JP2022177338A - Glass laminate - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a glass laminate capable of suppressing electrification strain caused in a strip-shaped region.SOLUTION: A glass laminate comprises a pair of glass sheets opposed to each other, an interlayer disposed between the pair of glass sheets, and a plurality of conductive thin wires disposed between the pair of glass sheets for heating a see-through region of the pair of glass sheets. The see-through region includes a center region and a strip-shaped region adjacent to the center region. The heating value per unit length of the conductive thin wire in at least a part of the strip-shaped region is less than the heating value per unit length of the conductive thin wire in at least a part of the center region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to laminated glass.

In the window glass of automobiles and railways, a thin conductive wire that heats up when energized is placed between a pair of glass plates together with an intermediate film in order to eliminate the freezing of moisture adhering to the window glass in winter and clear the fog of the window glass. Laminated glass sandwiched between two layers is widely known. Such laminated glass is sometimes referred to as electrically heated window glass or electrically heated glass.

Specifically, for example, mainly thin metal wires are attached in advance to an intermediate film (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and a film in which conductive wiring is formed on a base material is enclosed. (See, for example, Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4).

JP-A-8-72674 JP 2016-128370 A JP 2011-210487 A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-500729

However, in the laminated glass provided with the conductive fine wires as described above, the vicinity of the conductive fine wires is heated when an electric current is applied, and the temperature distribution is generated in the intermediate film. In particular, in the front windshield of an automobile, there is a problem that electrical strain is conspicuous in belt-shaped regions located near both sides of the see-through region compared to the central region, causing discomfort to the driver.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass capable of suppressing electrical distortion occurring in a band-like region.

The laminated glass includes a pair of glass plates facing each other, an interlayer positioned between the pair of glass plates, and a plurality of conductive films positioned between the pair of glass plates to heat a see-through region of the pair of glass plates. and a fine wire, wherein the see-through region includes a central region and a band-shaped region adjacent to the central region, and the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire in at least a part of the band-shaped region is , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire in at least a partial area of the central area.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, it is possible to provide a laminated glass capable of suppressing electrical distortion that occurs in the belt-like region.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the windshield for a vehicle according to the first embodiment (Part 1); FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the windshield for a vehicle according to the first embodiment (part 2); FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining strip regions of a windshield for a vehicle according to the first embodiment; FIG. 1 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 1 of the first embodiment; FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle windshield according to modification 1 of the first embodiment (part 2); FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment; FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle windshield according to modification 2 of the first embodiment (part 2); FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment (No. 3); FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 3 of the first embodiment; FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 4 of the first embodiment; FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle windshield according to Modification 4 of the first embodiment (No. 2); Cross-sectional view showing a modification of the cross-sectional structure of the windshield It is a figure explaining the laminated glass for evaluation. It is a figure explaining the positional relationship of the laminated glass for evaluation, and an observer. It is a figure explaining an Example.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. Also, in each drawing, the size and shape may be partially exaggerated so that the contents of the present invention can be easily understood.

In the following description, a vehicle is typically an automobile, but also refers to a moving object having a windshield, including trains, ships, aircraft, and the like.

Further, the term "planar view" refers to viewing a predetermined area of the windshield from the direction normal to the predetermined area, and the term "planar shape" refers to the shape of the predetermined area of the windshield viewed from the direction normal to the predetermined area. .

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram (Part 1) illustrating the windshield for a vehicle according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1(a) schematically shows how the windshield is visually recognized from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle. It is a diagram. FIG. 1(b) is a partially enlarged sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1(a).

In FIG. 1(a), for convenience of explanation, the actual curved shape is omitted and the windshield 20 is shown in plan view. In the following description, reference numeral _20-1 will be referred to as the upper edge of the windshield 20, reference numeral _20-2 will be referred to as the lower edge, reference numeral _20-3 will be referred to as the left edge, and reference numeral _20-4 will be referred to as the right edge. . Here, when the windshield 20 is attached to a right-hand drive vehicle and viewed from the inside of the vehicle, the upper edge refers to the edge on the roof side of the vehicle, and the lower edge refers to the edge on the engine room side. The left edge refers to the passenger side edge and the right edge refers to the driver side edge.

As shown in FIG. 1, the windshield 20 includes a glass plate 21, a glass plate 22, an intermediate film 23, a shielding layer 24, a conductive fine wire 30, a first busbar 31, a second busbar 32, A laminated glass for a vehicle having a third bus bar 33 . A test area A defined by UNR43 is defined on the windshield 20 .

L indicates the shortest horizontal length when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle. That is, the horizontal length when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle is L or more.

The glass plate 21 is a vehicle-inside glass plate that is located inside the vehicle when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle. Further, the glass plate 22 is a vehicle-exterior glass plate that is located outside the vehicle when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle.

The glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, and the intermediate film 23, the conductive thin wire 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are positioned between the pair of glass plates. ing. However, at least a portion of the third bus bar 33 may be positioned between the pair of glass plates, and may have a portion extending from between the pair of glass plates to the outside of the pair of glass plates.

The glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22 are fixed with the intermediate film 23, the conductive fine wire 30, the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 interposed therebetween.

The conductive fine wires 30, the first busbars 31, the second busbars 32, and the third busbars 33 can be arranged, for example, between the intermediate film 23 and the glass plate 21. FIG. The surfaces of the conductive wires 30 , the first busbar 31 , the second busbar 32 , and the third busbar 33 are in contact with the vehicle-outside surface 21 b of the glass plate 21 . The surfaces of the conductive fine wires 30 , the first busbar 31 , the second busbar 32 , and the third busbar 33 are in contact with the vehicle-interior surface of the intermediate film 23 . Note that the intermediate film 23 may be a laminated body composed of a plurality of layers.

The shielding layer 24 is an opaque layer, and is provided, for example, in strips along the peripheral edges of the windshield 20 (upper edge 20 ₁ , lower edge 20 ₂ , left edge 20 ₃ , right edge 20 ₄ ). be able to. In the example of FIG. 1, the shielding layer 24 is provided on the surface 21a of the glass plate 21 on the inside of the vehicle. However, if necessary, the shielding layer 24 may be provided on the vehicle-interior surface 22a of the glass plate 22, or may be provided on both the vehicle-interior surface 21a of the glass plate 21 and the vehicle-interior surface 22a of the glass plate 22. may be provided.

The presence of the opaque shielding layer 24 on the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 allows adhesion of a resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 to the vehicle body, and an adhesion that attaches a bracket that locks a camera or the like to the windshield 20. It is possible to suppress the deterioration of the members, etc. due to ultraviolet rays. Also, the busbar can be hidden.

The shielding layer 24 may be provided on both the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22, or may be provided on only one of them. The shielding layer 24 is formed by applying a ceramic paste onto the surfaces of the glass plate 21 and/or the glass plate 22 and then firing the paste. The thickness of the shielding layer 24 is preferably 3 μm or more and 15 μm or less. Although the width of the shielding layer 24 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 20 mm or more and 300 mm or less.

FIG. 2 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating the vehicle windshield according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram schematically showing how the windshield is visually recognized from the vehicle interior to the exterior of the vehicle. FIG. 2 illustrates the formation area of the shielding layer 24 .

The shielding layer 24 includes shielding regions 24 ₁ and 24 ₂ formed along the upper edge 20 ₁ and the lower edge 20 ₂ of the windshield 20 and the left edge 20 ₃ and right edge 20 ₄ of the windshield 20 . and shielded regions _24-3 and _24-4 formed along. In the shielding layer 24, the width of the shielding regions _24-3 and _24-4 is preferably smaller than the width of the shielding regions _24-1 and _24-2 from the viewpoint of widening the field of view on the left and right sides of the windshield 20. FIG.

In the windshield 20, a trapezoidal area surrounded by the shielding areas 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ , 24 ₃ , and 24 ₄ is a see-through area 28, in which the conductive thin wires 30 shown in FIG. 1 are arranged. The conductive thin wire 30 may be provided on the entire surface of the see-through region 28 or may be provided on a part thereof. FIG. 1(a) is a perspective view of the shielding layer 24, and shows only the symbols of the shielding layer 24 and the shielding regions 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ , 24 ₃ , and 24 ₄ . The same applies to each figure to be described later.

Returning to FIG. 1, a plurality of conductive wires 30 can heat the see-through region 28 . The pattern formed by the plurality of thin conductive wires 30 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, a net shape (mesh shape) as shown in FIG. 1(a). The plurality of thin conductive wires 30 may be straight lines, wavy lines (for example, sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, etc.), a combination of wavy lines and straight lines, or the like.

The first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32 are arranged facing each other so as to sandwich the conductive thin wire 30 in the see-through region 28 in a plan view, and are connected to the conductive thin wire 30 so that power can be supplied to the conductive thin wire 30 . The first busbar 31 is arranged along the upper edge 20 - ₁ of the windshield 20 , and the second busbar 32 is arranged along the lower edge 20 - ₂ of the windshield 20 .

The third bus bar 33 is a bus bar that connects the first bus bar 31 and the electrode extraction portion 38 and the second bus bar 32 and the electrode extraction portion 39 . That is, the electrode lead-out portion 38 is electrically connected to the first bus bar 31 via the third bus bar 33 , and the electrode lead-out portion 39 is electrically connected to the second bus bar 32 via the third bus bar 33 . The electrode lead-out portions 38 and 39 are a pair of electrode lead-out portions positioned at the end of the third bus bar 33 and connected to the positive and negative sides of an external power source.

When a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion 38 and the electrode lead-out portion 39, current flows through the thin conductive wire 30 connected between the first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32, causing the thin conductive wire 30 to Fever. Even if a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion 38 and the electrode lead-out portion 39, the resistance values of the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 are sufficiently lower than that of the conductive fine wire 30. , the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 hardly generate heat.

The first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are preferably arranged to be hidden by the shielding regions 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ , and 24 ₃ .

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the belt-like region of the vehicle windshield according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram schematically showing how the windshield is viewed from the vehicle interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the windshield 20 is viewed from above, the see-through area 28 includes a central area C and band-like areas _S1 and _S2 adjacent to the central area C. As shown in FIG.

The band-shaped area _S1 is an area outside (left side) of the imaginary line _IL1 defined by the left edge of the test area A and its extension line in the fluoroscopy area . Also, the band-shaped area _S2 is an area outside (on the right side) of the imaginary line _IL2 defined by the right edge of the test area A and its extension line in the fluoroscopy area . A central region C of the fluoroscopy region 28 is a region sandwiched between the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 located on the left and right sides of the fluoroscopy region 28 .

That is, when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle, the central region C is a region obtained by combining the test region A defined by UNR43 in the see-through region 28 and the regions vertically adjacent to the test region A. ₁ and _S2 are regions adjacent to the central region C on the left and right.

In the windshield 20, the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least one of the strip regions _S1 or _S2 is the same as the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a portion of the central region C. The amount of heat generated per unit length is set to be smaller than that of 30.

The amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a portion of at least one of the strip regions _S1 or _S2 is defined as the unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a portion of the central region C. By making the amount of heat generated smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit time, it is possible to suppress the current strain generated in at least one of the belt-like regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generated during energization.

Note that the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least one of the strip regions _S1 or _S2 is greater than the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a part of the central region C. The smaller region may be the entire band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , or may be 30% or more of at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 .

That is, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in both the strip regions _S1 and _S2 is smaller than the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in at least a part of the central region C. do not have to. For example, the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a portion of only the band-shaped region _S1 is defined as the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a portion of the central region C. It can be smaller than the quantity. Alternatively, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in at least a portion of the band-shaped region _S2 alone is changed to the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in at least a portion of the central region C. It can be smaller.

Here, the calorific value can be calculated by "W=IV=RI ² =V ² /R (1)". Also, the relationship between the resistance of the conductive fine wire 30 and the length and cross-sectional area of the conductive fine wire 30 is "R=ρ(L/A) (2)". However, W: power, V: voltage, I: current, R: resistance, L: length, A: cross-sectional area, and ρ: electrical resistivity.

Therefore, from the formulas (1) and (2), in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the heat generation amount per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in at least a part of the region is In order to reduce the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in the area, the following should be done.

That is, in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 than in at least a part of the central region C of the see-through region 28, a metal having a large resistivity is used as the conductive thin wire 30, and the wire diameter of the conductive thin wire 30 is increased. A method such as thinning, thinning the conductive thin wire 30, or the like can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

The amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is preferably 2.2 W/m or less, and preferably 1.7 W/m or less. more desirable. If the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 2.2 W/m or less, the electrical distortion of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 can be suppressed. . If the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 1.7 W/m or less, the conduction distortion of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is further suppressed. can.

In addition, in order to exhibit ice-melting and anti-fogging performance, the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30 in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 0.6 W/m or more. is desirable.

When the driver looks ahead of the vehicle through the windshield 20, the driver perceives electrical distortion at a position on the windshield 20 where the driver's viewpoint becomes oblique (the angle from the eye point increases). Cheap. Therefore, it is effective to suppress the amount of heat generated in the belt-like areas _S1 and _S2 in which the driver's viewpoint is more oblique, thereby suppressing the conduction distortion. If the vehicle having the windshield 20 is a right-hand drive vehicle, the area where the driver's viewpoint becomes more oblique is the strip area _S1 located on the left edge ₂₀₃ side. Therefore, among the strip-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire ₃₀ in at least a partial region of the strip-shaped region S1 where the driver's viewpoint is more oblique is reduced to at least If the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30 in some regions is reduced to suppress the amount of heat generated, the effect of suppressing the strain caused by current flow is particularly remarkable.

In addition, the longer the horizontal length of the windshield 20 when attached to the vehicle, the more likely the driver's viewpoint will be oblique. Therefore, when the horizontal length L (see FIG. 1) when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle is 1000 mm or more, the driver's viewpoint becomes more oblique between the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 . If the amount of heat generated on the other side is suppressed, the effect of suppressing electrical strain is particularly remarkable.

Here, Rc is the resistance value between the first bus bar 31 and _{the second} bus bar 32 in the central region C of the see-through region 28, and Let Rs be the resistance value between Consider a case where a voltage V is applied between the first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32 .

In the case of power feeding from the vertical direction (vertical power feeding) as shown in FIG. 3, since Rc and Rs are connected in parallel, the amount of heat generated Wc in the central region C of the see-through region 28 is "Wc=V ² /Rc". and the calorific value Ws of each of the strip regions _S1 and _S2 is expressed as "Ws= ^V2 /Rs". That is, by increasing Rs relative to Rc, it is possible to make the amount of heat generation Ws smaller than the amount of heat generation Wc, thereby suppressing the conduction strain that occurs in the strip regions _S1 and _S2 due to the heat generated during energization.

In the windshield 20, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least part of at least one of the band-shaped areas _S1 or _S2 is the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least part of the central area C of the see-through area . is preferably smaller than In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the electrical distortion that occurs in the strip-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation during electrical conduction.

In at least one of the band-like regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is made smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. uses a metal with a high resistivity as the conductive thin wire 30 in at least part of at least one of the strip-shaped areas S ₁ or S ₂ than at least part of the central area C of the see-through area 28, Reducing the wire diameter of the conductive thin wires 30, thinning the conductive thin wires 30, increasing the pitch of the adjacent conductive thin wires 30, and increasing the WF of each conductive thin wire 30 when the conductive thin wires 30 are wavy lines. Alternatively, a method such as folding back the thin conductive wire 30 to lengthen the wire can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined. WF is a wave factor, which is a value obtained by dividing the length of a wavy line starting at point A and ending at point B by the linear distance between points A and B.

It is desirable that the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 600 W/m ² or less. More desirably, it is 500 W/m ² or less, and still more desirably 400 W/m ² or less. If the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 600 W/m ² or less, the electrical distortion of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 can be suppressed. If the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 500 W/m ² or less, the electrical distortion of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 can be further suppressed. If the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 is 400 W/m ² or less, the electrical distortion of the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 can be further suppressed.

Further, in order to exhibit ice-melting and anti-fogging performance, the amount of heat generated per unit area in the strip-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 is desirably 300 W/m ² or more.

However, it is not always necessary to make the amount of heat generated per unit area in both the band-like regions _S1 and _S2 smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central region C of the see-through region . For example, the amount of heat generated per unit area only in the band-shaped region _S1 may be smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central region C of the see-through region 28 . Alternatively, the amount of heat generated per unit area only in the band-shaped area _S2 may be smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area .

Next, the material and the like of each component of the windshield 20 will be described.

[Glass plates 21 and 22]
The glass plates 21 and 22 may be inorganic glass or organic glass. As the inorganic glass, for example, soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, and the like are used without particular limitation. Among these, soda-lime glass is particularly preferred. The inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Untempered glass is obtained by shaping molten glass into a plate and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is obtained by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass.

The tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass (for example, air-cooled tempered glass) or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, a glass sheet heated uniformly in bending is rapidly cooled from a temperature near the softening point, and a compressive stress is generated on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass. may be strengthened.

In the case of chemically strengthened glass, after bending, the glass surface may be strengthened by applying compressive stress to the glass surface by an ion exchange method or the like. Also, a glass that absorbs ultraviolet rays or infrared rays may be used, and it is preferable that it is transparent, but a glass plate that is colored to the extent that the transparency is not impaired may be used.

On the other hand, examples of organic glass include transparent resins such as polycarbonate. The shape of the glass plates 21 and 22 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape processed into various shapes and curvatures. Gravity forming, press forming, or the like is used as bending forming of the glass plates 21 and 22 . The method of forming the glass plates 21 and 22 is not particularly limited, either. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, a glass plate formed by a float method or the like is preferable.

The plate thickness of the glass plates 21 and 22 is preferably 0.4 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.0 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, and 1.5 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. is more preferable, and 1.7 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less is particularly preferable. The thicknesses of the glass plates 21 and 22 may be the same or different. If the thicknesses of the glass plates 21 and 22 are different from each other, it is preferable that the thickness of the glass plate located inside the vehicle is thinner. When the thickness of the glass plate positioned inside the vehicle is thinner, the thickness of the glass plate positioned inside the vehicle is 0.4 mm or more and 1.3 mm or less, so that the weight of the windshield 20 can be sufficiently reduced.

However, the plate thicknesses of the glass plates 21 and 22 are not always constant, and may vary from place to place as needed. For example, one or both of the glass plates 21 and 22 may have a wedge-shaped region in a cross-sectional view in which the thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side.

When the windshield 20 has a curved shape, the glass sheets 21 and 22 are bent after forming by a float method or the like and before bonding with the intermediate film 23 . Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is about 550.degree. C. to 700.degree.

[Intermediate film 23]
Thermoplastic resins are often used as the intermediate film 23. For example, plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resin, plasticized polyvinyl chloride-based resin, saturated polyester-based resin, plasticized saturated polyester-based resin, polyurethane-based resin, and plasticized polyurethane are used. thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this type of application, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer-based resins, and the like. Also, a resin composition containing a hydrogenated modified block copolymer described in JP-A-2015-821 can be suitably used. The intermediate film 23 is preferably a plasticized polyvinyl acetal-based resin, more preferably polyvinyl butyral.

The thickness of the intermediate film 23 is preferably 0.3 mm or more at the thinnest part. When the film thickness of the intermediate film 23 is 0.3 mm or more, the penetration resistance necessary for the windshield is sufficient. Moreover, the film thickness of the intermediate film 23 is preferably 2.28 mm or less at the thickest part. When the maximum thickness of the intermediate film 23 is 2.28 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The film thickness of the intermediate film 23 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 1 mm or less. Further, the intermediate film 23 may not have a uniform film thickness and may have a wedge shape in cross section.

Note that the intermediate film 23 may have a sound insulation function. For example, it is a sound insulation film that can improve the sound insulation of laminated glass by configuring the interlayer from three or more layers and making the Shore hardness of the inner layer lower than the Shore hardness of the outer layer by adjusting the plasticizer. There may be. In this case, the Shore hardness of the outer layers may be the same or different.

In order to produce the intermediate film 23, for example, the above-described resin material for the intermediate film is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated and melted state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set so as to be uniform. After that, the extruded resin film may be stretched as necessary, for example, in order to give curvature to the upper and lower sides in accordance with the design of the windshield 20 .

[Shielding layer 24]
The shielding layer 24 can be exemplified by a layer formed by applying black ceramics printing ink on a glass plate by screen printing or the like and then baking the applied ink. In the shielding layer 24, the width of the shielding area (one of the shielding areas 24 ₁ to 24 ₄ ) is larger than the width of the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, or the third busbar 33 arranged in the shielding area. is preferred.

When the shielding layer 24 is provided on the inner side surface 21a of the glass plate 21, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be hidden by the shielding layer 24 when the windshield 20 is viewed from inside the vehicle. , which is preferable because the design of the appearance is not impaired.

Further, when the shielding layer 24 is provided on the inner side surface 22a of the glass plate 22, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are blocked by the shielding layer 24 when the windshield 20 is viewed from outside the vehicle. It is preferable because it can be concealed and the design of the appearance is not impaired.

Alternatively, the shielding layer 24 may be provided on both the vehicle-interior surface 21a of the glass plate 21 and the vehicle-interior surface 22a of the glass plate 22 . In this case, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be hidden by the shielding layer 24 when the windshield 20 is viewed from inside and outside the vehicle, which is further preferable because the appearance design is not impaired.

[Conductive thin wire 30, first bus bar 31, second bus bar 32, and third bus bar 33]
The conductive thin wire 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed of the same material, for example.

The materials of the conductive thin wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive materials, and examples thereof include metal materials. Examples of metal materials include gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, iridium, zinc, magnesium, tin, and the like. Moreover, these metals may be plated, or may be composites (composites) with alloys or resins.

When the conductive thin wire 30, the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 are integrally formed from the same material, the forming method may be an etching method such as photolithography, screen printing, inkjet printing, or offset printing. A printing method such as printing, flexographic printing, or gravure printing may be used. In either method, the thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed from the same material. In this case, the thin conductive wire 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses.

The line width of each conductive fine line 30 is preferably 25 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less, still more preferably 16 μm or less. As the line width of the conductive thin wire 30 becomes narrower, it becomes more difficult for the driver to visually recognize the conductive thin wire 30, and the existence of the conductive thin wire 30 can be prevented from interfering with driving.

The thickness of each conductive thin wire 30 is preferably 20 μm or less, more preferably 12 μm or less, and even more preferably 8 μm or less. As the thickness of the conductive thin wire 30 becomes thinner, the area where the conductive thin wire 30 reflects light decreases, and it becomes difficult to reflect light such as sunlight and headlights of oncoming vehicles. can be prevented from interfering with

[Method for manufacturing windshield 20]
As a method for manufacturing the windshield 20, a general manufacturing method can be mentioned, and an example is shown below.

First, the thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are formed on the surface of the intermediate film 23 on the vehicle interior side. The conductive thin wire 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed of the same material, for example. The method of forming the conductive fine wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 on the vehicle-interior surface of the intermediate film 23 may be directly formed on the intermediate film 23, for example. Alternatively, for example, the intermediate film is composed of two or more layers, and on one intermediate film, another intermediate film having the conductive thin wire 30, the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 formed on the surface is laminated. Then, the intermediate film 23 may be formed. A detailed description of the latter will be given later.

Next, the surface 21b of the glass plate 21 outside the vehicle and the surfaces inside the vehicle of the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 formed on the intermediate film 23 are brought into contact with each other on the glass plate 21. An intermediate film 23 is laminated on the substrate to produce a first laminate. Then, the glass plate 22 is further laminated on the intermediate film 23 of the first laminate to produce the second laminate.

Then, for example, the second laminate is placed in a rubber bag and adhered at a temperature of about 70 to 110° C. in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa. Furthermore, a laminated glass having more excellent durability can be obtained by carrying out a heat-pressing treatment under conditions of, for example, 100 to 150° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa. However, in some cases, this heating and pressurizing step may not be used in consideration of the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material to be enclosed in the laminated glass. The intermediate film 23 is deformed by heating and pressurization in a vacuum, and the vehicle-interior surface of the conductive thin wire 30 formed in the intermediate film 23 contacts the vehicle-exterior surface 21 b of the glass plate 21 .

Between the glass plate 21 and the glass plate 22, in addition to the intermediate film 23 and the conductive thin wire 30, infrared reflection, light emission, dimming, visible light reflection, scattering, and addition are provided within a range that does not impair the effects of the present application. A film or device having functions such as decoration and absorption may be included.

Thus, in the windshield 20, in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire in at least a portion of the region is equal to the amount of heat generated in at least a portion of the central region C. By making the amount of heat generated per unit length of the thin wire smaller than that of the elastic thin wire, it is possible to suppress the electrical strain that occurs in the belt-like regions _S1 or _S2 due to the heat generated during the energization.

Further, in the windshield 20, by setting Rc and Rs to appropriate values, it is possible to reduce the heat generation amount Ws per unit area in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 . It is possible to suppress the electrical distortion that occurs in the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation.

In the windshield 20, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of at least one of the band-shaped areas _S1 or _S2 is changed to that of at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28 per unit area. By setting the heat generation amount to be smaller than the heat generation amount of , it is possible to further suppress the conduction strain that occurs in the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 due to the heat generated during the energization.

In the windshield 20, the total power consumption can be reduced and the cruising distance of the vehicle can be extended by reducing the calorific value Ws in at least a part of at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 . can. In other words, the conventional electrically heated glass can only heat the entire see-through region uniformly, and there is a problem of wasting power consumption, making it difficult to extend the cruising distance of the vehicle. Now we can solve this problem.

<Modification 1 of the first embodiment>
Modification 1 of the first embodiment shows an example in which each conductive thin wire has a different shape from that of the first embodiment. In addition, in Modification 1 of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a diagram exemplifying a vehicle windshield according to Modification 1 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram schematically showing how the windshield is viewed from the vehicle interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 4, the windshield 20A differs from the windshield 20 (see FIGS. 1, 3, etc.) in that the thin conductive wires 30 are replaced with the thin conductive wires 30A.

While the plurality of conductive thin wires 30 has a mesh pattern, the plurality of conductive thin wires 30A has a linear pattern. The plurality of linear thin conductive wires 30A may not be arranged parallel to each other. Also, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30A may be wavy lines (for example, sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, etc.) or a combination of wavy lines and straight lines.

The pitch of the conductive fine wires 30A arranged in the strip regions _S1 and _S2 is preferably 2.8 mm or less. If the pitch of the conductive thin wires 30A arranged in the strip-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 is 2.8 mm or less, it is advantageous in that the current flowing through each conductive thin wire 30A can be suppressed. In addition, the narrower the pitch, the more uniform the intermediate film is heated, and the more difficult it is to produce a temperature distribution, which is more preferable.

When each conductive fine wire 30A is a wavy line, the wavelength and period may not be constant. Further, when each of the conductive thin wires 30A is a wavy line, the phases of the adjacent conductive thin wires 30A may be aligned or may be shifted. , is suitable in that it can suppress the streak of light due to the regular scattering of light.

In the example of FIG. 4, in at least one of the strip regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wire 30A in at least a portion of the region is equal to that of the conductive fine wire in at least a portion of the central region C. In order to reduce the heat generation amount per unit length of 30A, in at least one of the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 , the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30A in at least a part of the region is reduced to the central region of the see-through region 28. It is made thinner than the wire diameter of each conductive fine wire 30A in at least part of the area of C. However, instead of this, at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 and _S2 has a higher resistivity than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28 as the conductive fine wire 30A. A method such as using a metal may also be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

Further, in FIG. 4, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of at least one of the band-shaped areas _S1 or _S2 is defined as the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28. It is preferable to make it smaller than the calorific value. In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the electrical distortion that occurs in the strip-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation during electrical conduction.

In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S11 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is made smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. For example, in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 , the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30A in at least a part of the region is changed to each conductive wire 30A in at least a part of the central region C of the see-through region 28 It may be made thinner than the wire diameter of the thin wire 30A. However, instead of this, at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 and _S2 has a higher resistivity than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28 as the conductive fine wire 30A. Using a metal, increasing the pitch of the adjacent conductive wires 30A, increasing the WF of each conductive wire 30A when the conductive wires 30A are wavy lines, folding the conductive wires 30A to lengthen the wire length, etc. method can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

The thin conductive wires 30A, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed of the same material, for example. The method of integrally forming the thin conductive wires 30A, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 from the same material is the same as in the first embodiment.

The thin conductive wires 30A, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 may be formed of different materials by being attached to the intermediate film 23 in order. Specifically, for example, first, on the surface of the intermediate film 23 (for example, the surface on the inside of the vehicle), a first layer bus bar to be the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 is formed in the pattern shown in FIG. be fixed. This fixation can be performed by pressing the first-layer bus bars to be the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 against the surface of the intermediate film 23 while heating them with a soldering iron or the like.

Next, on the intermediate film 23 on which the first-layer busbars are formed, a plurality of thin conductive wires 30A are fixed at predetermined intervals so as to form the pattern shown in FIG. Form. This fixation can be performed by pressing the plurality of thin conductive wires 30A against the surface of the intermediate film 23 while heating them with a soldering iron or the like. When the plurality of thin conductive wires 30A are wavy wires, the thin conductive wires 30A may be heated and pressed against the surface of the intermediate film 23 while being corrugated.

Next, in the intermediate film 23 on which the first-layer busbar and the conductive thin wires 30A are formed, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are formed on the first-layer busbar with the conductive thin wire 30A interposed therebetween. The second layer bus bar is fixed so as to form the pattern shown in FIG. This fixation can be performed by pressing the second-layer bus bars, which are the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33, against the surface of the intermediate film 23 while heating them with a soldering iron or the like.

Through the above steps, the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 are formed from the first bus bar and the second bus bar. A solder layer (not shown) or the like is provided on the mutually facing surfaces of the first-layer bus bar and the second-layer bus bar, and the conductive thin wire 30A is fixed by the solder layer or the like. In addition, when the excessive conductive thin wire 30A exists, it is removed.

Next, a first laminate is produced from the glass plate 21 and the intermediate film 23 on which the conductive fine wires 30A, the first busbars 31, the second busbars 32, and the third busbars 33 are formed. Then, the glass plate 22 is further laminated on the intermediate film 23 of the first laminate to produce the second laminate, and the windshield 20A can be produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

Thus, the plurality of conductive thin wires is not limited to a mesh pattern, and may be straight lines, wavy lines (for example, sine waves, triangular waves, rectangular waves, etc.), combinations of wavy lines and straight lines, etc. good.

As in the windshield 20B shown in FIG. 5, the first bus bar 31 is extended from the upper edge _20-1 to the left edge _20-3 and the right edge _20-4 , and the plurality of linear thin conductive wires 30B are connected to each other. They can be arranged in parallel. By arranging the first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32 as shown in FIG. 5, the directions of the conductive thin wires 30B can be aligned in the central region C of the see-through region 28 and the strip regions _S1 and _S2 . Easier to manufacture.

In the example of FIG. 5, in at least one of the strip regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30B in at least a portion of the region is equal to that of the conductive thin wire in at least a portion of the central region C. In order to make the heat generation amount per unit length of 30B smaller, the wire diameter of each conductive fine wire 30B in at least a part of at least one of the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 is adjusted to the central region of the see-through region 28. It is made thinner than the wire diameter of each conductive fine wire 30B in at least part of the area of C. A single conductive fine wire 30B may have a linear thick portion and a linear thin portion. However, instead of this, in at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 or _S2 than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28, the conductive thin wire 30B has a higher resistivity. Using a metal, increasing the pitch of the adjacent conductive wires 30B, increasing the WF of each conductive wire 30B when the conductive wires 30B are wavy lines, folding the conductive wires 30B to lengthen the wire length, etc. method can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

In FIG. 5, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of at least one of the band-shaped areas _S1 and _S2 is calculated as the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28. It is preferable to make it smaller than the amount. In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the electrical distortion that occurs in the strip-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation during electrical conduction.

In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is made smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. is, for example, the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30B in at least a partial region in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 , and the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire in at least a partial region of the central region C of the see-through region 28 The wire diameter may be thinner than that of 30B. However, instead of this, in at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 or _S2 than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28, the conductive thin wire 30B has a higher resistivity. Using a metal, increasing the pitch of the adjacent conductive wires 30B, increasing the WF of each conductive wire 30B when the conductive wires 30B are wavy lines, folding the conductive wires 30B to lengthen the wire length, etc. method can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

<Modification 2 of the first embodiment>
Modification 2 of the first embodiment shows an example in which the direction of power supply to the conductive thin wire is different from that of the first embodiment. In addition, in the modification 2 of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 6 is a diagram exemplifying a vehicle windshield according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram schematically showing how the windshield is visually recognized from the interior of the vehicle to the exterior of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the windshield 20C, the first busbar 31 is arranged along the left edge _20-3 , and the second busbar 32 is arranged along the right edge _20-4 . That is, the windshield 20C is different from the windshield 20 (see FIG. 1) in which the power supply direction is the vertical direction in that the power supply direction is the horizontal direction.

The first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32 are arranged facing each other so as to sandwich the conductive thin wire 30C in the see-through region 28 in plan view, and are connected to the conductive thin wire 30C, so that power can be supplied to the conductive thin wire 30C. The plurality of thin conductive lines 30C are linear patterns. However, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30C may be wavy lines (for example, sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, etc.) or a combination of wavy lines and straight lines. Also, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30C may be formed in a mesh pattern.

In the case of power feeding from the ^left and right directions (left and right power feeding) as shown in FIG. , and the calorific value Ws of each of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 is represented by “Ws= ^I2 ×Rs”. That is, by making Rs smaller than Rc, the amount of heat generated Ws can be made smaller than the amount of heat generated Wc, and the conduction strain that occurs in the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 due to the heat generated during energization can be suppressed.

In the example of FIG. 6, in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive thin wire 30C in at least a portion of the region is equal to that of the conductive thin wire in at least a portion of the central region C. In order to reduce the heat generation amount per unit length of the 30C, in at least one of the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 , the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30C in at least a part of the region is reduced to the central region of the see-through region 28. It is made thicker than the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30C in at least a part of the area of C. However, instead of this, in at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 or _S2 than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28, a metal having a smaller resistivity as the thin conductive wire 30C is used. You may use the method of using. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

In FIG. 6, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of at least one of the band-shaped areas _S1 or _S2 is defined as the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28. It is preferable to make it smaller than the amount. In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the electrical distortion that occurs in the strip-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation during electrical conduction.

In at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the region is made smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. is, for example, the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire 30C in at least a partial region in at least one of the strip regions _S1 or _S2 , and the wire diameter of each conductive thin wire in at least a partial region of the central region C of the see-through region 28 The wire diameter should be thicker than 30C. However, instead of this, in at least a part of at least one of the band-like areas _S1 or _S2 than at least a part of the central area C of the see-through area 28, the thin conductive wire 30C has a lower resistivity. Methods such as using a metal, reducing the pitch of adjacent conductive wires 30C, and reducing the WF of each conductive wire 30C when the conductive wires 30C are wavy lines can be used. Alternatively, two or more of these may be combined.

Like the windshield 20D shown in FIG. 7, the wire diameter of each conductive fine wire 30D is made the same in the central region C of the see-through region 28 and the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , and in at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 and _S2 , the thin conductive wires 30D arranged in at least a part of the region may be branched. In this case also, the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of at least one of the band-shaped regions _S1 or _S2 is defined as the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. Since it can be made smaller than the amount, it is possible to suppress the energization strain that occurs in the strip-shaped region _S1 or _S2 due to heat generation during energization.

The thin conductive wires 30C, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed of the same material, for example. The method of integrally forming the thin conductive wires 30C, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 from the same material is the same as in the first embodiment. The same applies to the case of using the thin conductive wire 30D instead of the thin conductive wire 30C.

The thin conductive wires 30</b>C, the first busbar 31 , the second busbar 32 , and the third busbar 33 may be formed of different materials by sequentially attaching them to the intermediate film 23 . The method of forming the thin conductive wires 30C, the first bus bar 31, the second bus bar 32, and the third bus bar 33 with different materials by sequentially attaching them to the intermediate film 23 is the same as that of Modification 1 of the first embodiment. It is the same as the case. The same applies to the case of using the thin conductive wire 30D instead of the thin conductive wire 30C.

Thus, the power supply direction may be the left-right direction or the up-down direction of the windshield. In particular, when the power supply direction is the left-right direction, the thin conductive wire 30C, the _first busbar 31, and the second busbar 32 do not exist on the side of the upper edge 201 like the windshield 20E shown in FIG. Providing the region R is easy. In this case, the information transmission/reception area 50, the antenna arrangement area 52, and the like can be defined within the area R, which is preferable.

<Modification 3 of the first embodiment>
Modification 3 of the first embodiment shows another example in which the direction of power supply to the conductive thin wire is different from that of the first embodiment. In addition, in the modification 3 of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 9 is a diagram exemplifying a vehicle windshield according to Modification 3 of the first embodiment, and schematically showing how the windshield is viewed from the vehicle interior to the exterior of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 9, the windshield 20F has two sets of first busbars 31 and second busbars 32 .

A first busbar _31-1 arranged along the left edge _20-3 and a second busbar _32-1 arranged on the left edge _20-3 side of the lower edge _20-2 form a set of busbars. A first bus bar _31-2 arranged along the right edge _20-4 and a second bus bar _32-2 arranged on the right edge _20-4 side of the lower edge _20-2 form another set of bus bars. is doing.

The first bus bar _31-1 and the second bus bar _32-1 are arranged in an L shape in plan view. The plurality of thin conductive wires 30F are connected between the L-shaped vertical line (first busbar 31 ₁ ) and horizontal line (second busbar 32 ₁ ) as a pattern having straight portions, curved portions, and the like. . The plurality of thin conductive wires 30F arranged in the strip region _S1 include linear conductors having one or more folds. As a result, the amount of heat generated per unit area of the conductive fine wires 30F arranged in at least a portion of the band-shaped region _S1 is lower than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. can be made smaller.

Also, the first bus bar _31-2 and the second bus bar _32-2 are arranged in an L shape in plan view. The plurality of thin conductive wires 30F are connected between the L-shaped vertical line (first bus bar 31 ₂ ) and horizontal line (second bus bar 32 ₂ ) as a pattern having straight portions, curved portions, and the like. . The plurality of thin conductive wires 30F arranged in at least a partial region of the strip region _S2 include linear conductors having one or more folds. As a result, the amount of heat generated per unit area of the conductive thin wires 30F arranged in at least a portion of the band-shaped region _S2 is lower than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of the central region C of the see-through region 28. can be made smaller.

However, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30F may be wavy lines (for example, sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, etc.) or a combination of wavy lines and straight lines. Also, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30F may be formed in a mesh pattern.

That is, the windshield 20F differs from the windshield 20 (see FIG. 1) in which the power supply direction is in the vertical direction in that the power supply direction is between the vertical and horizontal lines of the L-shape (L-shaped power supply).

The third bus bar _33-1 is a bus bar that connects the first bus bar _31-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _38-1 , and the second bus bar _32-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _39-1 . The third bus bar 33 ₂ is a bus bar that connects the first bus bar 31 ₂ and the electrode extraction portion 38 ₂ and the second bus bar 32 ₂ and the electrode extraction portion 39 ₂ .

When a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion _38-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _39-1 , current flows through the conductive thin wire 30F connected between the first bus bar _31-1 and the second bus bar _32-1 , thereby The thin wire 30F generates heat. Further, when a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion _38-2 and the electrode lead-out portion _39-2 , a current flows through the conductive fine wire 30F connected between the first bus bar _31-2 and the second bus bar _32-2 . , the conductive thin wire 30F generates heat.

In the case of the L-shaped power supply shown in FIG. 9, the amount of heat generated per unit area Wc in at least part of the central area C of the see-through area 28 and the unit area of at least part of each of the strip areas _S1 and _S2 The amount of heat generated per unit Ws is expressed in the same manner as in the case of vertical power feeding. Therefore, by making Rs larger than Rc, the amount of heat generation Ws can be made smaller than the amount of heat generation Wc, and the conduction distortion caused in the band-like regions _S1 or _S2 due to the heat generated during energization can be suppressed. The method of increasing Rs with respect to Rc is also the same as in the case of vertical feeding.

In this manner, the direction of power feeding may be the horizontal direction of the windshield, the vertical direction, or the L-shaped power feeding direction. _In particular, in the case _of L-shaped power feeding _, as in the case of left-right power feeding in FIG. 32 ₁ and second bus bar 32 ₂ are not present, it is easy to provide a region R. In this case, the information transmission/reception area 50, the antenna arrangement area 52, and the like can be defined within the area R, which is preferable.

<Modification 4 of the first embodiment>
Modification 4 of the first embodiment shows an example in which heating of the central region C of the see-through region 28 and heating of the strip regions _S1 and _S2 are performed in separate circuits (independent heating). In addition, in the modification 4 of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 10 is a diagram exemplifying a vehicle windshield according to Modification 4 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram schematically showing how the windshield is visually recognized from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 10, the windshield 20G includes, in addition to the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32 and the third busbar 33, the fourth busbars 41 ₁ and 41 ₂ , the fifth busbars 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ and the sixth busbar. 43 ₁ and 43 ₂ .

A first busbar 31 arranged on the center side of the upper edge portion ₂₀₁ and a second busbar 32 arranged on the center side of the lower edge portion ₂₀₂ form a set of busbars. The fourth bus bar _41-1 arranged on the left edge _20-3 side _of the upper edge 20-1 and the fifth bus bar _42-1 arranged on the left edge _20-3 side of the lower edge _20-2 are the other one. forming a set of busbars. Further, a fourth bus bar 41-2 arranged on the right edge _20-4 side of the upper edge _20-1 and a _fifth bus bar _42-2 arranged on the right edge _20-4 side of the lower edge _20-2 are further provided. A set of busbars is formed.

The first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32 are arranged opposite to each other so as to sandwich the conductive fine wire 30G arranged in the central region C of the see-through region 28 in plan view, and are connected to the conductive fine wire 30G in the central region C. , the conductive fine wires 30G in the central region C can be fed. The fourth bus bar _41-1 and the fifth bus bar _42-1 are arranged opposite to each other so as to sandwich the conductive thin wire 30G arranged in the strip-shaped region _S1 of the see-through region 28 in a plan view, and the conductive thin wire 30G in the strip-shaped region _S1 . It is connected and can supply power to the thin conductive wire 30G of the strip-shaped area _S1 . The fourth bus bar _{41_2} and the fifth bus bar _{42_2} are arranged opposite to each other so as to sandwich the conductive fine wire 30G arranged in the strip region _S2 of the see-through region 28 in a plan view, and the conductive fine wire 30G in the strip region _S2 . are connected and can supply power to the thin conductive wires 30G of the strip-shaped region _S2 .

The plurality of thin conductive wires 30G are linear patterns. However, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30G may be wavy lines (for example, sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular wave, etc.) or a combination of wavy lines and straight lines. Also, the plurality of thin conductive wires 30G may be formed in a mesh pattern.

The third bus bar 33 is a bus bar that connects the first bus bar 31 and the electrode extraction portion 38 and the second bus bar 32 and the electrode extraction portion 39 . The sixth bus bar _43-1 is a bus bar that connects the fourth bus bar _41-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _48-1 , and the fifth bus bar _42-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _49-1 . The sixth bus bar _43-2 is a bus bar that connects the fourth bus bar _41-2 and the electrode lead-out portion _48-2 , and the fifth bus bar _42-2 and the electrode lead-out portion _49-2 .

When a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion 38 and the electrode lead-out portion 39, current flows through the conductive thin wire 30G in the central region C connected between the first bus bar 31 and the second bus bar 32, The thin conductive wire 30G in region C generates heat. Further, when a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion _48-1 and the electrode lead-out portion _49-1 , the thin conductive wire of the strip-shaped region S- ₁ connected between the fourth bus bar _41-1 and the fifth bus bar _42-1 is applied. A current flows through 30G, and the thin conductive wire 30G in the strip-shaped region _S1 generates heat. Further, when a voltage is applied between the electrode lead-out portion _48-2 and the electrode lead-out portion _49-2 , the thin conductive wire of the strip-shaped region _S2 connected between the fourth bus bar _41-2 and the fifth bus bar _42-2 is applied. A current flows through 30G, and the thin conductive wire 30G in the strip-shaped region _S2 generates heat.

A voltage is applied from the first power source between the electrode lead-out portions 38 and 39, and a voltage is applied from the second power source between the electrode lead-out portions _48-1 and _48-2 and the electrode lead-out portions _49-1 and _49-2 . can. As a result, the central area C and the strip areas _S1 and _S2 of the see-through area 28 can be heated independently. For example, by preferentially heating the central region C of the see-through region 28, which has a high priority for melting ice and antifogging, and not heating the strip regions _S1 and _S2 when unnecessary, the total power consumption can be reduced. can be suppressed.

However, it is also possible to connect the same power supply between the electrode extraction part 38 and the electrode extraction part 39, and between the electrode extraction parts _48-1 and _48-2 and the electrode extraction parts _49-1 and _49-2 to perform heating at the same time. is.

Like the windshield 20H shown in FIG. 11 , the fourth busbar 41 ₁ and the fifth busbar 42 ₁ in the strip region S ₁ and the fourth busbar 41 ₂ and the fifth busbar 42 ₂ in the strip region S ₂ are arranged on the lower edge 20 . ₂ may be aggregated.

In the windshield 20H, similarly to the windshield 20G, the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 are arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the conductive fine wire 30H arranged in the central region C of the see-through region 28 in plan view. It is connected to the conductive fine wire 30H in the region C. The fourth bus bar _41-1 and the fifth bus bar _42-1 are arranged on the left edge portion _20-3 side of the lower edge portion _20-2 with a predetermined gap therebetween, and are connected to the thin conductive wires 30H arranged in the strip-shaped region _S1 . there is The fourth bus bar _41-2 and the fifth bus bar _42-2 are arranged on the right edge _20-4 side of the lower edge _20-2 at a predetermined interval, and are connected to the conductive fine wire 30H arranged in the strip-shaped region _S2 . It is

The shielding area _24-3 formed along the left edge _20-3 and the shielding area _24-4 formed along the right edge _20-4 of the windshield 20H are often narrowed in order to improve design. . Therefore, in many cases, there is not enough space for the busbars to be hidden behind the shielding areas _24-3 and _24-4 .

By concentrating the busbars of the band-like regions _S1 and _S2 on the lower edge _20-2 , the number of busbars arranged on the left edge _20-3 and the right edge _20-4 can be reduced. As a result, even when the shielded areas _24-3 and _24-4 are narrow, the busbars can be arranged so as to be hidden by the shielded areas _24-3 and _24-4 .

<Modified example of cross-sectional structure>
Although the cross-sectional structure of the windshield 20 is shown in FIG. 1B, the cross-sectional structure of the windshield 20 is not limited to FIG. 12(c) may be modified. 12(a) to 12(c), the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the cross-sectional structure of the windshield, showing a cross section corresponding to FIG. 1(b).

12(a), the single-layer intermediate film 23 in FIG. 1(b) is divided into a first intermediate film 231 provided on the glass plate 21 side and a second intermediate film 232 provided on the glass plate 22 side. This is an example of changing to a laminated structure with. The first intermediate film 231 and the second intermediate film 232 are in contact with each other. The thin conductive wires 30 , the first busbars 31 , the second busbars 32 and the third busbars 33 are arranged between the first intermediate film 231 and the glass plate 21 .

The film thickness of the first intermediate film 231 is preferably 0.01 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less, more preferably 0.025 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.05 mm or more and 0.1 mm or less. When the film thickness of the first intermediate film 231 is at least the lower limit, the handleability and handling during manufacturing are excellent. When the film thickness of the first intermediate film 231 is equal to or less than the upper limit, the heat transfer to the outside of the glass due to current is excellent.

The film thickness of the second intermediate film 232 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.4 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less. When the film thickness of the second intermediate film 232 is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the penetration resistance is excellent. When the film thickness of the second intermediate film 232 is equal to or less than the upper limit, weight reduction is excellent.

The Young's modulus of the first intermediate film 231 is preferably greater than that of the second intermediate film 232 . Due to the high Young's modulus of the first intermediate film 231, even if the film thickness is thin, it is excellent in handling. can be formed to On the other hand, the second intermediate film 232 has appropriate flexibility, so that it satisfies safety related performance such as penetration resistance of the laminated glass. The predetermined Young's modulus of the first intermediate film 231 can be obtained, for example, by adding a small amount of plasticizer to the polyvinyl acetal-based resin, preferably by adding no plasticizer.

In order to manufacture a laminated windshield having the cross-sectional structure of FIG. A bus bar 33 is formed. The thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed from the same material by the method described above. Alternatively, the thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 may be formed of different materials by sequentially attaching them to the first intermediate film 231 by the method described above.

Next, the glass plate is mounted so that the surface 21b of the glass plate 21 on the vehicle outside and the surfaces on the vehicle inside of the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 formed on the first intermediate film 231 are in contact with each other. A first intermediate film 231 is laminated on 21 to produce a first laminate. Then, the second intermediate film 232 and the glass plate 22 are successively laminated on the first intermediate film 231 of the first laminate to produce the second laminate. Then, by heating and pressing the second laminate in a vacuum as described above, a laminated glass having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 12(a) can be produced.

12(b), the single-layer intermediate film 23 is divided into the first intermediate film 231 provided on the glass plate 21 side and the second intermediate film 232 provided on the glass plate 22 side in FIG. This is another example of changing to a laminated structure with. The thin conductive wires 30 , the first busbar 31 , the second busbar 32 , and the third busbar 33 are arranged between the first intermediate film 231 and the second intermediate film 232 .

The preferred film thickness and Young's modulus of the first intermediate film 231 and the second intermediate film 232 are the same as in the case of FIG. 12(a).

In order to manufacture the laminated glass having the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 12(b), first, the conductive fine wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar are formed on the surface of the first intermediate film 231 on the vehicle exterior side. 33 is formed. The thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed from the same material by the method described above. Alternatively, the thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 may be formed of different materials by sequentially attaching them to the first intermediate film 231 by the method described above.

Next, the first intermediate film 231 is laminated on the glass plate 21 so that the vehicle-exterior surface 21b of the glass plate 21 and the vehicle-interior surface of the first intermediate film 231 are in contact with each other to form a first laminate. Next, a second intermediate film is formed on the first intermediate film 231 of the first laminate so as to be in contact with the surfaces of the conductive fine wires 30, the first busbars 31, the second busbars 32, and the third busbars 33 on the outside of the vehicle. 232 is laminated, and the glass plate 22 is further laminated to produce a second laminated body. Then, by heating and pressurizing the second laminate in a vacuum as described above, a laminated glass having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 12(b) can be produced. The second intermediate film 232 is deformed by heating and pressurizing in a vacuum, and the second intermediate film 232 comes into contact with the first intermediate film 231 .

12(c), the single-layer intermediate film 23 in FIG. 1(b) is divided into a first intermediate film 231 provided on the glass plate 21 side and a second intermediate film 232 provided on the glass plate 22 side. This is still another example in which the structure is changed to a laminated structure of . The conductive fine wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 are formed on the inner surface of the substrate 25 disposed between the first intermediate film 231 and the second intermediate film 232. It is

The preferred film thickness and Young's modulus of the first intermediate film 231 and the second intermediate film 232 are the same as in the case of FIG. 12(a).

The base material 25 serves as a support for forming the conductive fine wires 30 , the first busbars 31 , the second busbars 32 and the third busbars 33 . For the base material 25, for example, a film-like base material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, and polyvinyl butyral can be used. The thickness of the base material 25 can be, for example, approximately 25 to 150 μm.

In order to produce the laminated glass having the cross-sectional structure of FIG. Form. The thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 can be integrally formed from the same material by the method described above. Alternatively, the thin conductive wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 may be formed of different materials by sequentially attaching them to the first intermediate film 231 by the method described above.

Next, the first intermediate film 231 is arranged on the surface 21 b of the glass plate 21 on the vehicle exterior side. Further, the surfaces of the conductive thin wires 30, the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the third busbar 33 formed on the base material 25 are in contact with the vehicle-exterior surface of the first intermediate film 231. A base material 25 is arranged on the first intermediate film 231 to produce a first laminate. Then, the second intermediate film 232 and the glass plate 22 are successively laminated on the substrate 25 of the first laminate to produce the second laminate. Then, by heating and pressing the second laminate in a vacuum as described above, a laminated glass having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 12(c) can be produced. The first intermediate film 231 is deformed by heating and pressing in a vacuum, and the first intermediate film 231 comes into contact with the substrate 25 .

In this way, the cross-sectional structure of the windshield can have various forms, and the intermediate film 23 may have a laminated structure of a plurality of intermediate films.

[Example]
Examples will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1)
As shown in the plan view of FIG. 13, a laminated glass 300A simulating a windshield was produced as a sample for evaluation. The laminated glass 300A has a trapezoidal shape in plan view, and has a central region 301 and strip regions 302 and 303 on both sides of the central region 301 .

The central region 301 has a trapezoidal shape in plan view with an upper base La=900 mm, a lower base Lb=1100 mm, and a height Lc=850 mm. The belt-like regions 302 and 303 were parallelograms with a width W1=W2=200 mm from the left and right ends of the laminated glass 300A in plan view. Moreover, the cross-sectional shape was as shown in FIG. 1(b).

A method for manufacturing the laminated glass 300A is as follows.

First, a copper foil having a thickness of 9 μm was attached to a PET film having a thickness of 100 μm, and then etched using photolithography to form a conductive thin line. Then, the first bus bar is arranged on the upper side and the second bus bar is arranged on the lower side, and the third bus bar for taking out the electrode outside the laminated glass 300A is arranged at the upper and lower sides with the minimum length (about 100 mm), and the conductive A PET film with thin lines was produced.

Next, two glass plates (common name FL manufactured by AGC, plate thickness 2 mm) and two intermediate films (PVB manufactured by Solucia Japan, thickness 0.38 mm) were prepared. Then, a laminate was produced by laminating in the order of glass plate/intermediate film/PET film with conductive fine wires/intermediate film/glass plate. Next, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag and adhered at a temperature of about 70 to 110°C in a vacuum of -65 to -100 kPa, and further under the conditions of 100 to 150°C and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa. A heat-pressing treatment was performed to obtain a laminated glass 300A.

In the laminated glass 300A, the calorific value per unit area of the central region 301 and the strip regions 302 and 303, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire, the pitch, the wire diameter, and the wave factor are shown in FIG. was as shown in Example 1.

(Example 2)
A laminated glass having a shape shown in FIG. 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 (for convenience, this is referred to as laminated glass 300B).

In the laminated glass 300B, the calorific value per unit area of the central region 301 and the strip regions 302 and 303, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire, the pitch, the wire diameter, and the wave factor are shown in FIG. was as shown in Example 2.

(Example 3)
A laminated glass having a shape shown in FIG. 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 (for convenience, this laminated glass will be referred to as 300C).

In the laminated glass 300C, the calorific value per unit area of the central region 301 and the strip regions 302 and 303, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive thin wire, the pitch, the wire diameter, and the wave factor are shown in FIG. was as shown in Example 3.

(Example 4)
A laminated glass having a shape shown in FIG. 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 (for convenience, this laminated glass will be referred to as 300D).

In the laminated glass 300D, the calorific value per unit area of the central region 301 and the strip regions 302 and 303, the calorific value per unit length of the conductive fine wire, the pitch, the wire diameter, and the wave factor are shown in FIG. was as shown in Example 4.

(evaluation)
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the positional relationship between the laminated glass for evaluation and the observer, and the laminated glass 300A is placed on a horizontal plane at the same angle as when it is mounted on a vehicle as a windshield, and is likened to a driver. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram when cut in a direction parallel to the horizontal plane at the height of the line of sight of the observer 400 . In FIG. 14, the X direction indicates the lateral direction of the vehicle when the laminated glass 300A is mounted on the vehicle as a windshield, and the Y direction indicates the longitudinal direction of the vehicle when the laminated glass 300A is mounted on the vehicle as the windshield.

As shown in FIG. 14, first, the laminated glass 300A was placed on a horizontal plane at the same angle as when it is mounted on a vehicle as a windshield. At this time, considering the positional relationship with the driver when the laminated glass 300A is mounted on a vehicle as a windshield, the distance Ld = 0.3 m in the X-direction from the right end of the laminated glass 300A and the distance Ld = 0.3 m from the right end of the laminated glass 300A. An observer 400 was placed at a distance Le=0.9 m from the vehicle interior surface in the Y-direction. Also, the angle θ between the viewpoint position of the observer 400 and the center of the band-shaped area 302 is set to 55 degrees.

Next, the voltage of the third bus bar of the laminated glass 300A was changed from 14 [V] assuming the vehicle voltage to 11.5 [V] considering the voltage loss due to the resistance of the third bus bar and harness in the actual product form. was applied. Then, from the position of the observer 400, the electrical distortion of the central region 301 and the belt-like region 302 on the opposite side of the observer 400 was confirmed, and the strength of the electrical distortion was evaluated in four stages from 0 to 3.

Here, 0 is the level at which no electrical strain is felt, 1 is the level at which the electrical strain can be recognized slightly but is hardly noticeable, 2 is the level at which the electrical strain can be recognized but is acceptable, and 3 is the level where the electrical strain is recognizable and unacceptable. 0 and 1 were evaluated as ⊚ (passed), 2 as ◯ (passed), and 3 as x (failed).

The laminated glasses 300B to 300D were also evaluated in the same manner as the laminated glass 300A. The results are shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 15, the laminated glass 300B of Example 2 in which the heat generation amount Wws per unit length of the conductive fine wires in the band-shaped region 302 and the heat generation Wwc per unit length of the conductive fine wires in the central region 301 are equal Although the current strain in the central region 301 was acceptable (⊚), the current strain in the belt-like region 302 was at an unacceptable level and was rated x (failed).

On the other hand, the calorific value Wws per unit length of the conductive fine wire in the band-shaped region 302 is smaller than the calorific value Wwc per unit length of the conductive fine wire in the central region 301, the laminated glass 300A of Example 1, Example In the laminated glass 300C of No. 3 and the laminated glass 300D of Example 4, the electrical strain of the central region 301 was all acceptable (⊚), and the electrical strain of the belt-like region 302 was all acceptable (∘ or ⊚).

In particular, in the laminated glass 300A of Example 1 and the laminated glass 300D of Example 4 in which the heat generation amount Wws per unit length of the conductive fine wire in the band-shaped region 302 is 1.7 W/m or less, the current strain in the central region 301 is All of the electrical strains of the band-shaped regions 302 were also passed (⊚).

Thus, if the amount of heat generated Wws per unit length of the conductive thin wire in the band-shaped region 302 is smaller than the amount of heat Wwc per unit length of the conductive thin wire in the central region 301, the current strain in the central region 301 is also It was found that the electrical distortion of the band-shaped region 302 was also at an allowable level.

Further, when the heat generation amount Wws per unit length of the conductive fine wire in the belt-shaped region 302 is 1.7 W/m or less, the conduction strain of the belt-shaped region 302 is not felt, or the conduction strain can be slightly recognized. It turned out that it can be reduced to a level that is almost unnoticeable.

Although the preferred embodiments and the like have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the like, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiments and the like without departing from the scope of the claims. can be added.

For example, in each of the embodiments and modifications, an example in which the conductive thin wires and each bus bar are arranged on the side of the glass plate 21 inside the vehicle is shown. However, the conductive thin wires and each busbar may be arranged on the side of the glass plate 22 on the outside of the vehicle.

20, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E, 20F, 20G, 20H Windshield 20 ₁ Upper edge 20 ₂ Lower edge 20 ₃ Left edge 20 ₄ Right edge 21, 22 Glass plate 21a, 21b, 22a Surface 23 Intermediate film 24 Shielding layer 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ , 24 ₃ , 24 ₄ Shielding region 25 Base material 28 See-through region 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E, 30F, 30G, 30H Conductive thin wires 31, 31 ₁ , 31 ₂ first bus bars 32, 32 ₁ , 32 2 second bus bars 33, 33 ₁ , 33 ₂ third bus bars 38, 38 ₁ , 38 ₂ , 39, 39 ₁ , _{39 2} , 48 ₁ , 48 ₂ , 49 ₁ , 49 ₂ electrode lead-out portions 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ 4th bus bars 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ 5th bus bars 43 ₁ , ₄₃ 2

Claims (18)

a pair of glass plates facing each other;
an intermediate film positioned between the pair of glass plates;
a plurality of conductive thin wires positioned between the pair of glass plates and heating the see-through region of the pair of glass plates;
the perspective region includes a central region and a band-shaped region adjacent to the central region;
A laminated glass in which the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wires in at least a portion of the band-shaped region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit length of the conductive fine wires in at least a portion of the central region. When the laminated glass is attached to a vehicle,
The central region is a region obtained by combining a test region A defined by UNR43 in the fluoroscopic region and regions vertically adjacent to the test region A,
2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the band-like regions are regions adjacent to the left and right of the central region. 3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the heat generation amount per unit length of the conductive thin wire in at least a part of the band-like region is 0.6 W/m or more and 2.2 W/m or less. 4. The composite according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat generation amount per unit length of the conductive thin wire in at least a part of the band-like region is 0.6 W/m or more and 1.7 W/m or less. glass. 5. The combination according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conductive thin wires arranged in the belt-like region and the conductive thin wires arranged in the central region have different wire diameters at least in part. glass. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conductive thin wires arranged in the band-like region and the conductive thin wires arranged in the central region have different pitches at least in part. . 7. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conductive fine wires arranged in at least part of the band-like region have a pitch of 2.8 mm or less. 8. The composite according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of said band-shaped region is smaller than the amount of heat generated per unit area in at least a portion of said central region. glass. 9. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plurality of thin conductive wires arranged in at least a part of the band-shaped region include conductive thin wires having one or more folds. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, having a horizontal length of 1000 mm or more when the laminated glass is attached to a vehicle. The laminated glass has a left edge, a right edge, an upper edge, and a lower edge when the laminated glass is attached to a vehicle and viewed from the inside of the vehicle,
1 to 8, further comprising a first bus bar and a second bus bar arranged on at least two of the left edge, the right edge, the upper edge, and the lower edge to supply power to the conductive thin wire. 11. The laminated glass according to any one of 10. 12. The laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein the first busbar and the second busbar are arranged on the upper edge and the lower edge. 12. The laminated glass according to claim 11, wherein the first busbar and the second busbar are arranged on the left edge and the right edge. 12. The laminated glass of claim 11, wherein the first busbar and the second busbar are arranged on the left edge, the right edge and the bottom edge. The first bus bar and the second bus bar supply power to the conductive thin wire arranged in the central region,
having a fourth bus bar and a fifth bus bar that feed power to the conductive thin wires arranged in the strip-shaped region;
13. The laminated glass according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said band-shaped region can be heated independently of said central region. 16. The laminated glass of claim 15, wherein at least two of said first busbar, said second busbar, said fourth busbar, and said fifth busbar are disposed on said lower edge. 17. The laminated glass according to claim 16, wherein said fourth bus bar and said fifth bus bar are arranged at said lower edge. The conductive thin wire is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, iron, tungsten, and chromium, an alloy containing two or more metals selected from the group, or a conductive 18. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the laminated glass is formed from a organic polymer.

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