JP2022535274A - セリアック病の診断、スクリーニング、および治療のための患者由来腸オルガノイドの使用 - Google Patents
セリアック病の診断、スクリーニング、および治療のための患者由来腸オルガノイドの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
以下の説明では、細胞培養の分野で従来使用されてきたいくつかの用語を広く利用する。明細書および特許請求の範囲、ならびにそのような用語に付与される範囲の明確かつ一貫した理解を提供するために、以下の定義が提供される。
セリアック病の診断のための組成物および方法が提供される。本方法は、小腸の組織に由来する気液界面オルガノイドのインビトロ培養物を利用し、培養物は、上皮細胞および小腸由来の免疫間質組織を含む。通常、試料は、同系腸上皮および天然腸免疫細胞の両方を含むヒト小腸生検組織であり、単一の試料からの培養物中の両方の細胞セットを提供し、再構築を伴わない。組織試料は、セリアック病の疑いがある個体、またはセリアック病の素因を有している疑いがある個体、または正常対照から得てもよい。
本発明のいくつかの態様では、関心がある活性について候補薬剤または細胞をスクリーニングするための方法および培養システムが提供される。これらの方法において、候補薬剤または細胞は、本発明のオルガノイド内の細胞に対するそれらの効果についてスクリーニングされる。関心があるオルガノイドとしては、非修飾細胞を含むもの、および実験的に修飾された細胞を含むものが挙げられ、薬剤は、上述のグルテンチャレンジの前または後に試験され得る。セリアック病の応答の特徴は、疾患の特徴に関して上述されるように測定され得、疾患の予防または治療に有用な薬剤は、陽性対照と比較して、1つ以上の特徴の数またはレベルを減少させる。
本発明のいくつかの態様では、ハイスループットフォーマットで候補薬剤をスクリーニングするための方法および培養システムが提供される。「ハイスループット」または「HT」とは、関心がある活性について多数の候補薬剤または候補細胞を同時にスクリーニングすることを意味する。多数とは、一度に20以上の候補、例えば40以上の候補、例えば100以上の候補、200以上の候補、500以上の候補、または1000以上の候補をスクリーニングすることを意味する。
主題の方法によって調製されたオルガノイドは、基礎研究において、例えば、疾患の基礎をよりよく理解するために、および創薬において、例えば、以下にさらに記載されるものなどのスクリーニングにおける試薬として、および診断目的で使用され得る。オルガノイドはまた、薬剤の薬物動態および薬力学、例えば、哺乳動物組織が活性薬剤を吸収する能力、一次哺乳動物組織上または発がん性哺乳動物組織上の薬剤の細胞傷害性などを評価するために有用である。
セリアック病(CeD)は、グルテンへの食事による曝露が、症候学に関連する腸管上皮の自己免疫破壊を誘導する、一般的かつ潜在的に障害な状態である。CeDの病因は、主要な危険因子対立遺伝子としてのグリアジン反応性T細胞受容体(TCR)およびHLA-DQ2および-DQ8の実証によって推測されるように、グルテン依存性T細胞の活性化から始まると推定される。これまでのCeD病態生理学の実質的な洞察にもかかわらず、研究は、インビボおよびインビトロ実験モデルの欠如によって実質的に妨げられてきている。特に、CeDのインビトロ研究は、再構築することなく、内因性の多様な浸潤免疫集団とともに腸上皮をまとめて保存する全体的な組織培養モデルの著しい欠如に悩まされてきている。従来のオルガノイドモデルは、CeD患者から腸上皮を確実に増殖させるが、免疫成分は特に存在しない。
本出願は、2019年6月3日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/856.481号の利益を主張し、これらの出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (18)
- セリアック病のための哺乳類オルガノイドモデルを培養する方法であって、
気液界面を有するゲル中で、上皮細胞および免疫細胞の両方の維持および活性を少なくとも5日間サポートするする培地中で、同系腸管上皮および天然腸管免疫細胞を含む哺乳類小腸組織を培養することを含む、方法。 - 培養物中に存在する免疫細胞を活性化するために有効な用量のグルテン由来ペプチドを前記培地に添加するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記グルテン由来ペプチドは、長さが約8~約35アミノ酸の小麦グリアジンのペプチドである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- グリアジンペプチドが脱アミド化される、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記培養物中に存在する免疫細胞を活性化するために有効な用量は、0.5μM~100μMの濃度である、請求項2~5のいずれか 一項に記載の方法。
- 前記小腸組織は、内視鏡生検試料である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記小腸組織は、セリアック病に罹患している疑いがある個体またはセリアック病に罹患していることが知られている個体から得られる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記培地は、R-スポンジン、WNTアゴニスト、ノギン、およびEGFのうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- セリアック病の特徴の存在を判定するグルテンチャレンジ後のステップをさらに含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記セリアック病の特徴は、T細胞へのグリアジン提示、T細胞増殖、T細胞活性化、上皮細胞死、および上皮細胞増殖のうちの1つ以上である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 上皮細胞が、アネキシンV、切断カスパーゼ3のうちの1つ以上を含むアポトーシスマーカーの細胞染色またはRT-qPCRによって測定され、、対照に対するレベルを定量する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 上皮細胞増殖が、Ki67、CCND1、PCNAのうちの1つ以上を含む増殖マーカーの細胞染色またはRT-qPCRによって測定され、対照に対するレベルを定量する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- T細胞増殖が、対照と比較して、前記培養物中のCD3+、CD4+およびCD8+T細胞のうちの1つ以上の増加の定量化によって測定される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- T細胞の活性化が、対照と比較して、前記培養物中に存在するT細胞におけるIFN-γ(IFNG)、パーフォリン1(PRF1)、グランザイムB(GZMB)、IL2、IL21、IL10、IL25、CD38、CD25のうちの1つ以上の発現を判定することによって測定される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法により誘導されるインビトロ(in vitro)オルガノイド培養。
- 哺乳類組織に対する効果について候補薬剤をスクリーニングするための方法であって、
候補薬剤を請求項15に記載のオルガノイド培養物と接触させ、セリアック病の特徴である薬剤の効果を判定することを含む、方法。 - 前記判定することは、請求項10~14のいずれか一項に記載のステップを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 個体におけるセリアック病活性の存在またはセリアック病の素因を判定するための方法であって、
前記個体から小腸組織試料を得ること、
請求項2~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法で組織を培養すること、および、
請求項9~14のいずれか一項に記載のセリアック病の特徴の存在を判定すること
を含み、
対照と比較した特徴応答の存在は、個体がセリアック病に罹患しているかまたはセリアック病の素因を有するかを判定する、
方法。
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