JP2022036315A - Building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a building structure provided with timber and like as structural material, realizing a rigid-frame structure provided with enough strength without requiring a complicated structure and processing and without dependence of strength of joint members to allow design freedom to be enhanced.SOLUTION: A building construction 10 of the present invention is provided with square timber made of wood or wood material as structural material, having a column 20 and beams 30 composing framework 12 and a pair of joint members 40 jointing the column 20 and the beams 30. The joint members 40 are formed such that two joint parts 43 attached on the column 20 and the beams 30, respectively, are L-shaped. At least a part of the beam 30 is arranged such that a beam end surface 32 abuts on a column side surface 22, and is jointed on the column side surface 22 while being clamped with the pair of joint members 40 from a vertical direction H.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a building structure using wood or wood-based material as a structural material, and particularly maintains the strength of the rigid connection not only for rigid bonding of columns and beams in a wooden building but also for thinning of wood. Regarding the wooden rigid frame structure that can be done.

In a wooden building, columns are erected on a foundation anchored to the foundation, and beams are laid to form columns and beams. In many cases, in consideration of structural strength, braces are added to the column-beam framework, and wall panels are inserted in the two-by-four method to prevent the framework from becoming significantly deformed. If this framework is rigidly joined, braces and wall panels are not required, and it is possible to make large openings for entrances and windows, or to provide many. That is, if it is possible to realize a rigid joint of the framework, it is possible to realize a structure equivalent to or close to that of a steel frame structure even though it is a wooden building.

However, in a wooden structure that uses wood or the like as a structural material, the rigidity of the joint portion is far from that of welding or bolting of a steel frame structure because the framework is not a steel material. Nevertheless, efforts have been made to introduce rigid frame structures in wooden buildings as well, and a typical example is to interpose steel hardware in the joints and join them with bolts without spoiling the appearance of columns and beams. It is proposed to do.

For example, in Patent Document 1, a cross-shaped notch extending in the vertical direction by the back of the beam is formed in each of the lower end joint of the upper floor pillar and the upper end joint of the lower floor pillar, and the remainder is made into a dent. Is disclosed. Although the details are omitted, slits are formed at each tip of the cross that engages with the notch and tenon and at the end of the beam, and a drift pin is inserted through the gusset plate embedded in the slit to join the two. ..

Patent Document 2 discloses a form in which the entire joint fitting is exposed at the joint, and a feather-shaped joint plate having a shape like an angled steel material back to back is fixed to the joint of a beam or a column. ing. That is, a metal joint structure with wing-shaped joint plates attached on three or four sides is placed at the intersection of the columns and beams, and the wing-shaped joint plate and the wing-shaped joint plate of the column or the wing-shaped joint plate of the beam are bolted. It is fixed through.

That is, in these conventional techniques, a joining member such as a cross or a joining fitting is used for the joint, and an insertion member such as a bolt is inserted from the paper spine direction (the width direction of the structural material such as a beam) of the joint surface. It is intended to realize a rigid joint of the mouth.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-185115 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-264688

However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, when incorporating a joining member, mortises and notches are required in the columns and beams, which complicates processing and also causes anxiety that the strength cannot be maintained when the columns and beams are thinned. be. Further, in the method of inserting the insertion member in the paper spine direction of the joint surface (the width direction of the structural material such as the beam), the strength of the joining member joined by the insertion member receives a rotational moment applied to the beam, and the strength is increased. The structure was not sufficient.

As described above, attempts have been made to realize a rigid frame structure in which sufficient strength can be obtained in a building structure using wood or the like as a structural material, but a strong joint member is required, which complicates processing. The current situation is that we have not yet provided technology that can fully meet the demands when considering the ease of construction, cost, and strength. However, a rigid frame structure made of wood that achieves rigid joints of column-beam frameworks as a joint structure without initial backlash without performing complicated processing on columns and beams, and eliminates loosening of joints due to aging, etc. ( There is a high demand for the realization of a wooden rigid frame structure).

Therefore, the present invention realizes a rigid frame structure in which sufficient strength can be obtained in a building structure provided with wood or the like as a structural material, which does not require complicated structure or processing and does not depend on the strength of the joining member. The purpose was to provide a building structure that can increase the degree of design freedom.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor of the present invention, from the viewpoint of ease of processing, how to stabilize the beam in a state where the end face of the beam is in contact with the side surface of the column without providing mortises and tenons. I sought to see if I could support the beam. Here, in a state where the end surface of the beam is in contact with the side surface of the column of the column, the contact line between the lower side of the end surface of the base end side (the side joined to the column) of the beam and the side surface of the column (reference numeral in FIG. 4). (See E) is the fulcrum of the rotational moment applied to the beam. Further, a force in the extending direction (direction away from the column) of the beam acts on the upper side of the beam due to the rotational moment due to the weight of the beam (see arrow F2 in FIG. 4).

As examined by the inventor of the present invention, if an L-shaped member is attached to the upper side surface (upper side surface) and the lower side surface (lower side surface) of the beam and joined to the column, the upper surface side of the beam is obtained. It was found that the force in the extending direction (the force that the beam tries to move away from the column) that acts on the column can be offset. That is, if an L-shaped joining member is attached to each of the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the beam, and the beam is joined to the column while being narrowed from the vertical direction by the joining member, the rotational moment of the beam is sufficient. I came to the finding that the beam can be supported stably. More specifically, if the upper side surface of the beam and the side surface of the column are joined by an L-shaped member, the force of moving away from the column acting on the upper side of the beam is offset, and the tip side of the beam moves downward. It suppresses swinging and can support the beam stably and firmly.

(1) The building structure of the present invention provided based on the above findings is a building structure including a square lumber made of wood or a wood material as a structural material, and the pillars and beams constituting the framework, and the pillars. And a pair of joining members for joining the beam, and the joining member is formed so that the column and the two joining portions attached to the beams each form an L-shape, and the beam is formed. When the end face is the beam end face and the side surface of the pillar is the pillar side surface, at least a part of the beams is arranged so that the beam end face is in contact with the pillar side surface, and the pair of the joining members is used from the vertical direction. It is held narrowly and joined to the side surface of the pillar.

According to the building structure of the present invention, the beam can be stably supported. That is, according to the building structure of the present invention, the frame is composed of wood or wood material (hereinafter, may be referred to as "wood, etc.") regardless of the bracing or the two-by-four method, and the wood, etc. is used as the structural material. In the rigid frame structure (wooden rigid frame structure), sufficient strength can be obtained regardless of complicated processing or strong members (independent of the strength of the joined members). As a result, the building structure of the present invention can increase the degree of freedom in design, such as realizing a space with a wide frontage and a feeling of openness.

(2) In the building structure of the present invention, the joining member may be formed by bending a plate-shaped metal material.

(3) The building structure of the present invention includes an insertion member for attaching the joint member to the framework, and the insertion member penetrates the beam and the pair of the joint members to the beam. It is preferable that the joint is attached.

(4) In the building structure of the present invention, it is preferable that the pair of the joining members have the same shape.

According to the above configuration, the coupling member can be reused and convenience can be improved.

(5) In the building structure of the present invention, two beams are attached to at least one of the pillars, and when the direction in which they intersect in the vertical direction is the lateral direction, the two beams have the longitudinal direction. The joining member joined to the pillar so as to intersect in the lateral direction and attached to one beam and the joining member attached to the other beam are the heights of insertion holes for inserting the insertion member. It is preferable that the positions in the directions are different.

According to the above configuration, when a plurality of beams are joined to one column, it is possible to prevent the insertion member from interfering with the inside of the column.

(6) In the building structure of the present invention, where the end face of the beam in contact with the pillar is the beam end face and the vertical length of the beam end face is the dimension Y, the dimension Y is equal to or larger than a predetermined length. It is good that it is.

(7) In the building structure of the present invention, at least one of the beams can be supported by a cantilever structure.

(8) The building structure of the present invention may be a laminated lumber formed by assembling at least a part of the structural materials.

(9) In the building structure of the present invention, at least a part of the structural material may be a composite material of a wooden material and a resin material.

According to the present invention, in a building structure provided with wood or the like as a frame material, a rigid frame structure capable of obtaining sufficient strength without requiring complicated structure or processing and without depending on the strength of metal fittings is realized. , It is possible to provide a building structure that can increase the degree of design freedom.

It is a perspective view which shows the joint in the building structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the joining member of the building structure of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the connection of the building structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the rotational moment by the weight of the beam of the building structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the two kinds of joining members of the building structure of FIG. It is a top view of the building structure of FIG. (A) is a plan view of the first floor, (b) is a plan view of the second floor, and (c) is a plan view of the rooftop. It is an elevation view of the building structure of FIG. (A) is a front view, (b) is a left side view, (c) is a rear view, and (d) is a right side view. It is a perspective view which shows the beam which became the cantilever structure of the building structure of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the example which made the bolt penetrate through the pillar and the beam of the building structure of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the example which provided the recess in the pillar and the beam of the building structure of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the joint member of the building structure of FIG.

Hereinafter, the building structure 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the building structure 10 includes a square lumber made of wood or a wood-based material as a structural material. More specifically, the building structure 10 is a wooden building in which wood or a wood-based material is provided as a structural material in at least a part of the structural materials such as the pillar 20 and the beam 30 constituting the framework 12.

The building structure 10 shown as an example in FIGS. 6 and 7 is a two-story wooden building, and has a portion where the beam 30 has a cantilever structure on the second floor (see FIG. 8).

The material of the structural material constituting the pillar 20 and the beam 30 of the building structure 10 may be a composite material of a wooden material and a resin material in addition to a solid wood or a laminated wood. In this specification, general wood such as solid wood and wood-based materials such as laminated wood and composite materials may be generically described as "wood and the like".

As shown in FIG. 1, in the building structure 10, in addition to the columns 20, beams 30, and joining members 40, bolts 50 (insertion members) for attaching the joining members 40 to the framework 12 such as columns 20 and beams 30 are provided. I have. As shown in FIG. 1, in the building structure 10, a joint 14 is formed in which columns 20 and beams 30 are joined by using a joining member 40. Further, the joining member 40 is attached to a framework 12 such as a column 20 or a beam 30 by bolts 50.

In the following description, the direction in which the pillar 20 extends in the building structure 10 (longitudinal direction of the pillar 20) may be simply described as "vertical direction H". Further, in the vertical direction H, the upper part may be described simply as "upper Up" and the lower part may be simply described as "lower Lw".

Further, the direction intersecting the vertical direction H (longitudinal direction of the beam 30) may be described simply as "lateral direction X". Further, among the lateral directions X, the width direction when the building structure 10 is viewed from the front is described as "first direction X1" or "width direction X1", and the depth direction when the building structure 10 is viewed from the front is described. It may be described as "second direction X2" or "depth direction X2".

As shown in FIG. 1, the pillar 20 is a square lumber having a substantially rectangular (substantially square) cross-sectional shape. The pillar 20 shown as an example in FIG. 1 is a square lumber having a dimension L1. The dimensions of the pillar 20 can be appropriately selected.

In the following description, the side surface of the pillar 20 (the surface extending in the vertical direction H) may be simply described as "pillar side surface 22".

As shown in FIG. 1, the beam 30 is a square lumber having a substantially rectangular (substantially rectangular) cross-sectional shape. The beam 30 shown as an example in FIG. 1 has a length (beam length) in the vertical direction H in a state where the beam 30 is joined to the pillar 20 has a dimension L2 (dimension Y), and a length in the lateral direction (beam width). ) Is a square member having the dimension L1. Further, in the beam 30, the beam width dimension L2 is larger than the beam width dimension L1 (beam width dimension L1 <beam width dimension L2). The dimension L1 (dimension of the beam) of the beam 30 is set to be equal to or longer than a predetermined length. The dimensions of the beam 30 can be appropriately selected.

In the following description, the end face of the beam 30 may be described simply as "beam end face 32". Further, the side surface of the beam 30 (the surface extending in the lateral direction X) may be described simply as "beam side surface 34". Further, among the four beam side surfaces 34, the surface facing the upper Up side may be simply referred to as "upper side surface 35", and the surface facing the lower Lw side may be simply referred to as "lower side surface 36".

The joining member 40 is a member for joining the column 20 and the beam 30. As shown in FIG. 2, the joint member 40 is formed by bending a plate-shaped metal material having a predetermined thickness (thickness D1), and two joint portions 43 attached to the pillar 20 and the beam 30 are L. It is formed to form a character. Stainless steel is used as the metal material for the joining member 40 of the present embodiment. When stainless steel is used, it is advantageous in that it does not easily rust. The material of the joining member 40 is not limited to stainless steel, and other metal materials may be used.

As shown in FIG. 2, the two joints 43 have different lengths. In the following description, of the two joints 43, the joint 43 having the larger length is referred to as "first joint 43a", and the joint 43 having the smaller length is referred to as "second joint". Part 43b ”may be described and described.

The joining member 40 is formed with a plurality of insertion holes 44 for inserting the bolts 50. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, six insertion holes 44 are formed in the first joint portion 43a, and four insertion holes 44 are formed in the second joint portion 43b.

<Joined structure of columns and beams (Rahmen structure)>
Next, the joint structure (joint 14) in which the pillar 20 and the beam 30 of the building structure 10 are joined will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the building structure 10, at least a part of the beams 30 are arranged so that the beam end surface 32 abuts on the column side surface 22, and the columns are held narrowly from the vertical direction H by the pair of joining members 40. It is joined to the side surface 22. That is, in the building structure 10, the beam 30 is joined to the column 20 in a state where the beam end surface 32 (the top surface of the beam 30) is in contact with the column side surface 22 so as to be in surface contact with the column side surface 22. Further, in the building structure 10, two joining members 40 (a pair of joining members) are used for joining the columns 20 and the beams 30. In other words, in the building structure 10, two joining members 40 are used for one beam 30, and the beam 30 is joined to the column 20.

In this embodiment, the two joining members 40 (a pair of joining members 40) attached to one beam 30 have the same shape. As a result, the connecting member can be reused, and convenience can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 3, the joining member 40 is attached to the upper side surface 35 and the lower side surface 36 of the beam 30, and the beam 30 is joined to the column 20 in a state of being sandwiched by the pair of joining members 40. The joint member 40 is arranged so that the first joint portion 43a is in contact with the upper side surface 35 or the lower side surface 36 of the beam 30, and the bolt 50 is inserted in the vertical direction H and attached to the beam 30. Further, the joint member 40 is arranged so that the second joint portion 43b is in contact with the pillar side surface 22 of the pillar 20, and the bolt 50 is inserted in the lateral direction X and attached to the pillar 20.

In this way, in the building structure 10, the columns 20 and the beams 30 are joined to form the joint 14. Further, the building structure 10 has a rigid frame structure in which structural materials such as wood (pillars 20 and beams 30) are joined in a frame shape.

As shown in FIG. 4, in a state where the beam 30 is joined to the column 20, a rotational moment due to the weight of the beam 30 acts with the side on the lower Lw side of the beam end surface 32 of the beam 30 as the fulcrum E (arrows in FIG. 4). See F1). Further, a force acting to move away from the column 20 acts on the upper Up side of the beam 30 (see arrow F2 in FIG. 4).

Here, in the building structure 10, the force in the extending direction (longitudinal direction of the beam 30) of the beam 30 is canceled by the joining member 40 attached to the upper Up side of the beam 30. More specifically, by joining the upper side surface 35 of the beam 30 and the column side surface 22 with the joining member 40, the force tending to separate from the column 20 acting on the upper Up side of the beam 30 is offset, and the beam 30 is used. The tip side of the beam can be suppressed from swinging downward Lw, and the beam can be supported stably and firmly. Therefore, the beam 30 can be stably supported without using a material having a high rigidity for the joining member 40.

As a result, the building structure 10 can efficiently receive the rotational moment of the beam 30. Therefore, the building structure 10 can give rigidity to the joint structure between the beam 30 and the column 20, firmly join the column 20 and the beam 30, and stably support the beam 30. As described above, in the building structure 10, the joint structure between the column 20 and the beam 30 can be made rigid to increase the degree of freedom in design. Therefore, for example, it is possible to realize a structure in which the beam 30 as shown in FIG. 8 is supported by a cantilever.

More specifically, in the building structure 10, the column-beam frame is rigid as a joint structure without initial backlash without performing complicated processing such as providing a mortise in the column 20 and providing a mortise in the beam 30. Joining can be achieved. Further, in the building structure 10, a rigid frame structure made of wood (wooden rigid frame structure) in which loosening of the joint portion due to aging or the like is eliminated is realized.

In the above description, the joint member 40 is described as having the first joint portion 43a attached to the beam 30 and the second joint portion 43b attached to the column 20, but the joint member 40 has the first joint portion 43a attached to the column. It may be attached to 20 and the second joint 43b may be attached to the beam 30.

Next, a case where two beams 30 are joined to one pillar 20 (a case where two beams 30 are joined so as to intersect one pillar 20) will be described.

The building structure 10 of the present embodiment includes a portion in which a plurality of beams 30 are joined to one pillar 20. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the building structure 10 has a portion joined to the pillar 20 so that the longitudinal directions of the two beams 30 intersect with each other in the lateral direction X with respect to one pillar 20. Two beams 30 are attached to one pillar 20 at the same height and facing different directions (first direction X1 and second direction X2).

Here, in the building structure 10 of the present embodiment, two types of joining members 40 are provided. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5A, in the building structure 10, the position of the insertion hole 44 provided in the second joint portion 43b is attached to the pillar 20 or the beam 30 in the height direction. A first joining member 41 and a second joining member 42, which are different in the vertical direction H) in the above-mentioned state, are provided. As shown in FIG. 1, the first joining member 41 is used for the beam 30 joined to the column 20 so as to face the first direction X1. Further, the second joining member 42 is used for the beam 30 joined to the column 20 so as to face the second direction X2.

In a state where the two beams 30 are joined to one pillar 20 at the same height, the positions of the insertion holes 44 of the first joining member 41 and the second joining member 42 are different in the vertical direction H. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5A, the first joining member 41 is attached to the second joining portion 43b in the height direction (vertical direction H) when the first joining member 41 is attached to the beam 30. ), Insertion holes 44 are provided at the position of the height P1 and the position of the height P2. Further, on the second joint portion 43b of the second joint member 42, the position of the height P3 and the height P4 in the height direction (vertical direction H) when the second joint member 42 is attached to the beam 30. An insertion hole 44 is provided at the position of.

That is, in the building structure 10, the joining member 40 (first joining member 41) attached to one beam 30 and the joining member 40 attached to the other beam 30 provided so as to intersect the beam 30 in the longitudinal direction. The position of the insertion hole 44 for inserting the bolt 50 in the height direction is different from that of the (second joining member). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the bolts 50 inserted so as to be orthogonal to each other in the pillar 20 from interfering with each other (see FIG. 5B).

Although the building structure 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the bolt 50 is inserted without penetrating the building material (pillar 20 or beam 30), but the bolt 50 is inserted so as to penetrate the building material. It may be good (see FIG. 9).

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which processing such as providing irregularities on the ends of the columns 20 and beams 30 is not performed, but the columns and beams of the building structure of the present invention are the above-mentioned embodiments. Not limited to. For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the building structure of the present invention may be provided with a recess 60 for fitting the joining member 40 into the beam 30 or the pillar 20. By doing so, the beam 30 and the joining member 40 or the pillar 20 and the joining member 40 become flush with each other, and the appearance can be improved (see FIG. 10B). Further, although not shown, the beam 30 may be provided with a mortise and the pillar 20 may be provided with a mortise.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, when a plurality of beams 30 are joined to one pillar 20, two types of joining members 40 (the first joining member 41 and the first joining member 41 in which the positions of the insertion holes 44 are different in the height direction) are used. Although an example using the two-joint member 42) is shown, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the number of insertion holes 44 of the joining member 40 may be increased so that the insertion holes 44 through which the bolts 50 are inserted may be selectively configured.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the joining member 40 used for one beam 30 has the same shape is shown, but the joining member 40 attached to the upper Up side of the one beam 30 and the lower side The joining member 40 attached to the Lw side may have a different shape (the position of the insertion hole 44 is different, the length of the joining portion is different, etc.).

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be suitably adopted as a rigid frame structure of a building structure using wood or the like as a structural material.

10 Building structure 12 Frame 14 Joint 20 Pillar 22 Pillar side 30 Beam 32 Beam end face 34 Beam side 35 Upper side (beam side)
36 Lower side surface (beam side surface)
40 Joining member 41 First joining member (joining member)
42 Second joining member (joining member)
43 Joint 43a First joint (joint)
43b Second joint (joint)
44 Insertion hole 50 Bolt (insertion member)
H Vertical direction X Horizontal direction X1 First direction (horizontal direction)
X2 Second direction (horizontal direction)

Claims (3)

It is a building structure that has a square lumber made of wood or wood-based material as a structural material.
The columns and beams that make up the framework,
It has a pair of joining members that join the column and the beam.
The joining member is
The two joints attached to the pillar and the beam are formed in an L shape.
When the end surface of the beam is the beam end surface and the side surface of the column is the column side surface,
At least some of the beams
The beam end surface is arranged so as to abut on the column side surface.
A building structure that is joined to the side surface of a column while being narrowly held from above and below by the pair of joining members.
The building structure according to claim 1, wherein the joining member is formed by bending a plate-shaped metal material.
An insertion member for attaching the joining member to the framework is provided.
The building structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insertion member penetrates the beam and the pair of the joint members, and the joint portion is attached to the beam.

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