JP2022109604A - Evacuation door and disaster equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an evacuation door capable of suppressing intrusion of smoke from a first room to a second room even during fire fighting, and to provide disaster equipment using the evacuation door.SOLUTION: An evacuation door 30 is provided at an opening 14 formed in a wall that separates a first room from which smoke is exhausted by an exhaust system in the event of a fire and a second room 19 that constitutes a part of an escape route from the first room via a door frame 31. The evacuation door 30 has a first door 33 capable of opening and closing an upper part of the opening 14, and a second door 34 configured to be able to open and close at least a part of a lower portion of the opening 14 when the first door 33 is closed, and which can be opened and closed together with the first door 33 when the evacuation door 30 is opened and closed. A height Ha of the second door 34 is equal to or less than the bottom height of the smoke layer at the time of fire in the first room.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an evacuation door and disaster prevention equipment using the evacuation door.

For example, as disclosed in Patent Literature 1, pressurized smoke prevention equipment is known as an example of disaster prevention equipment for buildings. In order to support the activities of the fire brigade, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment effectively eliminates the smoke generated in the event of a fire and pressurizes the air supply to the room that will be the base of the activity. It is a facility that can prevent smoke from entering.

A building to which the pressurized smoke prevention equipment is applied comprises a first room in which a fire is assumed to occur, and a second room that communicates with the first room through an opening provided with an evacuation door. The second room constitutes a part of the evacuation route from the first room and functions as the activity base of the fire brigade.

The pressurized smoke prevention equipment includes an exhaust equipment for exhausting the first chamber, an air supply equipment for supplying air to the second chamber, and an evacuation door for opening and closing the opening. When a fire breaks out in the first room, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment exhausts smoke from the first room with the exhaust equipment and pressurizes the second room with the air supply equipment. As a result, intrusion of smoke from the first room into the second room through the opening is suppressed, so that people in the room can safely evacuate.

JP 2015-171415 A

By the way, when a fire breaks out, the smoke generated in the first room accumulates from the ceiling to the floor over time. Therefore, it is desired to prevent smoke from entering the second room from the first room not only during evacuation but also during firefighting activities. This demand is not limited to pressurized smoke prevention equipment, but is common to disaster prevention equipment having an exhaust equipment for exhausting the first room in the event of a fire.

The evacuation door that solves the above problems is formed in a wall that separates a first room from which smoke is exhausted by an exhaust system in the event of a fire and a second room that constitutes a part of the escape route from the first room. An evacuation door that is provided in an opening via a door frame and opens and closes the opening, comprising: a first door capable of opening and closing an upper portion of the opening; and the opening when the first door is closed. a second door configured to be able to open and close at least a part of a lower portion of the door, and capable of being opened and closed together with the first door when the first door is operated to open and close; It is below the bottom height of the smoke layer when a fire breaks out in one room.

The disaster prevention equipment that solves the above problems includes an exhaust system that exhausts smoke from the first room when a fire breaks out in the first room, and a first room that constitutes a part of the evacuation route from the first room and the first room. an evacuation door that is provided via a door frame in an opening formed in a wall that separates the two rooms and opens and closes the opening, wherein the evacuation door can open and close the upper part of the opening and a second door configured to be able to open and close at least a part of a lower portion of the opening when the first door is closed, and openable and closable together with the first door when the first door is opened and closed. and a door, wherein the height of the second door is equal to or lower than the lower end height of the smoke layer at the time of fire in the first room.

According to the above configuration, fire fighting can be performed by opening the second door having a height equal to or lower than the lower end height of the smoke layer. As a result, it is possible to prevent smoke from entering the second room from the first room during firefighting activities.

The said structure WHEREIN: It is preferable that the said 2nd door is comprised so that the whole lower part of the said opening can be opened and closed.
According to the above configuration, the entire width of the opening can be utilized for firefighting activities.

In the above configuration, it is preferable that the second door is rotatably supported by the door frame, and that the second chamber is a rotatable region of the first door and the second door.
According to the above configuration, the evacuation door can be rotated using the hinge that connects the second door to the door frame. In other words, the hinge that rotates the second door can be used as the hinge that rotates the entire evacuation door.

In the above configuration, there may be provided a connecting member provided on the second chamber side, connecting the second door to the first door and capable of releasing the connection of the second door from the first door by a releasing operation. preferable.

According to the above configuration, the second door can be opened and closed independently only by performing the releasing operation on the connecting member.
In the above configuration, the first door is rotatably supported by the door frame, and the second door is provided so as to be surrounded by the first door and rotatably supported by the first door. preferably.

According to the above configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent smoke from entering the second chamber from the first chamber when only the second door is open.
In the above configuration, it is preferable that the rotation area of the first door is the second chamber, and the rotation area of the second door is the first chamber when the first door is closed.

According to the above configuration, since the rotation area of the second door is the first room, the second door does not become an obstacle during firefighting activities around the evacuation door in the second room.
In the above configuration, a first operation unit provided on the first door so as to be operable from the first chamber side and the second chamber side, and capable of rotating the second door in conjunction with the first door; It is preferable that the second door is provided with a second operating portion that is operable only from the second chamber side, and that the second door is rotatable with respect to the first door.

According to the above configuration, since the second door can be opened and closed only from the second room side, the second door will not be opened by mistake when evacuating from the first room to the second room.

The figure which shows schematic structure of the disaster prevention equipment in 1st Embodiment. The front view which shows typically the evacuation door seen from the 2nd room in 1st Embodiment. The top view which shows typically an example of the state which opened the 1st door and the 2nd door in 1st Embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of calculating the lower end height of the smoke layer in the first chamber in the first embodiment; The front view which shows typically the evacuation door seen from the 2nd room in 2nd Embodiment. The top view which shows typically an example of the state which opened the 1st door with the 2nd door in 2nd Embodiment. The top view which shows typically an example of the state which opened only the 2nd door in 2nd Embodiment.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of an evacuation door and a disaster prevention facility including the evacuation door will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the building 10 to which the disaster prevention equipment 20 is applied includes a staircase 12 provided with an evacuation staircase 11, an attached room 13 communicating with the staircase 12, and an attached room 13 through a rectangular opening 14. Adjacent rooms 15 communicating with each other and general rooms 16 communicating with the adjacent rooms 15 are provided. In the building 10, the adjoining room 15 and the general room 16 are the first room 18 in which a fire is assumed, and the annexed room 13 constitutes a part of the evacuation route from the first room 18 and is connected to the first room 18. It is the second room 19 that is communicated and serves as a base for firefighting activities.

An example of the disaster prevention equipment 20 is a pressurized smoke prevention equipment. The disaster prevention equipment 20 has an exhaust equipment 21 that exhausts the first room 18 and an air supply equipment 22 that supplies air to the second room 19 when a fire breaks out in the first room 18 . Moreover, the disaster prevention equipment 20 may have a sprinkler system for spraying water to the first room 18 when a fire in the first room 18 is detected through a fire alarm or the like.

The exhaust equipment 21 has a smoke outlet 23 provided in the first chamber 18 and an exhauster 24 for exhausting the first chamber 18 through the smoke outlet 23 . The exhaust machine 24 is activated upon receiving a signal S1 from, for example, a fire alarm or an activation switch. After startup, the exhauster 24 exhausts the first chamber 18 with a predetermined exhaust amount.

The air supply facility 22 has an air supply port (not shown) provided in the second chamber 19 and an air supply device 26 that sends air to the second chamber 19 through the air supply port. The air supply device 26 is activated upon receiving a signal S2 from, for example, a fire alarm or an activation switch. After startup, the air supply machine 26 supplies air to the second chamber 19 at a predetermined air supply amount.

A wall 17 that separates the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 19 is provided with a rectangular evacuation door 30 that opens and closes an opening 14 formed in the wall 17 . The amount of air supplied by the air supply equipment 22 is determined based on the case where the opening width of the evacuation door 30 is 40 cm.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the escape door 30 is fixed to the wall 17 via a door frame 31 . The evacuation door 30 is rotatably supported with respect to the door frame 31 . The door frame 31 is fixed to the wall 17 so as to be in contact with the upper edge and the pair of side edges of the opening 14 . The overall height H of the evacuation door 30 is set to 1.8 m or more.

As shown in FIG. 3, the door frame 31 has a peripheral portion on the side of the first chamber 18 that prevents the evacuation door 30 from rotating toward the first chamber 18, and a latch (not shown) is engaged with the door frame 31. A doorstop 32 is provided for positioning the evacuation door 30 at a matching position.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the escape door 30 has a first door 33 and a second door 34 . The first door 33 is a partial door that opens and closes the upper portion of the opening 14 . The second door 34 is a partial door that opens and closes at least a portion of the lower portion of the opening 14 . The rotation of the evacuation door 30 means that both the first door 33 and the second door 34 rotate together.

The first door 33 and the second door 34 are arranged vertically. The first door 33 is rotatably supported by the door frame 31 via hinges 35 . The second door 34 is rotatably supported by the door frame 31 via hinges 36 . The first door 33 and the second door 34 have pivoting areas in the second chamber 19 . The first door 33 is configured such that a portion above the central portion of the opening 14 can be opened and closed. The second door 34 is configured to be able to open and close the central portion of the opening 14 and the portion below the central portion. The height Ha of the second door 34 is determined, for example, so that the opening formed by opening the second door 34 conforms to the emergency entrance structure prescribed in Article 126-7 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Law. , 1.2 m or more. Also, the height Ha is set to be equal to or less than the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer when the fire breaks out in the first chamber 18 . The details of the smoke layer lower end height Zs will be described later.

The escape door 30 has a connecting member 37 . The connecting member 37 is provided on the second chamber 19 side. The connecting member 37 is configured to connect the second door 34 to the first door 33 and to release the connection of the second door 34 to the first door 33 by a releasing operation. The release operation of the connecting member 37 is, for example, a removal operation of removing the connecting member 37 from the evacuation door 30 . Further, the operation of releasing the connecting member 37 may be an operation of rotating the connecting member 37 about the portion connected to the first door 33 so that the tip of the connecting member 37 faces the door frame 31 .

The escape door 30 has an operation portion 38 . The operation unit 38 is configured to be operable from both the first chamber 18 side and the second chamber 19 side. The operation part 38 is provided on the second door 34 . The operation portion 38 is configured to be able to release the engagement of the latch (not shown) with the door frame 31 .

When the connecting member 37 connects the first door 33 and the second door 34, the evacuation door 30 can be rotated as one integrated door. is configured to Further, the evacuation door 30 is configured so that the second door 34 alone can be rotated when the connecting member 37 is operated to be released. That is, the evacuation door 30 in the closed state is configured such that only the second door 34 can be opened while the first door 33 is maintained in the closed state by releasing the connection member 37 .

With reference to FIG. 4, the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer when a fire breaks out in the first room 18 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, the smoke layer lower end height Zs is the height from the floor surface 40 to the lower end of the smoke layer 41 (the height of the air layer 42). The lower end height of the smoke layer Zs is determined by the combustibles stored in the first chamber 18, the interior materials, the smoke exhaust effect of the exhaust equipment 21, and the fire spread suppression effect of equipment such as sprinkler equipment that suppresses the spread of fire after the fire breaks out. calculated by taking into account

First, the smoke layer lower end height Zs is stabilized at a position where the amount of smoke generated Vs [m ³ /s] and the amount of exhaust Ve [m ³ /s] by the exhaust equipment 21 are balanced, as shown in Equation (1). .

As shown in Equation (2), the amount of smoke generated Vs is determined by the entrainment coefficient cm, the heat generation rate Qf [kW] of the fire source 43, the smoke layer density ρs [kg/m ³ ], and the smoke layer lower end height Zs [ m].

The entrainment coefficient cm is a coefficient when the ascending current containing the combustion gas generated from the fire source 43 entrains the surrounding air and expands. As an example of the entrainment coefficient cm, ^0.076 [kg/kJ ¹ /3·m 5/3·s ^2/3 ] is used.

The heat release rate Qf is obtained from the equation (3 ).

The transition time tc is, for example, the time from the occurrence of fire to the activation of the sprinkler system. Further, for example, the transition time tc is the time from the occurrence of fire until the combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible material that serves as the fire source 43 .

Then, by substituting equation (2) into equation (1) and rearranging the smoke layer lower end height Zs, equation (4) is obtained.

For the smoke layer density ρs, for example, 1.0 [kg/m ³ ] is used so that the calculation result is on the safe side.
(action)
In the configuration described above, when a fire breaks out in the first room 18 , a person in the room operates the operating section 38 from the first room 18 side to open the evacuation door 30 to the second room 19 side. At this time, both the first door 33 and the second door 34 are opened. As a result, the people in the room can use the entire opening 14 to evacuate. The fire brigade arriving at the second room 19 once closes the evacuation door 30 and then operates the operation unit 38 from the second room 19 side to open the second door 34 to the second room 19 side. The fire brigade utilizes the entire lower portion of the opening 14 for fire fighting. At this time, since the height Ha of the second door 34 is equal to or less than the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer, intrusion of smoke from the first chamber 18 into the second chamber 19 is suppressed.

Effects of the first embodiment will be described.
(1-1) Since the height Ha of the second door 34 is equal to or less than the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer, it is possible to prevent smoke from entering the second chamber 19 from the first chamber 18 during fire fighting.

(1-2) It is not necessary to provide a fire-fighting opening in the wall 17 separately from the opening 14 for evacuation. For this reason, it is possible to prevent smoke from entering the second room 19 from the first room 18 during firefighting activities, and reduce the strength of the wall 17 .

(1-3) The second door 34 is configured to be able to open and close the entire lower portion of the opening 14 . Accordingly, the entire width of the opening 14 can be used for firefighting activities.
(1-4) The second door 34 is rotatably supported by the door frame 31 , and the rotatable region of the first door 33 and the second door 34 serves as the second chamber 19 . Thereby, the escape door 30 can be rotated using the hinge 36 that connects the second door 34 to the door frame 31 . As a result, the components of the evacuation door 30 having the first door 33 and the second door 34 can be reduced.

(1-5) The evacuation door 30 is configured so that the second door 34 can open and close the entire lower portion of the opening 14, and the rotation regions of both the first door 33 and the second door 34 are located in the second room. 19. Thereby, the door stop for the first door 33 and the door stop for the second door 34 can be made common. As a result, the structure of the door frame 31 can be simplified.

(1-6) The escape door 30 connects the second door 34 to the first door 33 on the side of the second chamber 19, and is connected so that the connection of the second door 34 to the first door 33 can be released by a release operation. It has a member 37 . As a result, it is possible to evacuate people in the room using the entire opening 14, and to open and close the second door 34 independently by simply releasing the connecting member 37 during firefighting activities. can.

(Second embodiment)
A first embodiment of an evacuation door and a disaster prevention facility including the evacuation door will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. FIG. In addition, in 2nd Embodiment, the structure of the door for evacuation differs from 1st Embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment, portions different from those in the first embodiment will be described in detail, and portions similar to those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the second embodiment, the first door 51 is rotatably supported with respect to the door frame 31 via hinges 52 . The second door 53 is provided so as to be surrounded by the first door 51 on the top and sides. The second door 53 is rotatably supported with respect to the first door 51 via a hinge 54 provided on the first chamber 18 side. The second door 53 has a width Wa of 75 cm so that the opening formed by opening the second door 53 conforms to the emergency entrance structure stipulated in Article 126-7 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Law. As described above, the height Ha is set to 1.2 m or more. Also, the height Ha is set to be equal to or less than the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer when the fire breaks out in the first chamber 18 .

As shown in FIG. 6 , the first door 51 has a pivoting area in the second chamber 19 . A door stop 32 prevents the first door 51 from rotating toward the first chamber 18 .
As shown in FIG. 7, the second door 53 has a rotation area on the side opposite to the first door 51. As shown in FIG. That is, the second door 53 has a rotation area in the first chamber 18 when the first door 51 is closed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the first door 51 is provided with a first operation portion 56 . The first operating portion 56 is configured to be operable from both the first chamber 18 side and the second chamber 19 side. The first operation portion 56 is configured to be able to release the engagement of the first door 51 with the door frame 31 by a latch (not shown). That is, the first door 51 is configured to be openable with respect to the door frame 31 by operating the first operation portion 56 .

A second operation portion 57 is provided on the second door 53 . The second operating portion 57 is configured to be operable from the second chamber 19 side. The second operation portion 57 is configured to be able to release the engagement of the second door 53 with the first door 51 by a latch (not shown). That is, the second door 53 is configured to be openable with respect to the first door 51 by operating the second operation portion 57 .

The first door 51 is provided with a second door 53 that prevents the evacuation door 30 from rotating toward the second chamber 19 and positions the second door 53 at a position where a latch (not shown) engages the first door 51 . A doorstop for the second door 53 may be provided.

(action)
In the configuration described above, when a fire breaks out in the first room 18 , a person in the room operates the first operation section 56 from the first room 18 side to open the escape door 30 to the second room 19 side. At this time, both the first door 51 and the second door 53 are opened. As a result, the people in the room can use the entire opening 14 to evacuate. In addition, the fire brigade arriving at the second room 19 closes the evacuation door 30 once, and then operates the second operation part 57 from the second room 19 side to open the second door 53 to the first room 18 side. do. A fire brigade uses the lower part of the opening 14 to carry out fire fighting activities. At this time, since the height Ha of the second door 53 is equal to or less than the lower end height Zs of the smoke layer, the intrusion of smoke from the first chamber 18 to the second chamber 19 is suppressed.

According to the second embodiment, the following effects can be obtained in addition to the effects described in (1-1) and (1-2) above.
(2-1) The second door 53 is provided so as to be surrounded by the first door 51 and is rotatably supported by the first door 51 . As a result, the width Wa when only the second door 53 is opened is smaller than the width W of the opening 14, so that the intrusion of smoke from the first chamber 18 into the second chamber 19 can be effectively suppressed. can.

(2-2) The rotation area of the first door 51 is the second chamber 19, and the rotation area of the second door 53 is the first chamber 18 when the first door 51 is closed. As a result, the second door 53 does not become an obstacle during firefighting activities around the escape door 30 in the second room 19 .

(2-3) The first door 51 is provided so as to be operable from the first chamber 18 side and the second chamber 19 side, and the second door 53 can be rotated in conjunction with the first door 51. A portion 56 is provided. Further, the second door 53 is provided with a second operation portion 57 which is operable only from the second chamber 19 side and which allows the second door 53 to rotate with respect to the first door 51 . As a result, the person in the room can operate the first operation unit 56 to open the evacuation door 30, and erroneous opening of the second door 53 during evacuation is prevented.

The above embodiment can be implemented with the following modifications. The above embodiments and the following modifications can be combined with each other within a technically consistent range.
- In 2nd Embodiment, the 2nd operation part 57 may be operable from the 1st chamber 18 side.

- In 2nd Embodiment, the 2nd chamber 19 may be sufficient as the rotation area|region of the 2nd door 34 in the state in which the 1st door 33 was closed. Also, it may be rotatable with respect to both the first chamber 18 and the second chamber 19 . That is, according to the configuration in which the second door 34 is provided so as to be surrounded by the first door 33 as in the second embodiment, the rotation area of the second door 34 can be selected according to the design specifications at that time. can be done.

- In 1st Embodiment, the operation part which can open and close only the 2nd door 34 may be provided separately. At this time, it is preferable that the operation portion can be operated only from the second chamber 19 side.
- In the first embodiment, the second door 34 may be rotated in the first chamber 18 when the first door 33 is closed.

- The disaster prevention equipment 20 should just be equipped with the exhaust equipment 21, and is not restricted to pressurization smoke prevention equipment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Building, 11... Evacuation stairs, 12... Staircase, 13... Attached room, 14... Opening, 15... Adjacent room, 16... General room, 17... Wall, 18... First room, 19... Second room, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20... Disaster prevention equipment, 21... Exhaust equipment, 22... Air supply equipment, 23... Smoke exhaust port, 24... Exhaust machine, 26... Air supply machine, 30... Evacuation door, 31... Door frame, 32... Door stop, 33 1st door 34 2nd door 35, 36 hinge 37 connecting member 38 operating part 40 floor 41 smoke layer 42 air layer 43 fire source 51 th 1 door, 52...Hinge, 53...Second door, 54...Hinge, 56...First operating section, 57...Second operating section.

Claims (8)

Provided through a door frame in an opening formed in a wall that separates a first room from which smoke is exhausted by an exhaust system in the event of a fire and a second room that constitutes a part of the escape route from the first room. , an evacuation door that opens and closes the opening,
a first door capable of opening and closing the upper part of the opening;
a second door configured to be able to open and close at least a portion of a lower portion of the opening when the first door is closed, and which can be opened and closed together with the first door when the first door is opened and closed; ,
The evacuation door, wherein the height of the second door is equal to or lower than the lower end height of the smoke layer when a fire occurs in the first room. The evacuation door according to claim 1, wherein the second door is configured to be able to open and close the entire lower portion of the opening. 3. The evacuation door according to claim 2, wherein said second door is rotatably supported by said door frame, and said second chamber is a rotatable region of said first door and said second door. 4. A connection member provided on the second chamber side, which connects the second door to the first door and can release the connection of the second door to the first door by a releasing operation. Fire escape door as described. The first door is rotatably supported by the door frame,
The evacuation door according to claim 1, wherein the second door is provided so as to be surrounded by the first door and is rotatably supported by the first door. the rotation area of the first door is the second chamber,
6. The evacuation door according to claim 5, wherein in a state in which the first door is closed, the rotation area of the second door is the first chamber. a first operation unit provided on the first door so as to be operable from the first chamber side and the second chamber side, and capable of rotating the second door in conjunction with the first door;
7. The second operation part according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the second door is provided to be operable only from the second chamber side, and the second operation part is rotatable with respect to the first door. escape door. Exhaust equipment for exhausting smoke from the first room when a fire occurs in the first room;
Provided through a door frame in an opening formed in a wall that separates the first room and a second room that constitutes a part of the escape route from the first room, for evacuation that opens and closes the opening comprising a door and
The evacuation door is
a first door capable of opening and closing the upper part of the opening;
a second door configured to be able to open and close at least a portion of a lower portion of the opening when the first door is closed, and which can be opened and closed together with the first door when the first door is opened and closed; ,
The disaster prevention equipment, wherein the height of the second door is equal to or lower than the lower end height of the smoke layer when a fire occurs in the first room.

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