JP2022048565A - Composition for structure, structure, and method for manufacturing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a wooden building 2-hour fireproof structure having good processing moldability, safety after pulverization, waterproofness, fire resistance, flame retardancy and the like from a safe material which is inexpensive and not harmful to a human body.SOLUTION: Provided are: a composition for a structure containing (A) inorganic powder with an average particle size of 500 μm or less or wood powder with an average particle size of 212 μm or less, (B) a room-temperature curing binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 5 nm or less, and (C) a solvent; and a structure for molding and curing the composition for the structure.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a composition for a structure, a structure, and a method for producing the structure. In particular, the present invention relates to a composition for a structure, a structure, and a method for manufacturing the structure, which can form a wooden building having excellent recyclability.

For members that support vertical loads, such as columns and beams of wooden buildings, fireproof structures are designed against both normal fires that are expected to occur outdoors and normal fires that are expected to occur indoors. Until the end, the performance to prevent the spread and collapse of the building is required, and the performance of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours is set according to the members and the number of floors. In the test to obtain the ministerial approval of the fireproof structure under the Building Standard Law, it is required to stop burning naturally without fear of relapse after the heating is completed, and the current evaluation allows the structural wood to be carbonized until the end of the test. do not have.

The certified types of wood-based fireproof structures are the "covered type", in which the wood part is fireproofed with reinforced gypsum board, etc. ”, The steel frame is fire-resistant coated with wood to stop the combustion of wood in the middle, and it is roughly classified into the“ built-in steel frame type ”that suppresses the rise in the temperature of the steel frame. However, the "covered type" does not reveal wood, the "stop-burning type" has a complicated manufacturing method (for example, the flame-retardant layer requires flame-retardant treatment), and the "built-in steel frame type" has limited grades at this time. There is a demerit such as. The current two-hour fireproof structure of a simple wooden building mainly consists of three fireproof gypsum boards with a thickness of 64 mm. Gypsum board is cheap but risky to dispose of. Specifically, for example, a substance that has been treated as industrial waste and buried in the ground has a specific condition (sulfate-reducing bacteria are present, an organic substance that is a carbon source of the sulfate-reducing bacteria is present, sulfate). There is a risk of generating hydrogen sulfide due to retention of water appropriate for the reducing bacteria to grow, etc.). Recycling does not completely solve these problems.

Therefore, as a plan to reduce the waste of a large amount of used structure, instead of thinking about the treatment method for disposal, change the structure itself, which is the entrance, to an environment-friendly and recyclable one. By doing so, it is conceivable to reduce the amount of waste itself in the used structure and solve the waste problem.

Here, as a method of using a recyclable material, a method of crushing the used structure and remolding it can be considered. In order to use this method, the structure is required to have low cost, good processability, safety after pulverization, and the like.

As a method of using the used structure after pulverization, an organic-inorganic composite composition can be considered. The organic-inorganic composite composition proposed as an organic-inorganic composite composition (Patent Document 1) is an organic-inorganic composite composition in which silica particles are finely and substantially uniformly dispersed in an organic synthetic resin. , The organic synthetic resin is obtained by mixing water glass with an aqueous emulsion of the organic synthetic resin and further aggregating the organic synthetic resin and the silica sol by adding an acid (claim of Patent Document 1). Item 1 etc.).

However, in this organic-inorganic composite composition, silica fine particles are finely and uniformly dispersed in order to improve various properties of an organic synthetic resin such as a thermoplastic resin (Patent Document 1, paragraph 0001). ) Therefore, there is a drawback that it cannot be molded at room temperature or low temperature. In addition, the use of resin makes it difficult to use in terms of fire resistance.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-101049

The subject of the present invention is that it is possible to form a structure having good workability, safety after crushing, light weight, waterproofness, fire resistance, etc. from a safe material that is not harmful to the human body at a low cost. To provide a structure for a wide range of structures, and to obtain a structure for a wooden building that is easy to recycle and has ease of processing and fire resistance.

The present invention relates to a composition for a structure, a structure, and a method for producing the structure, which solves the above-mentioned problems by having the following configurations.
[1] (A) Inorganic powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less and wood powder having an average particle diameter of 212 μm or less.
(B) A room temperature curable binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less,
(C) Solvent and
A composition for a 2-hour fireproof structure comprising.
[2] A structure which is a cured product of the composition for a structure according to the above [1].
[3] The structure according to the above [2], which has a thickness of 3 to 300 mm.
[4] A structure having two or more types of the structures according to the above [2] or [3] and having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more.
[5] A method for producing a structure, which cures the composition for a structure according to the above [1].
[6] The method for producing a structure according to the above [5], wherein the curing is performed at 0 to 40 ° C.
[7] A method for producing a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more, which is taken out from the plastic mold after injecting the composition for structure according to the above [1] into a plastic mold and curing the composition. ..
[8] A method for manufacturing a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more by laminating the structures having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more according to the above [4] with a fire resistant adhesive.

According to the present invention [1], from a low-priced, safe material that is not harmful to the human body, good processability, safety after crushing, light weight, waterproofness, fire resistance, and flame retardancy are obtained. It is possible to provide a composition for a structure capable of forming a structure to be provided.

According to the present invention [4], it is possible to provide a structure having good workability, safety after pulverization, light weight, waterproofness, and fire resistance, and having a fire resistance performance of 2 hours or more. ..

According to the present invention [5], it is possible to inexpensively and easily manufacture a structure having low cost, good workability, safety after crushing, light weight, waterproofness, and predetermined fire resistance. can.

It is explanatory drawing of the simple test for examining the two-hour fire resistance. It is explanatory drawing of the use part of the interlayer adhesive and the joint adhesive.

[Composition for structure]
The composition for a structure of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a composition) is
(A) Inorganic powder with an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less or wood powder with an average particle diameter of 212 microns or less.
(B) A room temperature curable binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less, and (C) a solvent.
It is characterized by including. With this configuration, for structures that can form structures with good workability, safety after crushing, light weight, waterproofness, fire resistance, flame retardancy, etc. from low-cost and safe materials. The composition can be provided. Here, the fire resistance is the performance required for a part of the building in order to prevent the building from collapsing and spreading due to the fire until the end of a normal fire, and is a two-hour fire resistance structure. Then, after heating for 2 hours according to the heating curve (ISO834) in the fire-resistant furnace, the fire-resistant coating layer of the member completely stops combustion by itself within 24 hours after being left in the fire-resistant furnace, and the structure part (wood). It means that the structural support member) is not damaged (non-carbonized).

The shape of the inorganic powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less, which is the component (A), is preferably a hollow bead shape from the viewpoint of weight reduction. The material used is preferably ceramic such as pottery from the viewpoint of fire resistance. If weight reduction is not required, non-hollow powder such as pottery that has been used for a long time can be used. Examples of the inorganic powder used include pottery powder, shell powder, coral powder, rice husk (rice husk) powder, metal powder and the like. Further, as the wood powder, the size of the wood powder having a self-extinguishing property of 212 μm or less is preferable. Here, the wood powder with an average particle diameter of 212 μm or less is a powder that has passed through a sieve having a nominal opening of 212 μm. .. The average particle size of the inorganic powder or wood powder of the component (A) is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, still more preferably 10 μm or less. When ceramic hollow beads (for example, B-05, W-3, etc. manufactured by Showa Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) are included, shrinkage during curing can be suppressed, weight reduction is possible, and the thermal conductivity of the structure is low. It is preferable because it can be used. Further, when it is added to the composition, the ceramic hollow beads can be made difficult to be crushed, and the compressive strength can be increased.

The component (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The component (B) is a room temperature curable binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less. If the average particle size of the silica powder is 10 nm or more, it is difficult to cure in a room temperature environment. Therefore, the silica powder having an average particle size of 10 nm or less is used here. Here, the normal temperature means a range of 0 to 40 ° C. By being able to cure the structure in a room temperature environment, it is possible to improve the ease of processing of refractory building materials. The water glass is a concentrated solution of an alkali silicate, and is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and the like. As an example, Na ₂ O: 1 mol and SiO ₂ : 2 to 4 mol. It is a colorless and highly viscous aqueous solution containing. Commercially available products can be used for this water glass. For this water glass, for example, a mixture of lithium silicate and sodium silicate can be used. The water glass may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less include dry silica powder manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd. (trade name: Leoloseal (registered trademark) QS-30, powder having a primary particle diameter of 7 nm on average). The silica powder may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As a commercial product of the component (B), Japan Nanocoat Co., Ltd. room temperature curing waterproof flame retardant binder BW-35 (average particle size of silica: 7 nm; pure water: 65 to 70 wt%, sodium silicate + lithium silicate) : Na ₂ O: 2 to 8 wt% + Li ₂ O: 1 to 3%, SiO ₂ : 25 to 30%). Here, the average particle size is a value based on a number standard measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a Zetasizer nano (ZETASIZER®-nano) manufactured by Malvern Panalytic. The amount of water glass is preferably 40 to 90 parts by mass out of 100 parts by mass of the component (B).

(A) The inorganic powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less is preferably 10 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composition.
(A) The wood powder having an average particle diameter of 212 μm or less is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 12 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composition.

When the component (B) is BW-35, a binder manufactured by Japan Nanocoat Co., Ltd., it is preferably 40 to 90 parts by mass and 40 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the composition. More preferred. If the amount of the component (B) exceeds 90 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to form the composition with a low viscosity, and if it is less than 40 parts by mass, the composition cannot be held and molded.

The solvent as the component (C) is used in an amount of 0.1 part by mass to 10 parts by mass for adjusting the viscosity of the composition. From the viewpoint of the drying speed after coating, water (pure) is preferable as the solvent to be used. Optionally, a small amount of a high boiling point solvent such as a glycol may be added.

Additives such as flame-retardant aids can be added to the composition as needed, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.

The composition can be obtained, for example, by stirring, melting, mixing and dispersing various materials, solvents, other additives and the like simultaneously or separately with heat treatment as necessary. The apparatus for mixing, stirring, dispersing, etc., is not particularly limited, but a propeller stirrer, a jet mill, an anchor type stirrer, a raikai machine, a ball mill, a planetary mixer, a bead mill, or the like can be used. Further, these devices may be used in combination as appropriate. When using hollow beads, a device that does not crush the beads is preferable.

Since the composition of the present invention has good releasability with respect to a plastic mold, it can be molded using a plastic mold that can be easily produced at low cost. Of course, like clay, it can also be molded by hand.

Further, as for the component (A), in the case of an inorganic powder, naturally derived shells, ash and the like may be used. Therefore, since the material of the component (A) is ubiquitous in the world, both the inorganic powder and the wood powder, it is very easy to procure the material.

〔Structure〕
(A) Inorganic powder with an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less or wood powder with an average particle diameter of 212 μm or less.
A composition for a structure containing (B) a room temperature curable binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less and (C) a solvent is cured.

This structure can be used not only as a fireproof member but also as a structural member, as an interior material and an exterior material of a building material.

This structure is extremely lightweight, has a heat insulating and sound absorbing effect, and has an upside-down effect, particularly when hollow beads are used for an inorganic powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less as the component (A). It has a remarkable effect that it can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, the structure can be recycled by crushing it, pulverizing it to an appropriate size, and using it, which is suitable for a sound material-cycle society. The preferable thickness of one structure is 3 to 300 mm, and if it is thinner than 3 mm, it is easily deformed at the time of drying, and if it is thicker than 300 mm, it is easy to take time to mold and it is easy to collapse. In order to form a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more using this structure, it is preferable to combine two or more layers of this structure. The thickness of the structure considered to have a predetermined fire resistance after a simple fire resistance test for 2 hours is 550 to 700 mm. The specific structure will be described in Examples 1 to 4 described later.

[Manufacturing method of structure]
The method for producing a structure of the present invention is a method for curing the above-mentioned composition for a structure, and it is preferable that the curing is performed at 0 to 40 ° C. A more characteristic method for producing a structure of the present invention is a method in which the above-mentioned composition for a structure is injected into a plastic mold, cured, and then removed from the plastic mold.

The above-mentioned structural composition has releasability with respect to a plastic mold. Since the above-mentioned structure composition can be cured at room temperature or at a low temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, the production cost can be reduced. Further, a method for manufacturing a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more is also preferable, in which a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more is bonded with an adhesive.

Since the plastic mold can be easily produced by a three-dimensional printer or the like, it can be produced at low cost, and the curing temperature of the above-mentioned structural composition is low, so that the mold deteriorates. It has the advantage of being difficult.

The present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following examples, parts and% indicate parts by mass and% by mass unless otherwise specified.

(A) B-05 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the inorganic powder having an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less. Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. B-05 is a hollow bead made of ceramic.
Further, instead of the inorganic powder, wood powder with an average particle size of 212 microns or less was used.
(B) BW-35 manufactured by Japan Nanocoat Co., Ltd. was used as the binder.
(C) Pure water was used as the solvent.

<< 2-hour simple fire resistance test >>
In the following, the refractory structure for 2 hours is heated in a refractory furnace (based on ISO834). After heating for 2 hours, the structure is left in the refractory furnace, and within 24 hours, the refractory coating layer of the member completely stops combustion by itself. However, it was judged that the structure part (wooden structure support member) was not damaged (non-carbonized) (however, it did not pass the certification test as a refractory structure).

[Example 1]
Ceramic hollow beads (B-05 manufactured by Showa Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.): 40 parts by mass and BW-35: 60 parts by mass manufactured by Japan Nanocoat Co., Ltd. were mixed to prepare a composition. The composition was molded to prepare a structure having a thickness of 300 mm. An explanatory diagram of a 2-hour fire resistance test is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The central figure of FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the model test piece. The right side of FIG. 1 is a top view seen from the height of a in the upper part of the central figure of the figure, and the left figure of FIG. 1 is half in the height direction of the cedar laminated wood indicated by the thick dot in the central figure of the figure. It is a cross-sectional view at the height of. FIG. 2 shows the b. Of FIG. It corresponds to sec and shows the part where the interlayer adhesive and the joint adhesive are used. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the pillars of the cedar laminated lumber were sandwiched between calcium silicate plates, and the temperature was measured at substantially the center in the height direction. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the four sides of the pillars of the glulam were bonded with eight structures (two structures for one side of the glulam). The one-dot dashed line in FIG. 2 indicates the portion where the interlayer adhesive is used, and the broken line indicates the portion where the joint adhesive is used. An interlayer adhesive was used for bonding between the wide faces of the laminated wood and the structure, and a joint adhesive was used for bonding between the end faces of the structure. A joint adhesive was used because the heat from the calcium silicate board sandwiched above and below was fixed so that it would not easily reach the cedar laminated lumber. As the interlayer adhesive, for example, Insulation Adhesive manufactured by NICHIAS Corporation can be used, and as the joint adhesive, for example, AS bond can be used.

Two structures were used on each side surface of the 120 mm × 120 mm × 300 mm cedar laminated wood, and the total thickness was covered with 600 mm. Example 1 passed the 2-hour simple fire resistance test.

[Example 2]
A composition was prepared by mixing 13 parts by mass of wood powder of 212 μm or less and BW-35: 87 parts by mass manufactured by Japan Nanocoat Co., Ltd. The composition was molded to prepare a structure having a thickness of 300 mm. Similar to Example 1, two structures were used on each side surface of the 120 mm × 120 mm × 300 mm cedar laminated wood, and the total thickness was covered with 600 mm. Example 2 passed the 2-hour simple fire resistance test.

[Comparative Example 1]
Instead of the structure, flame-retardant treated wood having a thickness of 120 mm was used for a cedar laminated lumber of 120 mm × 120 mm × 300 mm, and 8 sheets per side surface were used, and the cedar laminated lumber was covered with a total thickness of 960 mm. The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the structure, but the simple fire resistance test for 2 hours was not passed.

[Comparative Example 2]
Instead of one outer structure of Example 1, two pieces were used for cedar laminated lumber of flame-retardant treated wood with a thickness of 120 mm, combined with the structure of Example 1 of 300 mm, total thickness: 540 mm, and cedar. The laminated lumber was covered. The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the structure, but the simple fire resistance test for 2 hours was not passed.

[Comparative Example 3]
Instead of one outer structure of Example 1, one oak with a thickness of 250 mm was used, combined with the structure of Example 1 of 300 mm, and coated with sugi laminated wood with a total thickness of 550 mm. The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the structure, but the simple fire resistance test for 2 hours was not passed.

[Example 3]
Instead of one outer structure of Example 1, one ceramic wool board mainly composed of silica (SiO ₂ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) having a thickness of 250 mm was used, and Example 1 was used. In combination with a structure having a thickness of 300 mm, a total thickness of 550 mm was used to coat the laminated wood of silica. Example 3 passed the 2-hour simple fire resistance test.

[Comparative Example 4]
Instead of one outer structure of Example 1, one board made of fiberized main raw materials such as basalt, silica stone, and blast furnace slag having a thickness of 250 mm was used, and combined with the structure of Example 1 of 300 mm, totaling. The slag laminated wood was covered with a thickness of 550 mm. Did not pass the simple fire resistance test for 2 hours.

[Example 4]
Instead of one outer structure of Example 1, one structure of Example 2 having a thickness of 150 mm is used, and one structure made of ceramic wool of Example 3 having a thickness of 250 mm is used on the outer side thereof. The total thickness was 700 mm, and the cedar laminated wood was coated. Example 4 passed the 2-hour simple fire resistance test.

[Comparative Example 5]
The component (B) of Example 1 was changed to an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (sodium silicate No. 3) manufactured by Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. under the same conditions, but molding was not successful.

[Comparative Example 6]
The component (B) of Example 1 was changed to a lithium silicate aqueous solution 45 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. under the same conditions, but molding was not successful.

[Comparative Example 7]
The component (A) of Example 1 was sieved with B-03 manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. to a size of 500 μm to prepare a composition having all the sizes of hollow beads having a size of 500 μm or more, and the other examples. When a product under the same conditions as in No. 1 was prepared, the composition satisfying the conditions of this test could not be realized because the molded product was melted in an electric furnace at 1000 ° C. as a preliminary test.

[Comparative Example 8]
The component (B) of Example 1 was changed to Snowtex (registered trademark) ST-C (average particle size 12 nm) manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the other conditions were the same as those of Example 1, but the molding was successful. could not.

[Comparative Example 9]
When a composition of the component (A) of Example 2 was prepared with all the wood powder powder having a size of 212 μm or more and the other conditions were the same as those of Example 2, the wood powder itself was verified by a preliminary test. Ignite, so it was not possible to realize a composition that meets the conditions of this test.

The structural composition of the present invention can not only form a structure having a fire resistance of a wooden building for 2 hours or more, but the formed structure can be used as a structural member, an interior material, or an exterior material. It can be used for building materials, etc.

Claims (8)

(A) Inorganic powder with an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less or wood powder with an average particle diameter of 212 μm or less.
(B) A room temperature curable binder containing water glass and silica powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or less,
(C) Solvent and
A composition for a structure comprising. A structure which is a cured product of the composition for a structure according to claim 1. The structure according to claim 2, wherein the structure has a thickness of 3 to 300 mm. A structure having two or more types of the structure according to claim 2 or 3 and having a fire resistance performance of 2 hours or more. A method for producing a structure, which cures the composition for a structure according to claim 1. The method for producing a structure according to claim 5, wherein the curing is performed at 0 to 40 ° C. A method for producing a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more, in which the composition for a structure according to claim 1 is poured into a plastic mold, cured, and then taken out from the plastic mold. A method for manufacturing a structure having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more by laminating the structures having a fire resistance of 2 hours or more according to claim 4 with a fire resistant adhesive.

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