JP2022146433A - Near-infrared transmission canopy - Google Patents

Near-infrared transmission canopy Download PDF

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JP2022146433A
JP2022146433A JP2021047389A JP2021047389A JP2022146433A JP 2022146433 A JP2022146433 A JP 2022146433A JP 2021047389 A JP2021047389 A JP 2021047389A JP 2021047389 A JP2021047389 A JP 2021047389A JP 2022146433 A JP2022146433 A JP 2022146433A
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eaves
infrared
power generation
building
canopy
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和彦 梅田
Kazuhiko Umeda
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Taisei Corp
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Abstract

To develop a solar shielding member for walls that achieves both solar cell (PV) power generation and glare prevention.SOLUTION: There is provided an eaves with a transparent structure that does not transmit visible light (VL) but transmits near-infrared rays (NIR).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

太陽電池を壁面に設けた建築技術に関する。壁面に太陽電池を取り付けた建物がある。一方、空調への負荷やまぶしさを抑制する庇(防眩材)を設けることがある。本発明は、建築分野におけるエネルギーの調整に関する技術である。 The present invention relates to construction technology in which solar cells are provided on walls. There is a building with solar cells attached to the walls. On the other hand, eaves (anti-glare material) may be provided to reduce the load on air conditioning and glare. The present invention is a technology related to energy adjustment in the construction field.

太陽電池を壁面に設けた建物が提案されている。特許文献1(特開2000-64555号公報)には、建物の外壁に、着脱自在な大きさの異なる太陽電池の取付板支持手段をそれぞれ取り付け、太陽電池が配設された太陽電池取付板を、外壁に傾斜した状態で取り付け効率よく太陽光線を受けることができるようにした建物が開示されている。 Buildings with solar cells on the walls have been proposed. In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-64555), detachable solar cell mounting plate supporting means of different sizes are attached to the outer wall of a building, and solar cell mounting plates on which solar cells are arranged are attached. , discloses a building that is attached to an outer wall in an inclined state so that it can receive sunlight efficiently.

一方、建物の西日の遮光や視線の遮蔽のために外壁に縦ルーバーを平行に設けた建物(例えば、特許文献2(特開2019-132073号公報)が提案されている。
本発明者らは、特許文献3(特開2019-1655868号公報)に、採光性と太陽光発電を備えたガラス建材に関する発明を提案している。この発明では、近赤外線を反射させて、太陽光発電の発電効率を向上させる提案をした。
On the other hand, a building has been proposed in which vertical louvers are provided in parallel on the outer wall to block the evening sun and line of sight of the building (for example, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-132073)).
The present inventors have proposed an invention relating to a glass building material with daylighting properties and solar power generation in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-1655868). In this invention, a proposal was made to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation by reflecting near-infrared rays.

特開2000-64555号公報JP-A-2000-64555 特開2019-132073号公報JP 2019-132073 A 特開2019-165568号公報JP 2019-165568 A

本発明は、太陽電池の発電と防眩を両立させる壁面用日射遮蔽部材を開発することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to develop a solar radiation shielding member for wall surfaces that achieves both power generation of solar cells and antiglare.

太陽光を遮る機能を果たす垂直方向あるいは水平方向に設けられる建物の庇に、可視光を透過せずに、近赤外光を透過する素材を用いることにより、建物内入る可視光を制限し、太陽光発電を向上させることができることに着目した発明である。
1.可視光線(VL:Visible Light)を透過せず、近赤外線(NIR:Near infrared rays)を透過する構造を備えた庇。
2.庇が水平又は垂直であることを特徴とする1.記載の庇。
3.太陽光発電部材を有する建物の外壁に1.又は2.記載の庇を設けたことを特徴とする建物。
By using materials that transmit near-infrared light but do not transmit visible light, the eaves of buildings that are installed vertically or horizontally to block sunlight are used to limit the amount of visible light that enters the building. This invention focuses on the ability to improve photovoltaic power generation.
1. A canopy having a structure that does not transmit visible light (VL) but transmits near infrared rays (NIR).
2. 1. Eaves are horizontal or vertical. Eaves as described.
3. 1. On the outer wall of a building with photovoltaic components. or 2. The building is characterized by having the eaves described.

1.本発明の庇を使用することにより、太陽光発電の低下を抑制しながら、可視光の入射を制限できるので防眩効果も確保することができる。
2.太陽光発電を行う機能を付加した建物において、建築外観(建築ファサード)設計の制約が少なくなり、意匠性の優れた建物を実現することができる。太陽光発電は、建物の窓を含む外壁に設けることができる。
1. By using the eaves of the present invention, it is possible to limit the incidence of visible light while suppressing a decrease in photovoltaic power generation, so that an anti-glare effect can be ensured.
2. In a building with the added function of photovoltaic power generation, restrictions on architectural appearance (architectural façade) design are reduced, and a building with excellent design can be realized. Solar power can be installed on the exterior walls of buildings, including windows.

縦方向の庇が設けられた建物の例を示す図A diagram showing an example of a building with vertical eaves 本発明の外壁構造を示す模式図、(a)立面図、(b)縦断面図、(c)横断面図Schematic diagram showing the outer wall structure of the present invention, (a) elevation view, (b) longitudinal sectional view, (c) transverse sectional view 遮光庇を設けた従来の外壁構造を示す模式図、(a)立面図、(b)縦断面図、(c)横断面図Schematic diagram showing conventional exterior wall structure provided with light shielding eaves, (a) Elevation view, (b) Vertical cross-sectional view, (c) Cross-sectional view 日光と太陽光発電に関する波長を示す図、(a)太陽光発電の種類と発電波長、(b)近赤外線透過膜の波長特性の例Diagram showing wavelengths related to sunlight and photovoltaic power generation, (a) Types of photovoltaic power generation and power generation wavelengths, (b) Examples of wavelength characteristics of near-infrared transmission films 近赤外線透過庇の例1を示す図The figure which shows the example 1 of a near-infrared transmission canopy. 近赤外線透過庇の例2を示す図The figure which shows the example 2 of a near-infrared transmission eaves

本発明は、可視光線(VL:Visible Light)を透過せずに、近赤外線(NIR:Near infrared rays)を透過する構造を備えた庇である。庇は、日よけなどのために建物の窓などの上や脇に設けられる突出部である。本発明は、外面に太陽光発電機能を装備した建物に対して、可視光の入射を制限して防眩を確保するとともに、近赤外光が透過する庇を設けて、太陽光発電の発電に利用するものである。外壁等に太陽光発電機能を付加しても、建築外観(建築ファサード)設計の制約が少なくなり、意匠性の優れた建物を実現することができる発明である。
太陽光発電は、建物の窓を含む外壁に設けることができる。
なお、太陽光発電機能を庇自体に設けた提案が特開2014-136916号公報や特開2014-136920号公報になされている。太陽光発電機能を搭載した部材を建物から片持ち状態で突出させることは、風圧や耐震性を考慮すると、外見上の損傷はなくても内部に存在する電気配線の断線、発電素子の損傷等への対策が必要となるが、本発明の庇は、近赤外光を選択的に透過する材料を使用するだけで電気的要素がないため、外観を損傷しない強度確保のみで電気的な配慮を必要としない。
The present invention is an eaves having a structure that does not transmit visible light (VL) but transmits near infrared rays (NIR). An eave is a protruding part provided on or beside a window of a building for shade from the sun. The present invention restricts the incidence of visible light to ensure anti-glare for a building equipped with a photovoltaic power generation function on the exterior surface, and provides a canopy through which near-infrared light can pass to generate photovoltaic power generation. It is used for Even if a photovoltaic power generation function is added to an outer wall or the like, restrictions on architectural appearance (architectural façade) design are reduced, and a building with excellent design can be realized.
Solar power can be installed on the exterior walls of buildings, including windows.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-136916 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-136920 propose that the eaves themselves have a solar power generation function. Protruding from the building in a cantilevered state with a member equipped with a photovoltaic power generation function, considering wind pressure and earthquake resistance, even if there is no external damage, there is a disconnection of the electric wiring existing inside, damage to the power generation element, etc. However, the eaves of the present invention only uses a material that selectively transmits near-infrared light and has no electrical elements, so it is only necessary to secure strength that does not damage the appearance. does not require

図1に縦方向の庇が設けられた建物の例を示す。
建物1には、外壁2から突出した庇3が縦方向に複数設けられている。建物1の外壁2には、水平に窓4とスパンドレル5が設けられている。本例では、スパンドレルの部分に太陽電池(PV)6を設けている。なお、本明細書では、「スパンドレル」を「天井裏空間に該当する部分の外壁」として、定義することとする。
太陽光発電は、スパンドレル部分や窓部分に設けることができる。窓に設ける場合は、採光性のある太陽光発電を採用する。
Figure 1 shows an example of a building with vertical eaves.
A building 1 is provided with a plurality of eaves 3 projecting from an outer wall 2 in the vertical direction. An outer wall 2 of a building 1 is provided with windows 4 and spandrels 5 horizontally. In this example, a solar cell (PV) 6 is provided in the spandrel portion. In this specification, the term "spandrel" is defined as "the outer wall of the part corresponding to the ceiling space".
Photovoltaic power generation can be provided in the spandrel portion and the window portion. If it is installed on a window, a solar power generation system with daylighting will be adopted.

近赤外光を透過する庇を設けた本発明の外壁構造を示す模式図を図2に示す。(a)は立面図、(b)は縦断面図、(c)は横断面図を示している。
窓4とスパンドレルに設けられた太陽電池6外側に庇3が縦方向に複数平行に設けられている。(c)に示すように、太陽光の日射7が斜めに建物当たると、太陽光は建物の奥まで入り、まぶしくなることとなる。本発明の近赤外光を選択的に透過する庇31を設けることにより、庇31の影となる部分には、近赤外光71が入射するので、この近赤外光を発電に変換する太陽電池は、発電効率を上げることができる。一方、可視光は遮られるので、室内ではまぶしさが軽減される。
NIRを反射するLow-E ガラスを組込んでいるペアガラスを窓ガラスに使用した場合、NIRが庇を透過しても、建物の空調負荷を増加させることはない。PVを窓に使用する場合、ペアガラスの屋外側ガラスにPV モジュールを、同ガラスの屋内側にLow-E ガラスを使用することができる。したがって、近赤外光を透過する庇を用いても、建物の省エネルギー作用を低下させることは無い。
図3は、従来の遮光庇32を設けた例を示しており、横断面図(c)にみられるように、遮光された部分は日陰73が形成されることとなるので、日陰になった部分の太陽電池6の発電能力は低下することとなる。
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram showing an outer wall structure of the present invention provided with a canopy that transmits near-infrared light. (a) is an elevation view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view, and (c) is a transverse sectional view.
A plurality of eaves 3 are provided in parallel in the vertical direction outside the window 4 and the solar cells 6 provided on the spandrel. As shown in (c), when the sunlight 7 hits the building obliquely, the sunlight penetrates deep into the building and becomes dazzling. By providing the eaves 31 that selectively transmit the near-infrared light of the present invention, the near-infrared light 71 is incident on the shadowed portion of the eaves 31, so that the near-infrared light is converted into power generation. Solar cells can increase power generation efficiency. On the other hand, since visible light is blocked, glare is reduced indoors.
When double glazing incorporating NIR reflecting Low-E glass is used in the glazing, NIR transmission through the eaves does not increase the air conditioning load of the building. When PV is used for windows, PV modules can be used on the outdoor side of the double glazing, and Low-E glass can be used on the indoor side of the same glass. Therefore, even if the eaves that transmit near-infrared light are used, the energy-saving effect of the building is not lowered.
FIG. 3 shows an example in which a conventional light shielding canopy 32 is provided. The power generation capacity of the solar cells 6 of the part will be lowered.

日光と太陽光発電に関する波長の関係を図4に示す。(a)はアモルファスシリコン型太陽電池は可視光を発電に利用しており、結晶シリコン型太陽電池は近赤外光の利用率が高いことを示している。太陽光発電変換率は、結晶シリコン型太陽電池が高いので、本発明では結晶シリコン型の太陽電池を用いることが有利である。なお、近赤外線は波長がおよそ0.8~2.5μmの電磁波とされ、中赤外線は、波長がおよそ2.5~4μmとされ、可視光線に相当する電磁波の波長は、およそ0.4~0.8μmである。
本発明の近赤外光を透過する庇は、この0.8~2.5μm(800~2500nm)程度の波長を透過し、0.8μm以下の波長の電磁波を透過しない(反射することも含む)光透過特性を備えている。なお、いくぶんかは可視光を透過してもよく、可視光域の透過率を波長選択的あるいは可視光全域の透過率を調整してもよく、太陽電池の発電性能を考慮すると、おおよそ0.7~0.8μmを境界とすればよいのであって、厳密に電磁波の波長で区分する必要はない。
FIG. 4 shows the wavelength relationship for sunlight and photovoltaics. (a) shows that the amorphous silicon solar cell utilizes visible light for power generation, while the crystalline silicon solar cell utilizes near-infrared light at a high rate. Since the photovoltaic conversion rate is high in crystalline silicon type solar cells, it is advantageous to use crystalline silicon type solar cells in the present invention. Near infrared rays are electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of about 0.8 to 2.5 μm, middle infrared rays are about 2.5 to 4 μm in wavelength, and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves corresponding to visible light is about 0.4 μm. 0.8 μm.
The eaves that transmit near-infrared light of the present invention transmit wavelengths of about 0.8 to 2.5 μm (800 to 2500 nm), and do not transmit electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 0.8 μm or less (including reflection ) with optical transmission properties. It should be noted that the visible light may be transmitted to some extent, the transmittance in the visible light range may be wavelength-selective, or the transmittance in the entire visible light range may be adjusted. The boundary may be 7 to 0.8 μm, and it is not necessary to strictly classify the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

近赤外線(NIR)透過膜の光を透過する波長特性の例を図4(b)に示す。このように近赤外線の波長域である800nm(0.8μm)以上を透過し、およそ800nm(0.8μm)以下の可視光域は透過しない近赤外線透過膜を採用することができる。 FIG. 4(b) shows an example of the wavelength characteristics of the near-infrared (NIR) transmissive film that transmits light. In this way, a near-infrared transmitting film can be employed that transmits near-infrared wavelengths of 800 nm (0.8 μm) or more and does not transmit visible light regions of about 800 nm (0.8 μm) or less.

近赤外線透過構造を備えた庇は、近赤外線(NIR)透過膜をガラスに蒸着させる方法又はフィルム状にする方法を採用することができる。これらの技術は、合わせガラスの製造方法を応用することができる。
なお、ガラスには、青板、白板と称されるガラスがある。ガラスに含まれる珪素、カルシウム、ナトリウムの金属酸化物の成分が発色し緑色に見えることから青板(青板ガラス)と呼ばれている。青板と同じ成分で高純度原料を使用して、紫外線からVL、NIRの波長範囲で高い透過率を示す白板(高透過ガラス)であって、PV用のガラスとして使用される。本発明の庇には、このようなガラスを含めて使用することができる。
A canopy having a near-infrared transmitting structure can adopt a method of vapor-depositing a near-infrared (NIR) transmitting film on glass or a method of forming a film. These techniques can be applied to the manufacturing method of laminated glass.
Glass includes soda plate and white plate glass. It is called soda plate (blue plate glass) because the metal oxide components of silicon, calcium, and sodium contained in the glass develop a color and appear green. It is a white plate (high-transmittance glass) that exhibits high transmittance in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to VL and NIR by using high-purity raw materials with the same components as the blue plate, and is used as glass for PV. The eaves of the present invention can be used including such glass.

図5に近赤外線透過庇Aの構造を示す。
フィルム状NIR透過膜81aの表裏にシート状封止材82を介して、両面にガラス83a、83bを設け、側部にアルミ枠84を取り付けて近赤外線透過庇A31aを形成している。このフィルム状NIR透過膜の適用事例として、テレビのリモコンのレーザー透過部カバーがある。
また、シート状封止材として、合成樹脂のEVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer)などが利用できる。ガラスとしては、建築用のガラスやPVモジュールのカバーガラスとして使われる高透過ガラスなどを利用することができる。
FIG. 5 shows the structure of the near-infrared transmissive canopy A. As shown in FIG.
Glass sheets 83a and 83b are provided on both sides of the film-like NIR-transmitting film 81a with a sheet-like sealing material 82 interposed therebetween, and an aluminum frame 84 is attached to the side to form a near-infrared transmitting canopy A31a. As an application example of this film-like NIR transmissive film, there is a laser transmissive part cover of a TV remote controller.
Further, EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), which is a synthetic resin, or the like can be used as the sheet-like sealing material. As the glass, architectural glass, high transmission glass used as a cover glass for PV modules, and the like can be used.

図6に近赤外線透過庇Bの構造を示す。
一方のガラス83bの表面にNIR透過材料を蒸着して製膜してNIR透過膜81bを形成する。NIR透過膜81bの表面にシート状封止材82を介して、ガラス83aを載せて一体化し、側部にアルミ枠84を取り付けて近赤外線透過庇B31bを形成している。
蒸着NIR透過膜として、虹彩認証や静脈認証用センサーに使用されている素材を使用することができる。
FIG. 6 shows the structure of the near-infrared transmissive canopy B. As shown in FIG.
An NIR transmitting material is vapor-deposited on the surface of one glass 83b to form an NIR transmitting film 81b. A glass 83a is put on the surface of the NIR transmissive film 81b through a sheet-like sealing material 82 and integrated, and an aluminum frame 84 is attached to the side to form a near-infrared transmissive canopy B31b.
Materials used in sensors for iris authentication and vein authentication can be used as the vapor-deposited NIR transmissive film.

近赤外線透過膜を構成する材料には次のようなものがある。
近赤外線(NIR)透過膜は、NIRを透過する材料であるシリコン(Si)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)、合成石英(FS)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、N-BK7、臭化カリウム(KBr)、サファイア、塩化ナトリウム(NaCl)、ジンクセレン(ZnSe)、硫化亜鉛(ZnS)等があって、これらの化合物をガラスやフィルムに蒸着させる方法で製膜することができる。
近赤外線透過剤は、東洋ビジュアルソリューションズ(株)や(株)トクシキが提供している例もある。
Materials that constitute the near-infrared transmissive film include the following.
The near-infrared (NIR) transmissive film is made of silicon (Si), calcium fluoride (CaF2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), synthetic quartz (FS), germanium (Ge), N-BK7, NIR-transmissive materials. Potassium bromide (KBr), sapphire, sodium chloride (NaCl), zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc sulfide (ZnS), etc. can be formed by vapor deposition of these compounds on glass or film.
Toyo Visual Solutions Co., Ltd. and Tokushiki Co., Ltd. provide examples of near-infrared transmitting agents.

表1に、近赤外線透過庇と従来の庇を適用した場合の発電効率を検討した一例を示す。
条件設定として、地上10階、延べ床面積10.000mの建物において、南面、東面、西面のスパンドレル(SD)部の壁面に発電効率20%の太陽電池を設置した建物であって、庇なしの例(A)、従来の遮光庇の例(B)、近赤外線透過庇の例(C)を想定している。
比較項目は、室内の光環境(眩しさ)、発電量(E1)である。庇なしの例(A)を基準として、比較した結果を表1に示す。
Table 1 shows an example of examining power generation efficiency when a near-infrared transmissive canopy and a conventional canopy are applied.
As a condition setting, in a building with 10 floors above ground and a total floor area of 10.000m2, solar cells with a power generation efficiency of 20% are installed on the walls of the spandrel (SD) sections on the south, east, and west faces, An example without eaves (A), an example with conventional light-shielding eaves (B), and an example with near-infrared transmissive eaves (C) are assumed.
The comparison items are indoor light environment (glare) and power generation amount (E1). Table 1 shows the results of comparison using the example (A) without the eaves as a reference.

Figure 2022146433000002
Figure 2022146433000002

表1に示すように、本発明のNIR透過庇(C)の場合、室内の眩しさは、従来の庇(B)程度に軽減されている。太陽電池(PV)の発電量は、庇がない場合(A)に比べてNIR透過庇(C)では55%程度に減少するが、従来の庇(B)が2%程度であるので、発電量が向上している。
本発明は、太陽光発電効果と防眩効果を奏することが明らかである。
As shown in Table 1, in the case of the NIR transmission canopy (C) of the present invention, the glare in the room is reduced to the level of the conventional canopy (B). The amount of power generated by the solar cell (PV) is reduced to about 55% with the NIR transmission canopy (C) compared to the case without the canopy (A), but the conventional canopy (B) is about 2%, so power generation quantity is improving.
It is clear that the present invention has a solar power generation effect and an anti-glare effect.

1 建物
2 外壁
3 庇
31 近赤外線透過庇
31a 近赤外線透過庇A
31b 近赤外線透過庇B
32 従来の庇
4 窓
5 スパンドレル
6 太陽電池(PV)
7 日射
71 近赤外線(NIR)
73 日陰
81a、81b フィルム状NIR透過膜
82 シート状封止材
83a、83b ガラス
84 アルミ枠
1 building 2 outer wall 3 eaves 31 near-infrared transmissive eaves 31a near-infrared transmissive eaves A
31b Near-infrared transmission canopy B
32 Conventional canopy 4 Window 5 Spandrel 6 Solar cell (PV)
7 Solar radiation 71 Near infrared (NIR)
73 Shade 81a, 81b Film-like NIR-transmitting film 82 Sheet-like sealing material 83a, 83b Glass 84 Aluminum frame

Claims (3)

可視光線(VL:Visible Light)を透過せず、近赤外線(NIR:Near infrared rays)を透過する構造を備えた庇。 A canopy having a structure that does not transmit visible light (VL) but transmits near infrared rays (NIR). 庇が水平又は垂直であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の庇。 The canopy according to claim 1, characterized in that the canopy is horizontal or vertical. 太陽光発電部材を有する建物の外壁に請求項1又は2記載の庇を設けたことを特徴とする建物。 3. A building comprising a photovoltaic member and the eaves according to claim 1 or 2 provided on an outer wall of the building.
JP2021047389A 2021-03-22 2021-03-22 Near-infrared transmission canopy Pending JP2022146433A (en)

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