JP2022133614A - Management method of secondary battery, management device of secondary battery, management system of secondary battery, battery-mounted apparatus, and management program of secondary battery - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a management method of secondary battery that appropriately determines whether during diagnosing deterioration state of a secondary battery, an internal state of the secondary battery should be updated.SOLUTION: The management method of secondary battery is provided. The management method includes comparing, for a battery voltage in charging or discharging of the secondary battery, prediction data based on an estimated internal state of the secondary battery and conditions in charging or discharging of the secondary battery to measurement data. On the basis of comparison result between the prediction data and measurement data, the management method determines whether the estimated internal state of the secondary battery should be updated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a secondary battery management method, a secondary battery management device, a secondary battery management system, a battery-equipped device, and a secondary battery management program.

In recent years, secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries have been installed in battery-equipped devices such as large power storage devices for electric power systems, smartphones, vehicles, stationary power supply devices, robots, and drones. When the secondary battery as described above is used for a long period of time, it deteriorates due to, for example, changes in the internal state from the start of use. For this reason, in the battery-equipped device, the state of deterioration of the secondary battery is periodically diagnosed by, for example, periodically estimating the internal state of the installed battery. In diagnosing the state of deterioration of a secondary battery, for example, the secondary battery is charged or discharged under predetermined conditions, and at least the current and voltage of the secondary battery are measured during charging or discharging under the predetermined conditions. Then, performing a fitting calculation or the like using at least the above-mentioned measurement results of the current and voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging and data showing the relationship between the current and voltage of the secondary battery and the internal state of the secondary battery. to estimate the internal state of the secondary battery. Then, the deterioration state of the secondary battery is determined based on the estimated internal state.

In the secondary battery as described above, deterioration progresses and the internal state changes even during periodic diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery. For this reason, it may be necessary to update the internal state of the secondary battery before the next periodic diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the secondary battery. Therefore, it is required to appropriately determine whether or not the internal state of the secondary battery needs to be updated during the periodical diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the secondary battery. That is, it is required to appropriately determine whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery, such as during periodic estimation of the internal state of the secondary battery.

JP 2020-107774 A JP 2018-147748 A International Publication 2017/143021 JP 2018-147827 A JP 2012-251806 A

The problem to be solved by the present invention is a secondary battery management method that appropriately determines whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery during diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery. An object of the present invention is to provide a management device, a management system for secondary batteries, a management program for battery-mounted devices, and secondary batteries.

Embodiments provide a method for managing a secondary battery. In the management method, regarding the voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery, prediction data based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions of charging or discharging of the secondary battery and measured measurement data compare. In the management method, it is determined whether or not to update the estimated internal state of the secondary battery based on the result of comparison between the predicted data and the measured data.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a management system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining internal state parameters indicating the internal state of a secondary battery. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of processing by the data comparison unit of the management device according to the embodiment; FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of diagnostic processing of the state of deterioration of a secondary battery, which is performed by the management device according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing related to updating the internal state of a secondary battery, which is performed by the management device according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of prediction processing of the end time of charging or discharging of a secondary battery performed in real time by the management device according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing related to updating the internal state of a secondary battery, which is performed by a management device according to a modification.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a management system according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1 , the management system 1 includes a battery-equipped device 2 and a management device 3 . A secondary battery 5 , a measurement circuit 6 and a battery control unit 7 are mounted on the battery-equipped device 2 . Examples of the battery-equipped device 2 include large power storage devices for electric power systems, smartphones, vehicles, stationary power supply devices, robots, and drones. Examples include automobiles, plug-in hybrid automobiles and electric motorcycles.

The secondary battery 5 is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery. The secondary battery 5 may be formed from single cells (single cells), or may be a battery module or cell block formed by electrically connecting a plurality of single cells. When the secondary battery 5 is formed of a plurality of single cells, in the secondary battery 5, the plurality of single cells may be electrically connected in series, or the plurality of single cells may be electrically connected in parallel. good too. Moreover, in the secondary battery 5, both a series connection structure in which a plurality of single cells are connected in series and a parallel connection structure in which a plurality of single cells are connected in parallel may be formed. Also, the secondary battery 5 may be any one of a battery string, a battery array, and a storage battery in which a plurality of battery modules are electrically connected.

The measurement circuit 6 detects and measures parameters related to the secondary battery 5 while the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged. In the measurement circuit 6, for example, in one charge or discharge of the secondary battery 5, parameter measurement is periodically performed at a predetermined timing. In this case, the measurement circuit 6 measures the parameters related to the secondary battery 5 at each of a plurality of measurement points in one charge or discharge of the secondary battery 5, and calculates the parameters related to the secondary battery 5. , measured multiple times. Parameters related to the secondary battery 5 include the current flowing through the secondary battery 5, the voltage of the secondary battery 5, the temperature of the secondary battery 5, and the like. Therefore, the measurement circuit 6 includes an ammeter that measures current, a voltmeter that measures voltage, a temperature sensor that measures temperature, and the like.

The battery control unit 7 configures a processing device (computer) that controls the operation of the secondary battery 5 by controlling charging and discharging of the secondary battery 5, and includes a processor and a storage medium. The processor includes any one of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a microcomputer, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and the like. A storage medium may include an auxiliary storage device in addition to a main storage device such as a memory. Examples of storage media include magnetic disks, optical disks (CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, etc.), magneto-optical disks (MO, etc.), and semiconductor memories. In the battery control unit 7, each of processors and storage media may be one or plural. In the battery control unit 7, the processor performs processing by executing a program or the like stored in a storage medium or the like. In the battery control unit 7, the program executed by the processor may be stored in a computer (server) connected via a network such as the Internet, or a server in a cloud environment. In this case, the processor downloads the program via the network.

The management device 3 manages the secondary battery 5 including diagnosis of the secondary battery 5 based on the information about the secondary battery 5 . Therefore, the secondary battery 5 is subject to management by the management device 3 . In the example of FIG. 1 , the management device 3 is provided outside the battery-equipped device 2 . The management device 3 includes a transmission/reception unit 11 , an internal state estimation unit 12 , a prediction data calculation unit 13 , a data comparison unit 15 , a determination unit 16 , a time prediction unit 17 and a data storage unit 18 . The management device 3 is, for example, a server that can communicate with the battery control unit 7 via a network. In this case, the management device 3, like the battery control unit 7, includes a processor and a storage medium. Then, the transmission/reception unit 11, the internal state estimation unit 12, the prediction data calculation unit 13, the data comparison unit 15, the determination unit 16, and the time prediction unit 17 perform part of the processing performed by the processor of the management device 3, A storage medium of the management device 3 functions as the data storage unit 18 .

In one example, the management device 3 may be a cloud server configured in a cloud environment. The infrastructure of the cloud environment is composed of virtual processors such as virtual CPUs and cloud memories. For this reason, when the management device 3 is a cloud server, part of the processing performed by the virtual processor is performed by the transmission/reception unit 11, the internal state estimation unit 12, the prediction data calculation unit 13, the data comparison unit 15, the determination unit 16, and the time The prediction unit 17 performs this. The cloud memory functions as the data storage unit 18 .

Also, the data storage unit 18 may be provided in a computer separate from the battery control unit 7 and the management device 3 . In this case, the management device 3 is connected via a network to a computer provided with the data storage unit 18 and the like. Also, the management device 3 may be installed in the battery-equipped device 2 . In this case, the management device 3 is composed of a processing device or the like mounted on the battery-equipped device 2 . Further, when the management device 3 is installed in the battery-equipped device 2, one processing device or the like installed in the battery-equipped device 2 performs the processing of the management device 3, which will be described later, and also charges and discharges the secondary battery 5. You may perform the process of the battery control part 7, such as control of . Processing of the management device 3 will be described below.

The processor or the like of the management device 3 periodically diagnoses the state of deterioration including estimation of the internal state of the target secondary battery 5 . A periodic diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5 is performed, for example, once a year. The transmission/reception unit 11 communicates with processing devices other than the management device 3 via a network. In diagnosing the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5, the transmitting/receiving unit 11 of the management device 3 transmits a control command to the battery control unit 7, and the battery control unit 7 determines a predetermined condition based on the transmitted control command. to charge or discharge the secondary battery 5 .

Here, data indicating predetermined conditions in charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 performed in diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 is stored in the data storage unit 18 or the like, for example. The aforementioned predetermined conditions include, for example, a condition regarding the SOC (state of charge) at the start of charging or discharging, a condition regarding the SOC range of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging, and a condition regarding the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging. Conditions related to the flowing current (C rate of the secondary battery 5), conditions related to the temperature of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging, and conditions for terminating charging or discharging are included. Under predetermined conditions, the current value of the current of the secondary battery 5 is set to a relatively small value. Therefore, in diagnosing the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5, the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged at a relatively low rate. Also, under certain conditions, the SOC range is set relatively wide. Therefore, in diagnosing the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5, the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged within a relatively wide SOC range.

In diagnosing the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5, the measurement circuit 6 measures the aforementioned parameters related to the secondary battery 5 while the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged under the aforementioned predetermined conditions. Then, the transmitting/receiving unit 11 of the management device 3 receives from the battery control unit 7 or the like measurement data at the time of diagnosis, which indicates the result of measurement by the measurement circuit 6 of the aforementioned parameter related to the secondary battery 5 . The diagnostic measurement data is generated by the battery control unit 7 based on, for example, the measurement results of the measurement circuit 6 .

While the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged under the aforementioned predetermined conditions, the measurement circuit 6 measures parameters related to the secondary battery 5 at each of a plurality of measurement times. Therefore, the diagnostic measurement data (data indicating measurement results) received by the transmitting/receiving unit 11 includes measured values of parameters related to the secondary battery 5 at each of a plurality of measurement time points (multiple measurements). Further, the measurement data at the time of diagnosis includes temporal changes (time history) of parameters related to the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 under the predetermined conditions described above. Therefore, the measurement data at the time of diagnosis includes temporal changes in the current of the secondary battery 5 (time history), temporal changes in the voltage of the secondary battery 5 (time history), and temporal changes in the temperature of the secondary battery 5 (time history). history), etc.

Further, one of the battery control unit 7 and the processor of the management device 3 or the like determines which of the charge amount and the SOC of the secondary battery 5 based on the measurement results of the parameters related to the secondary battery 5 by the measurement circuit 6 . As for whether, the change over time (time history) in charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 under the above-described predetermined conditions may be estimated. Then, in the measurement data at the time of diagnosis (data indicating the measurement result), data indicating the relationship of the above-described parameters related to the measured secondary battery 5 to either the estimated charge amount or SOC of the secondary battery 5 may be included. In this case, for example, data indicating the relationship of the measured voltage of the secondary battery 5 to either the estimated charge amount of the secondary battery 5 or the SOC is included in the diagnostic measurement data. The transmitting/receiving unit 11 writes the above-described diagnostic measurement data to the data storage unit 18 .

Here, the charge amount of the secondary battery 5 depends on the charge amount (SOC) of the secondary battery 5 at the start of charging or the start of discharging under the above-described predetermined conditions, and the time change of the current of the secondary battery 5. can be calculated based on In this case, the charge amount of the secondary battery 5 is calculated by the current integration method. The charge amount of the secondary battery 5 can also be calculated by a calculation method using the relationship between the terminal voltage and the charge amount in the secondary battery 5, an estimation method using a Kalman filter, or the like.

Also, the SOC of the secondary battery 5 is defined based on the voltage of the secondary battery 5, for example. In the secondary battery 5, a lower limit voltage Vmin and an upper limit voltage Vmax are defined for the voltage. In the secondary battery 5, for example, an open circuit voltage (OCV) or a state in which the voltage in discharging under certain prescribed conditions is the lower limit voltage Vmin is defined as a state in which the SOC is 0%, and the open circuit voltage Alternatively, a state in which the voltage in charging under certain prescribed conditions becomes the upper limit voltage Vmax is defined as a state where the SOC is 100%. In the secondary battery 5, the discharge capacity from the SOC state of 100% to the SOC state of 0% or the charge capacity from the SOC state of 0% to the SOC state of 100% is the battery capacity. Become. In the secondary battery 5, the SOC is defined as the ratio of the remaining charge to the battery capacity until the SOC reaches 0%. Therefore, the SOC of the secondary battery 5 can be calculated based on the amount of charge of the secondary battery 5 and the like.

In diagnosing the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5, the internal state estimating unit 12 acquires the above-described measurement data during diagnosis, and estimates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 based on the measurement data during diagnosis. In this embodiment, the internal state estimator 12 estimates an internal state parameter that indicates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . In one example, the internal state estimator 12 analyzes at least data indicating temporal changes in the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging under the above-described predetermined conditions. In this case, the internal state estimator 12 performs a charge curve analysis or a discharge curve analysis for the secondary battery 5 . Further, the internal state estimating unit 12 may analyze data indicating temporal changes in the temperature of the secondary battery 5 in addition to data indicating temporal changes in the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 .

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram explaining an internal state parameter indicating the internal state of the battery. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the charge amount Q, and the vertical axis indicates the potential E. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, in the secondary battery 5, a lower limit potential Epmin and an upper limit potential Epmax are defined for the positive electrode potential, and the positive electrode potential increases as the charge amount of the positive electrode increases. In the positive electrode, the charge amount when the positive electrode potential reaches the lower limit potential Epmin is the positive electrode initial charge amount Qpmin, and the charge amount when the positive electrode potential reaches the upper limit potential Epmax is the positive electrode upper limit charge amount Qpmax. Then, the charge amount of the positive electrode from the initial charge amount Qpmin to the upper limit charge amount Qpmax is the positive electrode capacity Mp of the secondary battery 5 corresponding to the chargeable/dischargeable amount of the positive electrode of the secondary battery 5 .

In the secondary battery 5, a lower limit potential Enmin and an upper limit potential Enmax are specified for the negative electrode potential, and the negative electrode potential decreases as the charge amount of the negative electrode increases. In the negative electrode, the amount of charge when the negative electrode potential reaches the upper limit potential Enmax is the initial charge amount Qnmin of the negative electrode, and the amount of charge when the negative electrode potential reaches the lower limit potential Enmin is the upper limit charge amount Qnmax of the negative electrode. The amount of charging the negative electrode from the initial charging amount Qnmin to the upper limit charging amount Qnmax is the negative electrode capacity Mn of the secondary battery 5, which corresponds to the chargeable/dischargeable amount of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 5.

The internal state parameters of the secondary battery 5 include the aforementioned positive electrode capacity Mp, negative electrode capacity Mn, positive electrode initial charge amount Qpmin, and negative electrode initial charge amount Qnmin. The internal state parameters of the secondary battery 5 include the positive electrode mass, which is a parameter corresponding to the positive electrode capacity Mp, and the negative electrode mass, which is a parameter corresponding to the negative electrode capacity Mn. The positive electrode mass can be calculated based on the positive electrode capacity and the type of material forming the positive electrode. Similarly, the negative electrode mass can be calculated based on the negative electrode capacity and the type of material forming the negative electrode. Also, the internal state parameters of the secondary battery 5 include the positive electrode capacity retention rate, the negative electrode capacity retention rate, and the like. Here, the positive electrode capacity retention rate is the ratio of the estimated positive electrode capacity to the positive electrode capacity at the start of use, and the negative electrode capacity retention rate is the ratio of the estimated negative electrode capacity to the negative electrode capacity at the start of use.

Further, the internal state parameters of the secondary battery 5 include a shift of operation window (SOW), which is a difference between the initial charge amount Qpmin of the positive electrode and the initial charge amount Qnmin of the negative electrode. Also, the internal state parameters of the secondary battery 5 include parameters related to the internal resistance of the secondary battery 5 . Note that FIG. 2 also shows the battery capacity Mb, which is one of the battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 . As described above, the battery capacity Mb corresponds to the charge amount until the voltage of the secondary battery 5 (the difference between the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential) reaches the upper limit voltage Vmax from the lower limit voltage Vmin.

In this embodiment, the data storage unit 18 stores a battery model of the secondary battery 5 and data related to the battery model. The battery model includes data indicating the relationship between the internal state of the secondary battery 5 and at least one of the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5. For example, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is used to determine the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5. Include formulas for calculating at least one of them. Therefore, the battery model includes data indicating the relationship between at least one of the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state parameters such as the positive electrode capacity and the negative electrode capacity. The relationship between the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state thereof changes according to the temperature of the secondary battery 5 and the like. Therefore, in the battery model of the secondary battery 5, the relationship of the internal state with respect to at least one of the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 may be set for each of a plurality of different temperatures.

In the above-described charge curve analysis or discharge curve analysis of the secondary battery 5, the internal state estimation unit 12 determines the measurement results of the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5 included in the measurement data at the time of diagnosis, and the secondary battery 5 Fitting calculation (regression calculation) is performed using at least data indicating the relationship between the internal state of the secondary battery 5 and the voltage and current. At this time, in a calculation formula for calculating at least the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5 from the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the fitting calculation is performed using one or more of the internal state parameters as variables. Then, the internal state estimator 12 estimates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 by calculating one or more internal state parameters, which are variables, by fitting calculation. Internal state estimation unit 12 writes the estimation result of the internal state of secondary battery 5 including the estimated values of the internal state parameters of secondary battery 5 in data storage unit 18 . In addition, in the fitting calculation for calculating the internal state parameters, in addition to the measurement results of the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5 and the data showing the relationship between the voltage and current of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state of the secondary battery 5, Data indicating the relationship between the temperature of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state of the secondary battery 5 may be used.

In one example, the battery model includes the formula (1) as data indicating the relationship between the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 5 at a certain time t and the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . Then, the internal state estimating unit 12 performs fitting calculation using the measurement result of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 5 included in the measurement data at the time of diagnosis and the formula (1) included in the battery model. By doing so, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is estimated. In the fitting calculation using Equation (1), for example, the positive electrode capacity Mp, the negative electrode capacity Mn, the initial charge amount Qpmin of the positive electrode, the initial charge amount Qnmin of the negative electrode, and the parameter R related to the internal resistance are set as internal state parameters, A fitting calculation is performed using these internal state parameters as variables.

V(t)=Ep(Mp, Qpmin)−En(Mn, Qnmin)+R×I (1)

In Expression (1), I indicates the current of the secondary battery 5, and as the current I, a measured value or the like included in the measurement data at the time of diagnosis is used. In formula (1), Ep (Mp, Qpmin) represents a function for calculating the open circuit potential (OCP) of the positive electrode using at least the positive electrode capacity Mp and the initial charge amount Qpmin of the positive electrode as variables, and En ( Mn, Qnmin) represents a function for calculating the open-circuit potential of the negative electrode using at least the negative electrode capacity Mn and the initial charge amount Qnmin of the negative electrode as variables.

A method of estimating the internal state of a secondary battery by charging curve analysis is disclosed in Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-147827) and Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-251806). In each of Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5, fitting is performed using at least data indicating the relationship between the measurement results of the current and voltage of the secondary battery and the internal state of the secondary battery with respect to the voltage and current of the secondary battery. By performing the calculation, the internal state of the secondary battery is estimated. In the embodiment, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 may be estimated in the same manner as in either Patent Document 4 or Patent Document 5.

In estimating the internal state of the secondary battery 5 , the internal state estimating unit 12 reads the voltage model including the formula (1) and the like and data related to the voltage model from the data storage unit 18 . In addition, the internal state estimation unit 12 can store, in the data storage unit 18, estimated values necessary for subsequent processing among the temporary estimated values and the final estimated values for the internal state parameters.

Moreover, the internal state estimator 12 may estimate battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery 5 . The battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 include the open circuit voltage and OCV curve of the secondary battery 5 in addition to the battery capacity Mb described above. Here, the OCV curve is a function showing the relationship between parameters other than OCV and OCV, for example, a function showing the relationship of OCV with respect to SOC or charge amount. Moreover, the internal resistance of the secondary battery 5 indicates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 as described above, and also indicates the battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 . Patent Document 4 discloses a method of estimating the battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 based on the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . In the embodiment, the battery characteristics of the secondary battery 5 may be estimated in the same manner as in Patent Document 4.

Further, in diagnosing the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5 , the determination unit 16 acquires an estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . Then, the determination unit 16 determines the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5 based on the estimation result of the internal state. In one example, the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 is determined using the positive electrode capacity and the negative electrode capacity, which are internal state parameters. In this case, for example, the smaller the estimated positive electrode capacity of the secondary battery 5, the larger the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 5 is determined, and the smaller the estimated negative electrode capacity of the secondary battery 5, the more the secondary battery The degree of deterioration of 5 is determined to be large. The determination unit 16 writes the determination result regarding the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 to the data storage unit 18 .

Further, the processor or the like of the management device 3 predicts the life of the secondary battery 5 based on the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the diagnosis result of the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5, and the like. Information relating to maintenance of the secondary battery 5 may be generated. In this case, the information on the maintenance of the secondary battery 5 includes information recommending that the secondary battery 5 be replaced with another battery mounted in the battery-equipped device 2, and replacing the secondary battery 5 with a new battery. Includes information that recommends exchanging for In addition, the diagnosis result of the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 including the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the prediction result of the life of the secondary battery 5, the information about the maintenance of the secondary battery 5, etc. are displayed on the user interface. , the user of the battery-equipped device 2 or the like may be notified.

The processor or the like of the management device 3 determines whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 during the periodical diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 described above. A determination is made as to whether to update the state. Thereby, it is determined whether or not it is necessary to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 before the next periodic diagnosis. It should be noted that while the secondary battery 5 is being operated during the deterioration state diagnosis, the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged even under conditions other than the above-described predetermined conditions. Therefore, the secondary battery 5 can be charged or discharged under various conditions while the secondary battery 5 is being operated during diagnosis of the deterioration state. For example, the secondary battery 5 may be rapidly charged or discharged with a large current (at a high rate), charged or discharged in a high temperature environment or a low temperature environment, or narrowly charged or discharged during diagnosis of the deterioration state. The secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged within the SOC range.

When determining the update of the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the measurement circuit 6 measures the aforementioned parameters related to the secondary battery 5 while the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged. Then, the transmission/reception unit 11 of the management device 3 receives measurement data indicating the measurement result of the parameters related to the secondary battery 5 by the measurement circuit 6 from the battery control unit 7 or the like. In determining whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the measurement circuit 6 detects parameters related to the secondary battery 5 at each of a plurality of measurement points in one charge or discharge of the secondary battery 5. to measure Therefore, the measurement data received by the transmitting/receiving unit 11 includes measured values of parameters related to the secondary battery 5 at each of a plurality of measurement time points (a plurality of measurements).

The measurement data also includes temporal changes (time history) of parameters related to the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5, similarly to the measurement data at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, the measurement data includes changes in the current of the secondary battery 5 over time (time history), changes in the voltage of the secondary battery 5 over time (time history), and changes in the temperature of the secondary battery 5 over time (time history). etc. are included. In addition, in the measurement data, similarly to the measurement data at the time of diagnosis, data indicating the relationship of the above-described parameters related to the measured secondary battery 5 to either the estimated charge amount of the secondary battery 5 or the SOC, may be included. The transmitting/receiving unit 11 writes the measurement data described above to the data storage unit 18 .

In determining the update of the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the prediction data calculation unit 13 acquires the aforementioned measurement data. Based on the measurement data and information input by the user of the battery-equipped device 2 via the user interface or the like, the prediction data calculation unit 13 calculates the value of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period of the measurement data. Calculate and acquire conditions for charging or discharging. The conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period of the measurement data include conditions regarding the SOC at the start of charging or discharging, conditions for the SOC at the start of charging or discharging, and conditions for the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging, similar to the predetermined conditions described above. Conditions regarding the SOC range, conditions regarding the current (C rate of the secondary battery 5) flowing through the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging, conditions regarding the temperature of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging, and conditions for terminating charging or discharging. etc., are included. The prediction data calculation unit 13 also acquires the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 by the internal state estimation unit 12 in the previous (latest) diagnosis of the deterioration state.

The prediction data calculation unit 13 is based on the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis, the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period, and the battery model of the secondary battery 5 described above. Then, predictive data regarding the voltage of the secondary battery 5 is calculated. The predicted data indicates the predicted result of the voltage of the secondary battery 5 when the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged under the same conditions as during the measurement period. A predicted value for the voltage of the secondary battery 5 in the predicted data is a value corresponding to the estimation result of the battery model and the internal state. In one example, as the prediction data, the time change (time history) of the voltage of the secondary battery 5 when the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged under the same conditions as the measurement period is predicted. The predicted data calculation unit 13 writes the calculated predicted data to the data storage unit 18 .

The prediction data calculation unit 13 applies the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis and the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period to the battery model of the secondary battery 5. to calculate the prediction data. At this time, in the data indicating the relationship of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 with respect to the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 5 at time t, the estimated value of the internal state parameter, which is the result of estimating the internal state, is substituted. , an operation is performed. In one example, the prediction data is calculated using the formula (1) above. In this case, by substituting the positive electrode capacity Mp, the negative electrode capacity Mn, the initial charge amount Qpmin of the positive electrode, the initial charge amount Qnmin of the negative electrode, and the estimated value of the parameter R related to the internal resistance in the previous diagnosis into the equation (1) , the predicted value of the voltage V(t) is calculated.

Further, when the prediction data is calculated using the formula (1), a value (current value) corresponding to the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period is substituted as the current I. be. In one example, in a battery model or the like, the relationship between the voltage of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state is set for each of a plurality of different temperatures. Then, the temperature corresponding to the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period is selected from a plurality of temperatures for which the relationship between the voltage of the secondary battery 5 and the internal state is set. Then, the voltage of the secondary battery 5 is predicted based on the relationship of the internal state with respect to the voltage of the secondary battery 5 at the selected temperature.

The data comparison unit 15 acquires the above-described measurement data and prediction data. Then, the data comparison unit 15 compares the prediction result of the prediction data and the measurement result of the measurement data with respect to the voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 during the aforementioned measurement period. At this time, it is determined whether or not the deviation of the voltage in the measured data from the voltage in the predicted data is within an allowable range. Information about the allowable range of deviation is stored in the data storage unit 18 or the like. The allowable range of deviation is set in consideration of the error in the measurement of the current, voltage, etc. of the secondary battery 5 by the measurement circuit 6, the error of the aforementioned battery model for the secondary battery 5, and the like. The data comparison unit 15 writes the result of comparison of the voltage of the secondary battery 5 between the measurement data and the prediction data in the data storage unit 18 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of processing by the data comparison unit of the management device according to the embodiment; In FIG. 3 , the horizontal axis indicates the time t in the measurement period described above, and the vertical axis indicates the voltage V of the secondary battery 5 . In addition, in FIG. 3, regarding the time change of the voltage V during the measurement period, the solid line indicates the measurement result of the measurement data, and the dashed line indicates the prediction result of the prediction data.

In one example, if the deviation of the voltage of the measured data from the voltage of the predicted data is equal to or less than the threshold value ΔVth at any of the plurality of measurement time points, it is determined that the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data is within the allowable range. That is, if the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the predicted data and the voltage of the measured data is equal to or less than the threshold value ΔVth at any of the plurality of measurement time points, the data comparison unit 15 determines that the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data is within the allowable range. It is determined that On the other hand, if the deviation of the voltage of the measured data from the voltage of the predicted data at one or more of the plurality of measurement time points is greater than the threshold value ΔVth, it is determined that the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds the allowable range.

FIG. 3 shows a voltage locus α1 obtained by shifting the voltage change over time in the prediction data to the high voltage side by a threshold value ΔVth, and a voltage locus α2 obtained by shifting the voltage change over time in the prediction data to the low voltage side by the threshold value ΔVth. . In the example of FIG. 3, the voltage in the measurement data falls within the range between the voltage loci α1 and α2 at any of the plurality of measurement time points. For this reason, in the example of FIG. 3, regarding the voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period, the deviation of the measurement result of the measurement data from the prediction result of the prediction data is within the allowable range. is determined to be

The determination unit 16 acquires a comparison result of the voltage of the secondary battery 5 between the measurement data and the prediction data by the data comparison unit 15 . Then, the determination unit 16 determines whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 based on the result of comparison between the measured data and the predicted data. If the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data is within the allowable range, the determination unit 16 determines not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . On the other hand, when the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds the allowable range, the determination unit 16 determines to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 .

When it is determined that the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is to be updated, the processor or the like of the management device 3 requests the update of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 and updates the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 (re-diagnosis). demand. In one example, when a request is made to update the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5, information indicating that the internal state of the secondary battery 5 needs to be updated is sent to the user of the battery-equipped device 2 via the user interface. to be notified. In this case, the information is notified by either voice, screen display, or the like.

When updating the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is estimated (re-estimated). Also in this case, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is estimated in the same manner as the estimation of the internal state described above. That is, when the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is temporarily estimated due to a request to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is similarly estimated in the same manner as the periodic internal state estimation. State is estimated. Note that even when the determination unit 16 determines to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is actually updated by estimating (re-estimating) the internal state of the secondary battery 5 or the like. Whether or not to do so may be left to the user of the battery-equipped device 2 or the like.

In addition, the data storage unit 18 stores reference data indicating a reference for performing the above-described determination regarding whether to update the internal state. Then, the determination unit 16 determines whether or not the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period satisfy the criteria of the aforementioned criteria data. If the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period do not meet the criteria, no determination is made as to whether or not to update the internal state. Therefore, the aforementioned determination of updating the internal state is performed only when the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period meet the criteria.

Here, as a case where the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period do not satisfy the criteria, when the secondary battery 5 is instantly fully charged by charging with a large current during the measurement period, For example, the secondary battery 5 is instantaneously completely discharged due to discharging with a large current during the measurement period. In addition, if the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged in an excessively low temperature environment during the measurement period, or if the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged in an excessively narrow SOC range during the measurement period, the measurement period It is determined that the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 at 1 do not meet the criteria. When the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged under these conditions, even if the determination as to whether or not to update the internal state is made as described above, the accuracy of the determination becomes low. Therefore, it is determined that the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period do not meet the criteria, and no determination is made regarding updating the internal state.

In addition, the processor or the like of the management device 3 predicts the end time of charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 in real time while the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged. When estimating the real-time charge or discharge end time, the time prediction unit 17 uses the measurement result of the measurement circuit 6 and the information input by the user of the battery-equipped device 2 via the user interface. Based on this, the conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 in real time are calculated and acquired. The conditions for real-time charging or discharging include the conditions for the SOC of the secondary battery 5, the conditions for the current flowing through the secondary battery 5, the conditions for the temperature of the secondary battery 5, and the conditions for the charging or discharging described above. , termination conditions for charging or discharging, and the like. The time prediction unit 17 also acquires the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 by the internal state estimation unit 12 in the previous (latest) diagnosis of the deterioration state.

Based on the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis, the conditions of real-time charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5, and the battery model of the secondary battery 5 described above, the time prediction unit 17 performs real-time Predict the end time of charging or discharging of In one example, the time prediction unit 17 applies the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis and the real-time charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 to the battery model of the secondary battery 5. Thus, temporal changes in the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 after the present time are predicted. For example, the time change of the voltage of the secondary battery 5 after the present time can be predicted using the formula (1) described above.

The time prediction unit 17 predicts, for example, the time when real-time charge or discharge end conditions are satisfied, based on the predicted time change of current and voltage after the current time. Then, the time prediction unit 17 determines the time predicted as the time at which the charge or discharge termination condition is satisfied as the real-time charge or discharge termination time, and predicts the charge or discharge termination time. Note that the user of the battery-equipped device 2 or the like may be notified of the predicted result of the charging or discharging end time via the user interface.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of battery degradation state diagnosis processing performed by the management device according to the embodiment. The diagnostic process shown in FIG. 4 is performed, for example, in periodic diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5 . In addition to the periodic diagnosis of the state of deterioration, the diagnostic process shown in FIG. is done.

When the diagnostic process of FIG. 4 is started, the internal state estimating unit 12 outputs the aforementioned measurement data at the time of diagnosis as the measurement results of the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 under predetermined conditions. (S101). Then, the internal state estimating unit 12 estimates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 based on the measurement data at the time of diagnosis, the battery model of the secondary battery 5, and the like. Then, the determination unit 16 determines the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 based on the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S103).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing related to updating the internal state of a secondary battery, which is performed by the management device according to the embodiment. The processing shown in FIG. 5 is repeatedly performed, for example, during the deterioration state diagnosis processing described above. When the process of FIG. 5 is started, the prediction data calculation unit 13 and the determination unit 16, etc., calculate the above-mentioned measurement results as the measurement results of the current, voltage, etc. of the secondary battery 5 in the state where the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged. Data is acquired (S111). Also, the prediction data calculation unit 13, the determination unit 16, and the like acquire conditions for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period of the measurement data (S112). Then, the determination unit 16 determines whether or not the condition for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 in the measurement period satisfies the criteria for determining the update of the internal state (S113). If the conditions for charging or discharging do not satisfy the criteria (S113-No), the process is terminated without making a decision as to whether or not to update the internal state.

On the other hand, if the charging or discharging conditions satisfy the criteria (S113-Yes), the prediction data calculation unit 13 estimates the internal state of the secondary battery 5 in the previous (latest) diagnosis of the deterioration state. , is obtained (S114). Then, the prediction data calculation unit 13 is based on the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis, the charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5 during the measurement period, and the battery model of the secondary battery 5. Then, the aforementioned prediction data regarding the voltage of the secondary battery 5 is calculated (S115). Then, the data comparison unit 15 compares the prediction result of the prediction data and the measurement result of the measurement data with respect to the voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 during the aforementioned measurement period (S116). ). Then, the data comparison unit 15, the determination unit 16, and the like determine whether or not the deviation of the voltage in the measurement data from the voltage in the prediction data is within the allowable range as a result of comparison between the measurement data and the prediction data (S117). ).

If the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data is within the allowable range (S117-Yes), the determination unit 16 determines not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S118). On the other hand, when the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds the allowable range (S117-No), the determination unit 16 determines to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S119). Then, the processor or the like of the management device 3 requests updating of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S120).

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of prediction processing of the end time of charging or discharging of a secondary battery performed in real time by the management device according to the embodiment. The prediction process shown in FIG. 6 is performed, for example, while the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged during the deterioration state diagnosis process described above. When the prediction process of FIG. 6 is started, the time prediction unit 17 acquires conditions for charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 in real time (S131). Then, the time prediction unit 17 acquires the estimation result of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 in the previous (latest) diagnosis of the deterioration state (S132).

Then, the time prediction unit 17 predicts the current state based on the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated in the previous diagnosis, the real-time charging or discharging conditions of the secondary battery 5, and the battery model of the secondary battery 5. After that, the current and voltage of the secondary battery 5 are predicted to change with time, and the point in time when the real-time charge or discharge end condition is satisfied is predicted (S133). Then, the time prediction unit 17 determines the time predicted as the time when the charge or discharge end condition is satisfied as the real-time charge or discharge end time (S134).

As described above, in the embodiments and the like, the processor and the like of the management device 3 determine the estimated internal state of the secondary battery 5 and the voltage of the secondary battery 5 during charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5. Predicted data based on conditions in charging or discharging is compared with measured measurement data. Then, the processor or the like determines whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 based on the result of comparison between the predicted data and the measured data. Therefore, even during the diagnosis of the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 5, that is, even when the secondary battery 5 is charged or discharged under conditions other than the above-described predetermined conditions, the secondary battery 5 can be determined as to whether to update the internal state.

Also, the voltage in the predicted data is calculated based on the estimation result of the previous (latest) internal state estimation. Therefore, by comparing the voltage of the predicted data and the voltage of the measured data, the internal state of the secondary battery 5 estimated during the previous estimation of the internal state appropriately reflects the internal state of the secondary battery 5 in real time. It is appropriately determined whether or not Therefore, by determining whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 as described above, it is possible to appropriately determine whether to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 . As described above, in the present embodiment, whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 is appropriately determined during diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery 5 .

In addition, in the embodiment and the like, the processor and the like of the management device 3 determine whether or not the condition for charging or discharging the secondary battery 5 satisfies the criteria for determining the update of the internal state. If the secondary battery 5 is being charged or discharged under a condition that lowers the accuracy of determination, determination as to whether or not to update the internal state is not performed. Therefore, when a decision is made about updating the internal state, the accuracy of the decision is improved.

Further, in the embodiments and the like, the processor and the like of the management device 3 predict the completion time of charging or discharging of the secondary battery 5 in real time. For this reason, the user of the battery-equipped device 2 in which the secondary battery 5 is installed, or the like, decides whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (necessity of updating), It is also possible to grasp the end time of charging or discharging of 5 and the like.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing related to updating the internal state of a secondary battery, which is performed by a management device according to a modification. In the modified example of FIG. 7, the number N of times it is determined that the deviation of the voltage of the measured data from the voltage of the predicted data exceeds the allowable range in the comparison between the predicted data and the measured data is defined as a parameter. Then, the processor or the like of the management device 3 determines to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 based on the fact that the number of times N becomes equal to or greater than the reference number of times Nref. The number N is set to zero at the time the last diagnosis for a degraded condition was made. Therefore, it is determined that the internal state of the secondary battery 5 should be updated based on Nref determinations that the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds the allowable range after the previous deterioration state diagnosis. Also, the reference number of times Nref is an integer of 2 or more.

In this modified example, as in the above-described embodiment and the like, in one process related to updating the internal state of the secondary battery 5, the processor or the like of the management device 3 performs the above-described processes of S111 to S117. . Then, if the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data is within the allowable range (S117-Yes), the determination unit 16 determines not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S118). However, in this modification, if the deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds the allowable range (S117-No), the processor or the like adds 1 to the number of times N that the deviation exceeds the allowable range. (S121). Then, the determination unit 16 determines whether or not the added number of times N is greater than or equal to the reference number of times Nref (S122).

When the number of times N is smaller than the reference number of times Nref (S122-No), the determination unit 16 determines not to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S118). On the other hand, if the number of times N is greater than or equal to the reference number of times Nref (S122-Yes), the determination unit 16 determines to update the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S119). Then, the processor or the like of the management device 3 requests updating of the internal state of the secondary battery 5 (S120).

This modified example also has the same actions and effects as the above-described embodiment and the like. In addition, in this modification, since the above-described processing is performed, the determination regarding the deviation of the voltage in the measured data from the voltage in the predicted data is performed multiple times, and based on the determination results of the multiple times, the secondary battery A decision is made as to whether to update the internal state of 5 (needs to update). Therefore, the accuracy of determination regarding updating of the internal state is further improved.

In at least one embodiment or example described above, the voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery is predicted based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions of charging or discharging of the secondary battery. Compare the data with measured measurement data. Then, it is determined whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery based on the result of comparison between the predicted data and the measured data. Accordingly, a method for managing a secondary battery, a device for managing a secondary battery, and a device for managing a secondary battery that appropriately determine whether or not to update the internal state of the secondary battery during a diagnosis of the deterioration state of the secondary battery. It is possible to provide a management system, a battery-equipped device, and a management program for a secondary battery.

While several embodiments of the invention have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Management system, 2... Battery-equipped apparatus, 3... Management apparatus, 5... Secondary battery, 6... Measurement circuit, 7... Battery control part, 11... Transmission/reception part, 12... Internal state estimation part, 13... Prediction data calculation Section 15 Data comparison section 16 Determination section 17 Time prediction section 18 Data storage section.

Claims (11)

A method for managing a secondary battery,
With respect to the voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery, prediction data and measured measurement based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions in the charging or discharging of the secondary battery comparing the data with
Determining whether to update the estimated internal state of the secondary battery based on a comparison result between the predicted data and the measured data;
A management method comprising: 2. The internal state of the secondary battery is determined to be updated based at least on the fact that a deviation of the measured data from the predicted data exceeds an allowable range in comparison between the predicted data and the measured data. management method. Further calculating the prediction data by applying the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions in the charging or discharging of the secondary battery to a battery model of the secondary battery. 3. The management method of claim 1 or 2, comprising: Measurement results of the voltage and current of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery under predetermined conditions, and the internal state of the secondary battery with respect to the voltage and current of the secondary battery. 4. The management method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising estimating the internal state of the secondary battery by performing a fitting calculation using at least data indicating the relationship. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising determining whether or not said condition in said charging or said discharging of said secondary battery satisfies a criterion for determining update of said internal state. management method. Predicting the end time of the charging or discharging of the secondary battery being performed in real time based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the battery model of the secondary battery. , the management method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A secondary battery management device,
With respect to the voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery, prediction data and measured measurement based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions in the charging or discharging of the secondary battery compare the data with
Determining whether to update the estimated internal state of the secondary battery based on a comparison result between the predicted data and the measured data;
A management device comprising a processor. a management device according to claim 7;
the secondary battery for which the processor of the management device determines whether to update the internal state;
A management system for the secondary battery, comprising: 9. The management system according to claim 8, further comprising a battery-mounted device in which said secondary battery is mounted. a management device according to claim 7;
the secondary battery for which the processor of the management device determines whether to update the internal state;
A battery-equipped device comprising: A secondary battery management program, comprising:
With respect to the voltage of the secondary battery during charging or discharging of the secondary battery, prediction data and measured measurement based on the estimated internal state of the secondary battery and the conditions in the charging or discharging of the secondary battery compare the data with
determining whether or not to update the estimated internal state of the secondary battery based on a comparison result between the predicted data and the measured data;
management program.

Images