JP2022190677A - Operation device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

To optimally operate a storage device and a heat supply device without predicting a load.SOLUTION: An operation device controls a heat storage device and a heat supply device. The operation device comprises: a sensor input device that acquiring, from a sensor, an actual load for which heat is supplied from the heat storage device and the heat supply device, and a heat storage amount; an input device that receives inputs of characteristics of the heat storage device and the heat supply device and a reference load; a calculation device that calculates outputs of the heat storage device and the heat supply device from the actual load, the heat storage amount, the characteristics, and the reference load; and an output device that outputs the calculated result.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to operational devices and methods.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an energy plant is known that supplies heat to a load using a heat storage device and a heat supply device that stores heat (energy) in the heat storage device. For example, heat storage devices include ice heat storage using phase change of water, heat storage tanks for storing hot water and cold water, and the like. The purpose of the conventional operation of the heat storage device and the heat supply device is to suppress load peaks and to suppress the operation of the heat supply device during times when the cost is high. In this case, it is necessary to know the state of the load in the future, and as a technology for that purpose, a method of controlling based on prediction of the load is known (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2020-115062 A

However, in order to predict the load, it is necessary to input factors that affect the prediction of the load, such as weather conditions and the operational status of the factory, and to accumulate past results of the load. requires an expensive system including a database.

When operating the heat storage device and the heat supply device without predicting the load, the operation is performed according to a predetermined schedule. However, when there are multiple peaks in cost due to demand response, etc., optimal operation becomes difficult.

Accordingly, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to optimally operate the storage device and the heat supply device without predicting the load.

An operation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is an operation device that controls a heat storage device and a heat supply device, and includes an actual load of heat supplied from the heat storage device and the heat supply device, a heat storage amount, from a sensor; an input device that receives inputs of characteristics of the heat storage device and the heat supply device; a reference load; the actual load; a calculation device for calculating outputs of the heat storage device and the heat supply device from a load; and an output device for outputting the calculated result.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, storage devices and heat supply devices can be optimally operated without predicting the load.

It is a figure showing the whole composition concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a diagram showing a cold water system when ice heat storage is used as a heat storage device and a centrifugal chiller is used as a heat supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a figure which shows the functional block of the operation|use apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 4 is a flow chart of processing for operating a heat storage device and a heat supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention; It is an example of a chilled water load and an electric power cost unit price according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is an example of the reference load, the actual load of the day, and the load correction value of the day according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining heat storage operation during a low-cost/medium-cost period according to an embodiment of the present invention; 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of an operating device according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

<Overall configuration>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the energy plant 1 includes an operation device 10, a heat storage device 21, and a heat supply device 22. The heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 are also collectively called a heat storage system 20 . Each of these will be described below.

The operation device 10 is a device that controls the heat storage system 20 (the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22). Specifically, the operation device 10 can operate the heat storage system 20 (the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 ) based on the performance of the energy plant 1 .

The heat storage device 21 is a device that stores heat (energy). For example, the heat storage device 21 is the ice heat storage described with reference to FIG. Further, for example, the heat storage device 21 is a heat storage tank for storing cold water/hot water and a hot water storage tank for storing hot water. Note that the heat storage device 21 is not limited to these.

The heat supply device 22 is a device that supplies heat to the load. The heat supply device 22 can store heat (energy) in the heat storage device 21 . For example, heat supply device 22 is a refrigerator described with reference to FIG. Further, for example, the heat supply device 22 is a screw refrigerator, an absorption refrigerator, or a heat pump when cold water is stored. Further, for example, the heat supply device 22 is a boiler or a heat pump when hot water is stored. Note that the heat supply device 22 is not limited to these.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cold water system when an ice heat storage device 201 is used as the heat storage device 21 and a turbo chiller 202 is used as the heat supply device 22 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In this example, the operation device 10 controls the heat storage system 20 consisting of the ice heat storage 201 and the centrifugal chiller 202 . The turbo chiller 202 requires a cooling tower 203 for cooling the refrigerant. The turbo chiller 1, the turbo chiller 2, the turbo chiller 3, and the turbo chiller 4 are collectively referred to as a turbo chiller 202. Cooling tower 1, cooling tower 2, cooling tower 3, and cooling tower 4 are collectively referred to as cooling tower 203.

The turbo chiller 202 consumes electric power to cool the brine and store heat in the ice heat storage 201 . At the time of heat dissipation, the turbo chiller 202 is completely stopped or partly started to perform chasing operation, and supply cold water from the ice heat storage 201 to the cold water load. In addition, by passing through a bypass pipe, it is possible to maintain the amount of stored ice and supply the chilled water load. The cold water warmed by the cold water demand is returned to the centrifugal chiller 202 through the return pipe and cooled again.

<<Relationship between load and cost>>
Here, the relationship between load (chilled water load in the example of FIG. 2) and cost (power cost in the example of FIG. 2) will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 5 is an example of cold water load and power cost unit price (for example, divided into high cost, medium cost, and low cost) according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the power cost unit price is set so that the unit price is high in the morning and in the evening. In this case, the cost is highest from 8:00 to 10:00 and from 17:00 to 20:00. A full stop is required. When the heat storage device 21 (in the example of FIG. 2, the ice storage 201) supplies heat at the time of the high cost, if the heat storage amount (in the example of FIG. 2, the ice storage amount) is surplus, the middle cost is 10 Heat dissipation from :00 to 17:00 and 20:00 to 22:00 is an operation with cost advantage.

How much heat can be dissipated in the middle cost range depends on the amount of heat dissipated in the high cost range. I don't know. Therefore, in the conventional method, the turbo chiller 202 is operated in the medium cost range from 10:00 to 17:00 to maintain the amount of ice. As a result, the centrifugal chiller 202 is wastefully operated in the medium cost range.

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention performs heat radiation correction based on the reference load and the actual load as described below.

First, the operation apparatus 10 corrects the current day's load from the reference load and the actual load. FIG. 6 is an example of the reference load, actual load on the day, and load correction value on the day according to one embodiment of the present invention.

The reference load is a load pattern set in advance by the input device 102. For example, an assumed load (usually an assumed maximum load) at the time of thermal design of the plant, a measured maximum load, and the like are set in advance.

The actual load on the day is the actual result obtained by the sensor.

Since the power cost shown in FIG. 5 is medium cost from 10:00, FIG. 6 exemplifies the load correction at the 10:00 stage. Correction is performed using the following formula from the ratio of the reference load and the actual load.

Current load correction (for example, 10:00 to 24:00) [kWh] = Reference load (for example, 10:00 to 24:00) [kWh] x Load ratio (Formula 1)

The load ratio in (Formula 1) may be either the case of using the integrated value up to the point of processing on the current day (Formula 2) or the case of using the latest performance (Formula 3).

Load ratio = Σ Actual load (eg, 0:00 to 10:00) [kWh] ÷ Σ Reference load (eg, 0:00 to 10:00) [kWh] (Formula 2)

Load ratio = Current load [kWh] (eg, 9:30)/Reference load [kWh] (eg, 9:30) (Formula 3)

Second, the operation apparatus 10 calculates the amount of heat dissipation in the high cost zone based on the current load correction amount obtained by (Equation 1). In this example, 8:00 to 10:00 and 17:00 to 20:00 are high cost zones, but since 8:00 to 10:00 in the first half has already passed, Calculate the amount of heat released.

High-cost band heat radiation amount [kWh] = Σ day load correction (for example, 17:00 to 20:00) [kWh] (Equation 4)

Third, the operation device 10 calculates the remaining amount of heat storage (in the example of FIG. 2, In the example, the remaining amount of ice storage) is calculated.

Heat storage amount (ice storage amount) remaining amount [kWh] = Heat storage amount (ice storage amount) latest actual value [kWh] - High cost zone heat release amount [kWh] (Formula 5)

If the remaining amount of stored ice calculated here is negative, it means that with the current amount of stored ice, the amount of ice is insufficient even if heat is released only in the high cost range, so heat release is not performed in the middle cost range. If the remaining amount of stored ice is positive, there is room for heat dissipation in the medium cost range, so heat dissipation processing is started.

<<Heat dissipation operation during low/medium cost hours>>
Perform the following as heat dissipation treatment in the middle cost range. There are several methods for heat dissipation processing, but as an example, a method of allocating heat dissipation with priority given to the previous time will be shown.

As shown in (Equation 6), the remaining heat storage amount (in the example of FIG. 2, the remaining ice storage amount) at time t is sequentially obtained, ) is negative. In this example, t starts at 10:00 and repeats from 10:30 to 11:00.

Heat storage amount (ice storage amount) remaining amount (t) [kWh] = Heat storage amount (ice storage amount) remaining amount (t-1) [kWh] - Load correction for the day (t) [kWh] (Formula 6)

In this way, the time when the remaining amount of stored ice is positive is regarded as heat radiation, so that the stored ice heat can be used effectively.

What kind of heat dissipation method should be adopted in the middle cost range depends on the operation of the facility, but it is conceivable to have the following judgment criteria, for example. Naturally, either method may be used.

(1) Heat is dissipated with priority given to the middle cost range.
As shown in this example, when the high cost band precedes the middle cost band and the refrigerator is often stopped, heat is radiated with priority to the front in order to maintain the stopped state of the refrigerator.

(2) Perform heat dissipation with priority after the middle cost band.
Heat fluctuation is suppressed by continuing heat dissipation from the middle cost range to the high cost range.

(3) Suppress peaks in the middle cost range.
Heat is dissipated so as to suppress heat peaks. Since the peak is calculated using the current day load correction, it is effective when the shape of the reference load substantially matches the current day load.

As for the interval at which the above-mentioned control is performed, if it is performed simply, once a day, in this example, it is performed only once at 10:00. There is a way to do In the case of periodic execution, (Equation 1) may start from 10:00 to 24:00, and change the time from 10:30 to 24:00 and 11:00 to 24:00 at any time. .

<<Heat storage operation during low/medium cost hours>>
In the above (Equation 5), if the heat storage amount (ice storage amount) remaining amount [kWh] is negative, the heat amount (ice amount) will be insufficient even with heat dissipation only in the high cost range, so heat storage operation will be performed. (See FIG. 7).

In the heat storage operation, the minimum time t at which the remaining amount of stored heat (amount of stored ice) becomes positive is determined by the following (Equation 7). "Heat supply device (refrigerator) maximum output [kWh] - day load correction (t) [kWh]" is the surplus power of the heat supply device (refrigerator) at each time, and this surplus power is used for heat storage. (ice storage). However, if the heat storage operation time obtained here is in the high cost zone, the heat storage operation is stopped at that time.

Remaining amount of heat storage (amount of ice stored) (t+1) [kWh] = Remaining amount of heat storage (amount of ice stored) (t) [kWh] + (heat supply device (refrigerator) maximum output [kWh] - day load correction ( t) [kWh]) (Formula 7)

Since such a heat storage (ice storage) operation may not be possible depending on the heat storage (ice storage) equipment, heat storage (ice storage) shall be performed only when the heat storage (ice storage) operation is possible. The following are examples of heat storage (ice storage) operation that cannot be performed.
・When the delivery temperature of the refrigerator is changed, such as minus temperature water supply for ice storage at night and plus temperature water supply for cold water during the day.
- Due to the ice storage method, ice cannot be stored until all the ice is used up once the ice has started to melt.
In such a case, it is necessary to set the characteristics in advance using an input device to disable heat storage (ice storage) during the process.

<<Correction of reference load>>
Up to the above, it is assumed that the set reference load and the actual load pattern are close, but the load pattern changes greatly due to deterioration of the load equipment over time, equipment renewal, changes in production plans, changes in operation plans, etc. I have something to do. In that case, a mechanism for correcting the set reference load is required. An example of correction procedure is shown below.

First, the operation device 10 selects required performance data. Since the operation of the heat storage system 20 is determined, it is effective to use the data at the time of high load as the performance data. There is a method to Alternatively, if the top 10 days with the highest load are to be excluded as special days, a method such as excluding the top 10 days and selecting the top 10% may be used.

Second, the operation device 10 corrects the reference load. In cases such as when the production plan has changed completely, the originally set reference load (hereinafter also referred to as the pre-correction reference load) is meaningless, so the post-correction reference load is created based on the extracted actual data. . On the other hand, if there is little change, such as a slight change in equipment or a slight change in operating hours, it may be better to leave the pre-correction standard load. By simultaneously considering these factors, the post-correction reference load is created. If the number of days m of the extracted actual load is large, the reference load fluctuation before correction is buried in the actual load, so a weight n corresponding to the number of days is added.

Post-correction reference load (t)=(extracted actual load (m, t) + pre-correction reference load (t) x weight n)/(m+n) (Equation 8)

<Functional block>
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing functional blocks of the operation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The operation device 10 includes a sensor input device 101 , an input device 102 , a calculation device 103 and an output device 104 . The operation device 10 also functions as a sensor input device 101, an input device 102, a calculation device 103, and an output device 104 by executing programs. Each of these will be described below.

The sensor input device 101 receives the actual load (actual value of the load measured by the sensor) for which heat is supplied from the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22, and the heat storage amount (the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 21 measured by the sensor). from the sensor. It is assumed that sensors are attached to the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 .

The input device 102 receives inputs of characteristics of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 (for example, heat storage performance and heat supply performance) and a reference load. Specifically, it is assumed that the user inputs the characteristics of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 and the reference load. Then, the input device 102 receives input of the characteristics of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 and the reference load.

The calculation device 103 calculates the output of the heat storage device 21 ( For example, the amount of heat released) and the output of the heat supply device 22 (for example, the amount of heat supplied) are calculated (for example, the output of the heat supply device 22 = characteristic a x power consumption + characteristic b). Also, the computing device 103 can correct the reference load.

The output device 104 outputs the result calculated by the computing device 103 . The heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 can perform heat dissipation processing according to the results calculated by the calculation device 103 .

<Method>
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of processing for operating a heat storage device and a heat supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In step 1 ( S<b>1 ), the sensor input device 101 acquires results measured by the sensors of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 . Specifically, the sensor input device 101 acquires from the sensor the actual load for which heat is supplied from the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 and the heat storage amount.

Assume that in step 2 (S2), the user inputs the device characteristics (specifically, the characteristics of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22) and the calculation conditions (specifically, the reference load). Then, the input device 102 receives input of the characteristics of the devices (specifically, the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22) and the calculation conditions (specifically, the reference load). In addition to the reference load, the calculation conditions can also include settings for the cycle (for example, every 30 minutes, every day) and time (fluctuations in power rates) for correcting the reference load based on the actual load.

At step 3 ( S<b>3 ), the calculation device 103 calculates the outputs of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 . The calculation device 103 calculates outputs of the heat storage device 21 and the heat supply device 22 from the actual load and heat storage amount acquired in S1 and the characteristic and reference load received as inputs in S2.

At step 4 (S4), the output device 104 outputs the result calculated at S3.

<effect>
Thus, in the present invention, it is possible to operate the heat storage device and the heat supply device based on a limited operating record. Specifically, the storage device and the heat supply device can be operated based on current measurement information without predicting future loads. Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the heat storage device with an inexpensive system configuration. Also, by providing a mechanism for correcting the reference load, it becomes possible to respond to facility changes and plant operation changes.

<Hardware configuration>
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the operation device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The operation apparatus 10 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1001 , a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1002 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 1003 . The CPU 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 form a so-called computer.

The operation device 10 can also have an auxiliary storage device 1004 , a display device 1005 , an operation device 1006 , an I/F (Interface) device 1007 and a drive device 1008 . Each piece of hardware of the operation device 10 is interconnected via a bus B. FIG.

A CPU 1001 is an arithmetic device that executes various programs installed in an auxiliary storage device 1004 .

ROM 1002 is a non-volatile memory. The ROM 1002 functions as a main storage device that stores various programs, data, etc. necessary for the CPU 1001 to execute various programs installed in the auxiliary storage device 1004 . Specifically, the ROM 1002 functions as a main storage device that stores boot programs such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface).

A RAM 1003 is a volatile memory such as a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) or an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). The RAM 1003 functions as a main storage device that provides a work area that is developed when various programs installed in the auxiliary storage device 1004 are executed by the CPU 1001 .

The auxiliary storage device 1004 is an auxiliary storage device that stores various programs and information used when various programs are executed.

The display device 1005 is a display device that displays the internal state of the operation device 10 and the like.

The operation device 1006 is an input device through which an administrator of the operation device 10 inputs various instructions to the operation device 10 .

The I/F device 1007 is a communication device for connecting to a network and communicating with other devices.

A drive device 1008 is a device for setting a storage medium 1009 . The storage medium 1009 here includes media such as CD-ROMs, flexible disks, magneto-optical disks, etc., which record information optically, electrically or magnetically. The storage medium 1009 may also include a semiconductor memory that electrically records information such as an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), a flash memory, or the like.

Various programs to be installed in the auxiliary storage device 1004 are installed by, for example, setting the distributed storage medium 1009 in the drive device 1008 and reading the various programs recorded in the storage medium 1009 by the drive device 1008. be done. Alternatively, various programs installed in the auxiliary storage device 1004 may be installed by being downloaded from the network via the I/F device 1007 .

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims.・Changes are possible.

1 Energy plant 10 Operation device 20 Heat storage system 21 Heat storage device 22 Heat supply device 101 Sensor input device 102 Input device 103 Calculation device 104 Output device 201 Ice heat storage 202 Turbo chiller 203 Cooling tower 1001 CPU
1002 ROMs
1003 RAM
1004 auxiliary storage device 1005 display device 1006 operation device 1007 I/F device 1008 drive device 1009 storage medium

Claims (9)

An operation device that controls a heat storage device and a heat supply device,
a sensor input device for acquiring, from a sensor, an actual load for which heat is supplied from the heat storage device and the heat supply device, and a heat storage amount;
an input device that receives inputs of characteristics of the heat storage device and the heat supply device and a reference load;
a calculation device that calculates outputs of the heat storage device and the heat supply device from the actual load, the heat storage amount, the characteristic, and the reference load;
and an output device for outputting the calculated result. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein said computing device corrects said reference load based on said actual load. 3. The operation device according to claim 2, wherein said calculation device corrects said reference load based on an integrated value of said actual load. 3. The operating device according to claim 2, wherein said computing device corrects said reference load based on the most recent value of said actual load. 2. The calculating device causes the heat storage device and the heat supply device to store heat during a time period other than the high cost time period when the calculation device determines that the heat storage amount will be insufficient during the high cost time period. Or the operating device according to 2. 2. The calculation device according to claim 1, wherein, when determining that the heat storage amount will be left over during the high-cost time period, the calculation device causes the heat storage device and the heat supply device to radiate heat during a time period other than the high-cost time period. 2. The operation device according to 2. 3. The operation device according to claim 1, wherein said calculation device calculates outputs of said heat storage device and said heat supply device based on costs incurred by said heat supply device. 3. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein said computing device corrects said reference load. A method executed by an operation device that controls a heat storage device and a heat supply device, comprising:
a step of obtaining, from a sensor, an actual load for which heat is supplied from the heat storage device and the heat supply device, and a heat storage amount;
receiving input of characteristics of the heat storage device and the heat supply device and a reference load;
calculating outputs of the heat storage device and the heat supply device from the actual load, the heat storage amount, the characteristic, and the reference load;
and outputting the calculated result.

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