JP2022037496A - Composition for forming water sealing structure and water sealing method - Google Patents
Composition for forming water sealing structure and water sealing method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000267222 Brasenia schreberi Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006506 Brasenia schreberi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 isocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000576 food coloring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、遮水構造形成用組成物、及び、遮水方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition for forming a water-impervious structure and a water-impervious method.
従来、汚染土や廃棄物の貯蔵施設において、重金属等の有害物質を場外へ漏出させないように遮水工を構築するには、合成樹脂からなる遮水シートが使用されるのが一般的である（例えば、特許文献１参照）。この場合、一定の幅を有する枚葉状のシートを貯蔵施設に持ち込み、それぞれのシートを敷設した後に互いの端部を熱溶着させることで、貯蔵施設内の広い面積を覆うことができる。 Conventionally, in a storage facility for contaminated soil and waste, a geomembrane sheet made of synthetic resin is generally used to construct a water-impervious work so as not to leak harmful substances such as heavy metals to the outside. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). In this case, a large area in the storage facility can be covered by bringing a sheet of sheet having a certain width into the storage facility, laying each sheet, and then heat-welding the ends of each sheet.
ここで、遮水シートは重量が大きいので、扱うにはクレーンを用いる必要があり、適切な位置に配置するには時間も要する。また、遮水すべき箇所に凹凸があるとシートが損傷する原因となるので、遮水すべき箇所を事前にできるだけ平坦に均す必要がある。このような状況に鑑み、本発明は、遮水すべき箇所に凹凸があっても事前に平坦に均す必要がなく、かつ、遮水工の構築が容易である遮水構造形成用組成物を提供することを目的とする。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物を用いた遮水方法を提供することを目的とする。 Here, since the geomembrane sheet is heavy, it is necessary to use a crane to handle it, and it takes time to place it in an appropriate position. In addition, if there is unevenness in the water-impervious part, it may cause damage to the sheet, so it is necessary to level the water-impervious part as flat as possible in advance. In view of such a situation, the present invention is a composition for forming a water-impervious structure, which does not need to be leveled flat in advance even if there are irregularities in the water-impervious portion, and it is easy to construct a water-impervious work. The purpose is to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water-impervious method using the composition for forming a water-impervious structure.
本発明は、全質量を基準として高分子化合物（ただし、硬化剤として働く高分子化合物を除く。）が１７～５７質量％の量で水に混合されてなる、遮水構造形成用組成物を提供する。この遮水構造形成用組成物を散布し乾燥させると、高分子膜が形成される。この高分子膜は透水係数が小さく、遮水工として機能する。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物は液体であるので、散布箇所は必ずしも平坦である必要はない。散布箇所に凹凸があったとしても、その凹凸形状に追従して高分子膜が形成される。また、散布は小型の機械でも可能であるので、クレーン等の大型機を動員する必要がない。 The present invention provides a composition for forming an impermeable structure, wherein a polymer compound (excluding a polymer compound acting as a curing agent) is mixed with water in an amount of 17 to 57% by mass based on the total mass. offer. When this composition for forming an impermeable structure is sprayed and dried, a polymer film is formed. This polymer membrane has a small hydraulic conductivity and functions as a water shield. Here, since the composition for forming the impermeable structure is a liquid, the spraying portion does not necessarily have to be flat. Even if there are irregularities on the sprayed portion, a polymer film is formed following the uneven shape. Moreover, since spraying can be performed even with a small machine, it is not necessary to mobilize a large machine such as a crane.
本発明の遮水構造形成用組成物は、上記高分子化合物が、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、酢酸ビニル重合体、アクリル酸エステル重合体、アクリル酸エステル・スチレン共重合体、酢酸ビニル・アクリル酸エステル共重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むものであることが好ましい。 In the composition for forming a water-impervious structure of the present invention, the above-mentioned polymer compound is an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, a vinyl acetate polymer, an acrylic acid ester polymer, an acrylic acid ester / styrene copolymer, a vinyl acetate / acrylic. It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of acid ester copolymers.
本発明の遮水構造形成用組成物は、さらに、全質量を基準として１０質量％以下の硬化剤を含んでいてもよい。硬化剤を含んでいると、高分子化合物がさらに硬化することとなるので、できあがる高分子膜の透水係数をさらに低下させることができる。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure of the present invention may further contain a curing agent of 10% by mass or less based on the total mass. When the curing agent is contained, the polymer compound is further cured, so that the water permeability coefficient of the resulting polymer film can be further reduced.
本発明の遮水構造形成用組成物は、さらに、全質量を基準として０．１質量％～１０．０質量％の増粘剤を含んでいてもよい。増粘剤を含んでいると遮水構造形成用組成物の粘性が増し、遮水構造形成用組成物を法面に適用したときに液だれを防止することができる。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure of the present invention may further contain a thickener of 0.1% by mass to 10.0% by mass based on the total mass. When the thickener is contained, the viscosity of the impermeable structure forming composition is increased, and dripping can be prevented when the impermeable structure forming composition is applied to the slope.
また、本発明は、貯蔵施設において、遮水すべき箇所に対して上記の遮水構造形成用組成物を適用して遮水構造を形成する遮水方法を提供する。また、本発明は、貯蔵施設において、遮水すべき箇所に不織布を敷設し、不織布に対して上記の遮水構造形成用組成物を適用して遮水構造を形成する遮水方法を提供する。特に不織布を用いる方法は、散布箇所が岩石質である場合のように空隙が多く、遮水構造形成用組成物が空隙に流れ込み高分子膜を形成しにくいときに有効である。また、不織布を用いる方法は、遮水構造形成用組成物を法面に適用したときに液だれを起こりにくくすることができる。 The present invention also provides a water-impervious method for forming a water-impervious structure by applying the above-mentioned impermeable structure-forming composition to a portion to be impermeable in a storage facility. The present invention also provides a water-impervious method in which a non-woven fabric is laid in a place to be impermeable in a storage facility and the above-mentioned composition for forming a water-impervious structure is applied to the non-woven fabric to form a water-impervious structure. .. In particular, the method using a non-woven fabric is effective when there are many voids such as when the spraying location is rocky and the composition for forming an impermeable structure flows into the voids and it is difficult to form a polymer film. In addition, the method using a non-woven fabric can prevent dripping when the composition for forming an impermeable structure is applied to a slope.
本発明によれば、遮水すべき箇所に凹凸があっても事前に平坦に均す必要がなく、かつ、遮水工の構築が容易である遮水構造形成用組成物を提供することができる。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物を用いた遮水方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a composition for forming a water-impervious structure, which does not need to be flattened in advance even if there is unevenness in a portion to be water-impregnated, and it is easy to construct a water-impervious work. can. Further, it is possible to provide a water-impervious method using this impermeable structure-forming composition.
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明する。はじめに、遮水構造形成用組成物について説明する。本実施形態の遮水構造形成用組成物は、貯蔵施設の内部の遮水すべき箇所に対して適用して遮水構造を形成するためのものである。ここで遮水構造とは、遮水構造形成用組成物が固化することで形成される高分子膜である。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. First, a composition for forming an impermeable structure will be described. The composition for forming an impermeable structure of the present embodiment is intended to be applied to a portion to be impermeable inside a storage facility to form an impermeable structure. Here, the impermeable structure is a polymer film formed by solidifying the composition for forming the impermeable structure.
遮水構造形成用組成物は、その全質量を基準として、高分子化合物が１７質量％～５７質量％の量で水に混合されてなる混合液である。遮水構造形成用組成物は、水溶液であってもよく、懸濁液であってもよい。液体としての均一性の観点からは、水溶液であることが好ましい。高分子化合物の含有割合は、２５質量％～５０質量％であることが好ましく、３０質量％～４５質量％であることがより好ましく、３４質量％～４３質量％であることが更に好ましい。水の割合が過剰であると、遮水構造形成用組成物が固化する際に水が十分に蒸発する前に表面の固化が進むため、表面に気泡が発生し、生じる高分子膜の見栄えが悪くなる。なお、ここでいう「高分子化合物」は、硬化剤として働く高分子化合物を除くものである。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure is a mixed solution in which a polymer compound is mixed with water in an amount of 17% by mass to 57% by mass based on the total mass thereof. The composition for forming an impermeable structure may be an aqueous solution or a suspension. From the viewpoint of uniformity as a liquid, an aqueous solution is preferable. The content ratio of the polymer compound is preferably 25% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass to 45% by mass, and further preferably 34% by mass to 43% by mass. If the proportion of water is excessive, when the composition for forming an impermeable structure solidifies, the surface solidifies before the water sufficiently evaporates, so that bubbles are generated on the surface and the appearance of the resulting polymer film is improved. Deteriorate. The "polymer compound" referred to here excludes a polymer compound that acts as a curing agent.
高分子化合物としては、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、酢酸ビニル重合体、アクリル酸エステル重合体、アクリル酸エステル・スチレン共重合体、酢酸ビニル・アクリル酸エステル共重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことが好ましい。高分子化合物を複数種含む場合は、ここに挙げた高分子化合物が高分子化合物全体の５０質量％以上を占める主成分であることが好ましい。この場合、５０質量％未満を占める副成分としては、ウレタン重合体、Ｎ－メチルピロドリン等であることが好ましい。 The polymer compound is at least selected from the group consisting of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate polymer, acrylic acid ester polymer, acrylic acid ester / styrene copolymer, vinyl acetate / acrylic acid ester copolymer. It is preferable to include one kind. When a plurality of types of polymer compounds are contained, it is preferable that the polymer compounds listed here are the main components accounting for 50% by mass or more of the total polymer compounds. In this case, the subcomponent occupying less than 50% by mass is preferably a urethane polymer, N-methylpyrodrin or the like.
遮水構造形成用組成物は、高分子化合物を硬化させる硬化剤を含んでいてもよい。硬化剤を含んでいると、高分子化合物がさらに硬化することとなるので、できあがる高分子膜の透水係数をさらに低下させることができる。硬化剤としては、使用する高分子化合物に対して働くものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば脂肪族ジイソシアネート、有機過酸化物を用いることができる。硬化剤としては、高分子化合物の化合物鎖間を架橋する架橋剤であることが好ましい。また、イソシアネート系化合物であることが好ましく、脂肪族ジイソシアネートが好ましい。また、脂肪族ジイソシアネートはプレポリマーの状態であってもよい。硬化剤の含有割合は、遮水構造形成用組成物の全質量を基準として、１０質量％以下であってもよく、０．５質量％～８質量％であってもよく、１質量％～５質量％以下であってもよく、２質量％～４質量％であってもよい。硬化剤の割合が過剰であると、遮水構造形成用組成物が固化する際に水が十分に蒸発する前に表面の固化が進むため、表面に気泡が発生し、生じる高分子膜の見栄えが悪くなる。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure may contain a curing agent that cures the polymer compound. When the curing agent is contained, the polymer compound is further cured, so that the water permeability coefficient of the resulting polymer film can be further reduced. The curing agent is not particularly limited as long as it works on the polymer compound used, and for example, aliphatic diisocyanates and organic peroxides can be used. The curing agent is preferably a cross-linking agent that crosslinks between the compound chains of the polymer compound. Further, it is preferably an isocyanate compound, and an aliphatic diisocyanate is preferable. Further, the aliphatic diisocyanate may be in a prepolymer state. The content ratio of the curing agent may be 10% by mass or less, 0.5% by mass to 8% by mass, or 1% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the composition for forming an impermeable structure. It may be 5% by mass or less, or 2% by mass to 4% by mass. If the proportion of the curing agent is excessive, when the composition for forming an impermeable structure solidifies, the surface solidifies before the water sufficiently evaporates, so that bubbles are generated on the surface and the appearance of the resulting polymer film is obtained. Will get worse.
遮水構造形成用組成物は、増粘剤を含んでいてもよい。増粘剤を含んでいると、遮水構造形成用組成物の粘性が増し、法面に適用したときに液だれを防止することができる。増粘剤としては、グアガム、キサンタンガム、プロピレングリコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース等が挙げられる。増粘剤の含有割合は、遮水構造形成用組成物の全質量を基準として、０．１質量％～１０．０質量％であることが好ましく、０．５質量％～５．０質量％であることがより好ましく、０．８質量％～３．０質量％であることがより好ましい。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure may contain a thickener. When a thickener is contained, the viscosity of the composition for forming an impermeable structure is increased, and dripping can be prevented when applied to a slope. Examples of the thickener include guar gum, xanthan gum, propylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like. The content ratio of the thickener is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10.0% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass to 5.0% by mass, based on the total mass of the composition for forming an impermeable structure. Is more preferable, and 0.8% by mass to 3.0% by mass is more preferable.
遮水構造形成用組成物は、さらに他の成分を含んでいてもよい。例えば、食紅等の着色剤を含んでいると、散布の程度や散布ムラの有無を視覚的に確認することが容易になる。 The composition for forming an impermeable structure may further contain other components. For example, when a colorant such as food coloring is contained, it becomes easy to visually confirm the degree of spraying and the presence or absence of uneven spraying.
遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、２０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であってもよく、１０００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であってもよく、５００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であってもよく、３００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下であってもよい。また、粘度の下限としては５ｍＰａ・ｓ、１０ｍＰａ・ｓ、５０ｍＰａ・ｓ、１００ｍＰａ・ｓが挙げられる。増粘剤を添加したり水の量を加減したりしてこれらの粘度範囲に調整することができる。また、遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度が上記の範囲内である場合（例えば５００ｍＰａ・ｓ以下）、固化して形成される高分子膜に、ピンホールが形成されることを抑制することができる。粘性が高い場合、散布箇所にムラが生じやすく、それ故ピンホールが形成されて遮水性能に悪影響がでる傾向がある。なお、上記の粘度の値は、ＢＬII型粘度計を用いて１気圧下、２０℃で６０ｒｐｍの条件下で測定した値である。 The viscosity of the composition for forming an impermeable structure may be 2000 mPa · s or less, 1000 mPa · s or less, 500 mPa · s or less, or 300 mPa · s or less. .. Further, as the lower limit of the viscosity, 5 mPa · s, 10 mPa · s, 50 mPa · s, 100 mPa · s can be mentioned. These viscosity ranges can be adjusted by adding a thickener or adjusting the amount of water. Further, when the viscosity of the composition for forming an impermeable structure is within the above range (for example, 500 mPa · s or less), it is possible to suppress the formation of pinholes in the polymer film formed by solidification. can. If the viscosity is high, unevenness is likely to occur at the sprayed portion, and therefore pinholes are likely to be formed, which tends to adversely affect the water-impervious performance. The above viscosity value is a value measured using a BLII type viscometer under the condition of 1 atm, 20 ° C. and 60 rpm.
次に、上記遮水構造形成用組成物を用いた遮水方法について説明する。上記の遮水構造形成用組成物は、貯蔵施設の内部の遮水すべき箇所に対して適用して遮水構造を形成するためのものである。ここで、「適用」とは、吹付け、散布、噴霧、塗布等、遮水構造形成用組成物を当該箇所に接触させる行為を指す。また、「遮水すべき箇所」とは、例えば、貯蔵施設の底面や法面を構成している地山や盛土の表面、貯蔵施設に溜められた岩石や土壌の表面、貯蔵施設に溜められた有害物質の表面、敷設した遮水シート同士の繋ぎ目等を指す。これらのうち、「貯蔵施設に溜められた岩石や土壌の表面」とは、貯蔵施設の使用を開始した後、貯蔵施設の容積内において必要に応じて局所的に本実施形態の遮水構造形成用組成物を適用することを意味している。また、「貯蔵施設に溜められた有害物質を含む土壌の表面」は、有害物質を含む土壌に降雨水が接触しないように蓋をする目的で本実施形態の遮水構造形成用組成物を適用することを意味している。なお、貯蔵施設は封じ込め構造であってもよい。 Next, a water-impervious method using the above-mentioned water-impervious structure forming composition will be described. The above-mentioned composition for forming an impermeable structure is intended to be applied to a portion to be impermeable inside a storage facility to form an impermeable structure. Here, "application" refers to an act of bringing the composition for forming an impermeable structure into contact with the relevant portion, such as spraying, spraying, spraying, or coating. In addition, "locations to be shielded" are, for example, the bottom surface of the storage facility, the surface of the ground or embankment that constitutes the slope, the surface of rocks and soil stored in the storage facility, and the storage facility. Refers to the surface of harmful substances, the joints between laid impermeable sheets, etc. Of these, "the surface of rocks and soil stored in the storage facility" refers to the formation of the impermeable structure of the present embodiment locally as necessary within the volume of the storage facility after the use of the storage facility is started. Means to apply the composition for use. Further, for the "surface of the soil containing harmful substances stored in the storage facility", the composition for forming an impermeable structure of the present embodiment is applied for the purpose of covering the soil containing harmful substances so that rainwater does not come into contact with the soil. Means to do. The storage facility may have a containment structure.
遮水構造形成用組成物を任意の方法で調製する。例えば、含有させる各成分を個別に用意して同時に混合して調製してもよく、高分子化合物の水溶液と硬化剤及び増粘剤の水溶液との二種類の水溶液を用意しこれらを混合して調製してもよい。混合にはハンドミキサー等を用いることができる。 A composition for forming an impermeable structure is prepared by an arbitrary method. For example, each component to be contained may be prepared individually and mixed at the same time, or two kinds of aqueous solutions, an aqueous solution of a polymer compound and an aqueous solution of a curing agent and a thickener, may be prepared and mixed. May be prepared. A hand mixer or the like can be used for mixing.
そして、貯蔵施設の底面や法面における遮水すべき箇所に、遮水構造形成用組成物を散布する。散布には、ハイドロシーダー（種子吹付機）、ハイウォッシャー（高圧洗浄機）、コンクリート吹付機等を使用することができる。散布した後、散布表面を目視観察する。散布ムラが生じている箇所には重ねて散布することができる。重ねて散布した場合でも、はじめに散布した遮水構造形成用組成物に対して次の遮水構造形成用組成物が接着できるため、別途の手当ては不要である。遮水構造形成用組成物を放置すると、自然乾燥して固化し、そして硬化剤を含んでいる場合は硬化反応が進んで固化し、遮水工（遮水構造）としての高分子膜が形成される。 Then, the composition for forming the impermeable structure is sprayed on the bottom surface of the storage facility or the place to be impermeable on the slope. A hydroceeder (seed sprayer), a high washer (high pressure washer), a concrete sprayer, or the like can be used for spraying. After spraying, visually observe the spraying surface. It can be sprayed on top of each other where uneven spraying occurs. Even when sprayed in layers, the next composition for forming an impermeable structure can be adhered to the composition for forming an impermeable structure first sprayed, so that no separate treatment is required. When the composition for forming a water-impervious structure is left to stand, it naturally dries and solidifies, and if it contains a curing agent, the curing reaction proceeds and solidifies, forming a polymer film as a water-impervious structure (water-impervious structure). Will be done.
形成された高分子膜は、透水係数が１．０×１０－１４ｍ／ｓ～５．０×１０－１２ｍ／ｓであってもよく、５．０×１０－１４ｍ／ｓ～１．０×１０－１２ｍ／ｓであってもよく、１．０×１０－１３ｍ／ｓ～５．０×１０－１３ｍ／ｓであってもよい。透水係数は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ０２０８に従って測定することができる。この高分子膜は、厚さが０．５ｍｍ～５ｍｍであってもよく、１．０ｍｍ～４ｍｍであってもよく、１．２ｍｍ～３ｍｍであってもよい。高分子膜の膜厚は、散布面積と散布量から算出することができ、又は、直接的な計測としてノギスによる測定をすることができ、又は、間接的な計測手法として過電流式や超音波式等によって測定することができる。 The formed polymer film may have a water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10-14 m / s to 5.0 × 10-12 m / s, and may have a water permeability coefficient of 5.0 × 10-14 m / s to 1. It may be 0.0 × 10 -12 m / s, or 1.0 × 10 -13 m / s to 5.0 × 10 -13 m / s. The hydraulic conductivity can be measured according to JIS Z 0208. The polymer film may have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, 1.0 mm to 4 mm, or 1.2 mm to 3 mm. The film thickness of the polymer film can be calculated from the sprayed area and the sprayed amount, or it can be measured by a caliper as a direct measurement, or it can be measured by an overcurrent method or ultrasonic waves as an indirect measurement method. It can be measured by an equation or the like.
この高分子膜は透水係数が従来の遮水シートと比べて小さく（１．０×１０－１１ｍ／ｓ以下）、遮水工として機能するので、貯蔵施設の遮水方法として有効である。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物は液体であるので、散布箇所は必ずしも平坦である必要はなく、敢えて平坦に均す必要もない。つまり、散布箇所に凹凸があったとしても、その凹凸形状に追従して高分子膜が形成される。また、散布は上記のとおり小型の機械でも可能であるので、クレーン等の大型機を動員する必要がない。また、散布する領域の調整が容易であり、重ねて散布することもできるので、従来の遮水シートによる遮水と比べて「遮水すべき箇所」の広さや形状の自由度が高く、処理の中断や再開も容易である。 This polymer membrane has a smaller water permeability coefficient (1.0 × 10-11 m / s or less) than a conventional water-impervious sheet and functions as a water-impervious work, so that it is effective as a water-impervious method for storage facilities. Here, since the composition for forming the impermeable structure is a liquid, the spraying portion does not necessarily have to be flat, and it is not necessary to dare to level it flat. That is, even if there is unevenness in the sprayed portion, the polymer film is formed following the uneven shape. Further, since spraying can be performed even with a small machine as described above, it is not necessary to mobilize a large machine such as a crane. In addition, since it is easy to adjust the area to be sprayed and it can be sprayed in layers, there is a high degree of freedom in the size and shape of the "points to be shielded" compared to the conventional water-impervious sheet. It is easy to suspend and resume.
ところで、上記の遮水方法において、遮水すべき箇所に先に不織布を敷設してもよい。すなわち、遮水すべき箇所に不織布を敷設した後に、その不織布の上に遮水構造形成用組成物を同様に散布する。この場合、遮水構造形成用組成物が不織布に含浸して、不織布と高分子化合物との複合体が形成される。あるいは、不織布の表面に上記の高分子膜が形成され、不織布と高分子化合物との複合体が形成される。いずれの複合体も遮水構造として機能する。 By the way, in the above-mentioned water-impervious method, the non-woven fabric may be laid first at the place to be impermeable. That is, after laying the non-woven fabric in the place to be impermeable, the composition for forming the impermeable structure is similarly sprayed on the non-woven fabric. In this case, the composition for forming the impermeable structure impregnates the nonwoven fabric to form a composite of the nonwoven fabric and the polymer compound. Alternatively, the above-mentioned polymer film is formed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric, and a composite of the nonwoven fabric and the polymer compound is formed. Both complexes function as impermeable structures.
不織布の種類としては特に限定されず、ポリエステル繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、セルロース繊維、合成繊維等の材料で製造されたものを使用することができる。不織布の厚さは１ｍｍ～１０ｍｍであってもよく、３ｍｍ～８ｍｍであってもよい。 The type of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, and those made of materials such as polyester fiber, polyethylene fiber, cellulose fiber, and synthetic fiber can be used. The thickness of the nonwoven fabric may be 1 mm to 10 mm or 3 mm to 8 mm.
不織布と高分子化合物との複合体は、透水係数が１．０×１０－１４ｍ／ｓ～５．０×１０－１２ｍ／ｓであってもよく、５．０×１０－１４ｍ／ｓ～１．０×１０－１２ｍ／ｓであってもよく、１．０×１０－１３ｍ／ｓ～５．０×１０－１３ｍ／ｓであってもよい。透水係数は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ０２０８に従って測定することができる。この複合体は、厚さが１ｍｍ～３０ｍｍであってもよく、２ｍｍ～２０ｍｍであってもよく、５ｍｍ～１５ｍｍであってもよい。複合体の膜厚は、散布面積と散布量から算出することができ、又は、直接的な計測としてノギスによる測定をすることができ、又は、間接的な計測手法として過電流式や超音波式等によって測定することができる。 The composite of the non-woven fabric and the polymer compound may have a water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10-14 m / s to 5.0 × 10-12 m / s, and may have a water permeability coefficient of 5.0 × 10-14 m / s. It may be s to 1.0 × 10-12 m / s, or 1.0 × 10-13 m / s to 5.0 × 10-13 m / s. The hydraulic conductivity can be measured according to JIS Z 0208. The complex may have a thickness of 1 mm to 30 mm, 2 mm to 20 mm, or 5 mm to 15 mm. The film thickness of the complex can be calculated from the sprayed area and the sprayed amount, or it can be measured with a caliper as a direct measurement, or it can be measured by an overcurrent method or an ultrasonic method as an indirect measurement method. It can be measured by such as.
この遮水構造としての複合体は、不織布を含んでいるので耐久性が高い。また、不織布は遮水構造形成用組成物の足場となるので、遮水構造形成用組成物の粘性が低い場合であっても法面において液だれが起きにくい。遮水すべき箇所が岩石質である場合、岩石間の空隙が多く遮水構造形成用組成物を単独で用いた場合は遮水構造形成用組成物がその空隙に流れ込むため高分子膜が形成されにくいが、不織布を用いるとその空隙に蓋をしたうえで遮水構造形成用組成物を散布する恰好となるので、遮水構造を容易に構築することができる。 Since the complex as a water-impervious structure contains a non-woven fabric, it has high durability. Further, since the non-woven fabric serves as a scaffold for the composition for forming the impermeable structure, dripping is unlikely to occur on the slope even when the viscosity of the composition for forming the impermeable structure is low. When the part to be impermeable is rocky, there are many voids between the rocks, and when the impermeable structure forming composition is used alone, the impermeable structure forming composition flows into the voids and a polymer film is formed. However, if a non-woven fabric is used, it is preferable to cover the voids and then spray the composition for forming the impermeable structure, so that the impermeable structure can be easily constructed.
以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に何ら限定されるものではない。例えば、「遮水すべき箇所」として挙げた上記「敷設した遮水シート同士の繋ぎ目」とは、従来の方法に従って敷設した遮水シートの繋ぎ目を溶着する代わりに本発明の遮水構造形成用組成物を用いて当該繋ぎ目を埋めることができることや、遮水シートに生じた欠陥部分を本発明の遮水構造形成用組成物で補修することができることを意味している。 Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the above-mentioned "joint between laid impermeable sheets" mentioned as "a place to be impermeable" is the impermeable structure of the present invention instead of welding the joints of the impermeable sheets laid according to the conventional method. It means that the joint can be filled by using the composition for forming, and the defective portion generated in the impermeable sheet can be repaired by the composition for forming the impermeable structure of the present invention.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明の内容をより具体的に説明する。なお、本発明は下記実施例に限定されるものではない。以下の実験において、透水係数はＪＩＳ Ｚ ０２０８に従って測定し、粘度はＢＬII型粘度計を用いて２５℃、６０ｒｐｍで測定し、遮水構造の厚さはノギスを用いて測定した。 Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the following experiments, the hydraulic conductivity was measured according to JIS Z 0208, the viscosity was measured at 25 ° C. and 60 rpm using a BLII viscometer, and the thickness of the impermeable structure was measured using a caliper.
（比較例１）
透水係数は、日本遮水工協会の自主規格である「１．０×１０－１１ｍ／ｓ」を比較対象とした。厚さは１．５ｍｍを想定する。
(Comparative Example 1)
For the hydraulic conductivity, "1.0 x 10-11 m / s", which is a voluntary standard of the Japan Impermeable Works Association, was used as a comparison target. The thickness is assumed to be 1.5 mm.
（実施例１）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を５０質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を２．７質量％で含む水溶液１００ｇと、硬化剤としての脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーを２５質量％で含む水溶液４０ｇとを混合し、遮水構造形成用組成物を調製した。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物全体の質量を基準とした各成分の質量割合は、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体が３５．７質量％、ウレタン重合体が１．９質量％、脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーが７．１質量％となっている。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、５００ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 1)
100 g of an aqueous solution containing 50% by mass of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer and 2.7% by mass of a urethane polymer and 40 g of an aqueous solution containing 25% by mass of an aliphatic diisocyanate prepolymer as a curing agent are mixed. , A composition for forming an impermeable structure was prepared. Here, the mass ratio of each component based on the mass of the entire composition for forming an impermeable structure is 35.7% by mass for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 1.9% by mass for the urethane polymer, and an aliphatic. The diisocyanate prepolymer is 7.1% by mass. The viscosity of this water-impervious structure forming composition was 500 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
（実施例２）
合成繊維製の厚さ６ｍｍの不織布を平面に敷き（広さは２０ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ）、この上に、実施例１で調製した遮水構造形成用組成物を滴下した。散布により形成された高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、不織布と高分子膜とが一体化した遮水構造の透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 2)
A non-woven fabric having a thickness of 6 mm made of synthetic fiber was laid on a flat surface (width: 20 cm × 20 cm), and the composition for forming an impermeable structure prepared in Example 1 was dropped onto the non-woven fabric. After the polymer film formed by spraying was naturally dried, the permeability coefficient and the film thickness of the impermeable structure in which the non-woven fabric and the polymer film were integrated were measured.
（実施例３）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を３８．５質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を２．１質量％で含む水溶液１８４．１ｇ調製し、遮水構造形成用組成物とした。この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、５６０ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 3)
184.1 g of an aqueous solution containing 38.5% by mass of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 2.1% by mass of a urethane polymer was prepared and used as a composition for forming an impermeable structure. The viscosity of this impermeable structure forming composition was 560 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
（実施例４）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を３３．３質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を１．８質量％で含む水溶液２１２．４ｇと、硬化剤としての脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーを９９．９質量％で含む水溶液７．０８ｇと、増粘剤としてのグアガムを２．２ｇ混合し、遮水構造形成用組成物を調製した。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物全体の質量を基準とした各成分の質量割合は、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体が３２．１質量％、ウレタン重合体が１．７質量％、脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーが３．２質量％、グアガムが１％となっている。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、２８５ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 4)
Contains 212.4 g of an aqueous solution containing 33.3% by mass of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer and 1.8% by mass of a urethane polymer, and 99.9% by mass of an aliphatic diisocyanate prepolymer as a curing agent. 7.08 g of the aqueous solution and 2.2 g of guagam as a thickener were mixed to prepare a composition for forming an impermeable structure. Here, the mass ratio of each component based on the mass of the entire composition for forming an impermeable structure is 32.1% by mass for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 1.7% by mass for the urethane polymer, and an aliphatic composition. The diisocyanate prepolymer is 3.2% by mass and the guagam is 1%. The viscosity of this impermeable structure forming composition was 285 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
（実施例５）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を２６．３質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を１．４質量％で含む水溶液２６９．０４ｇと、硬化剤としての脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーを９９．９質量％で含む水溶液１４．１６ｇとを混合し、遮水構造形成用組成物を調製した。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物全体の質量を基準とした各成分の質量割合は、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体が２５質量％、ウレタン重合体が１．４質量％、脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーが５．０質量％となっている。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、６２．１ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 5)
Contains 269.04 g of an aqueous solution containing 26.3% by mass of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer and 1.4% by mass of a urethane polymer, and 99.9% by mass of an aliphatic diisocyanate prepolymer as a curing agent. A composition for forming an impermeable structure was prepared by mixing with 14.16 g of an aqueous solution. Here, the mass ratio of each component based on the mass of the entire composition for forming an impermeable structure is 25% by mass for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 1.4% by mass for the urethane polymer, and an aliphatic diisocyanate pre. The polymer is 5.0% by mass. The viscosity of this impermeable structure forming composition was 62.1 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
（実施例６）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を４１．７質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を２．３質量％で含む水溶液１６９．９２ｇと、硬化剤としての脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーを９９．９質量％で含む水溶液７．０８ｇとを混合し、遮水構造形成用組成物を調製した。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物全体の質量を基準とした各成分の質量割合は、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体が４０質量％、ウレタン重合体が２．２質量％、脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーが４．０質量％となっている。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、１０７０ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 6)
Contains 169.92 g of an aqueous solution containing 41.7% by mass of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer and 2.3% by mass of a urethane polymer, and 99.9% by mass of an aliphatic diisocyanate prepolymer as a curing agent. A composition for forming an impermeable structure was prepared by mixing with 7.08 g of an aqueous solution. Here, the mass ratio of each component based on the mass of the entire composition for forming an impermeable structure is 40% by mass for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 2.2% by mass for the urethane polymer, and an aliphatic diisocyanate pre. The polymer is 4.0% by mass. The viscosity of this impermeable structure forming composition was 1070 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
（実施例７）
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を１６．７質量％、及び、ウレタン重合体を０．９質量％で含む水溶液４２４．８ｇと、硬化剤としての脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーを９９．９質量％で含む水溶液１４．１６ｇとを混合し、遮水構造形成用組成物を調製した。ここで、遮水構造形成用組成物全体の質量を基準とした各成分の質量割合は、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体が１６．１質量％、ウレタン重合体が０．９質量％、脂肪族ジイソシアネートプレポリマーが３．２質量％となっている。また、この遮水構造形成用組成物の粘度は、７．８ｍＰａ・ｓであった。この遮水構造形成用組成物をプラスチック製の平面に滴下して高分子膜を形成させた。高分子膜を自然乾燥させた後、その透水係数と膜厚を測定した。
(Example 7)
It contains 424.8 g of an aqueous solution containing 16.7% by mass of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer and 0.9% by mass of a urethane polymer, and 99.9% by mass of an aliphatic diisocyanate prepolymer as a curing agent. A composition for forming an impermeable structure was prepared by mixing with 14.16 g of an aqueous solution. Here, the mass ratio of each component based on the mass of the entire composition for forming an impermeable structure is 16.1% by mass for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 0.9% by mass for the urethane polymer, and an aliphatic composition. The diisocyanate prepolymer is 3.2% by mass. The viscosity of this impermeable structure forming composition was 7.8 mPa · s. This water-impervious structure forming composition was dropped onto a plastic flat surface to form a polymer film. After the polymer film was naturally dried, its hydraulic conductivity and film thickness were measured.
比較例１、実施例１～７の結果を表１に示す。実施例１～７で形成した遮水構造は、遮水シートよりも透水係数が小さいことが分かった。 The results of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7 are shown in Table 1. It was found that the impermeable structure formed in Examples 1 to 7 had a smaller permeability coefficient than the impermeable sheet.
本発明は、貯蔵施設の遮水工として利用することができる。
The present invention can be used as a water shield for a storage facility.
Claims (6)
前記不織布に対して請求項１～４のいずれか一項記載の遮水構造形成用組成物を適用して遮水構造を形成する、遮水方法。
In the storage facility, lay a non-woven fabric in the place where water should be blocked,
A water-impervious method for forming a water-impervious structure by applying the water-impervious structure-forming composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the nonwoven fabric.
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