JP2022518146A - 環状一本鎖dnaを用いた標的化されたゲノム改変 - Google Patents
環状一本鎖dnaを用いた標的化されたゲノム改変 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、標的化されたゲノム改変のためのドナーテンプレートとして、環状一本鎖DNA(CiSSD)を使用することに関するものである。
配列表は、本明細書と同時に、EFS-Web経由でASCII形式のテキストファイルとしてEFS-Webによって提出される。ファイル名は2020-0 l-03_Sequence-Listing_ST25-1319048001W01.txt、作成日は2020年1月3日、サイズは1キロバイトである。EFS-Webによって提出された配列表は明細書の一部でり、参照によって本明細書にその全体は組み込まれる。
一本鎖(ss)デオキシリボ核酸(DNA)は、CRISPR型ゲノム編集において標的化されたゲノム改変のためのドナーテンプレートとして、二本鎖(ds)DNAより効果的であることが近年示されている1-8。具体的に、ssDNAテンプレートは、いくつかの重要な点特徴、すなわち改善された効率性、向上した特異性、減少した細胞毒性の点で、二本鎖テンプレートよりも優れている7。これらの研究で使用されるssDNAテンプレートは、インビトロで作製された線状一本鎖DNA(LiSSD)であり1、これは本質的にエラーを起こしやすく、非効率的かつ高価であり、また2kb未満の短いDNA配列を運ぶのに限定される。
本方法は、以下の工程:(a)DNAインサート、5’ホモロジーアーム、3’ホモロジーアームを有するCiSSDを細胞に導入し、ここで、5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームは細胞内のゲノムDNA標的領域のポリヌクレオチドと相補的であり、(b)細胞内のゲノムDNA標的領域にヌクレオチドの切断を誘導し、(c)CiSSDの5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームを、標的領域の相補的なポリヌクレオチドとハイブリダイズさせ、(d)ゲノムDNAの標的領域にDNAインサートを挿入し、それによって1以上の遺伝が作製される、を含む。
ドナーとしてCiSSDを用いる本発明は、優れた特異性、低い細胞毒性、および低いオフターゲット効果を有する。CiSSDテンプレートは、迅速性、信頼性、費用対効果、拡張性、調整可能で、およびクローン性のある方法を用いて作製することができる。
CiSSD作製のための1つの方法を実施例1に示す。CiSSDは一般的に以下のように作製される。ドナーインサートを構築してファージミドベクターにクローニングした後16、E.Coli株でクローン性および分子スクリーニングのために増殖させ19、ヘルパープラスミドの存在下で組換えCiSSDとして産生し17,20、単利したファージ粒子を抽出してドナーテンプレートとして精製した9。使用され得るE.Coli株は、XLl-BlueおよびDH11Sを含むが、F線毛を持つ他のE.Coli株も使用可能である。DH1ISは、M13を慢性感染中ほとんど溶菌しないため、他の菌株に比べてM13調製物中の細菌ゲノム汚染量を低減する21。
目的は、CiSSDがLiSSDよりも優れたDNAドナーテンプレートとして機能することを証明することであった。概念実証として、RAB11AのN末端にGFP融合をもたらすドナーテンプレートを既述の通り使用した7。このドナーテンプレートは、306bpの左ホモロジーアーム、GFPコーディング配列、および315bpの右ホモロジーアームから構成された。DNA二重鎖切断を誘導するために、5’-GGTAGTCGTACTCGTCGTCG-3’(配列番号1)、次いでプロトスペーサー隣接モチーフ(PAM)配列および2つの核局在化シグナル(2NLS)を有するストレプトコッカス・ピオゲネスCas9タンパク質を標的化するsgRNA購入した(Synthego,USA)。モデル生物として、挿入効率および細胞生存性を試験するために293FT細胞を使用した。ドナーテンプレートをポリメラーゼサイクリングアセンブリによって合成し、ヴベクターにクローン化した。CiSSDを、PCR増幅二本鎖DNAからDNAの一本鎖を酵素的に消化して製造した。先ず、線状二本鎖DNAを、フォワードプライマー(GGTAGCTAGGAGTTCCAGGAC)(配列番号2)およびリバースプライマー(/5Phos/ACGATGTGGGAGAAGGCAGTC)(配列番号3)とともに、Q5(登録商標)High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase(NEB,USA)を用いるPCRによって増幅した。リン酸化された鎖をGuide-it(商標)Long ssDNA Production System(Takara,USA)で分解し、線状の一本鎖DNAを形成した。最後に、CiSSDを、対象の配列およびを単一のM13複製起点をコードするM13ファージから抽出した。要するに、対象の配列を2つの野生型M13の複製起点の間でベクターにクローニングした。その後、CRIMシステムを用いてE.coli XLl-Blueゲノムのicd遺伝子に統合し35,36、M13パッケージングシグナルを欠くM13ヘルパープラスミドを形質転換した。得られたE.coliは、対象の配列および単一のM13複製起点をコードするM13ファージのクローン集団を産生した。これを2xYT培地で、37℃で一晩インキュベートし、Ml3ファージから環状一本鎖のM13ファージゲノムを前述の方法で精製した16。エタノール沈殿で精製したMl3ファージゲノムを、293FTへのトランスフェクションのために、H2Oに溶解した。293FTにおけるCiSSDとLiSSDとの比較のために、Neonトランスフェクションシステム(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)を使用した。293FT細胞を、10%FBS添加のDMEMで維持し、37℃、5%CO2でインキュベートした。293FT細胞をトリプシン処理し、同量のPBSで1回洗浄した。その後、細胞をRバッファー(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)に再懸濁した。エレクトロポレーションごとに、12.5pmolの精製したCas9および50pmolのsgRNAを5μLのRバッファー中で、10分間、室温で混合した。sgRNAを含まないCas9については、sgRNAを同量のTEバッファー(10mM Tris-HCl,1mM EDTA)に置き換えた。その後、DNAドナーテンプレートおよび150,000個の293FT細胞を含む5μLのRバッファーと混合し、以下のパラメータ:1150V/20ms/2パルスを用いてエレクトロポレーションを行った。エレクトロポレーションされた細胞を、24ウェルプレート中、予め温めておいた10%FBS添加のDMEM 1mLに播種した。4日後、200μLトリプシンで細胞をトリプシン化し、10%FBS添加のフェノールレッドなしのDMEM 600μLを加えて安定化させた。400μLの細胞懸濁液をPBSで1回洗浄し、ReadyProbes(商標)Cell Viability Imaging Kit、Blue/Red(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)で生細胞および死細胞を染色した後、BD Accuri(商標)C6 Flow Cytometerを用いてフローサイトメトリーで解析した。ドナーテンプレートが正しく統合された細胞のみがGFP-RABl1A融合タンパク質を産生するので、GFP陽性細胞の割合を測定することによって、DNAドナーテンプレートの効率を算出した。各サンプルのGFP陽性細胞からGFPの強度の幾何平均を測定した。実際、CiSSD+Cas9+gRNAは、LiSSD+Cas9+gRNAよりも高い効率を示し(図1)、CiSSD+Cas9+gRNAは、LiSSD+Cas9+gRNAよりも有意に強い強度を示した(図2)。生存率を測定するために、各サンプルの細胞の総数をCountess II FL Automated Cell Counter(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)で測定した。フローサイトメトリーのデータから、ReadyProbes(商標)Cell Viability Imaging Kit,Blue/Red(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)で決定した生細胞をカウントすることにより、生細胞の割合を決定した。次に、Countess IIFL Automated Cell Counterでカウントした細胞の総数に、フローサイトメトリーで測定した生存率を乗じて、各サンプルの生細胞の総数を決定した。最後に、生細胞の総数を「エレクトロポレーションなし」のサンプルで正規化し、図3に示す生存率を算出した。CiSSD+Cas9+gRNAおよびLiSSD+Cas9+gRNAの生存率は同程度であったが、dsDNA(プラスミドDNA)+Cas9+gRNAよりも有意に高い生存率を有する。
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Claims (16)
- 1つまたは複数の遺伝子改変細胞を作製する方法であって、以下:
DNAインサート、5’ホモロジーアーム、および3’ホモロジーアームを有する環状一本鎖DNA(CiSSD)を細胞に導入する工程であって、前記5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームが、前記細胞内ゲノムDNAの標的領域のポリヌクレオチドに相補的である、工程;
前記細胞内ゲノムDNAの標的領域にヌクレオチド切断を誘導する工程;
CiSSDの5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームを、前記ゲノムDNAの標的領域内の前記相補的ポリヌクレオチドとハイブリダイズさせる工程;および
前記ゲノムDNAの標的領域に前記DNAインサートを挿入する工程、
を含み、これにより、1つ以上の遺伝子改変細胞が作製される、方法。 - 前記DNAインサートを有する1つ以上の細胞を選択することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ヌクレオチド切断が二本鎖ヌクレオチド切断である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ヌクレオチド切断が、Casヌクレアーゼ、亜鉛フィンガーヌクレアーゼ、メガヌクレアーゼ、またはTALENヌクレアーゼの部位特異的ヌクレアーゼによって誘導される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CiSSDが、イニシエーター配列およびターミネーター配列をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞がT細胞またはナチュラルキラー細胞である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記DNAインサートがキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をコードする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子改変細胞がCAR改変T細胞である、請求項7項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子改変細胞がCAR改変ナチュラルキラー細胞である、請求項7項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子改変細胞が非ヒト胚性幹細胞である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記インサートが約2kB~20kBである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記インサートが約2kB~10kBである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記インサートが約1.6kB~5kBである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームが、それぞれ、約50ヌクレオチド~3000ヌクレオチド長である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記5’ホモロジーアームおよび3’ホモロジーアームが、それぞれ、約300~500ヌクレオチド長である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 疾患、障害、または状態の治療を必要とする対象における疾患、障害、または状態を治療するための方法で、請求項1に記載の1つ以上の遺伝子改変細胞を、それを必要とする前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
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