるセレコキシブ(経口)、群5):MTL-CEBPA+CTLA4 Ab、ならびに群6):MTL-CEBPA+セレコキシブ。
多形核骨髄由来抑制細胞(PMN-MDSC)は、癌における免疫応答の調節に重要な病理学的に活性化された好中球である。これらの細胞は、癌治療の失敗に寄与しており、不良な臨床アウトカムと関連付けられる。マウスおよびヒトのPMN-MDSCは脂肪酸輸送タンパク質2(FATP2)をアップレギュレートすること、および、FATP2の阻害はPMN-MDSCの活性を無効にするとともに腫瘍の進行を大幅に遅らせることが報告されている。
均等物および範囲
当業者であれば、通常の実験の域を出ることなく、本明細書に記載の本開示に係る特定の実施形態に対する多くの均等物が分かるか、またはそれらを確認できるであろう。本開示の範囲は、以上の説明に限定されるものではなく、添付の特許請求の範囲に明記される通りである。
Claims (40)
- 処置を必要とする対象においてT細胞増殖に対するMDSCまたはTAMの阻害活性を遮断する方法であって、単離された合成saRNAを対象に投与する工程を含み、前記saRNAが配列番号1(CEBPA-51)の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖を含む、方法。
- 前記saRNAが二本鎖であり、センス鎖をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記saRNAのセンス鎖が、配列番号2(CEBPA-51)の配列を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- CEBPA-51がリポソームと共に送達される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記リポソームがNOV340スマーティクル(NOV340 Smarticles)(登録商標)である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞増殖が少なくとも20%、50%、100%、2倍、3倍、4倍、または5倍アップレギュレートされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が腫瘍を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺癌または結腸癌を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処置を必要とする対象の細胞におけるC/EBPα遺伝子の発現をアップレギュレートする方法であって、単離された合成saRNAを細胞に投与する工程を含み、前記細胞が単球性骨髄由来抑制細胞(MDSC)または腫瘍関連マクロファージ(TAM)であり、前記saRNAが配列番号1(CEBPA-51)の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖を含む、方法。
- 前記saRNAが二本鎖であり、センス鎖をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記saRNAのセンス鎖が、配列番号2(CEBPA-51)の配列を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- CEBPA-51がリポソームと共に送達される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記リポソームがNOV340スマーティクル(NOV340 Smarticles)(登録商標)である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- C/EBPα遺伝子の発現が、少なくとも20%、50%、100%、2倍、3倍、4倍、または5倍アップレギュレートされる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が腫瘍を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺癌または結腸癌を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 処置を必要とする対象の細胞におけるターゲット遺伝子の発現を低減させる方法であって、単離された合成saRNAを細胞に投与する工程を含み、前記saRNAが配列番号1(CEBPA-51)の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖を含み、前記ターゲット遺伝子がARG1、iNOS、S100A8、またはS100A9である、方法。
- 前記saRNAが二本鎖であり、センス鎖をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記saRNAのセンス鎖が、配列番号2(CEBPA-51)の配列を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- CEBPA-51がリポソームと共に送達される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記リポソームがNOV340スマーティクル(NOV340 Smarticles)(登録商標)である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記ターゲット遺伝子発現が、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、または80%低減する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞がMDSCまたはTAMである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が腫瘍を有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺癌または結腸癌を有する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 処置を必要とする対象の骨髄細胞へ単離された合成saRNAを送達する方法であって、リポソームと共に前記saRNAを製剤化する工程を含み、前記saRNAが配列番号1(CEBPA-51)の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖を含む、方法。
- 前記saRNAが二本鎖であり、センス鎖をさらに含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記saRNAのセンス鎖が、配列番号2(CEBPA-51)の配列を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記リポソームがNOV340スマーティクル(NOV340 Smarticles)(登録商標)である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が腫瘍を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺癌または結腸癌を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 処置を必要とする対象において癌を処置する方法であって、単離された合成saRNAおよび追加の活性剤を細胞に投与する工程を含み、前記saRNAが配列番号1(CEBPA-51)の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖を含み、前記追加の活性剤がCTLA-4阻害剤、COX2阻害剤、またはFATP2阻害剤である、方法。
- 前記saRNAが二本鎖であり、センス鎖をさらに含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記saRNAのセンス鎖が、配列番号2(CEBPA-51)の配列を含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- CEBPA-51がリポソームと共に送達される、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記リポソームがNOV340スマーティクル(NOV340 Smarticles)(登録商標)である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記CTLA-4阻害剤がCTLA-4抗体である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記COX2阻害剤がセレコキシブである、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記FATP2阻害剤がリポフェルマータである、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺癌または結腸癌を有する、請求項32に記載の方法。
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