JP2022528996A - T細胞遺伝子発現の非ウイルス性改変 - Google Patents
T細胞遺伝子発現の非ウイルス性改変 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2019年4月15日に提出された米国仮出願第62/833,993号、2019年6月13日に提出された同第62/861,220号、及び2019年10月19日に提出された同第62/923,525号からの優先権を主張する。
開示される本主題は全体として、核酸の、生きている細胞、具体的には生きているTリンパ球(T細胞)への、その生存率を維持しながらの送達に関する。
治療目的のために遺伝子発現を変化させることは、脂質ナノ粒子(LNP)中の核酸を細胞に送達することによって達成することができる。外来性mRNAは、in vivoタンパク質発現を発生させる手段としての見込みを有し、ウイルスベクターではなくLNPによって送達される場合、ウイルス性送達が引き起こす副作用及び安全性問題を回避する。
ヒト全血由来の初代T細胞の単離及び増大
別段の指摘がない限り、全ての試薬はSTEMCELL Technologies社、Vancouver、Canadaから購入した。また、別段の指摘がない限り、全ての生物学的製剤はヒト由来又はヒト特異的である。
血液を健康なヒトドナーから採取し、抗凝固薬のACDAと組み合わせた。汎T細胞ネガティブセレクションキットであるEasySep(商標)ヒトT細胞直接単離キットを使用して、CD4+T細胞とCD8+T細胞の両方を単離した。細胞を、IL-2を補充したImmunoCult-XF(商標)T細胞増大培地に維持した。単離の当日、細胞を、三重活性化物質であるImmunoCult(商標)Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T Cell Activatorを用いて活性化した。
血液を健康なヒトドナーから採取し、抗凝固薬のACDAと組み合わせた。PBMC懸濁液を、Lymphoprep(商標)密度勾配遠心分離を使用して調製した。次いで、T細胞を、EasySep(商標)ヒトCD3ポジティブセレクションキットIIを使用してPBMC懸濁液からポジティブセレクションした。細胞はIL-2を発現した。単離の当日、細胞を、三重活性化物質であるImmunoCult(商標)Human CD3/CD28/CD2 T Cell Activatorを用いて活性化した。
健康なヒトドナーから採取した血液を抗凝固薬のACDAと組み合わせた。汎T細胞ネガティブセレクションキットであるEasySep(商標)ヒトT細胞直接単離キットを使用して、CD4+T細胞とCD8+T細胞の両方を単離した。細胞を、CryoStor(登録商標)CS10を使用して凍結保存し、液体窒素中で保管した。解凍時に、細胞を、ヒト組換えIL2(Peprotech社)を補充したImmunoCult-XF(商標)T細胞増大培地に維持した。解凍の当日、細胞を、以下の実施例に示すように二重又は三重活性化物質のいずれかを用いて活性化した。
T細胞懸濁液を完全T細胞培地(ThermoFisher社)において106細胞/mlに希釈し、細胞を、T細胞培地1mL当たり25μlのImmunoCult(商標)Human CD3/CD28 (dual) T Cell Activator(商標)又はImmunocult(商標)Human CD3/CD28/CD2 (triple) T Cell Activator(商標)のいずれかを添加することによって活性化した。細胞成長を、拡大下での毎日の細胞計数によってモニタリングした。細胞を、完全T細胞培地を用いて希釈して、約106細胞/mLの濃度を維持した。約5、6、又は7日目に、T細胞は対数増殖期に入り、急速な増大が生じた。図1は10日にわたるT細胞増大応答を例証する。
脂質ミックス組成物溶液を、個々の脂質原料からの処方された量の脂質(Table 1(表1)を参照のこと)をエタノール中で組み合わせることによって、エタノール中で調製した。脂質は、Avanti Polar Lipids社若しくはSigma社のいずれかから購入したか、又は受託合成した。脂質ミックスの成分は以下の通りであった。
T細胞を上の方法に記載したネガティブセレクションプロトコル又はポジティブセレクションプロトコルのいずれかによって加工し、7日目に、細胞500,000個当たり2μgのmRNAの用量のN/P10のmRNAを配合するCT10、CT22、及びS11脂質ミックス組成物を用いて処理した。T細胞を処理の48時間後にフローサイトメトリーによって遺伝子発現に関して分析した。本発明者らは、LNAPトランスフェクションの成功がT細胞単離プロセスの影響を実質的に受けないことを見出したが、ネガティブセレクションを使用することにおけるわずかな利点を観察した(図6)。
T細胞の3種類の単離物を単一ドナーから得て、3つの群:汎T細胞(全てT細胞)、CD4+T細胞単独、及びCD8+T細胞単独に分けた。脂質粒子mRNA曝露の48時間後、処理T細胞を、細胞懸濁液を予め標識した1.5mLチューブに移すことによって回収し、300×g、摂氏4度で10分間遠心分離した。上清を除去し、ペレットをPBSに再懸濁した。0.5ulの量のBD Horizon(商標)Fixable Viability Stain 575V(商標)(BD Biosciences社)を添加し、混合物を暗所にてRTで10分間インキュベートした。細胞を以前のように再び遠心分離し、次いで1mLの染色緩衝液(BSA、BD Pharminigen社)を用いて2回洗浄し、洗浄ペレットを100μlのBSA中に入れた。以下の抗体を各チューブの処理細胞に2μlの容量において添加した:抗CD25、抗CD8、抗CD4、(PerCP-Cy5.5マウス抗ヒトCD25、BV786マウス抗ヒトCD8クローンRPA-T8、及びAPC-Cy(商標)7マウス抗ヒトCD4クローンSK3、全てBD Pharmingen社製)。補正目的のために、GFPのみの試料及び生存率対照では抗体を添加せず、単一染色補正チューブでは1種類のみの抗体を添加した。
研究を行って、種々の成分の脂質ミックス組成物を試験した。概略を述べると、T細胞を、ネガティブセレクション手順を使用してヒト末梢血細胞から単離した。単離の当日、細胞を、三重活性化物質を用いて活性化した。図8は、活性化7日後に細胞500,000個当たり2μgのmRNAの用量のBOCHD-C3-DMA中eGFP mRNA(N/P 10)LNPを用いて48時間処理した生 CD4+/CD8+T細胞におけるGFPタンパク質相対発現量を示す棒グラフである。脂質ミックスCT22成分比を使用したが、構造脂質はDOPE又はDSPCのいずれかであった。
トランスフェクトされたT細胞におけるGFP発現量を上述の実施例4と同様にアッセイした。図9は、10Mol%(S11、CT7)又は20Mol%(CT10、CT22)のいずれかのDSPCを含有する4種類の異なる脂質ミックス組成物に関する、活性化され、トランスフェクトされたT細胞におけるGFP発現量を示す棒グラフである。試験組成物において20Mol%のDSPCは10%比のDSPCよりも有意に良好であり、GFP発現の量において20~30パーセントの差が2つの比の間で見られた。
初代T細胞のヒト全血からの単離及び活性化/増大を上述の一般的手順と同様に実施した。単離T細胞を活性化3日後に配合したmRNAに曝露し、T細胞成長曲線において、この時点は対数増殖期直前又は対数増殖期に対応する。LNPに封入した125ngの用量のCleanCap(商標)EGFP(Trilink Biotechnologies社、San Diego、CA)mRNA(下記の詳細を参照のこと)を1μg/mLの組換えヒトApoE4(「ApoE」)(Peprotech Inc.社、Montreal、Canada)を含有する0.25mLの完全T細胞培地において約125,000個のT細胞に添加した。
T細胞を感受性の対数期中に核酸含有脂質組成物ミックスを用いて処理することによって発揮されるT細胞生存率に対する効果を検討した。以前の実施例と同様に活性化したT細胞を対数増殖期中に処理した。処理後のT細胞生存率を図12の棒グラフに示す。脂質ミックスA、S10、S11、CT10、CT7、及びCT22は、「無処理」対照と比較して、T細胞生存率に対する負の効果を有しなかった。示していない別個の研究において、本発明者らは、Transfectamine(商標)実験試薬が同等の用量においてこれらの細胞に対してより毒性であったことを見出した。
CT10組成物における脂質BOCHD-C3-DMA又はMC3を含有するN/P 10のmRNA-LNPによって媒介された、上に記載した方法に従って調製した単離初代ヒトT細胞におけるGFP発現量をアッセイした。トランスフェクション効率及び幾何平均蛍光強度(MFI)をLNAP添加の48時間後にフローサイトメトリーによって測定した。T細胞に、活性化3又は7日後のいずれかに、細胞125,000個当たり125又は500ngの封入mRNA LNPを投与し、GFPアッセイの結果を図13に示す。アッセイは、2つの投薬量並びに2種類の異なるイオン化可能な脂質(BOCHD-C3-DMA及びMC3)における、CT10組成物LNAPの活性化期前又は後のT細胞にトランスフェクトする能力を実証する。生T細胞におけるGFPパーセント及びGFP MFIを示し、これらは3日目のLNP添加の方がわずかに高い。T細胞の生存率は、3及び6つ目の棒グラフ(生存率)において、処理に関わらず高いままであることに留意されたい。
15名の異なるドナーから単離したT細胞はCT10媒介eGFP mRNAを用いた処理後にGFPを発現することができた。図14に示すこの研究の結果は、多くのドナーのT細胞にトランスフェクトすることにおける一貫した成功を実証する。更に別の研究では、業界標準のMC3を6名の異なる患者においてBOCHD-C3-DMAと比較した。図15に示すように、ドナー間のばらつきという点から見て、2種類の異なるイオン化可能な脂質の間に実質的な差は存在しないようであった。このことは、一貫した結果がヒト患者において予期され得ることを意味する。
CT10組成物を用いたBOCHD-C3-DMAを含有するN/P 8のmRNA-LNPによって媒介された単離初代ヒトT細胞におけるGFP発現量を図16に示す。トランスフェクション効率、生存率、及びGFP MFIをLNP添加の48時間後にフローサイトメトリーによって測定した。T細胞を、ネガティブ単離手順(EasySep(商標)ヒトT細胞単離キット、Stemcell Technologies社)を使用して全血から単離した。単離したT細胞の一部分をImmunocultヒトT細胞増大培地に直ちに入れ、Immunocult(商標)Human CD3/CD28/CD2 Activator(Stemcell社)を使用して活性化した。細胞のこの部分に関して、LNPに封入した125ngのmRNAを活性化3日後に、ウェル1つ当たり125,000個の細胞に添加した。その間に、単離したT細胞の他の部分を液体窒素において凍結保存した。凍結保存したT細胞を解凍し、ImmunoCult(商標)Human CD3/CD28/CD2 Activatorを使用して直ちに活性化したか、又はImmunoCult T細胞増大培地に24時間静止させた後に活性化した。T細胞に、活性化3又は4日後のいずれかに、細胞125,000個当たり125ngの封入mRNAを含有するmRNA-LNPを投与した。図16に示すように、凍結保存後のT細胞トランスフェクションの効率において実質的な低下は存在しない。予め凍結保存したT細胞では、活性化後3日目ではなく4日目に処理することによる改善が存在する。
CT10組成物を用いたBOCHDを含有するN/P 4~12のmRNA-LNPによって媒介された単離初代ヒトT細胞におけるトランスフェクション効率、生存率、及びGFP MFIを、LNP添加の48時間後にフローサイトメトリーによって測定した。簡潔に述べると、初代ヒトT細胞を、ネガティブセレクションプロトコルを使用して新鮮全血から単離し、三重活性化物質を使用して活性化した。T細胞に、活性化3日後又は7日後のいずれかに、細胞125,000個当たり125ng又は500ngの封入mRNAを含有するmRNA-LNPを投与した。試験の結果を図17に示す。MFIはN/Pが8以上である全ての場合に増加する。トランスフェクション効率もまたN/P 8以上において増加した。
T細胞を単離し、上の方法に記載した三重活性化プロトコルを使用して活性化した。活性化3日後にT細胞に曝露した様々な用量のmRNA-LNPによって媒介されたGFP発現量を図18に示す。LNAPはCT10組成物と共にイオン化可能な脂質としてBOCHD-C3-DMAを含有し、mRNAはN/P 8において配合した。試験された最低用量の封入mRNA、すなわち細胞500,000個当たり62.5ngのmRNAでさえ80%のGFP+細胞を伴う効率的なトランスフェクションを媒介したことが見出された。用量を増加することは、トランスフェクション効率をわずかに増加し、GFP MFIを大きく増加する。これらの結果は、LNP媒介トランスフェクションがT細胞集団全体にわたって等しく行われ、発現レベルがLNAPの容量添加を用いて容易に調整可能であることを示す。
Quantikine(登録商標)IVDヒトEpo ELISA二重抗体サンドイッチアッセイを使用して、in vitroにおけるmRNA送達及び活性を実証した。試薬はQuantikine社、Minneapolis、MNから得た。アッセイをQuantikine(登録商標)IVD(登録商標)ELISAヒトエリスロポエチン免疫アッセイプロトコルREF DEP00添付文書に指示されているように実施した。簡潔に述べると、初代ヒトT細胞を、ネガティブセレクションプロトコルを使用して新鮮全血から単離し、三重活性化物質を使用して活性化した。活性化7日後に、細胞を、細胞500,000個当たり2μgのmRNAのEPOをコードするN/P 10のmRNA LNPを用いて処理した。mRNA LNPを用いた処理の48時間後、T細胞を細胞質EPOのために回収及び溶解し、培地上清を分泌されたEPOのために試料採取した。Quantikine(登録商標)ヒト血清対照を使用した。結果を図20にmIU/mL単位で示す。
ネガティブセレクションプロトコルを使用して新鮮ヒト全血から予め単離した凍結ヒトT細胞を解凍し、以前に記載したように三重活性化物質を使用して活性化した。活性化7日後に、T細胞に細胞500,000個当たり2μgのmRNAのELISA(R&D Systems社)によって決定される組換えヒトエリスロポエチン(EPO)をコードするN/P 10のCT10製剤化mRNA LNPを投与した。mRNA LNPを用いた処理の48時間後、T細胞を細胞質EPOのために回収及び溶解し、培地上清を分泌されたEPOのために試料採取した。結果を図21に示す。CT10及びCT22組成物を用いて作製したLNPは本出願において脂質ミックスA組成物LNPよりも性能が優れている。BOCHD-C3-DMAを用いて作製したLNPがMC3 LNPよりも高いレベルの分泌されたEPOを生じたことも見出された。
Claims (22)
- 核酸をT細胞にトランスフェクトすることにおける使用のための、核酸と会合する脂質粒子を形成するための脂質ミックス組成物であって、約40~50Mol%のイオン化可能な脂質、約10~20Mol%のDSPC、約35~40Mol%のステロール、及び約0.1~3Mol%の安定剤を含む、脂質ミックス組成物。
- 前記トランスフェクトすることがex vivo又はin vitroにおいて行われる、請求項1に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- 前記安定剤がポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテルである、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- 前記安定剤がポリソルベート80である、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- 前記安定剤がポリオキシエチレン(20)ステアリルエーテルである、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- 前記安定剤がD-α-トコフェロールポリエチレングリコール1000コハク酸エステルである、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- イオン化可能な脂質がアミノ脂質である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- アミノ脂質が、BOCHD-C3-DMA、Dlin-MC3-DMA、DODMA、及びDLin-KC2-DMAからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- イオン化可能な脂質がC12-200である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- イオン化可能な脂質が40Mol%であり、構造脂質が20Mol%のDSPCであり、ステロールが37~40Mol%であり、安定剤が0.5Mol%~2.5Mol%であり、安定剤が、2.5Mol%のポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテル、1.5Mol%のポリソルベート80、0.5Mol%のTPGS1000、2.5Mol%のTPGS、及び2.5Mol%のポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテルから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- イオン化可能な脂質が50Mol%であり、構造脂質が10Mol%のDSPCであり、ステロールが37~40Mol%であり、安定剤が約0.5Mol%~2.5Mol%であり、安定剤が、2.5Mol%のポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテル、1.5Mol%のポリソルベート80、0.5Mol%のTPGS1000、2.5Mol%のTPGS、及び2.5Mol%のポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテルから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- N/P比が4~12である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- N/P比が8~10である、請求項12に記載の脂質ミックス組成物。
- T細胞をin vitroにおいて処理する方法であって、T細胞を体液から単離する工程、及び前記細胞を請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の脂質ミックス組成物に封入された核酸治療薬と接触させる工程を含む、方法。
- 接触が行われるとき、T細胞が、T細胞活性化によって開始される対数増殖期にある、請求項14に記載の方法。
- T細胞が、活性化後の対数増殖期をちょうど開始するところである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- T細胞が、活性化後の対数増殖期の終了時点にある、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 接触が活性化後3日目~7日目に行われる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 接触が活性化後4日目に行われる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- T細胞が予め凍結保存されている、請求項14に記載の方法。
- CD25陽性集団が70%超である場合に接触が行われる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 他の哺乳動物細胞の分化を介して取得されるT細胞を処理し、前記細胞を請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の脂質ミックス組成物に封入された核酸治療薬と接触させる方法。
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