JP2022072657A - Absorbent article - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an absorbent article for outer use, preventing slippage of an absorber for inner use due to walking or movement with a wheelchair, suppressing a sense of pressure in wearing, and enhanced in adhesion of a crotch part.SOLUTION: An absorbent article 50 which comprises a top sheet 10, a back sheet 30, an absorber 20 therebetween, and three-dimensional gathers 40 arranged in pairs in a width direction on a skin side face of the top sheet 10 is such that: a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 arranged in width direction inner sides of the three-dimensional gathers 40 between the top sheet 10 and the absorber 20 and extending in a lengthwise direction are further provided; the absorbent sheets 90 each comprise a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric 11 in which the skin side face is raised and a plurality of raised fibers 11x are erected, SAP 12 carried by between the raised fibers 11x, and a hydrophilic sheet 13 including them; a width of each absorbent sheet 90 is 30 mm or more and 70 mm, and a length thereof is 300 mm or more and 900 mm or less; and a basis weight of the SAP 12 of each absorbent sheet 90 is 60 g/m2 or more and 390 g/m2 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an absorbent article.

Although there are various forms of absorbent articles, for long-term care, it is the mainstream to wear them in combination with tape-stopping type as outerwear, disposable diapers such as pants type, and pad products such as urine absorbing pad as innerwear. Is. When body fluid is excreted, it is economically common to replace only the inner unless the outer is dirty, and use the outer for 1 to 3 days at the maximum. Conventionally, various proposals have been made regarding such a combination of an outer and an inner.

Patent Document 1 states that when an absorbent article as an outer and an auxiliary absorber as an inner are used in combination, the body fluid such as urine excreted by the wearer is well received and the lateral leakage of the body fluid is prevented. For the purpose, the first flap provided between the top sheet and the back sheet so as to extend in the length direction on both sides in the width direction of the skin surface side of the absorber, and the outer side in the width direction of the first flap are provided. It is provided with a second flap provided so as to extend in the length direction, and the first flap has a first base portion as a starting point for rising from the absorber, a first free end as a tip rising from the absorber, and a first. It has a first elastic member extending in the length direction between the base and the first free end, is inclined outward in the width direction, and the second flap is a second base which is a starting point for rising from the absorber. It has a second free end, which is a tip rising from the absorber, and a second elastic member extending in the length direction between the second base portion and the second free end, and has a width of the first base portion on one end side in the width direction. An absorbent article is disclosed which further has a third elastic member provided so as to extend in the length direction between the first base portion on the other end side in the direction and is used as an inner.

Patent Document 2 describes a top sheet, a back sheet, and a back sheet for the purpose of providing an outer absorbent article having both durability that can be used for a certain period of time in combination with a separate inner and absorption performance that can be used alone. A second sheet made of an air-laid non-woven fabric, which is arranged between the top sheet and the absorber and is fixed to the skin side surface of the absorber by a hot melt adhesive, is provided. An absorbent article is disclosed in which a top sheet is fixed on a second sheet after heat embossing is performed on the sheet.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-209124 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-61237

The care recipients who use absorbent articles include a wide range of users with different levels of care, from severe bedridden users to users who are relatively healthy but have difficulty in excretion. When a relatively healthy user goes out with a wheelchair or caregiving, even if the outer is highly absorbent, the inner will shift due to vibration during walking or moving, and leakage will occur while leaving a margin in the amount of absorption. Is endless. There is a demand for an absorbent article for outerwear that can be worn by relatively healthy users with peace of mind when going out, with improved inner fixation and crotch adhesion, and suppresses the feeling of oppression when worn.

The inner absorbent article described in Patent Document 1 achieves its purpose to some extent in a scene where there is relatively little movement, such as in a house. However, Patent Document 1 does not consider vibration during walking or moving when a relatively healthy user wears the absorbent article and goes out with a wheelchair or assistance, and by walking or moving the wheelchair. It is not possible to solve the problem that the inner absorber is displaced and lateral leakage occurs. Further, also in Patent Document 2, although the durability and absorption performance of the outer absorbent article are improved, the deviation of the inner absorbent body due to walking or movement of the wheelchair is not considered at all.

An object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent article that prevents the inner absorbent article from shifting due to walking or moving a wheelchair, suppresses a feeling of oppression when worn, and enhances the adhesion of the crotch portion.

As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the present inventor has a pair of three-dimensional gathers on the surface of the top sheet, and in an absorbent article having an absorbing portion responsible for absorbing body fluid, the pair of three-dimensional gathers. A plurality of absorbent sheets having a predetermined structure and extending from one end to the other end in the length direction of the absorbing portion are arranged between the top sheet of the absorbing portion and the absorber in the region in the width direction between the top sheets. We have found a configuration in which unevenness is provided in the thickness direction. According to the configuration, the present inventor mainly attaches the pad product as an inner between the absorbing portion and the wearer's body and walks or moves the wheelchair, mainly on the thickness of the top sheet surface. Although the unevenness in the vertical direction is not a large step, it has been found that the unevenness unexpectedly and remarkably suppresses the deviation of the pad product, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides the following absorbent articles.

(1) A liquid-permeable top sheet, a liquid-impermeable back sheet, an absorber arranged between the top sheet and the back sheet, and a pair on the skin side surface of the top sheet in the width direction. An absorbent article with three-dimensional gathers arranged so as to
Further provided between the top sheet and the absorber are a plurality of absorbent sheets extending in the length direction arranged side by side in the width direction inside the three-dimensional gather.
The absorbent sheet includes a hydrophilic non-woven fabric on which the side surface of the skin is raised and a plurality of raised fibers are erected, a highly absorbent polymer supported between the raised fibers of the hydrophilic non-woven fabric, and a hydrophilic material that encloses them. Including the sheet,
The dimensions of each absorbent sheet are 30 mm or more and 70 mm in width and 300 mm or more and 900 mm or less in length.
An absorbent article in which the basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer of each absorbent sheet is 60 g / m ² or more and 390 g / m ² or less.
(2) The absorbent article of (1) above, wherein the basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer is changed for each absorbent sheet.
(3) A thickness that is arranged near both ends in the length direction, partially overlaps with the absorber in the thickness direction, is formed wider than the absorber, and has a cushioning property that cushions tightening around the waist. The absorbent article according to (1) or (2) above, further comprising a core material having a size of 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, wherein the core material is a sheet-like member containing urethane foam or polyethylene foam.
(4) The absorbent article according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the absorbent body includes a plurality of the absorbent sheets.

According to the present invention, there is provided an absorbent article that prevents the inner absorbent article from shifting due to walking or moving a wheelchair, suppresses a feeling of oppression at the time of wearing, and enhances the adhesion of the crotch portion.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the absorbent article which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic development plan view, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminated structure of only an absorbent sheet and an absorber, and (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view in the width direction at the X1 _- X1 cutting line of ( _a ). Are shown respectively. It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the absorber in the absorbent article shown in FIG. (A) shows a schematic cross-sectional view in the width direction, and (b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view in the length direction. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the absorbent article which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic development plan view, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminated structure of only an absorbent sheet and an absorber, and (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view in the width direction at the X2 _- X2 cutting line of ₍ a). Are shown respectively. It is a schematic diagram which shows the combination example of the absorbent article shown in FIG. 1 as an outer, and the pad type absorbent article as an inner. (A) is a schematic development plan view, (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a laminated structure of only an absorbent sheet and an absorber, and (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view in the width direction at the X ₃ -X ₃ cutting line of (a). Are shown respectively.

In the present specification, the attachment of the absorbent article means a state in which the absorbent article is attached to the body before and after the absorption of the body fluid. In the absorbent article, the length direction is the direction extending to the front and back of the body through the crotch portion of the wearer when the absorbent article is attached to the body, and the width direction is a direction orthogonal to the length direction. The thickness direction is the direction in which the constituent members are laminated. The skin surface (or skin side surface) is the surface that comes into contact with the wearer's skin and the surface that faces the skin when the absorbent article is worn, and the non-skin surface (or non-skin side surface) is the wearer's skin surface (or non-skin side surface). A surface that comes into contact with clothing or a surface that faces clothing. Body fluid refers to the liquid excreted from the body such as urine, blood, and water in loose stool.

<Absorbable article (first embodiment)>
Hereinafter, the absorbent article 50 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view showing the appearance of the absorbent article 50 on the skin surface side, and FIG. 1B is a width direction showing a laminated structure of only the absorbent body 20 and the absorbent sheet 90 in the absorbent portion 1. Is a schematic cross-sectional view of the above, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the absorbent article 50. These drawings do not specify the shape, size, size relationship, etc. of each component in the absorbent article 50. The absorbent article 50 of the present embodiment is a tape-stopping type disposable diaper used as an outer, and has a top sheet 10, a plurality of absorbent sheets 90, an absorbent body 20, and a back sheet 30 on the skin side surface of the exterior portion. It supports an absorption unit 1 including a pair of three-dimensional gathers 40. The lengthwise dimension of the absorbent article 50 is, for example, in the range of 650 mm or more and 1100 mm or less.

According to the present embodiment, first, in the absorbent article 50 for outerwear having the absorbing portion 1 inside, the top sheet 10 and the absorber 20 are inside the three-dimensional gather 40 of the absorbing portion 1 in the width direction. By arranging a plurality of absorbent sheets 90, which will be described later, between the absorbent sheets 90, the unevenness in the thickness direction of the side surface of the top sheet 10 caused by the absorbent sheets 90 is formed on the absorbent portion 1 as an inner absorbent article (pad). The lateral displacement of the product, etc.) can be remarkably suppressed, leakage can be effectively prevented, and the adhesion to the inner crotch portion can be improved when the product is attached.
Secondly, the absorbent sheet 90 near the center of the absorption section 1 in the width direction ensures that the absorption force at the center of the crotch 17 can be appropriately secured as an outer, and it easily extends in the length direction, so that it is easy to move when mounted. This is an absorbent article 50 for outerwear, which has high flexibility and reduced the oppressive feeling of tightening.
Thirdly, by arranging the absorbent sheet 90 in the vicinity of the three-dimensional gathers 40 at both ends in the width direction of the absorbing portion 1, a convex portion (damage) for suppressing lateral leakage can be provided.

Further, by changing the basis weight of the high-absorbent polymer for each of the plurality of absorbent sheets 90 and arranging them appropriately, for example, the high-absorbent polymer high-basis weight absorbent sheet 90 is arranged in the central portion in the width direction. The absorption amount is secured, and the highly absorbent polymer high basis weight absorbent sheet 90 is arranged at both ends in the width direction of the absorption unit 1 to suppress lateral leakage as a breakwater, and the other absorbent sheet 90 has a low basis weight and length. The balance between mounting and absorption can be optimized as an outer, such as being configured to be able to carry out directional diffusion and elasticity.
Furthermore, by arranging a core material as a cushioning material around the waist, the oppressive feeling of tightening is reduced and the fit is better than that of a conventional absorbent article having an absorbent part including an absorber mainly composed of fluff pulp. As a result, an absorbent article 50 capable of suppressing leakage can be obtained.

In this embodiment, as will be described later, a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 are extended from the vicinity of one end in the length direction to the vicinity of the other end of the absorption unit 1 so as to line up between the pair of three-dimensional gathers 40 in the width direction. The surface of the top sheet 10 is provided with irregularities that can prevent the inner absorbent article from slipping. However, it was an unexpected result for the present inventor who has been involved in the research of absorbent articles that such unevenness exhibits the above-mentioned effect. On the other hand, when the length of the absorbent sheet 90 is set to about half of the length from the vicinity of one end to the vicinity of the other end of the absorbent portion 1 in the length direction, the absorbent capacity for the inner is absorbed while walking or using a wheelchair. It was not possible to sufficiently prevent the misalignment of the articles.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the absorbent article 50 mainly abuts on the front body 60 arranged so as to mainly abut on the ventral portion 15 of the wearer and the dorsal portion 16 of the wearer. The width of the back body 70, the crotch 80 arranged so as to be interposed between the front body 60 and the back body 70 and mainly in contact with the wearer's crotch 17, and the width of the back body 70. A pair of side flaps 62 extending outward from both ends in the direction, a pair of side panels 64 fixed in the middle of the side flaps 62 in the width direction and extending outward in both width directions, and a side panel 64. A pair of fastening tapes 64a arranged on the knobs divided into two crotches, and a band shape near the center in the width direction near the end in the length direction of the front body 60, and fastening when the absorbent article 50 is attached. The outer shape is configured by the exterior portion including the target tape 63 to which the tape 64a is fixed. The absorbing portion 1 is mainly supported by the skin side surface of the crotch portion 80, and has an elongated shape in the length direction that covers the crotch portion 17 of the wearer from the front and back of the body. In the present embodiment, the absorbent article 50 is composed of an integrated exterior portion extending from the front body 60 to the back body 70 via the crotch portion 80, but the absorbent article 50 is not limited to this, and the front body 60 and the back body are not limited to this. The 70 may be a separate body, and these may be connected by the absorbing unit 1 to form an integrated absorbent article 50.

The width direction dimension of the front body 60 is, for example, 380 mm or more and 790 mm or less, the width direction dimension of the rear body 70 is, for example, 535 mm or more and 1115 mm or less, and the width direction dimension of the crotch portion 80 is, for example, 250 mm or more. The range is 320 mm or less, or 270 mm or more and 310 mm or less. By adjusting the dimensions of the front body 60, the back body 70, and the crotch 80 within the above range, the tape-stopping type absorbent article 50 that enhances the fixing property of the inner absorbent article and suppresses the feeling of oppression. Is obtained.

Hereinafter, each component will be described in the order of front body 60, rear body 70, crotch portion 80, side flap 62, target tape 63, absorption portion 1, and core material 65.

<Front body, back body and crotch>
The front body 60 and the back body 70 are formed of an exterior material including a non-woven fabric at the front end (ventral end) and the rear end (dorsal end) of the absorption portion 1, respectively. .. Further, the crotch portion 80 is interposed between the front body 60 and the back body 70, and is similarly formed of an exterior portion material including a non-woven fabric or the like.

In the present embodiment, the front body 60, the back body 70, and the crotch 80 are an exterior nonwoven fabric sheet (not shown) located on the non-skin side of the wearer and a back sheet film (not shown) located on the skin side of the wearer, respectively. (Not shown) and. The exterior material composed of the exterior non-woven fabric sheet and the back sheet film is folded in half along the center line of the absorption portion 1 so that the absorption portion 1 is on the inside, and both sides of the ventral portion 15 and the dorsal portion 16 are folded. The edges are connected. As a result, the exterior non-woven fabric sheet forms an elastic waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and the absorbent article 50 is formed into a detachable pants shape as a whole. Then, when the absorbent article 50 is worn, the ventral portion 15 covers the lumbar region on the ventral side of the wearer, and the dorsal portion 16 covers the lumbar region on the back side of the wearer.

For example, a back sheet film is laminated on the inside of the exterior nonwoven fabric sheet to increase the strength of the front body 60, the back body 70, and the crotch portion 80. As the exterior nonwoven fabric sheet, a nonwoven fabric containing fibers made of a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, polyester, or polyethylene can be used. Specific examples of the non-woven fabric include thermal bonded non-woven fabric, air-through non-woven fabric, spun-bonded non-woven fabric and the like. Among these, air-through non-woven fabric, spunbonded non-woven fabric and the like are preferable. The basis weight of the non-woven fabric is, for example, in the range of 15 g / m ² or more and 40 g / m ² or less. As the back sheet film, a resin film can be used without particular limitation, and examples thereof include a polyethylene film. The basis weight of the back sheet film is, for example, 10 g / m ² ) or more and 40 g / m ² ) or less.

<Side flap and target tape>
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the absorbent article 50 of the present embodiment includes a pair of side flaps 62 formed on both side ends in the width direction of the ventral side portion 15 and the dorsal side portion 16 of the back sheet, and a dorsal portion. The side panel 64 provided at the widthwise side end on the free end side, which is the widthwise outer end of each side flap 62 of the side portion 16, and the widthwise outer end of the side panel 64. It has two fastening tapes 64a provided at the widthwise end on the free end side. The absorbent article 50 also includes embodiments without side flaps 62, side panels 64 and fastening tape 64a. Further, the side panel 64 and the fastening tape 64a may be formed of separate members or may be integrally formed of both. Further, in the present embodiment, the two fastening tapes 64a on one side panel 64 may be provided apart from each other along the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 50. The fastening tape 64a is provided on the side surface of the skin with a fastening means including a hook member constituting a surface fastener for fastening the ventral side portion 15 and the dorsal side portion 16, and the outer end portion of each fastening tape 64a in the width direction. A knob margin divided into two may be provided at the tip portion. On the other hand, a target tape 63 formed of a loop member constituting the hook-and-loop fastener may be provided on the clothing side surface of the ventral side portion 15. When the absorbent article 50 is attached to the wearer, each fastening tape 64a is fixed to a target tape 63 made of a loop member as a fastening means. As a result, the absorbent article 50 of the present embodiment can be configured as a tape-stopping type disposable diaper. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the absorbent article 50 may be formed by connecting the front body 60 and the rear body 70 at the widthwise end portion at the waist portion and integrating them into a pants shape.

Examples of the base material of the side flap 62 include a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and the like, and these base materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the base material of the side panel 64 and the fastening tape 64a include a resin film and a non-woven fabric made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and the like, and these base materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the hook member refers to a member composed of hook-shaped protrusions among the members constituting the hook-and-loop fastener, and the loop member is a member paired with the hook member and is densely raised in a loop shape. Refers to a member. The hook-and-loop fastener is formed by pairing the hook member and the loop member. The absorbent article 50 is, for example, by bringing the ventral portion 15 to the wearer's abdomen side with the dorsal portion 16 against the wearer's back and fastening the fastening tape 64a to the target tape 63. , Can be installed.

<Absorbent>
As shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c), the absorption unit 1 includes a top sheet 10, a plurality of absorbent sheets 90, an absorber 20, and a back laminated from the skin side to the non-skin side. The sheet 30 is used as a basic unit. The absorbing portion 1 of the present embodiment has a pair of three-dimensional gathers 40 extending in the longitudinal direction near both ends of the skin side surface of the top sheet 10 in the width direction. Various known modifications can be applied to the absorption unit 1. Hereinafter, the configuration of each member will be described in more detail in the order of the top sheet 10, the absorber 20, the absorbent sheet 90, the back sheet 30, and the three-dimensional gather 40.

<Top sheet>
The top sheet 10 is a liquid-permeable sheet-like base material that allows body fluids to quickly pass through the absorbent sheet 90 and the absorbent body 20. Since the top sheet 10 may come into contact with the wearer's skin, a base material that has a soft feel and does not irritate the skin is preferable. Examples of the base material include a hydrophilic sheet, a composite non-woven fabric which is a laminate of the same or different types of hydrophilic sheets, an open film such as an open polyethylene film, and a foamed film such as polyethylene foam and urethane foam. Examples of the hydrophilic sheet include air-through non-woven fabrics, thermal bond non-woven fabrics, and spunlaced non-woven fabrics made of synthetic fibers made of synthetic resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, recycled fibers such as rayon, and natural fibers such as cotton. Examples thereof include spunbonded non-woven fabric. Among these, non-woven fabric is preferable, and air-through non-woven fabric or spunbonded non-woven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of forming unevenness by the absorbent sheet 90 on the side surface of the top sheet 10.

The surface of the top sheet 10 may be embossed or perforated from the viewpoint of improving liquid permeability. The top sheet 10 may contain one or more of lotions, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory components, pH regulators, antibacterial agents, moisturizers and the like from the viewpoint of reducing irritation to the skin. The basis weight of the top sheet 10 is, for example, in the range of 15 g / m ² or more and 40 g / m ² or less from the viewpoint of strength, workability and liquid return amount. The shape of the top sheet 10 is not particularly limited, and is a shape that covers a part or all of the absorber 20 required to guide the body fluid to the reactive absorbent sheet 90 and the absorber 20 so as not to leak. It should be.

<Absorber>
The length (maximum length) of the absorber 20 is, for example, a range of 100 mm or more and 800 mm or less, a range of 150 mm or more and 500 mm or less, or a range of 270 mm or more and 500 mm or less. The dimension (maximum width) in the width direction of the absorber 20 is, for example, a range of 50 mm or more and 500 mm or less, a range of 60 mm or more and 400 mm or less, or a range of 70 mm or more and 105 mm or less. When the plan view shape of the absorber 20 is an hourglass shape, the longitudinal dimension is in the range of 180 mm or more and 800 mm or less, and the widthwise dimension of the ventral and dorsal portions that abut on the wearer's abdomen and back, respectively. Both are in the range of 60 mm or more and 400 mm or less, and the widthwise dimension of the crotch portion in contact with the crotch portion of the wearer is in the range of 90 mm or more and 250 mm or less. The entire surface or a part of the absorber 20 may be embossed. Examples of the plan view shape of the absorber 20 include an hourglass shape, an I-shape, a rectangle, a quadrangle with rounded corners, an oval, and the like.

The absorber 20 contains, for example, an absorbent fiber and a highly absorbent polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as “SAP”) as an absorbent base material.

(Absorbable fiber)
The absorbent fiber is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, and urine absorbing pads. For example, fluff pulp, cotton, rayon, acetate, tissue, absorbent paper, and hydrophilic fiber are used. Examples include rayon. Among these, fluff pulp is preferable from the viewpoint of absorbability. Examples of the fluff pulp include wood pulp (for example, coniferous bleached kraft pulp (N-BKP) such as Southern pine and Douglas fur), synthetic fiber, resin fiber, cotton-like defibrated product such as non-wood pulp, and the like. When fluff pulp is used as the absorbent fiber in the absorber 20, the basis weight of the absorbent fiber is, for example, in the range of 100 g / m ² or more and 800 g / m ² or less or 325 g / m ² or more and 615 g / m ² or less. be. As a result, more body fluid can be absorbed without impairing the touch.

(Highly absorbent polymer)
The highly absorbent polymer is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb body fluids and prevent backflow, and is composed of polyacrylic acid salt, polyaspartic acid salt, (starch-acrylic acid) graft copolymer, and (acrylic acid). Examples thereof include an acid-vinyl alcohol) copolymer, a (isobutylene-maleic anhydride) copolymer and a saponified product thereof. Among these, polyacrylic acid salt is preferable, polyacrylic acid alkali metal salt is more preferable, and sodium polyacrylate is further preferable, from the viewpoint of the amount of absorption per weight. The highly absorbent polymer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The highly absorbent polymer is used, for example, in the form of particles, fibers, etc., but is preferably used in the form of particles from the viewpoint of ease of handling and the like. At this time, by avoiding the use of a highly absorbent polymer of fine powder having poor fluidity as a powder and using a highly absorbent polymer having a medium particle size, the basic performance regarding absorption is enhanced and the absorber 20 is used. It is possible to reduce the rugged tactile sensation generated by the hardening of the material. The medium particle size of the highly absorbent polymer is, for example, in the range of 50 μm or more and 600 μm or less, or 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less.

The basis weight of the SAP in the absorber 20 is, for example, 60 g / m ² or more and 450 g / m ² or less, or 245 g / m ² or more and 445 g / m ² or less. By setting the basis weight of SAP within the above-mentioned numerical range, gel blocking in the absorber 20 can be prevented and a large amount of body fluid can be absorbed by the absorber 20. Further, in the absorber 20, the weight of the highly absorbent polymer / the weight of the entire absorber 20 × 100 (%), which is the ratio of the weight of the highly absorbent polymer to the weight of the entire absorber 20, is, for example, 15 weight. % Or more, or 15% by weight or more and 70% by weight or less.

In the absorber 20, the morphology of the absorbent fiber and the SAP may be formed by mixing SAP particles in the absorbent fiber, or may be a SAP sheet in which SAP particles are fixed between the absorbent fibers.

<Absorbable sheet>
As shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 extending in the length direction are arranged in the width direction on the skin side surface of the absorber 20 inside the pair of three-dimensional gathers 40 in the width direction. The absorbent sheet 90 is relatively flat (relatively thin and thick) and has an elongated three-dimensional shape. In the present embodiment, two absorbent sheets 90 extending in the center in the width direction in the length direction and having a relatively long length, and a pair of three-dimensional gathers 40 separated from each other in the width direction. Two absorbent sheets 90, which extend in the length direction and have a relatively short length, are arranged. The central absorbent sheet 90 mainly contributes to the absorption of body fluid, and the relatively short absorbent sheet 90 arranged along the three-dimensional gather 40 contributes to the prevention of lateral leakage of the body fluid. The absorbent sheet 90 may be arranged at a position overlapping with the three-dimensional gather 40 in the thickness direction. The number of absorbent sheets 90 to be arranged is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the width of the absorbent sheets 90 and the like. For example, the number of absorbent sheets 90 is in the range of 2 or more and 20 or less, or 3 or more and 10 sheets. The range is below this.

The dimensions of the absorbent sheet 90 are 30 mm or more and 70 mm in width and 300 mm or more and 900 mm or less in length. According to the research of the present inventor, it has been found that having this dimension forms unevenness on the skin side surface of the top sheet 10 which is effective for suppressing the deviation of the absorbent article for innerwear when walking or using a wheelchair. ing. If the width is less than 30 mm or the width exceeds 70 mm, the unevenness of the side surface of the top sheet 10 becomes insufficient, and the inner absorbent article tends to be easily displaced due to walking or using a wheelchair. If the length is less than 300 mm, the effect of suppressing the displacement of the inner absorbent article tends to be insufficient. If the length exceeds 900 mm, an unnecessary portion is generated beyond the length of the crotch of the wearer, so that the wearing feeling tends to be deteriorated.

In a preferred embodiment, all of the plurality of absorbent sheets 90 have the same length as the absorber 20, but at least 1 to 3 have the same length as the absorber 20. The remaining absorbent sheet 90 may be configured to be shorter than the same length as the absorber 20 and to have a length exceeding half the length of the absorber 20. According to this configuration, the unevenness in the thickness direction of the surface of the top sheet 10 can remarkably suppress the deviation in the width direction of the inner absorber 3 described later due to the vibration of walking or using a wheelchair.

The basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer 12 per absorbent sheet 90 is 60 g / m ² or more and 390 g / m ² or less. If it is less than 60 g / m ² , the absorption performance of the absorbent article 50 as an outer tends to deteriorate. When it exceeds 390 g / m ² , the hard feel derived from the highly absorbent polymer 12 is strengthened, and the wearing feeling and the fitting feeling tend to be deteriorated. Further, in a preferred embodiment, the basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer 12 of the plurality of absorbent sheets 90 is changed for each one. According to this configuration, the above-mentioned effect of suppressing lateral leakage and the effect of improving body fluid diffusivity and elasticity in the length direction can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 2, the absorbent sheet 90 has a body fluid absorbing layer in which a highly absorbent polymer 12 is supported on a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric (hereinafter, also referred to as “base nonwoven fabric”) 11 having a raised surface 11a on the skin side surface. , These are wrapped in a hydrophilic sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as “packaging sheet”) 13. The absorbent sheet 90 is a kind of absorbent body that does not contain absorbent fibers such as fluff pulp. Here, a transfer sheet (liquid diffusible sheet) made of a hydrophilic non-woven fabric may be arranged between the absorbent sheet 90 and the top sheet 10.

(Highly absorbent polymer)
As the highly absorbent polymer 12, the same highly absorbent polymer used for the absorber 20 can be used in the same manner. For example, a hot melt adhesive is used to fix and support the highly absorbent polymer 12 between the plurality of raised fibers 11x erected on the raised surface 11a of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11. As the hot melt adhesive, one having a melting point of 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower can be used without particular limitation. Examples thereof include hot melt adhesives and olefin hot melt adhesives such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. As a method for applying the hot melt adhesive, known methods such as a curtain coat method in which the hot melt adhesive in a molten state is applied from a nozzle in a non-contact manner, a spiral method, and a slot method in which the hot melt adhesive is applied by a contact method can be used. The content of the hot melt adhesive is, for example, in the range of 10 g / m ² or less from the viewpoint of not impairing the absorbability of the highly absorbent polymer and the touch when worn.

(Base non-woven fabric)
The substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is made of a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric, and the skin side surface facing the wearer's skin becomes the raised surface 11a, and the non-skin surface becomes the non-raised surface 11b. A plurality of raised fibers 11x are erected on the raised surface 11a, and the highly absorbent polymer 12 is fixedly supported between the raised fibers 11x to form a body fluid absorption layer. The plurality of raised fibers 11x erected on the raised surface 11a are formed by subjecting the surface of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 to a raising process such as a fluffing process. The plurality of raised fibers 11x of the base non-woven fabric 11 imparts an appropriate thickness and softness to the absorbent sheet 90 in addition to the original bulkiness of the non-woven fabric, provides good cushioning properties, and improves the fit when worn. do. Further, when the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is raised, the highly absorbent polymer 12 can be dispersed and fixedly supported between the raised fibers 11x. Examples of the method for raising the one-sided surface 11a of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 include a method using a rotary saw blade, a needle punch, and the like, and a method using a rotary saw blade is preferable from the viewpoint of in-line productivity and cost.

The degree of raising of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient if the raising can be visually confirmed. For example, the raising rate as the degree of raising is in the range of 5% or more and 90% or less, or in the range of 8% or more and 80% or less. Is. The raising rate means the rate of increase in the thickness of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 due to the raising process. When the thickness of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 before raising is T1 and the thickness of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 after raising is T2, the raising rate (%) = [(T2-T1) / T1] × 100. The thicknesses T1 and T2 are measured under no load using a height gauge (manufactured by Mitutoyo Co., Ltd.). Further, the fibers may be raised on the non-raised surface 11b of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11.

Examples of the hydrophilic non-woven fabric (base material) constituting the substrate non-woven fabric 11 include non-woven fabrics such as air-through non-woven fabric, point-bonded non-woven fabric, spunbond non-woven fabric, and melt-blow non-woven fabric, spunbond non-woven fabric / melt-blow non-woven fabric laminate, and spunbond non-woven fabric / melt-blow. Examples thereof include composite non-woven fabrics such as non-woven fabrics / spunbonded non-woven fabric laminates. Among these non-woven fabrics, an air-through non-woven fabric is preferable for the substrate non-woven fabric 11 from the viewpoint of increasing the bulk.

The thickness of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the balance between wearing feeling and absorption performance, a range of 0.3 mm or more and 11.0 mm or less, a range of 0.5 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, or 0.5 mm or more 2 The range is 0.0 mm or less. The basis weight of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 35 g / m ² or more and 120 g / m ² or less. The thickness of the packaging sheet 13 is in the range of 0.10 mm or more and 0.25 mm or less, and the basis weight is in the range of 5 g / m ² or more and 40 g / m ² or less.

When the air-through nonwoven fabric is used as the substrate nonwoven fabric 11, the basis weight of the air-through nonwoven fabric is in the range of 35 g / m ² or more and 120 g / m ² or less. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the fibers constituting the air-through nonwoven fabric is in the range of 1.6 dtex or more and 14 dtex or less, 1.8 dtex or more and 9.0 dtex or less, or 2.0 dtex or more and 6.0 dtex or less. By adjusting the thickness of the fibers constituting the air-through nonwoven fabric within the above range, the highly absorbent polymer 12 can be easily dispersed and supported between the raised fibers 11x of the air-through nonwoven fabric, and the highly absorbent polymer on the raised surface 11a can be easily fixed and supported. The uniform dispersibility of 12 is improved.

(Packaging sheet)
The packaging sheet 13 is composed of a hydrophilic sheet and wraps the entire substrate non-woven fabric 11 and the body fluid absorbing layer. More specifically, for example, the non-raised surface 11b of the substrate nonwoven fabric 11 is placed near the center of the surface of the packaging sheet 13 in the width direction, and these are bonded with a hot melt adhesive or the like, and then the packaging sheet 13 is formed. C-fold both ends in the width direction and superimpose them in the thickness direction above the body fluid absorption layer. Both ends of these may be fixed with a hot melt adhesive or the like.

The packaging sheet 13 diffuses the body fluid substantially uniformly over the entire body fluid absorbing layer, for example, and prevents the highly absorbent polymer 12 from falling off from the body fluid absorbing layer. As the hydrophilic sheet constituting the packaging sheet 13, any of those commonly used in this field can be used. Examples include tissue paper and absorbent paper. Among the hydrophilic non-woven fabrics, hydrophilic non-woven fabrics such as thermal bonded non-woven fabrics, spun-bonded non-woven fabrics, air-through non-woven fabrics and pulp-containing non-woven fabrics are more preferable, and air-through non-woven fabrics, pulp-containing non-woven fabrics and spunbonded non-woven fabrics are further preferable.

<Back sheet>
The back sheet 30 may be formed by using a base material having a liquid impermeable property so that the body fluid held by the absorber 20 does not wet the clothes, and the base material may be, for example, a resin film or a resin film. Examples thereof include a composite sheet which is a laminated body of a non-woven fabric and a non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric used for the composite sheet is not particularly limited in the manufacturing method. Examples thereof include composite non-woven fabrics such as bodies and composite materials thereof. Examples of the resin film include polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene, and a composite film of polyethylene and polypropylene.

The basis weight of the back sheet 30 is, for example, in the range of 15 g / m ² or more and 60 g / m ² or less in terms of strength and workability. Further, in order to prevent stuffiness when worn, it is preferable that the back sheet 30 is provided with breathability. In order to provide the back sheet 30 with breathability, for example, a filler may be blended in the resin film of the base material, or the back sheet 30 may be embossed. Calcium carbonate can be mentioned as the filler, and a known method can be used without limitation as the blending method.

<Three-dimensional gather>
The three-dimensional gather 40 is, for example, a top sheet 10 along the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 50 near both ends in the width direction of the absorbent article 50 in order to prevent lateral leakage of the body fluid excreted by the wearer of the absorbent article 50. It is fixed to the side of the skin. The three-dimensional gather 40 includes an elastic stretchable member 40a and a water-repellent and / or waterproof sheet member 40b.

The elastic elastic member 40a is arranged along the longitudinal direction near the free end (the other end) of the seat member 40b, imparts erectability to the free end, and wears the free end of the seat member 40b and a region in the vicinity thereof. Make it deformable according to the body shape of. In the present embodiment, one end (fixed end) in the width direction of the sheet member 40b is fixed near both ends in the width direction of the skin side surface of the back sheet 30, and the middle portion in the width direction is fixed near both ends in the width direction of the skin side surface of the top sheet 10. The other end in the width direction is an upright free end. The fixing position of the fixed end (one end in the width direction) of the sheet member 40b is not limited to the present embodiment, and for example, the non-skin side surface of the back sheet 30, the top sheet 10 and the back sheet 30 in which the absorber 20 is housed inside. Examples thereof include the vicinity of both ends in the width direction of the skin side surface or the non-skin side surface of the skin side surface or the non-skin side surface of all or part of each edge of the top sheet, and the vicinity of both ends in the width direction of the skin side surface of the top sheet 10.

The sheet member 40b is a sheet having water repellency and / or waterproofness, and is made of, for example, a non-woven fabric. As the non-woven fabric for the first sheet member, a water-repellent and / or waterproof (liquid impermeable) non-woven fabric formed of hydrophobic fibers can be used without particular limitation, and for example, a spunbond non-woven fabric, a melt blow non-woven fabric, and a spunbond. Examples thereof include a composite non-woven fabric (SMS non-woven fabric) which is a non-woven fabric / melt blow non-woven fabric / spunbond non-woven fabric laminate. The basis weight of the sheet member 40b is, for example, in the range of 13 g / m ² or more and 20 g / m ² or less. As the elastic elastic member 40a, for example, a thread-shaped, string-shaped, or strip-shaped member made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane, or the like can be appropriately used.

<Core material>
The absorbent article 50 of the present embodiment has a thickness of a part of the absorbent body 20 and a side portion on the side portion further outside (that is, near both ends in the length direction of the absorbent article 50) of both ends in the length direction of the absorbent portion 1. It may have a core material 65 that overlaps in the direction and is wider than the absorber 20. The core material 65 may be arranged in a region that does not overlap with the absorber 20. The core material 65 may be arranged between the exterior nonwoven fabric sheet of the ventral side portion 15 and / or the back side portion 16 and the back sheet film, and the top sheet 10 in the absorption portion 1 and the sheet member 40b of the three-dimensional gather 40 may be arranged. And each end of the backsheet 30 in the length direction may be extended and arranged between these extended areas.

The core material 65 improves, for example, the ease of grasping and the attachment / detachment operation of the longitudinal end portion of the ventral side portion 15 of the absorbent article 50 and / or the longitudinal direction end portion of the dorsal side portion 16, and can be used by both the caregiver and the wearer himself / herself. The alignment of the absorbent article 50 and the replacement operability of the new inner absorbent article and the absorbent article 50 after use are further improved, and the absorbent article 50 also functions as a cushioning material to improve the wearing feeling of the absorbent article 50. Let me. The core material 65 is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit its function and does not give a sense of discomfort to the wearer's body, but for example, a foam sheet containing urethane foam, polyethylene foam, or the like is preferable. The thickness of the foam sheet is, for example, in the range of 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less from the viewpoint of ease of gripping, durability and the like. The plan view shape of the core material 65 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a rectangular shape, an oval shape, an elliptical shape, and a circular shape from the viewpoint of ease of grasping.

<Absorbable article (second embodiment)>
As shown in FIG. 3, the absorbent article 51 is a modified example of the absorbent article 50 having the same configuration as the absorbent article 50 except that the absorbent article 2 is provided instead of the absorbent portion 1. In FIG. 3, the same components as those of the absorbent article 50 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The absorption unit 2 has the same configuration as the absorption unit 1 except that it has an absorber 21 composed of a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 instead of the absorber 20 containing the absorbent fiber and the highly absorbent polymer as main components. .. Here, the absorbent sheet 90 constituting the absorber 21 (hereinafter, also referred to as “non-skin side absorbent sheet 90”) is an absorbent sheet 90 arranged on the skin side (hereinafter, “skin side absorbent sheet 90”). 90 ”), but in a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the width is narrower than that of the absorbent sheet 90 on the skin side. According to this embodiment, by arranging a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 on the non-skin side, which are relatively narrow, side by side in the width direction, unevenness is generated on the skin side surface of the absorber 21 as a whole, which is the skin side. The position of the absorbent sheet 90 is stabilized, the unevenness of the top sheet 10 caused by the absorbent sheet 90 on the skin side is stably maintained for a long period of time, and the effect of preventing the displacement is continuously exhibited.

FIG. 4 shows an example of using the absorbent article 50 of the first embodiment as an outer disposable diaper and using it in combination with the absorbent article 3 which is a pad product for an inner. When both are attached so that the surface of the absorbing portion 1 (the side surface of the top sheet 10 having irregularities) arranged on the side surface of the skin of the absorbent article 50 and the non-skin side surface of the back sheet 31 of the absorbent article 3 are in contact with each other. The skin side surface of the top sheet 10, which extends in the length direction of the top sheet 10 and has irregularities alternately in the width direction, functions effectively against vibrations when walking or using a wheelchair, and the width direction of the absorbent article 3 (arrow). The deviation in the direction) is remarkably suppressed.

Further, the absorbent article 3 includes a top sheet 26, a back sheet 31, an absorber 25 arranged between them, and a three-dimensional gather 41 provided so as to extend both ends in the width direction of the top sheet 26 in the longitudinal direction. The absorber 25 has a two-layer structure of a skin-side absorber 25a and a non-skin-side absorber 25b. Both the skin-side absorber 25a and the non-skin-side absorber 25b contain absorbent fibers and a highly absorbent polymer. When such an absorbent article 3 is used in combination, the position shift hardly occurs, so that the wearer's body fluid is accurately absorbed by the absorbent article 3, and the amount of the body fluid reaching the absorbing portion 1 of the absorbent article 50 is small. Since the absorbent article 50 is less contaminated by the body fluid, the absorbent article 50 can be kept usable for a relatively long time by replacing only the inner absorbent article 3 with a new one.

<Manufacturing method of absorption part>
The absorbent unit 1 can be manufactured by a known manufacturing method. For example, the top sheet 10, the absorbent body 20, and the back sheet 30 are laminated in the thickness direction, and a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 are placed on the skin side surface of the absorbent body 20. A step of arranging the absorbent laminate in a predetermined direction to obtain an absorbent laminate, a step of arranging the absorbent laminate between the top sheet 10 and the back sheet 30, and a part of the edge of the top sheet 10 and the edge of the back sheet 30. Alternatively, it is absorbed inward in the width direction of the three-dimensional gather 40 at a step of fixing using hot melt adhesive, heat embossing, ultrasonic embossing, high frequency embossing, etc. over the entire circumference and at predetermined positions of the back sheet 30 and the top sheet 10. A manufacturing method including a step of installing a three-dimensional gather 40 so that the sex sheet 90 is located can be mentioned. The absorption unit 2 can also be manufactured in the same manner as the absorption unit 1 except that a plurality of absorbent sheets 90 are arranged in the width direction instead of the absorber 20. The inner absorbent article 3 can also be manufactured in the same manner. The absorbent portions 1 and 2 and the absorbent article 3 are appropriately provided with leg gathers, waist gathers, side flaps and the like, if necessary.

<Manufacturing method of absorbent articles>
The methods for producing the absorbent articles 50 and 51 are not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods can be adopted. For example, an exterior nonwoven fabric sheet having a predetermined shape of the front side portion 15, the rear side portion 16, and the crotch portion 17 and A step of preparing a back sheet film, a step of arranging an absorption portion 1 (or an absorption portion 2) on the skin side surface of an exterior portion material including an exterior nonwoven fabric sheet and a bag sheet film, and a target tape 63 of the ventral side portion 15. The absorbent articles 50 and 51 are obtained by a manufacturing method including a step of joining the fastening tape 64a of the back side portion 16 and the fastening tape 64a. Further, the fastening tape 64a may be formed by adhering a fastening means to the surface of the base material of the side panel 64 in advance and cutting it into a predetermined shape to form the side panel 64, which may be bonded to the side flap 62.

Although the present invention has been described above using the embodiments, it goes without saying that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above-described embodiments and examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be made to the above embodiments. It is also clear from the description of the claims that the form with such changes or improvements may be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

(Examples 1 to 3)
As the absorber, the absorbent sheet as the skin-side absorber shown in Table 1 and the absorbent sheet as the non-skin-side absorber shown in Tables 1 and 2 (thickness after raising 1.2 mm of the base non-woven fabric). , Brushed rate 25%) or fluff pulp absorber, air-through non-woven fabric (basis weight 20 g / m ² ) is used as the top sheet, and breathable polyethylene sheet (basis weight 32 g / m ² ) is used as the back sheet. A composite non-woven fabric (basis weight 15 g / m ² ) which is a laminated body of spunbond non-woven fabric / melt blown non-woven fabric / spunbond non-woven fabric is used as a spunbond non-woven fabric (basis weight 17 g / m ² ) as an exterior non-woven fabric sheet and a polyethylene film as a back sheet film. Using (basis weight 20 g / m ² ) and using string-shaped natural rubber as the elastic elastic member, the exterior non-woven fabric sheet and the interior non-woven fabric sheet of the front and back bodies outside the longitudinal direction from the longitudinal end of the absorber Using a non-woven fabric foam sheet in between, the dimensions of the absorbent portion were 350 mm in the longitudinal direction and 180 mm in width, and the absorbent articles for outer fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 having the dimensions shown in Table 1 were produced. Further, as shown in Table 2, absorbent articles for innerwear of Examples 1 to 3 were prepared. In the fluff SAP absorbers shown in Tables 1 and 2, the region mainly in contact with the lower abdomen of the wearer is the front side portion, the region mainly in contact with the crotch portion of the wearer is the crotch portion, and the buttocks of the wearer. The area that mainly abuts on the rear side is the rear side.

The outer absorbent article obtained above and the inner absorbent article were combined and worn by a subject for one week day and night, and their usability was examined and shown in the effect column of Table 2. The subjects were physically healthy persons who had difficulty in excretion, wheelchair users (50s), long-term care recipients who could go out with assistance (50s), and physically healthy persons who had difficulty in excretion. So, I asked three wheelchair users (40s).

1, 2 Absorber 3 Absorbent article (for inner)
10, 26 Top sheet 11 Hydrophilic non-woven fabric (base non-woven fabric)
11a Brushed surface 11b Non-raised surface 11x Brushed fiber 12 Highly absorbent polymer 13 Hydrophilic sheet (packaging sheet)
15 Ventral side 16 Dorsal side 17 Crotch part 20, 21 Absorber 30 Back sheet 40 Three-dimensional gather 40a Elastic elastic member 40b Seat member 50, 51 Absorbent article 60 Front body 61 Elastic elastic member 62 Side flap 63 Target tape 64 Side Panel 64a Fastening tape 65 Core material 70 Dorsal body 80 Crotch 90 Absorbent sheet

Claims (4)

A liquid-permeable top sheet, a liquid-impermeable back sheet, an absorber placed between the top sheet and the back sheet, and a pair of the top sheet on the skin side surface in the width direction. An absorbent article with three-dimensional gathers
Further provided between the top sheet and the absorber are a plurality of absorbent sheets extending in the length direction arranged side by side in the width direction inside the three-dimensional gather.
The absorbent sheet includes a hydrophilic non-woven fabric on which the side surface of the skin is raised and a plurality of raised fibers are erected, a highly absorbent polymer supported between the raised fibers of the hydrophilic non-woven fabric, and a hydrophilic material that encloses them. Including the sheet,
The dimensions of each absorbent sheet are 30 mm or more and 70 mm in width and 300 mm or more and 900 mm or less in length.
An absorbent article in which the basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer of each absorbent sheet is 60 g / m2 or more and 390 g / m2 or less. The absorbent article according to claim 1, wherein the basis weight of the highly absorbent polymer is changed for each absorbent sheet. It is arranged near one end and the other end in the length direction, and a part of it overlaps with the absorber in the thickness direction, and is formed wider than the absorber to cushion the tightening around the waist. The absorbent article according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a core material having a thickness of 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, wherein the core material is a sheet-like member containing urethane foam or polyethylene foam. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the absorbent body includes a plurality of the absorbent sheets.

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