JP2022156583A - Plant culture device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a plant culture device in which temperature changes are suppressed throughout the year, and which can culture crops using hanging shelves stably, at low running cost.SOLUTION: In a plant culture device, a plurality of substantially square cylinder shaped concrete members is provided juxtaposed to allow respective cavities thereof to communicate with each other so as to form a tunnel-shaped culture chamber with the cavities communicating each other. A plurality of embedded members each formed of a nut having an inner screw, is embedded in prescribed positions in an inner face of side wall parts in vertical and lateral directions at equal intervals, and in an inner face of a ceiling part, there is embedded a plurality of similar embedded members. A fitting member is screwed to the embedding member for both to be used integrally as a suspension member 10. A support rod 22 is fixed to the suspension members 10 at a same height on the side wall part, then a hanging shelf 21 is fixed to the support rod 22. The hanging shelf 21 is formed into a substantially shallow box-shape having a mounting plate 21a, and a back face plate 21b is hooked to upper and lower support rods 22 with hooks 21c.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant cultivating apparatus comprising a concrete structure and for cultivating mushrooms such as wood ear mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, maitake mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, and crops such as bean sprouts.

Dark and humid places are suitable for cultivating mushrooms, and mushrooms are often cultivated in forests and forests in the natural world.

Mushrooms are also cultivated using vinyl greenhouses and agricultural greenhouses made of light metal, but these greenhouses require light-shielding curtains, for example. In addition, in the case of cultivation using a greenhouse, the suitable cultivation period is limited to about once a year due to the outside temperature. It is also possible to forcibly control the temperature in the house by heating to extend the cultivation period, but the heat insulating effect is small, so extra costs such as heating costs are incurred. Furthermore, it is difficult to control the humidity inside the house in response to temperature fluctuations.

Moreover, when the above-mentioned greenhouses are used, the number of occurrences of huge typhoons tends to increase due to the effects of recent global warming, and if such typhoons hit directly, the greenhouses will inevitably collapse.

In view of such problems, Patent Literature 1 discloses a mushroom cultivation system using a gate-shaped concrete structure without a concrete bottom.

The gate-shaped concrete structure shown in Patent Document 1 is a concrete structure having a width of 3 m, an inner height of 2.5 m, an effective length of 1.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.25 m. have weight.

A plurality of such gate-shaped concrete structures are connected to form a cultivation tunnel for use. According to this mushroom cultivation apparatus with a concrete structure, there is little damage from typhoons, etc., sunlight does not enter, there is little temperature change throughout the year, and humidity can be easily adjusted. An ideal environment for growing mushrooms can be obtained, and mushrooms can be harvested at any time.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-103

However, the gate-shaped concrete structure shown in Patent Document 1 supports the weight of this structure only by the sides of the two sides of the gate, so it has a base that can withstand the load of the heavy concrete structure. There is a need. Therefore, when placing such a heavy object, it is necessary to provide a strong foundation including reinforcing bars, which requires large-scale foundation work.

Without this strong foundation, concrete structures may sink or tilt over time, joints between concrete structures may expand, causing rain to leak inside, and outside air to enter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a concrete plant cultivating apparatus that requires simple foundation work, has little internal temperature change throughout the year, and is capable of stably cultivating crops at low running costs.

A plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a substantially square cylindrical concrete member having a hollow portion with two side walls, a bottom surface, and a ceiling formed on the inner surface of the hollow portion. A plant cultivating apparatus comprising a connecting body connecting the concrete members of , and using the hollow portion communicating with the inside as a cultivation chamber, wherein a plurality of suspension members are provided on the inner surface of at least the side wall portion of the cultivation chamber. and a hanging shelf for growing crops is provided on the side wall portion using the hanging member.

The plant cultivating apparatus according to the present invention has high durability and is less susceptible to weather conditions such as unseasonable weather and typhoons. For example, in the case of cultivating mushrooms, stable production is possible regardless of the season. Become.

1 is a perspective view of a concrete member of an example; FIG. It is a perspective view of a connecting body. It is explanatory drawing of the embedding|buried embedding member. It is explanatory drawing of the suspension member which screwed the attachment member to the embedded|buried embedding member. It is an explanatory view of an electric machine room. It is explanatory drawing of a cultivation room. It is a block diagram of a hanging shelf.

The present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a concrete member 1 according to an embodiment. This concrete member 1 is precast at a factory and has a substantially rectangular tubular shape with reinforcing bars embedded therein. A plant cultivation apparatus is constructed by connecting these concrete members 1 .

This concrete member 1 is widely used as a culvert in civil engineering work, etc., and is mainly composed of a known structure called a box culvert. Each concrete member 1 has an internal height of 2.2 m, an internal width of 2.2 m, an effective length of 1.5 m, and a thickness of 0.2 m.

A concrete member 1 is composed of side wall portions 2, 2 on both sides, a bottom portion 3, a ceiling portion 4, and a hollow portion 5 inside. At the four corners of the concrete member 1, reinforcing portions 6 having a side of 0.2 m in the shape of a right triangle are provided for reinforcement. Two drain grooves 7 are specially ordered in the depth direction at two locations at the time of manufacture. The size of the hollow portion 5 in the concrete member 1 is set to a size that does not hinder a person working in the hollow portion 5 .

As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of embedded members 8 made of metal or synthetic resin, for example, nuts having internal threads, are custom-ordered when the concrete member 1 is manufactured, vertically and horizontally on the inner surfaces of the side walls 2, 2. For example, they are buried at regular intervals.

Further, on the inner surface of the ceiling portion 4, similar embedding members 8 are embedded at a plurality of predetermined positions. A mounting member 9 made of metal or synthetic resin is screwed or welded to these embedded members 8 as shown in FIG.

The hanging member 10 that can be attached to the side wall portions 2, 2 and the ceiling portion 4 may be provided at least for one step along the horizontal direction of the side wall portion 2. It can be appropriately provided with respect to the step and the ceiling part 4 .

Further, instead of the embedded member 8, the mounting member 9 can be directly embedded in the side wall portions 2, 2 and the ceiling portion 4 as the suspension member 10. FIG. The shape of the mounting member 9 may be, for example, an L-shaped hook member other than the annular body shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, this plant cultivation apparatus is arranged on the ground as a connecting body 11 in which a plurality of concrete members 1 are connected with the bottom portion 3 of the concrete member 1 facing downward. To install this concrete member 1, crushed stone is first laid on the ground, and for example, two concrete or wooden rails slightly sloped on one side are arranged along the arrangement direction of the concrete members 1. As shown in FIG. After that, pour a lot of dry mortar between the rails, smooth it with a ruler to make it the same height as the rails, and start the foundation work.

Concrete members 1 are lifted one by one by a crane or the like and placed on rails while being connected and fixed to pre-placed concrete member 1 using a male-female fitting structure formed in advance in concrete member 1. go. The number of concrete members 1 to be arranged is preferably about 5 to 10 or so, but the number can be increased or decreased along with the expansion or reduction of the scale of production during use.

Compared with the gate-shaped building of Patent Document 1, the concrete member 1 of the present embodiment is manufactured integrally with the side wall portions 2, 2, the ceiling portion 4, and the bottom portion 3. Since the load of the entire member 1 can be supported, there is no need for a conventional large-scale foundation work.

A plurality of concrete members 1 are connected as a connecting body 11 by using a male-female fitting structure previously formed at the ends of the concrete members 1 so that the cavities 5 communicate with each other and the drain grooves 7 communicate with each other. In this case, if necessary, the concrete members 1 may be connected by connecting fittings 12 to reinforce the connection. By this connection, a tunnel-shaped cultivation chamber 13 is formed inside the connector 11 in which the cavities 5 communicate with each other. The drain grooves 7 are also communicated with each other so that the drain water can be discharged. In this case, the gaps between the concrete members 1 are filled with, for example, mortar or the like to seal them so that there is no water leakage from the joints between the drainage grooves 7 as well.

In the cultivation room 13 made of such a concrete member 1, the temperature does not rise so much even in the summer and does not cool down significantly even in the winter due to the heat insulation properties of the concrete. Therefore, the temperature can be kept almost constant. Furthermore, since there is almost no sunlight incident thereon, a suitable field for cultivating mushrooms can be obtained by devising ways to increase the humidity.

As shown in FIG. 2, an entrance door 14 is provided at the end of the connecting body 11 of the concrete member 1, and a partition door 15 shown in FIG. This partition door 15 is conveniently placed between the endmost concrete member 1 and the next concrete member 1 in terms of construction.

In addition, it is preferable to use the cavity 5 in the foremost concrete member 1 between the entrance door 14 and the partition door 15 as the electric machine room 16 of the plant cultivation apparatus. It can also be used as a place to store work materials. In addition, it is not necessary to provide the partition door 15 on the concrete member 1 other than the boundary with the concrete member 1 at the end of the connecting body 11 .

In the electric machine room 16, a control panel 17 related to power supply equipment for the ventilation means, humidification means, heating means, and lighting means in the cultivation room 13, a mist generator 18, etc. are attached to the embedded member 8 using bolts. Fixed. Moreover, you may provide the air conditioning equipment in which cooling and heating with respect to the cultivation room 13 are possible as needed. Since the electric machine room 16 is separated from the environment inside the cultivation room 13 with high humidity by the partition door 15, failure of the electric equipment in the electric machine room 16 can be reduced.

The cultivation room 13 is double-closed by an entrance door 14 and a partition door 15, and even if an operator enters and exits the cultivation room 13 through the partition door 15, the environment in the cultivation room 13 does not change significantly. do not have.

The entrance door 14 and the partition door 15 are provided with a ventilation fan 19 used for ventilation in the cultivation room 13 and the electric machine room 16 in addition to doors for taking in and out of crops and for entering and exiting workers. The other end of the connecting body 11 is closed by an entrance door or the like as necessary, and it is preferable to provide the ventilation fan 19 also in this entrance door.

As shown in FIG. 6, along the side walls 2, 2 on both sides, using the hanging member 10 composed of the embedding member 8 and the mounting member 9 embedded in the side walls 2, 2 of the cultivation chamber 13, A plurality of stages of hanging racks 21 for growing crops are provided, and mushroom beds, for example, are placed on these hanging racks 21 . A passage is provided in the central part of the cultivation room 13, and this passage is also used as a work space for hanging shelves 21 on both sides.

As for the structure of the hanging shelf 21, in this embodiment, metal supporting rods 22 are fixed to the hanging members 10 having the same height, and the hanging shelf 21 as shown in FIG. is doing. The hanging shelf 21 has a substantially shallow box shape having a mounting plate 21a, and a rear plate 21b is hooked to the support rod 22 by a hook 21c. A partition 21d is provided in the hanging shelf 21 so that the mushroom bed does not move due to an earthquake or the like. If necessary, the tip of the hanging shelf 21 may be hung from the hanging member 10 on the upper part of the side walls 2, 2 or from the hanging member 10 on the ceiling 4 by a wire 21e. Various means can be applied to the structure of the hanging shelf 21 and the hanging method using the hanging member 10 .

The number of stages of the suspended shelves 21 to be constructed, that is, the vertical gap between the suspended shelves 21 can be appropriately selected according to the type of crops to be cultivated and workability.

According to the gate-shaped concrete structure disclosed in Patent Literature 1, cultivation racks assembled in the form of shelf boards can be arranged from the floor surface along the wall. However, in the concrete member 1 used in this embodiment, since the reinforcing portion 6 is provided between the side wall portions 2 and the bottom portion 3, the cultivation rack can extend from the bottom portion 3 along the side wall portions 2 and 2. etc. is difficult to place.

Therefore, by suspending the hanging shelf 21 using the hanging members 10 of the side wall portions 2, 2 and the ceiling portion 4, the hanging shelf 21 is arranged along the side wall portions 2, 2, and the wasted space is reduced. be able to. Moreover, according to such a hanging shelf 21, since there is nothing under the feet of the operator, there is a degree of freedom around the legs, which facilitates the work.

Thus, hanging shelves 21 are arranged on the side walls 2 , 2 of the cultivation chamber 13 having the cavity 5 . On the other hand, in the ceiling part 4, a sprayer 23 as humidifying means connected to the mist generator 18 using the suspension member 10 arranged in the ceiling part 4, an electric heater 24 as heating means, an electric fan 25, and a lamp as lighting means. 26 are provided, and pipes, wirings, etc. connected to these means are suspended using suspension members 10 of the ceiling section 4 .

In Patent Document 1, the heater is arranged on the floor, and the fan and the like are provided above the cultivation rack. can be used effectively.

Humidity sensors and temperature sensors are installed at appropriate locations in the cultivation room 13, and the electric machine room 16 is controlled so that the humidity and temperature in the cultivation room 13 do not fluctuate according to target values. If the electric heater 24 and fan 25 are controlled by the control device of the panel 17, substantially unmanned operation becomes possible. Also, if a TV camera is installed in the cultivation room 13, the growth of crops in the plant cultivation apparatus can be monitored even in a remote location.

When mushrooms are cultivated in such a cultivation room 13, mist is sprayed over the entire cultivation room 13 using a humidifying means such as a mist generator 18 or a sprayer 23, making it suitable for mushroom cultivation. environment.

In this plant cultivation apparatus, a box-shaped fungus bed in which mushroom fungi are planted in a medium mixed with nutrients is placed on a hanging shelf 21, and mist is sprayed from a sprayer 23 to make the cultivation chamber 13 humid. The electric light 26 is mainly for the work of the worker, but when cultivating a plant that undergoes photosynthesis, the lighting control of the electric light 26 can promote photosynthesis.

When the humidity becomes saturated, the moisture condensed on the ceiling 4, the side walls 2, 2, etc., travels along the side walls 2, 2 and concentrates in the drainage ditch 7, and the slanted and connected drainage ditch 7 is used for plant cultivation. It is discharged outside the device.

Furthermore, for example, if a solar panel is installed on the upper part of the connecting body 11 and the generated power is stored in a storage battery and used, even in mountainous areas where commercial power is not available and land prices are low and there is no water supply or sewage system, This plant cultivation device can also be installed. Electric power generated by the solar panel can pump water from wells and rivers for humidification, and can electrically operate ventilation means, humidification means, heating means, and lighting means. Evaporation equipment and permeation equipment can be used for drainage.

In this embodiment, the cultivation of mushrooms was mainly explained, but by adjusting the humidity, temperature and lighting, it is possible to cultivate vegetables and fruits such as bean sprouts that prefer a dark room regardless of the season.

1 Concrete Member 2 Side Wall Part 3 Bottom Part 4 Ceiling Part 5 Cavity Part 6 Reinforcing Part 7 Drainage Groove 8 Embedding Member 9 Mounting Member 10 Hanging Member 11 Connector 13 Cultivation Room 14 Entrance Door 15 Partition Door 16 Electric Machine Room 21 Hanging Shelf

Claims (12)

The inner surface of a hollow portion of a concrete member having a substantially rectangular cylindrical shape is defined as two side walls, a bottom surface, and a ceiling, and a connecting body is constructed by connecting a plurality of the concrete members with the bottom surface facing downward. A plant cultivating device using the communicating hollow portion as a cultivating chamber,
A plant cultivation apparatus, wherein a plurality of hanging members are attached to the inner surface of at least the side wall portion of the cultivation chamber, and a hanging shelf for growing crops is provided on the side wall portion using the hanging members. 2. The plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the hanging member is attached to the inner surface of the ceiling portion, and the humidifying means, the heating means, and the lighting means are arranged using the hanging member of the ceiling portion. Device. 3. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concrete members are connected so that the hollow portions communicate with each other, and the cultivation chamber is formed in a tunnel shape. 4. The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a drainage groove is arranged in said bottom surface of said concrete member. The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hanging member is embedded in the inner surface of the cavity. 5. The suspension member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the suspension member comprises an embedded member embedded in the inner surface of the hollow portion and a mounting member screwed or welded to the embedded member. The plant cultivation device according to 1. The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hanging shelf is hung by the hanging member along the side wall. The inside of the concrete member at the end of the connecting body is used as an electric machine room equipped with a device for controlling the humidity and temperature of the cultivation room, and the inside of the other concrete member is used as the cultivation room. Item 8. The plant cultivation device according to any one of items 1 to 7. A sprayer, a heater, and a lamp are attached via the suspension member of the ceiling, and these pipes and electric wires are suspended by the suspension member along the ceiling. The plant cultivation device according to any one of items 1 and 2. 10. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein an entrance door is provided at the entrance of the electric machine room, and a partition door is provided at a boundary between the electric machine room and the cultivation room. 11. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the entrance door and the partition door are provided with ventilation fans. 12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein a solar panel is arranged on the connecting body, and electric power generated by the solar panel operates the heating means, the humidifying means, and the lighting means. The plant cultivation device according to Item 1.

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