JP2022500640A - High pressure processing pressure sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

For example, a pressure sensor and its use to visually determine if a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved during the high pressure processing of foodstuffs. The pressure sensor includes a stored color change system with a dye, a color developer, and a solvent, and when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved, the dye and the color developer interact and a visible color. Bring change. In addition, visible color changes can be retained when the pressure drops and when the temperature rises, thereby effectively recording the achievement of preselected pressure thresholds during the high pressure machining process. ..

Description

This International Patent Cooperation Treaty patent application is a continuation of patent application No. 16 / 129,669, which is not a provisional patent application filed on September 12, 2018, and the above application is referred to herein. Incorporated by the specification.

I. Disclosure of the Invention A broad object of a particular embodiment of the invention includes a stored color change system having a dye, a color developer, and a solvent, whereby the color developer is dyed according to the pressure of the color change system. It may be to provide a pressure sensor that interacts variably with. When the pressure threshold is achieved, the dye and color developer interact to result in a visible color change. In addition, visible color changes can be retained when the pressure drops and when the temperature rises, thereby effectively recording the achievement of the pressure threshold.

Another broad object of a particular embodiment of the invention is (i) to visually determine whether a pressure threshold has been achieved during high pressure processing of a food product, or (ii) a food product. A method of using a pressure sensor to indicate the achievement of a pressure threshold during a high pressure machining process may be to provide a method comprising reliably coupling the pressure sensor to a food product. Further, the method may include subjecting the food to a high pressure processing process, although not necessarily essential. Further, the method may include, but is not necessarily required, to detect whether or not a visible color change has occurred. For a particular embodiment, detecting whether or not a visible color change has occurred may include visually observing the pressure sensor.

Another broad object of a particular embodiment of the invention is a stored color change system with a dye, a color developer, and a solvent, whereby the color developer, according to the pressure of the color change system, with the dye. It is possible to provide a container component including a pressure sensor that interacts variably. When the pressure threshold is achieved, the dye and color developer interact to result in a visible color change. In addition, visible color changes can be retained when the pressure drops and when the temperature rises, thereby effectively recording the achievement of the pressure threshold.

Of course, further object of the invention is disclosed throughout the rest of the specification, drawings, photographs, and claims.
II. A brief description of the drawing

FIG. 1A shows that the pressure sensor's discoloration system is not subject to visible color change and is reliably coupled to groceries because it is prior to HPP treatment and, correspondingly, to exposure to a preselected pressure threshold. It is an illustration of a specific embodiment of the present pressure sensor made.

FIG. 1B shows the pressure sensor's discoloration system undergoing a visible color change when subjected to HPP treatment and correspondingly when exposed to a preselected pressure threshold, FIG. 1A. It is an illustration of a specific embodiment of this pressure sensor shown in.

FIG. 1C is an illustration of a particular embodiment of the pressure sensor shown in FIG. 1B, where the pressure sensor discoloration system retains a visible color change even after decompression to atmospheric pressure after HPP treatment. be.

FIG. 2A shows the dye and color developer not complexed as it is prior to the HPP treatment and, correspondingly, to the exposure to the preselected pressure threshold, and thus the discoloration system of the pressure sensor is visible. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view according to a specific embodiment of this pressure sensor that is securely coupled to a food product without undergoing a specific color change.

FIG. 2B shows that when HPP treated and correspondingly exposed to a preselected pressure threshold, achievement of the preselected pressure threshold results in a visible color change. Illustrates a particular embodiment of the pressure sensor shown in FIG. 2A, which facilitates the formation of a visually colored dye-developer complex.

FIG. 2C shows that the visually colored dye-developer complex remains stable and thus continues to provide a visible color change even after decompression to atmospheric pressure after HPP treatment. , A particular embodiment of the pressure sensor shown in FIG. 2B is illustrated.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of the hysteresis characteristics of a particular embodiment of the Thermochromic discoloration system having color memory characteristics.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of experimental results obtained after subjecting five pressure sensor samples to HPP treatment with different preselected pressure thresholds.

III. Mods for Carrying Out the Invention From this, mainly FIGS. 1A to 1C will be referred to. These are methods of using a particular embodiment of the pressure sensor (1) to visually determine if a pressure threshold has been achieved or to indicate the achievement of a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor (1). 1) illustrates a method comprising a stored discoloration system (2) comprising a dye (3), a color developer (4), and a solvent (5). The color developer (4) variably interacts with the dye (3) according to the pressure of the color change system (2), whereby the dye (3) and the dye (3) and when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved. The color developer (4) interacts to result in a visible color change (6) that can be detected or visually observed.

From this, reference is mainly made to FIGS. 2A to 2C. More specifically with respect to the above, a visually colored dye-developer complex (a visually colored dye-developer complex) in which the interaction between the dye (3) and the color developer (4) can be detected or visually observed. It results in the formation of 7) and indicates that the preselected pressure threshold has been achieved.

Therefore, the method of use may include detecting, for example, whether or not a visible color change has occurred, by visually observing the pressure sensor (1). Here, the visual detection of the visible color change (6) resulting from the formation of the visually colored dye-developer complex (7) achieved a preselected pressure threshold. Is shown. Conversely, the visual detection of the absence of a visible color change (6), which means that no visible change occurred, indicates that the preselected pressure threshold was not achieved. ..

High Pressure Processing This pressure sensor (1) detects and signals that a desired pressure, called a preselected pressure threshold, has been achieved in a container (8) such as a food processing container (8). Can be particularly useful. In a particularly desirable application, the container (8) is a pressurized container (8) used in high pressure processing (HPP) methods to reduce the threat posed by microbial contamination of food (9).

The HPP food processing method is well known and explained by others. Although HPP methods have been shown to be effective in increasing the microbial safety of processed foods (9), these methods have been used for HPP-treated foods (9) and related packaging. However, it has the serious drawback that it often has the same appearance before and after the HPP treatment. Foodstuffs that may not be safe for consumption due to HPP equipment failure or improper operation, but have the appearance of HPP-treated foodstuffs (9) even though they have not been so treated. (9) may be produced. Therefore, a person who stores or uses untreated food (9) may fail to understand the microbial risk present in food (9), resulting in serious illness, injury or death. there is a possibility. For this reason, in order to ensure that the HPP processing status of the food product (9) is accurately monitored, strict attention is often paid to the transportation control of the product in the HPP method. Such transport control methods impose significant labor and cost, yet it may not be possible to ensure that appropriate pollution reduction methods are used. All that is required is (i) to accompany food (9) throughout the HPP processing regimen (ie, so that the indicator receives the same treatment as food (9)), and (ii) food (9). ) And the indicator that can indicate whether the preselected pressure threshold has been achieved in the container (8) that houses the indicator. The present disclosure provides such an indicator configured as a pressure sensor (1), and a method of using the pressure sensor (1), which ensures that the pressure sensor (1) is a grocery product (9) subject to HPP treatment. Can be combined with.

Several methods are known to ensure that the indicating device is coupled to the food product (9) to be processed (eg, the device and food product (9) are placed on top of each other, against each other, or from each other. Adhere, tie, bundle, attach, wrap, pack, mix, alternate, or co-wrap with each other or on common racks, packages, pallets, etc. against them or with them. Devices and mechanisms for), used to ensure that the pressure sensor (1) described herein is coupled to one or more food products (9) for co-processing by HPP processing. can do.

Advantageously, the pressure sensors (1) and methods described herein are such that the foodstuff (9) subjected to the HPP treatment is subjected to a preselected pressure threshold. It provides a convenient, preferably direct visual indicator or confirmation. This relatively simple confirmation means reduces the need for cumbersome and expensive methods that provide transport control for the HPP processed food product (9) and can prevent unintentional avoidance of the HPP processing. ..

Definitions As used herein, the term "sensor" means a composition or device that detects or measures a stimulus and reacts to it in a particular way.

As used herein, the term "stored" means that the dye (3), the developer (4), and the solvent (5) are continuously and physically close together. This indicates that the interaction between these compounds is possible. In addition, by being stowed, the discoloration system (2) is isolated from the external environment which may damage or destroy the discoloration system (2).

As used herein, the term "preselected" means predetermined or pre-determined.

As used herein, the term "threshold" means that a particular phenomenon must be obtained or exceeded in order to occur or appear.

As used herein, the term "dye" is an optic that can be identified by the human eye by reacting with a color-changing chemical, such as the chromogen (4). It means a color former that can form a dye-color developer complex (7) that exhibits characteristics.

As used herein, the term "color developer" is a dye-color developer complex that reacts with the dye (3) and exhibits optical properties that can be discerned by the human eye. It means a chemical substance capable of forming 7). The term "color developer" may be synonymous with "color developer", both of which mean a chemical substance that promotes a color change of the dye (3).

As used herein, the term "solvent" is not always required, but may be synonymous with phase change material, where the phase change material is simply one phase. As defined herein as a substance that changes from one to another.

As used herein, the term "food" is a commodity, which is consumable (including edible or drinkable) or useful as a material for making a consumable item or article. It means an item or an article. Non-limiting examples of foodstuffs (9) include fruits, juices, vegetables, grains, flours, milks, yogurts, sweetened beverages, meats, processed foods, medicines, and the like.

As used herein, the term "detecting" and its form means discovering or confirming its presence.

Two objects, such as a food product (9) and a pressure sensor (1), which are subjected to the HPP treatment, have a bond between the two objects even if the securely bonded objects are subjected to the HPP treatment. It is "reliably combined" when it can be expected that it will not be destroyed. Non-limiting examples of such secure coupling include adhering one object to another, connecting two objects together, storing both objects in a container, and one object. Printing (eg, a pressure sensor (1) configured as printing ink) onto a packaging material or container used to store the other object (eg, grocery (9)), 1 Attaching one object (eg, pressure sensor (1)) to a packaging material or container used to store the other object (eg, grocery (9)), and one object (eg, eg). The pressure sensor (1)) may be laminated on a portion of the packaging material used to enclose the other object (eg, food (9)).

Pressure Sensor-Food As As mentioned above, the present disclosure provides a pressure sensor (1) for use with one or more groceries (9) in the HPP method.

In an important embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an assembly for indicating the achievement of a preselected pressure threshold in the HPP method for processing food (9), wherein the assembly is from FIG. 1A. As shown in 2C, it includes a food product (9) that is securely coupled to the pressure sensor (1) described herein.

HPP equipment typically uses working fluids, most commonly water. Such equipment generally includes a pressure chamber such as a grocery product (9) or a container (8) on which the assembly can be placed. After loading (ie, placing the grocery (9) or the assembly in the container (8)), the container (8) is filled with the working fluid and the container (8) is static with respect to the working fluid. It is pressurized by applying water pressure (eg, from about 29,000 psi to about 145,000 psi, more typically from about 29,000 psi to about 87,000 psi).

The pressure in the working fluid in the vessel (8) is uniform throughout the working fluid, and the working fluid in the HPP device in operation completely surrounds the grocery (9) or the assembly. The hydrostatic pressure in (8) is applied isotropically to the food (9) or the assembly (ie, no particular direction is greater than the other). Unless the grocery product (9) or the assembly contains a compressible substance (eg, a gas such as a bubble, as water and other fluids tend to be substantially incompressible at HPP pressure), the grocery product (9) or The shape of the assembly tends to remain unchanged (although some microscopic changes may occur, such as denaturation of proteins in food (9)). In addition, the food product (9), which does not contain a portion capable of withstanding deformation at the preselected pressure threshold, will also transmit pressure within the food product (9), resulting in the container (8). The hydrostatic pressure applied is generated throughout the processed food product (9) or the assembly.

Maintenance of food (9) at a preselected pressure threshold is for microorganisms (eg, bacteria, molds, yeasts, parasites, or the like) that may be present on or within food (9). ) Causes damage. Despite the exact nature of the damage, microorganisms subjected to HPP treatment appear to replicate and metabolize at substantially lower rates than non-HPP treated microorganisms. This effect is the main basis for the desirability of HPP processing of food (9).

Pressure sensor To summarize again briefly, and as shown in FIGS. 1A-2C, the pressure sensor (1), which can take the form of a composition or device, is a dye (3), a color developer ( 4), and a stored color change system (2), including the solvent (5). The color developer (4) variably interacts with the dye (3) according to the pressure of the color change system (2), whereby the dye (3) and the dye (3) and when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved. The color developer (4) interacts to result in a visible color change (6) that can be detected or visually observed.

Dyes and Coloring Agents The discoloration system (2) may be a reversible discoloration system, in which visible color changes are in contrast to irreversible or permanent color changes. It means that it may be reversible.

Thus, for a particular embodiment, the dye (3) of the discoloration system (2) can reversibly change between the two forms, one of which is typically colorless or substantial. It may contain leuco dye (3), which is colorless in nature.

For the purposes of illustration, only a few non-limiting examples include leuco dye (3), crystal violet lactone (CAS number: 1552-42-7), Pigment Blue 63 (CAS number: 16521-38-). 3) 2'-(dibenzylamino) -6'-(diethylamino) fluorane (CAS No .: 34372-72-0), or the like.

For certain embodiments, the leuco dye (3) may be an electron donating compound (or proton accepting compound). Further, the color developer (4) may contain an electron accepting compound (or a proton donating compound) such as an acid, and particularly a weak acid. When an interaction (specifically, an electron transfer reaction) occurs between the electron-donating leuco dye (3) and the electron-accepting color developer (4), the leuco dye (3) becomes colorless or substantially, for example. The color is reversibly changed from a colorless state to a visually colored state.

For the purposes of illustration only, to a few non-limiting examples, the developer (4) is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (CAS No .: 1020-31-1), 4,4. It may be'-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene) diphenol (CAS number: 1020-31-1), 2,2'-biphenol (CAS number: 1806-29-7), or the like. ..

Without being bound by any particular principle of operation, within this discoloration system (2), when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved, the color developer (4) is subjected to an electron transfer reaction. , A supramolecular, visually colored dye by reversibly interacting with the leuco dye (3) to open the lactone ring of the leuco dye (3) and stabilize its open structure- It is believed that the color developer complex (7) is formed and the visible color change (6) may be due to this. When open, the lactone ring is cationic in nature, thereby extending its π-electron conjugation and allowing absorption of the visible spectrum, a visually colored dye-developer complex. The body (7) is brought. Here, the stability of the visually colored dye-developer complex (7) is determined, at least in part, by the affinity of the developer (4) for the leuco dye (3).

Solvent The color change system (2) further comprises a solvent (5) that provides or controls a reversible interaction between the leuco dye (3) and the developer (4).

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) that may be useful for the discoloration system (2) is (i) a solvent (5) in which both the dye (3) and the color developer (4) are soluble. Often, (ii) may be stored, for example, in a capsule or microcapsule (10), together with the dye (3) and the developer (4), to provide the corresponding encapsulation or microencapsulation discoloration system (11). It may be a solvent (5) that can be used. When stored in capsules or microcapsules (10), the solvent (5) may promote the interaction between the leuco dye (3) and the color developer (4).

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be a hydrocarbon.

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be a ketone.

For certain embodiments, the ketone may have Formula I as follows.

For certain embodiments, the ketone may have formula I, in which R'and R'' may be the same or different, and R'and R'' may be (i). ) Linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, (ii) linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl group, (iii) linear, branched or cyclic alkynyl group, (iv) aryl It may be a group, or (v) a heteroaryl group, where any of these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted.

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be an ester.
For certain embodiments, the ester may have Formula II as follows.

For certain embodiments, the ester may have formula II, in which R'and R'' may be the same or different, and R'and R'' may be (i). ) Linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, (ii) linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl group, (iii) linear, branched or cyclic alkynyl group, (iv) aryl It may be a group, or (v) a heteroaryl group, where any of these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted.

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be alcohol.

For certain embodiments, the alcohol may be an aliphatic alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, or a combination thereof.

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be a single compound.

For other specific embodiments, the solvent (5) may be a mixture of two or more compounds. For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) may be a mixture of two or more of the exemplary solvents (5) described above.

Without being bound by any particular principle of operation, within this discoloration system (2), the color developer (4) also interacts with the solvent (5) to form a solvent-color developer complex. It is believed that it can be formed. Here, this interaction is determined, at least in part, by the affinity of the developer (4) for the solvent (5).

Therefore, it can be assumed that the visible color change (6) may be related to the competition between the leuco dye (3) and the solvent (5) for complex formation with the color developer (4). can. Here, the color developer (4) forms a complex with a molecule (s) or plural with which it has a greater affinity.

Once a complex is formed, it must be stable until sufficient energy is applied to the system to destabilize the complex, thereby dissociating the components of the complex. Should be understood.

For this pressure sensor (1), at pressures below or below the preselected pressure threshold, eg atmospheric pressure, the color developer (4) is more in the solvent (5) than in the leuco dye (3). It may have a greater affinity for it, and therefore the solvent-coloring agent complex may be preferred over the visually colored dye-coloring agent complex (7). Thus, the color developer (4) is prevented from interacting with the leuco dye (3) to produce a visible color change, and correspondingly, the lactone ring is closed and the leuco dye (3). ) Is colorless or substantially colorless at pressures below or below the preselected pressure threshold.

Conversely, when the preselected pressure threshold is achieved, the color developer (4) has greater affinity for the leuco dye (3) than for the solvent (5) and is therefore visible. The dye-coloring agent complex (7) colored in is formed and stabilized to produce a visible color change (6).

Color memory As described above, the color change system (2) may be susceptible to pressure-controlled color changes. In addition, the discoloration system (2) may have color memory properties, where a dye-developer complex that is visually colored when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved (2). Even after 7) is formed, the visually colored dye-developer complex (7) has a preselected pressure from a preselected pressure threshold, including, for example, atmospheric pressure. It remains stable when the pressure drops below or below the threshold, and therefore the visible color change (6) is below or below the preselected pressure threshold. But it can be retained. Correspondingly, the pressure sensor (1) can effectively record the achievement of the preselected pressure threshold, which can only indicate the current pressure and the pressure indicator will be relative to the current pressure. In contrast to traditional pressure indicators, which cannot indicate the pressure that was exposed before being exposed.

In addition to being susceptible to pressure-controlled color changes, the color change system (2) may be sensitive to temperature-controlled color changes (thermochromic color change system). 2) may be used.

For certain embodiments, the thermochromic discoloration system (2) may be a reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2), where the temperature-controlled color change is irreversible or permanent. It may be reversible as opposed to a typical color change.

The reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may have color memory properties, where a dye-color developer composite that is visually colored when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved. Even after the body (7) has been formed, the visually colored dye-color former complex (7) has (i) when the pressure drops from a preselected pressure threshold and (ii) the temperature. It remains stable as it rises, and therefore the visible color change (6) can be preserved. Correspondingly, the pressure sensor (1) can effectively record the achievement of the preselected pressure threshold even when the temperature rises.

The color memory properties of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) are at least partially pressure sensitive and can be imparted by a solvent (5) whose volume condenses as pressure increases. Without being bound by any particular principle of operation, an increase in pressure is believed to alter the color temperature of the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2). For example, as the pressure increases, the coloration temperature of the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) increases correspondingly.

Therefore, the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may include a coloration temperature at which the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) changes from a substantially colorless state to a visually colored state. .. Further, the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may include a decolorization temperature at which the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) changes from a visually colored state to a substantially colorless state.

Surprisingly, the color and bleaching temperatures of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may be different, which means that the bleaching temperature may be discrete from the bleaching temperature. .. For example, the color development temperature may be lower than the bleaching temperature.

As a result, the color memory characteristics of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) are the visible color changes when the temperature rises from the color-developing temperature to a temperature above or above the color-developing temperature. Retention can be promoted. In addition, the color memory characteristics of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) were visually colored when the temperature rose from the color development temperature to a temperature above or above the color development temperature. It is possible to promote the maintenance of the state.

For certain embodiments, the bleaching temperature may differ from the bleaching temperature by at least about 10 Celsius degrees, which means that the bleaching temperature can exceed the bleaching temperature by at least about 10 Celsius degrees.

For certain embodiments, the bleaching temperature is at least about 5 Celsius, at least about 10 Celsius, at least about 15 Celsius, at least about 20 Celsius, at least about 25 Celsius, and at least about 30 Celsius. Degrees, at least about 35 Celsius, at least about 40 Celsius, at least about 45 Celsius, at least about 50 Celsius, at least about 55 Celsius, at least about 60 Celsius, at least about 65 Celsius, at least about 70 Celsius, A group comprising or consisting of at least about 75 Celsius, at least about 80 Celsius, at least about 85 Celsius, at least about 90 Celsius, at least about 95 Celsius, at least about 100 Celsius, and more than about 100 Celsius. It may be different by at least one selected from.

For certain embodiments, the coloration temperature may be associated with the freezing point of the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2). Therefore, the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) includes (i) a freezing point where the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) changes from a substantially colorless state to a visually colored state. good. Further, the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may include a melting point at which the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) changes from a visually colored state to a substantially colorless state.

Surprisingly, the freezing points and melting points of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) may be different, which means that the freezing points may be discrete from the melting point. For example, the freezing point may be below the melting point.

As a result, the color memory characteristics of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) facilitate the retention of visible color changes when the temperature rises from the freezing point to above or above the freezing point. be able to. In addition, the color memory characteristics of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) retain the visually colored state when the temperature rises from the freezing point to above or above the freezing point. Can be promoted.

For certain embodiments, the freezing point may differ from the melting point by at least about 10 Celsius degrees, which means that the melting point can exceed the freezing point by at least about 10 Celsius degrees.

For certain embodiments, the freezing point is that the melting point is at least about 5 Celsius, at least about 10 Celsius, at least about 15 Celsius, at least about 20 Celsius, at least about 25 Celsius, at least about 30 Celsius, at least. About 35 Celsius, at least about 40 Celsius, at least about 45 Celsius, at least about 50 Celsius, at least about 55 Celsius, at least about 60 Celsius, at least about 65 Celsius, at least about 70 Celsius, at least about 75 Selected from the group comprising or consisting of Celsius degrees, at least about 80 Celsius degrees, at least about 85 Celsius degrees, at least about 90 Celsius degrees, at least about 95 Celsius degrees, at least about 100 Celsius degrees, and at least about 100 Celsius degrees. It may be different by at least one.

From this, mainly refer to FIG. The hysteresis characteristics of a particular embodiment of this reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) with color memory characteristics can be explained by illustrating the dependence of color density on temperature, as described above. As you can see, the color development temperature of the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) can be changed by pressure, and in particular, it is immediately recognized here that the color development temperature increases as the pressure increases.

Again, primarily with reference to FIG. 3, the y-axis indicates color density and the x-axis indicates temperature. The color density of the reversible thermochromic discoloration system (2) changes with temperature along the curve in the direction indicated by the arrow. Point A indicates the color density at _{the maximum temperature T 1} for achieving a fully colored state _{(here, T 1} is the complete color development temperature). Point B indicates the color density at _{the maximum temperature T 2} for maintaining the completely colored state _{(here, T 2} is the decolorization start temperature). Point C indicates the color density at _{the lowest temperature T 3} to achieve a completely bleached or colorless state _{(where T 3} is the completely bleached temperature). The point D indicates the color density at _{the minimum temperature T 4} for maintaining the completely bleached state or the colorless state _{(here, T 4} is the color starting temperature).

Again, primarily with reference to FIG. 3, both fully colored and completely bleached or colorless states _{can exist between T 2} and T ₄ , but the retained state is. It depends on what was previously achieved. For example, if a fully colored condition is first achieved when exposed to _{T 1} , the fully colored condition is exposed to a temperature equal to or greater than _{T 2.} Will be retained until. Alternatively, if a completely bleached or colorless state is first achieved upon exposure to _{T 3} , the completely bleached or colorless state is equal to or equal to _{T 4.} It will be retained until it is exposed to lower temperatures.

For certain embodiments, the colored, bleached or colorless state is about 5 Celsius to about 100 Celsius from the temperature at which the colored, bleached or colorless state was achieved. Can be retained when exposed to temperatures between degrees. In other words, the length of the line segment EF shown in FIG. 3, which represents the degree of hysteresis, or the width of the hysteresis range, or the width of the temperature range indicating the hysteresis window ΔH, is from about 5 Celsius to about 100 Celsius. It can be in the range between.

In one example relating merely illustrative HPP, the pre-selected pressure threshold is reached, thermochromic color change system (2) receives a visible color change (6) may be fully colored with T _1. The fully colored state can then be retained when the pressure drops, for example when the pressure drops to atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, visibly colored dye - developer complex (7), to continue remain stable until it reaches the temperature T _2, completely colored state can also be retained when heated ..

For certain embodiments, T ₁ may be at a temperature below about 20 ° C., although not necessarily required. For example, T ₁ may be at a temperature between about −30 ° C. and about 20 ° C., although not necessarily required.

For certain embodiments, T ₂ may be at temperatures above about 30 ° C., although not necessarily required. For example, T ₂ may be at a temperature between about 30 ° C and about 90 ° C, although not necessarily required.

Phase-changing material For a particular embodiment, the solvent (5) changes between a liquid phase (or a substantial liquid phase) and a solid phase (or a substantial solid phase) according to the pressure of the discoloration system (2). It may be a phase change substance.

For certain embodiments, the solvent (5) can change from a liquid phase to a solid phase when a preselected pressure threshold is achieved.

For certain embodiments, the solid phase of the solvent (5) can facilitate or enable the interaction between the leuco dye (3) and the color developer (4), where it is visually colored. The dye-coloring agent complex (7) produced can be a crystallized structure having an extended conjugation of its π electrons. Thus, when the preselected pressure threshold is achieved, a visually colored dye-developer complex (7) is formed and a visible color change that can be detected or visually observed. (6) is brought about.

In contrast, the liquid phase of the solvent (5), which may be present at pressures below or below the preselected pressure threshold, is mutual between the leuco dye (3) and the color developer (4). It may interfere with the action and make the leuco dye (3) colorless or substantially colorless.

Notably, due to the color memory properties of the color change system (2), the visually colored dye-color developer complex (7) is still visible even after the preselected pressure threshold has been achieved. The solvent (5) can remain stable even in the liquid phase (eg, when the pressure drops) until the temperature T _{2 is reached.} This puts enough energy into the system that only temperatures equal to or higher than temperature T _{2 destabilize the visually colored dye-developer complex (7).} To do.

Microcapsules As mentioned above, the discoloration system (2) is housed in which the dye (3), the developer (4), and the solvent (5) are in continuous, physical proximity. This means that interaction between these compounds is possible. In addition, by being stowed, the discoloration system (2) is isolated from the external environment which may damage or destroy the discoloration system (2).

From this, reference is mainly made to FIGS. 2A to 2C. For certain embodiments, the discoloration system (2) may be encapsulated within capsules or microcapsules (10) to provide the corresponding encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11), where the capsules are used. Alternatively, the microcapsules (10) can have diameters ranging from about 300 nanometers to about 100 microns, depending on the embodiment.

The capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12), which forms a capsule or microcapsule (10) around the discoloration system (2), is one of a number of diverse polymers, such as melamine formaldehyde resin (CAS number: 9003-08). -01), polyurethane resin (CAS number: 9009-54-5), acrylic resin, or the like.

Notably, the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) does not need to break or rupture due to the visible color change (6). This is in stark contrast to traditional pressure instruction systems, which require the capsule or microcapsule walls (12) to rupture or rupture due to the occurrence of visible color changes (6). .. For example, a conventional pressure indicator system may include a color former and a color developer, at least one of which is encapsulated to separate it from the other, thereby the color former and the color developer. Prevents color developer from interacting. Thus, the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) is physically close to the color former and the color developer, which allows the interaction between these compounds and a visible color change (6). Must be broken or ruptured so that can be brought about. For example, when a capsule or microcapsule ruptures or ruptures, the color former is released from it and contacts and reacts with the color developer to form a visually detectable colored product.

In other words, for the sake of importance, because the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) containing the discoloration system (2) forms a visually colored dye-developer complex (7), and also. Correspondingly, it is not required or required to rupture or rupture in order for the visible color change (6) to occur.

For certain embodiments, the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) may be required not to break or rupture due to the occurrence of a visible color change (6). In other words, the visible color change (6) is when the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) remains intact and thereby functions to contain the color change system (2). Can only occur.

Notably, the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12) containing the discoloration system (2) breaks to form a visually colored dye-developer complex (7). Visible color change (6) is not necessary, regardless of whether the pressure applied to the encapsulated or microencapsulated color change system (11) is isotropic or anisotropic. appear. This is another significant difference between the pressure sensor (1) and a conventional pressure indicator that typically changes color only when anisotropic pressure is applied.

The properties of the capsule wall or microcapsule wall (12), such as its composition, rigidity, flexibility, wall thickness, size (corresponding to the diameter of the capsule or microcapsule), etc. It can be selected to result in an encapsulated or microencapsulated color change system (11) that visually changes color at a preselected pressure threshold that can be selected according to the particular situation, including.

For certain embodiments of the coating pressure sensor (1), the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be incorporated into the coating (13). In just an exemplary example, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be incorporated into the ink (14).

For certain embodiments, the ink (14) can be selected from the group comprising or consisting of flexographic printing inks, gravure inks, offset inks, and screen inks. The ink (14) may be water-based, solvent-based, UV-curable, wet, dry, or a combination thereof, depending on the intended use.

For the purposes of illustration only, to a few non-limiting examples, the ink (14) may include an acrylic solvent, an acrylic emulsion, a sulfonated polyester, or the like.

For certain embodiments, the ink (14) is for print application on substrate (15), eg, for printing on substrate (15) configured as a packaging material designed for HPP. It may be specially formulated.

Substrate For a particular embodiment of the pressure sensor (1), the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) is coupled to a substrate (15) which can be formed from any of a large number of diverse materials. May be done. As a non-limiting example, the substrate (15) may include thermoplastic materials, thermosetting materials, plastics, epoxies, metals, papers, paper products, and wood.

For certain embodiments, the substrate (15) may be flexible, but not necessarily required, which can be relatively easily bent, eg, manually or by hand. It means that there is. This is in contrast to rigid materials, which cannot be easily bent or bent without breaking. Of course, with respect to a particular embodiment, the substrate (15) may be rigid without departing from the scope and gist of the present invention.

In addition, for certain embodiments, the pressure sensor (1) is not necessarily required, but a cover covering the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) coupled to the substrate (15). (16) may be further included and therefore an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be disposed between the substrate (15) and the cover (16).

The cover (16) is provided for aesthetic reasons, or, for example, through direct contact between the element of the pressure sensor (1) and the food (9), or through common contact with the working fluid of the HPP method. If it is desirable to prevent contact, it may be used for safety reasons. In some cases, encapsulation or microencapsulation by housing the pressure sensor (1) inside a material that is substantially impermeable to the working fluid, such as a waterproof or water resistant material. It may be desirable to prevent contact between the discoloration system (11) or the pressure sensor (1) and the working fluid.

The exact shape and three-dimensional structure of the substrate (15) and cover (16) are not of utmost importance. However, some embodiments can be applied to easier manufacturing and assembly. For example, in one embodiment, the substrate (15) and the cover (16) have the form of a sheet (ie, the substrate (15) and the cover (16) are two sheets that are adjacent to each other and face each other. Consists of). The substrate (15) and the cover (16) may have approximately the same thickness or different thicknesses, eg, plastics each having a thickness of about 2 to 50 mils. It may be a film.

The material from which each of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) is made should be sufficient for the substrate (15) to support the encapsulating or microencapsulating discoloration system (11) and the cover. It is not substantially important except that (16) should be sufficient to cover the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11). As an example, each of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) may be a polyester film having a thickness of about 2 to 10 mils. Preferably, at least one of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) is transparent.

At least one of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) has, for example, a visible color change (6) associated with the formation of a visually colored dye-developer complex (7). It may have an inspection section adapted to allow detection by visual observation of the pressure sensor (1) (ie, disassembly of the pressure sensor (1) is not required). Alternatively, the pressure sensor (1) may be disassembled to determine if a visually colored dye-developer complex (7) has been formed. For certain embodiments, at least one of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) has a visible color change (7) associated with the formation of a visually colored dye-developer complex (7). 6) is sufficiently transparent or translucent so that it can be detected by direct visual observation of the inspector.

For certain embodiments, one or both of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) may act as a packaging material or package, or a component thereof, for storing the food (9). The substrate (15), cover (16), or both may be an integral part of the packaging material (ie, because it has a single structure with the packaging material, the substrate (15) or cover (16). Removal can compromise the integrity of the packaging material and its ability to separate its interior from the external environment). Alternatively, the substrate (15), cover (16), or both may be separate from the packaging material (eg, tearable, removable, or removable).

If only one of the substrate (15) and the cover (16) is part of the packaging material, then the pressure sensor (1) device is preferably a capsule if the packaging material is intact. It can be configured so that fluid communication does not occur between the chemical or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) and the cavity of the packaging material that stores the food (9). In such a configuration, the capsule or microcapsule (10), or the discoloration system (2) housed in the capsule or microcapsule (10), contacts the food product (9) packaged in the packaging material. Reduce the chances of this happening.

For certain embodiments, the capsule or microcapsule (10) containing the discoloration system (2) binds directly to the substrate (15), to the cover (16), or to both. It may be attached or may be attached by a binder.

Alternatively, with respect to other particular embodiments, the capsule or microcapsule (10) containing the discoloration system (2) is held in close proximity to the substrate (15) or cover (16), but is not necessarily any of them. It does not have to be bound to the surface of the.

Container Component as Substrate For certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) is directed against a substrate (15) configured as a container container component capable of storing food (9). May be connected.

For certain embodiments, the container component may include at least one thermoplastic material such as a thermoplastic polymer or a thermoplastic resin, or may be formed from at least one thermoplastic material. Thus, the container component may include at least one thermoplastic material and an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may include at least one thermosetting material such as a thermosetting polymer, a thermosetting resin, or a thermosetting plastic, or from at least one thermosetting material. It may be formed. Thus, the container component may include at least one thermosetting material and an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the thermoplastic and / or thermosetting material may include materials that can be processed below about 232 ° C (about 450 ° F). As just a few examples, thermoplastic and / or thermocurable materials are low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP, OPP, BOPP). , Polystyrene (PS), Impact Resistant Polystyrene (HIPS), Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyurethane (PU), Silicone (PDMS), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyethylene It may include terephthalate (PET), crystalline polystyrene, epoxy, epoxy resin, and polyepoxide, or combinations thereof.

For certain embodiments, the container component may include an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) mixed with at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or may be mixed with at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may include an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) incorporated into at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or may be incorporated into at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may include an encapsulation or microencapsulation discoloration system (11) integrated with at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or may be integrated with at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may include an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) suspended in at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or rest on at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from a turbid encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may comprise an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) suspended substantially uniformly in at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) suspended substantially uniformly in at least a portion.

For certain embodiments, the container component may comprise an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) embedded in at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or embedded in at least a portion of the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11).

For certain embodiments, the container component may include an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) that is substantially uniformly embedded in at least a portion of the thermoplastic material, or at least the thermoplastic material. It may be formed from an encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) that is substantially uniformly embedded in a portion.

In contrast to the above, for certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be applied to the outer surface of the container component.

For certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be printed on the outer surface of the container component.

For certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be incorporated into the ink printed on the outer surface of the container component.

For certain embodiments, the container component may be configured as a closure such as a cap or lid.

With respect to the manufacture and formation of container components, thermoplastic materials are formed into container components according to known methods for manufacturing plastic products, including but not limited to injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion molding. You may.

In addition, with respect to the manufacture of container components, including encapsulation or microencapsulation discoloration systems (11) and mixtures of thermoplastic materials, encapsulation or microencapsulation discoloration systems (11) are two or more. It may be incorporated into the container component according to a known method for producing a plastic product containing an ingredient. For certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be incorporated as a masterbatch or mixed (mixed) or mixed (admixed) with a thermoplastic material prior to the formation of the container component. Alternatively, it may be integrated.

The amount of encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) incorporated into the container component may not be particularly limited as long as the desired thermochromic effect can be achieved. For certain embodiments, the encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration system (11) may be present in the container component in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by weight, based on the weight of the container component. ..

Range of Preselected Pressure Thresholds The stored dye (3) and color developer (4) of the discoloration system (2) can be any of a number of preselected and diverse pressure thresholds, depending on the application. When achieved, they can interact to form a visually colored dye-developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). For example, the preselected pressure threshold may range from at least about 10,000 psi to about 100,000 psi.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 10,000 psi or at least about 10,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 10,000 psi or at least about 10,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 10,000 psi or at least about 10,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 20,000 psi or at least about 20,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 20,000 psi or at least about 20,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 20,000 psi or at least about 20,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 30,000 psi or at least about 30,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 30,000 psi or at least about 30,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 30,000 psi or at least about 30,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 40,000 psi or at least about 40,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 40,000 psi or at least about 40,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 40,000 psi or at least about 40,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 50,000 psi or at least about 50,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 50,000 psi or at least about 50,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 50,000 psi or at least about 50,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 60,000 psi or at least about 60,000 psi, correspondingly to exposure to a pressure of about 60,000 psi or at least about 60,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 60,000 psi or at least about 60,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 70,000 psi or at least about 70,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 70,000 psi or at least about 70,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 70,000 psi or at least about 70,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 80,000 psi or at least about 80,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 80,000 psi or at least about 80,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 80,000 psi or at least about 80,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 90,000 psi or at least about 90,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 90,000 psi or at least about 90,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 90,000 psi or at least about 90,000 psi. Can be done.

For certain embodiments, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 100,000 psi or at least about 100,000 psi, correspondingly exposed to a pressure of about 100,000 psi or at least about 100,000 psi. When so, the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6). Bringing, thereby indicating that the pressure sensor (1) and any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely attached is exposed to a pressure of about 100,000 psi or at least about 100,000 psi. Can be done.

In a non-limiting example, the preselected pressure threshold may be about 87,000 psi, correspondingly when exposed to a pressure of about 87,000 psi, the dye (3) and the manifestation. The colorants (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-developer complex (7), resulting in a visible color change (6), thereby the pressure sensor (1). And any foodstuff (9) to which it is securely bound can be shown to be exposed to a pressure of at least about 87,000 psi.

For a particular embodiment, the pressure sensor (1) may include a plurality of sets of encapsulated or microencapsulated discoloration systems (11), where each set is the color visible to which it reacts. It has a characteristic preselected pressure threshold that results in change (6).

In just an exemplary example, the first set of encapsulating or microencapsulating color change systems (11) is a visible color change (6) at a relatively low preselected pressure threshold (eg, 15,000 psi). A second set of encapsulating or microencapsulating discoloration systems (11) may result in a visible color change (6) at a relatively high preselected pressure threshold (eg, 87,000 psi). It may result, where the first set and the second set may contain the same or different dyes within them.

To the last, in the second exemplary example, a plurality of sets of encapsulating or microencapsulating discoloration systems (11), each of which reacts to produce a visible color change (6). Multiple sets with different preselected pressure thresholds, eg, by sequentially arranging those sets in order of increasing preselected pressure thresholds, and their association of color development of those sets. Indicia that correlates with the preselected pressure thresholds may be disposed on or within the pressure sensor (1) in an arrangement that facilitates observation of their color development.

Additional Indicators For certain embodiments, the pressure sensor (1) can combine the pressure sensing functionality of the pressure sensor (1) with (eg) temperature sensing functionality or humidity sensing functionality. Other indicators associated with it (eg, temperature indicators or humidity sensors) may be included.

Use of Pressure Sensor This pressure sensor (1) shall be used, for example, in a way to visually determine if a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved during the HPP process of food (9). Can be done. The pressure sensor (1) can also be used, for example, in a way to indicate or confirm the achievement of a preselected pressure threshold during the HPP process of the food product (9).

Each method involves ensuring that the pressure sensor (1) is coupled to the food product (9). Further, each method may include, but is not necessarily required, subjecting the food product (9) and the tightly coupled pressure sensor (1) to HPP processing. Furthermore, each method may include, but is not necessarily required, to detect whether or not a visible color change (6) has occurred. Detecting whether or not a visible color change (6) has occurred for a particular embodiment may include visually observing the pressure sensor (1).

Thus, for example, detection of visible color change (6) by visual observation may indicate that a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved during the HPP process. In contrast, detection of the absence of visible color change (6), for example by visual observation, may indicate that the preselected pressure threshold was not achieved during the HPP process.

The pressure sensor (1) may be reliably coupled to a single food product (9), a single package, a plurality of food products (9), or a plurality of packages. The method of reliably coupling the pressure sensor (1) and the food (9) is not crucial and, in effect, the pressure sensor (1) and the food (s) (s) (s) during the HPP process. Any binding method that results in retaining the binding in 9) can be used.

As a non-limiting example, the pressure sensor (1) may simply be placed unfixed in the container (8) used for HPP treatment, until dissociation is desired. ) And may be left there. However, typically, it is preferred that the pressure sensor (1) remain bound to the food product (9) after the HPP treatment. To achieve this goal, the pressure sensor (1) and the food product (9) can be coupled in any way using any device typically used in the food processing industry. As a non-limiting example, the pressure sensor (1) is for groceries (9), packaging materials or packages, or for groceries (9), containers or racks that contain packaging materials or packages. It can be glued, glued, tied, or attached separately.

The pressure sensor (1) may be co-packaged with the food (9), or the food (9) cannot be removed from the package or container without removing or breaking the pressure sensor (1). It may be used to seal a package or container containing food (9). Similarly, the pressure sensor (1) may be part of a package used for commercial transportation, display, or sale of food (9), or may be housed therein. .. As a non-limiting example, the pressure sensor (1) may be sandwiched between two layers of flexible plastic film used to seal food (9) for retail sale. In such an arrangement, the pressure sensor (1) is preferably sealed in a compartment that is separate (and does not communicate with it) from the compartment in which the food (9) is sealed.

By securely coupling the pressure sensor (1) and the food (9), the information displayed by the pressure sensor (1) (ie, whether the preselected pressure threshold was achieved during the HPP process) is With respect to the HPP processing status of grocery (9), to the downstream users of grocery (9) (ie, food processing plant workers, retailers, or customers), which remain associated with grocery (9). You can be notified.

(Example 1)
Hereinafter, the subject matter of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the following examples. This embodiment is provided for purposes of illustration only, and the subject matter is not limited to this embodiment, but rather includes all variants that become apparent as a result of the teachings provided herein. Please note.

A particular embodiment of the pressure sensor (1) described herein is to visually determine if a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved during the HPP process, or during the HPP process. A pressure sensor (1) was developed and tested in a model HPP system to test whether it could be used to indicate the achievement of a preselected pressure threshold.

The pressure sensor (1) has the color memory characteristics as described above, and is 7- [4- (diethylamino) -2-ethoxyphenyl] -7- (1) as a dye at about 5 to 10% w / w. -Ethyl-2-methylindole-3-yl) Phenol [3,4-b] Pyridine-5-one (CAS number: 69898-40-4), 4 of about 10-20% w / w as a color developer -[2- (4-Hydroxyphenyl) -4-methylpentane-2-yl] phenol (CAS number: 6807-17-6), and dodecanophenone (CAS number) of about 70-85% w / w as a solvent. A microencapsulated thermochromic discoloration system (11), including: 1674-38-0), was included. Here, this microencapsulated thermochromic discoloration system (11) is taught in US Pat. No. 8,883,049, US Pat. No. 9,175,175, and US Pat. No. 9,695,320. Prepared as it is. Each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference herein.

A microencapsulated thermochromic discoloration system (11) was incorporated into an ink containing JONCRYL® 142 (available from BASF) and SURFYNOL® 104 (available from Air Products). The formulation was then printed onto a substrate (15) configured as a polypropylene film to provide a test pressure sensor (1).

Each of the five separate pressure sensors (1) is coupled to the container to result in a pressure sensor-container construct, which is then placed / placed in the container (8) and subjected to HPP processing. did. Here, each of the five separate pressure sensor-container constructs was subjected to different preselected pressure thresholds (as shown in Table 1). It should be noted that the container (8) in which each pressure sensor-container construct was placed / placed had an initial temperature of about 15 ° C. at atmospheric pressure. After each preselected pressure threshold was achieved, the vessel (8) was depressurized and returned to atmospheric pressure, and the effect on each pressure sensor (1) was observed.

The test results are shown in Table 1. Here, no color change was observed at 15,000 psi, but visible color change (6) was observed when 25,000 psi, 35,000 psi, 45,000 psi, and 85,000 psi were achieved. Was done. In addition, FIG. 4 shows (i) no color change in sample 1 and (ii) from colorless or substantially colorless when their respective preselected pressure thresholds are achieved. It is a photograph which shows the visible color change (6) to blue.

From the observations described and shown in this example, for the pressure sensor (1) to visually determine (i) whether a preselected pressure threshold has been achieved during HPP processing, and. (Ii) It was concluded that during the HPP treatment, it is suitable for showing the achievement of the preselected pressure threshold.

Temperature of HPP treatment During the HPP treatment, variable conditions include pressure and temperature. As noted herein, the pressure at which the dye (3) and the color developer (4) interact to form a visually colored dye-color developer complex (7). It should be understood that the preselected pressure threshold of the discoloration system (2) can be adjusted by varying the temperature of the HPP treatment. For example, by increasing the temperature of the HPP treatment, the preselected pressure threshold to which the discoloration system (2) reacts can be increased correspondingly. Conversely, by lowering the temperature of the HPP treatment, the preselected pressure threshold with which the discoloration system (2) reacts can be correspondingly lowered.

Also, during the HPP treatment, an increase in temperature may be observed in addition to the increase in pressure, which is an adiabatic process. For example, during HPP, it can be expected that the adiabatic compression of water will increase the temperature of the system by about 3 Celsius for every 14,500 psi increase in pressure.

Accordingly, the maximum pressure is visibly colored dye - or equal to T ₂ lies in that a sufficient amount of energy to destabilize the developer complex (7) is put into the system, Or care should be taken for the maximum temperature reached in the container (8) during the HPP process to ensure that it does not exceed it.

As can be easily understood from the above, the basic concept of the present invention can be embodied in various ways. The present invention involves a large number and various embodiments of pressure sensors, as well as methods for making and using such pressure sensors.

Accordingly, certain embodiments or elements of the invention disclosed herein or shown in the figures or tables attached to this application are intended to be limited. Rather, it exemplifies the numerous and various embodiments generally inclusive by the present invention, or the equivalents inclusive with respect to any particular element thereof. In addition, the specific description of a single embodiment or element of the invention may not expressly describe all possible embodiments or elements, and many alternatives are available in this article. Implied by the specification and figures.

It should be understood that each element of a device or each step of a method may be described by device terminology or method terminology. Such terms can be substituted where it is desired to express the implicitly broad scope of rights conferred on the invention. It should be understood that, by way of example only, every step of the method may be disclosed as an act, a means for performing the act, or an element that causes the act. Similarly, each element of a device may be disclosed as a physical element, or an act facilitated by that physical element. As an example only, it should be understood that the disclosure of "combination", whether explicitly considered or not, includes the disclosure of the act of "sensing" and, conversely, "sensing". If the disclosure of the act of "doing" is valid, such disclosure should be understood to include the disclosure of the "sensor" and even the disclosure of the "means of sensing". Such alternative terms for each element or step should be understood to be expressly contained herein.

In addition, for each term used, a general dictionary as contained in the Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition, as long as the use of those terms in this application does not contradict such an interpretation. It should be understood that the definition of is included herein with respect to each term, and each definition is incorporated herein by reference.

All numbers herein are assumed to be modified by the term "about", whether explicitly stated or not. For the purposes of the present invention, the range may be expressed as one "about" specific value to another "about" specific value. When such a range is represented, another embodiment includes from one particular value to the other. The enumeration of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numerical values included within that range. The numerical range from 1 to 5 includes, for example, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, and other numerical values. It will be further understood that each endpoint of the range is important in relation to the other endpoint, as well as being independent of the other endpoint. It will be appreciated that if a value is expressed as an approximation by using the antecedent "about", then that particular value forms another embodiment. The term "about" generally refers to a range of numbers that can be considered by one of ordinary skill in the art to be equal to or have the same function or result as the numbers listed. Similarly, the antecedent "substantially" also means, but not all, the same form, style, or degree, to the extent that a particular element can be considered by one of ordinary skill in the art to have the same function or result. Will have a configuration. It will be appreciated that if a particular element is represented as an approximation by using the antecedent "substantially", then that particular element forms another embodiment.

Also, for the purposes of the present invention, the term "one (a)" or "one (an)" entity refers to one or more such entities, unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, the terms "one (a)" or "one (an)", "one or more", and "at least one" may be used interchangeably herein.

Accordingly, Applicants are at least i) the pressure sensors disclosed and described herein, ii) the related methods disclosed and described, iii) each of these devices and methods. Similar, uniform and even implied variants, iv) alternative embodiments such as those that implement each of the functions shown, disclosed, or described, v) shown. Alternative designs and methods, as implied to realize each of the functions and to achieve the disclosed and described functions, vi) the respective features, configurations shown as separate and individual inventions. Elements, and steps, vii) applications enhanced by the various systems or components disclosed, viii) resulting products produced by such systems or components, ix) substantially, It is understood that the method and apparatus described above and with reference to any of the attached examples, x) claim for various combinations and sequences of each of the above-mentioned elements disclosed. It should be.

If present, the background art section of the present application provides a description of the technical field to which the invention relates. This section also covers the subject matter of the claimed invention, which is useful in a particular US patent, patent application, publication, or relevant information, problem or concern about the level of technology covered by the invention. It may be incorporated or include its translation. Any U.S. patents, patent applications, publications, descriptions, or other information cited or incorporated herein is determined, interpreted, or accepted as prior art in this invention. It is not intended to be considered.

If present, the claims set forth herein are incorporated herein by reference as part of the present invention, and the applicant is such inclusive of such claims. Explicitly reserve the right to use all or part of the content in any or all of the claims as an additional explanation to endorse any element or component thereof. Applicants also further define the subject matter for which protection is sought by this application or by any subsequent application, or its continuation, division or partial continuation application, or by patent law, rule or regulation of any country. , Or any part or all of the incorporated content of such claims, or any element or composition thereof, in order to obtain or comply with any benefit of the Convention, and corresponding reductions in fees. We reserve the right to move the element from the present specification to the claims as necessary, and vice versa, and such content incorporated by reference is any subsequent, book. It shall be valid for the entire pending period of the present application, including the continuation, division or partial continuation application of the application, or for the reissue or extension period thereof.

In addition, if present, the claims set forth herein are intended to further illustrate the boundaries and boundaries for a limited number of preferred embodiments of the invention. It should not be construed as the broadest embodiment of the invention or as a complete list of claims of the invention. Applicant does not waive any right to develop any further claims as part of any continuation, division or partial continuation application, or similar application, based on the specification set forth above.

Claims (15)

A pressure sensor for visually determining whether or not a pressure threshold has been achieved.
dye;
Includes color developer; and stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system, including solvent;
Here, the color developer variably interacts with the dye according to the pressure of the color change system;
When the pressure threshold is achieved, the dye and the color developer interact to result in a visible color change;
The reversible thermochromic discoloration system includes a pressure sensor; as well as a color memory property that facilitates retention of the visible color change as pressure drops from the pressure threshold and records the achievement of the pressure threshold; A container component comprising at least one thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component of claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is mixed with at least a portion of the thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component of claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is incorporated into at least a portion of the thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component of claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is integrated with at least a portion of the thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component of claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is suspended in at least a portion of the thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component of claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is embedded in at least a portion of the thermoplastic or thermosetting material. The container component according to claim 1, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is applied to the outer surface of the container component. The container component according to claim 7, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is printed on the outer surface of the container component. The container component according to claim 8, wherein the stored reversible thermochromic discoloration system is incorporated in the ink printed on the outer surface of the container component. The container component according to claim 1, wherein the container component includes a closure. The container component according to claim 10, wherein the container component includes a cap. The container component according to claim 10, wherein the container component includes a lid. The container component according to claim 10, wherein the container component includes a terminal portion. The container component according to claim 1, wherein the container component includes a container body. The container component according to claim 1, wherein the container component includes a part of the container body.

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