JP2022035466A - Aerial image forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an aerial image forming device with which it is possible to form a bright aerial image with a high degree of freedom of installation places and without the display content of a display unit being rendered directly visible from observer side.SOLUTION: An aerial image forming device 111 according to the present invention comprises a display unit 120, a reflection unit 150, a first selection unit 140, and a second selection unit 160. A first reflection plane 152 reflects first light L1 forward in a direction y. The first selection unit 140 emits forward in a direction y, as second light L2-1, at least a portion of first light L1-1 that is reflected within an angle range ±θ2 with respect to a floor surface 101. The second selection unit 160 is provided forward of the first selection unit 140 in the direction y and adjacent to the first selection unit 140 in the direction y. The second selection unit 160 emits forward in the direction y, as third light L3, the second light L2-1 emitted from the first selection unit 140 and entering from a prescribed incidence direction that forms an angle within a positive angle range +θ3 with respect to the floor surface 101.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an aerial image forming apparatus.

In recent years, aerial images have been used in various applications such as virtual reality. The aerial image is a real image in which light emitted from a light source is reflected and refracted by an optical element or the like to form an image at an arbitrary position in space. No screen or display is placed at the position where the aerial image is displayed, and the observer who sees the aerial image gets a mysterious feeling.

For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an upright aerial image display that displays an aerial image on a table by using reflection on the upper surface of the table. In the upright aerial image display described in Non-Patent Document 1, a half mirror for forming an upright aerial image is arranged along the upper surface of the table. The upright aerial image display described in Non-Patent Document 1 can be easily installed on various existing tables.

Hiroaki Yamamoto, So Kajita, Naoya Koizumi, Ken Naemura, EnchanTable: Upright aerial image display using reflection on the table surface, Journal of the Virtual Reality Society of Japan, Vol.21, No.3, pp.401-410, 2016.

However, in the upright aerial image display described in Non-Patent Document 1, the display displaying the aerial image is arranged below the upper surface of the table. Therefore, if an attempt is made to form an upright aerial image on an existing floor using the upright aerial image display described in Non-Patent Document 1, the display must be placed under the floor by digging down the floor. Is difficult. Such a form of forming an aerial image standing upright on the floor is an example, but the conventional aerial image forming apparatus has a problem that the degree of freedom of the installation place is low. Further, there has been a demand for an aerial image forming apparatus in which only the aerial image can be visually recognized without the observer directly looking at the original image of the aerial image.

As described above, various aerial image forming devices in which only an aerial image is visually recognized have been studied. The situation of the space where the aerial image forming device is installed varies depending on the installation location, number of installations, performance, etc. of the lighting, and the formation of a bright aerial image that can be clearly seen even in a relatively bright space or in a room based on white. Was desired.

The present invention provides an aerial image forming apparatus having a high degree of freedom in the installation location and capable of forming a bright aerial image without directly visually recognizing the display contents of the display unit from the observer side.

The aerial image forming apparatus according to the present invention has a display surface, is inclined at a first angle with respect to a display unit that emits first light from the display surface, and emits the first light. A reflective portion having a first reflective surface that reflects toward the front in the traveling direction within a range of a second angle with respect to the reference plane, and a reference surface provided in front of the reflective portion in the traveling direction. With respect to the first angle with respect to the reference plane, at least a part of the first light incident within the range of the second angle is emitted toward the front in the traveling direction as the second light. The first selection section that shields the first light incident outside the range of the second angle, and the first selection section that is provided in front of the reflection section and adjacent to the first selection section in the traveling direction. The second light emitted from the selection unit and incident on the reference surface from a predetermined incident direction is emitted as a third light, emitted from the first selection unit, and incident on the reference surface in a predetermined incident direction. It is provided with a second selection unit that shields the second light incident from the incident direction different from that of the above. The display unit, the reflection unit, the first selection unit, and the second selection unit are provided on the same side with respect to the reference surface.

In the aerial image forming apparatus according to the present invention, the first angle may be larger than 0 ° and may be 45 ° or less.

In the aerial image forming apparatus according to the present invention, the first selection unit has a plurality of reflective materials, and the plurality of reflective materials are arranged at intervals in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane, and the reflective material is provided. The material extends in a direction parallel to the reference plane, and the ratio of the spacing to the size of the reflector in the direction parallel to the reference plane may be determined by the range of the first angle.

In the aerial image forming apparatus according to the present invention, the second selection unit has a plurality of light-shielding materials arranged at intervals in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane, and the plurality of light-shielding materials are the reference plane. It may be arranged so as to be inclined in the same direction as the incident direction.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an aerial image forming apparatus capable of forming a bright aerial image without directly visually recognizing the display contents of the display unit from the observer side with a high degree of freedom in the installation location.

It is a side view of the aerial image forming apparatus of one Embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is an enlarged side view of the 1st selection part and the 2nd selection part of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the polarization direction and the direction of an image in each configuration of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating the arrangement condition of each structure of the aerial image forming apparatus shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the aerial image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the aerial image forming apparatus 111 of the embodiment according to the present invention includes at least a display unit 120, a reflection unit 150, a first selection unit 140, and a second selection unit 160. The aerial image forming apparatus 111 is provided above, for example, a flat floor surface (reference surface) 101. In the following, the direction orthogonal to the floor surface 101 and away from the floor surface 101 upward is defined as the z direction.

The display unit 120 has a display surface 122 that displays the original image of the aerial image 190 and emits the first light L1. In the following, the direction orthogonal to the z direction and approaching the aerial image 190 and the observer from the display unit 120 along the floor surface 101 is defined as the y direction. One direction orthogonal to the z-direction and the y-direction is defined as the x-direction. The front in each of x, y, and z means the back side in each direction. The rear side in each direction of x, y, and z means the front side in each direction. The display surface 122 is arranged in front of the floor surface 101 in the z direction, for example, is arranged so as to move forward in the z direction as it advances forward in the y direction, and is arranged on the floor surface 101 when viewed along the x direction. On the other hand, it is inclined. The display unit 120 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal display.

The reflecting portion 150 has a first reflecting surface 152 forming a predetermined angle + θ1 with respect to the floor surface 101. In the following, the angle formed by the surface intersecting the floor surface 101 and the surface parallel to the floor surface 101 from the front in the z direction or the path of light when viewed from the front side to the rear side in the y direction is represented by a positive angle. , The angle formed by the planes intersecting from the rear in the z direction or the path of light is represented by a negative value. The angle + θ1 is the angle formed by the floor surface 101 and the first reflecting surface 152 when the first reflecting surface 152 is arranged in a state where the first light L1 emitted from the display surface 122 of the display unit 120 can be incident. Is. The angle + θ1 is determined by the relative position of the display unit 120 with respect to the reflection unit 150, the traveling direction of the first light L1 emitted from the display surface 122, the diffusion angle, and the like.

The first reflecting surface 152 is arranged in front of the floor surface 101 in the z direction and behind the display surface 122 in the z direction. For example, the first reflecting surface 152 is arranged so as to move backward in the z direction as it goes forward in the y direction, and is inclined with respect to the floor surface 101 when viewed along the x direction. The first reflecting surface 152 reflects the first light L1 emitted from the display surface 122 toward the front in the y direction. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, reflection means regular reflection or specular reflection. The front and rear ends of the display surface 122 in the y direction are located in the region between the front and rear ends of the first reflecting surface 152 in the y direction.

The reflecting portion 150 is composed of, for example, an aluminum plane mirror in which aluminum is coated on a glass substrate. In that case, the first reflective surface 152 is provided on the surface of the glass substrate coated with aluminum and is composed of an aluminum layer. The plate-shaped reflecting portion 150 is supported by a support member (not shown) so that the first reflecting surface 152 forms an angle + θ1 with respect to the floor surface 101.

The first selection unit 140 is provided in front of the first reflection unit 150 in the y direction (traveling direction of the first light). The first selection unit 140 receives the first light L1 incident on the floor surface 101 within a predetermined angle range (the first angle range, which may be described as the angle range ± θR2 in the following description). The second light L2 is emitted toward the front in the y direction. The first light L1 incident on the first selection unit 140 within the angle range ± θR2 is irradiated to the first light 1-1 reflected by the first reflection surface 152 of the reflection unit 150 and the first reflection surface 152. The first light 1-2 that directly reaches from the display unit 120 is included. In the drawings, the angles within the angle range ± θR2 may be described as + θ2 and −θ2 based on the above definition.

The angle + θ1 is appropriately set so that the first reflecting surface 152 can receive the first light L1 and the first light L1-1 can be incident on the first selection unit 140 in an angle range ± θR2. There is. The angle + θ1 is an arbitrary angle of 0 ° or more and less than 90 °, but from the viewpoint of easy determination of the relative position between the display unit 120 and the reflection unit 150, it may be larger than 0 ° and 45 ° or less. preferable. Since the angle + θ1 is larger than 0 °, the display surface 122 can be arranged in front of the rear end of the first reflection surface 152 in the y direction, so that the space of the aerial image forming apparatus 111 can be saved.

The first selection unit 140 shields the first light L1 and the outside light incident on the floor surface 101 outside the angle range ± θR2. The first selection unit 140 selectively emits at least a part of the first light L1 forward in the y direction depending on the incident angle.

The first selection unit 140 includes, for example, a plurality of reflectors (reflecting materials) 142 arranged at intervals Z1 from each other in the z direction. The reflector 142 is arranged substantially parallel to the floor surface 101, and extends in a direction substantially parallel to the floor surface 101 (in the y direction in FIGS. 1 and 2). The front surface of the reflector 142 in the z direction constitutes the second reflective surface 143-1. The surface of the reflector 142 behind in the z direction constitutes the second reflective surface 143-2. The surface connecting the rear ends of the plurality of reflectors 142 in the y direction constitutes the incident surface 144 of the first selection unit 140. The surface connecting the front ends of the plurality of reflectors 142 in the y direction constitutes the emission surface 145 of the first selection unit 140. The first selection unit 140 is composed of, for example, a micro-mirror array plate (MMAP) having a micromirror (reflecting material) as a reflector 142.

Assuming that the length (magnitude) of the reflector 142 in the y direction is Z2, the ratio between the interval Z1 and the length Z2 is obtained by the angle range ± θR2 as described later. The ratio of the interval Z1 to the length Z2 is appropriately determined so as to reflect the light L1-1 and L1-2 incident on the reflector 142 within the angle range ± θR2 forward in the y direction.

The second selection unit 160 is provided in front of the first selection unit 140 in the y direction and is adjacent to the first selection unit 140. The second selection unit 160 faces the front side from the rear side in the z direction of the second lights L2-1 and L2-2 reflected by the second reflection surfaces 143-2 and 143-1 of the first selection unit 140. The second light L2-1 incident from an oblique direction (predetermined incident direction) is regarded as the third light L3 and emitted forward in the y direction. The second light 2-1 has a path that moves forward in the z direction as it goes in the y direction, and is caused by the first light 1-1 among the first lights. The second selection unit 160 emits the third light L3 with respect to the floor surface 101 at a predetermined angle θ3, and forms an image in front of the floor surface 101 in the y direction. The aerial image 190 is formed by the third light L3 formed in front of the y direction.

The second selection unit 160 has, for example, a plurality of light-shielding plates (light-shielding materials) 162 arranged at intervals Z3 in the z-direction. The plurality of light-shielding plates 162 are arranged substantially parallel to each other. The shading plate 162 forms an angle + θ3 with respect to the floor surface 101, and is inclined so as to move backward in the z direction as it advances forward in the y direction. The front surface of the light-shielding plate 162 in the z-direction constitutes a light-shielding surface 163-1. The surface behind the light-shielding plate 162 in the z-direction constitutes a light-shielding surface 163-2. The surface connecting the rear ends of the plurality of light-shielding plates 162 in the y-direction constitutes the incident surface 164 of the second selection unit 160. The surface connecting the front ends of the plurality of light-shielding plates 162 in the y-direction constitutes the emission surface 165 of the second selection unit 160.

The second selection unit 160 receives the second light L2 incident within a positive angle range based on the interval Z3 and the angle + θ3 (the range of the second angle, which may be referred to as the angle range + θR3 in the following description). It is emitted toward the front in the y direction as the third light L3. The angle range + θR3 is appropriately set so that at least a part of the second light L2-1 is emitted as the third light L3. The second selection unit 160 is made of, for example, a louver film (LF) having a black silicone rubber member as a light-shielding plate 162. From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of stray light, it is preferable to use the LF configured as described above for the second selection unit 160. It is preferable that the black silicone rubber member is provided on the surface of the light-shielding plate 162 at least on the rear side in the z-direction, and is provided on both sides of the light-shielding plate 162.

The floor surface 101 in front of the second selection unit 160 in the y direction reflects the third light L3. Here, reflecting the third light L3 is not limited to reflecting the third light with a reflectance of approximately 100%, and the third light L3 is limited to the extent that an observer can form a visible aerial image 190. Means to reflect at least part of. The floor surface 101 in front of at least the second selection portion 160 in the y direction is composed of, for example, a marble floor surface or a floor surface coated so as to give luster.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111 having each of the above configurations, when the first light L1 is emitted from the display surface 122 of the display unit 120, at least a part of the first light L1 is formed by the first reflection surface 152 of the reflection unit 150. Be reflected. The first light L1 reflected by the first reflecting surface 152 behaves as light L4 emitted from the virtual image 180 of the display unit 120. The virtual image 180 is formed at a position where the image displayed on the display surface 122 is inverted in the z direction and the x direction with the first reflection surface 152 as the center.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, both the first light L1-1 including the light L4 and the first light L1-2 may be incident on the incident surface 144 of the first selection unit 140. However, of the first lights L1-1 and L1-2, the first light L1-3 that is incident at an incident surface 144 at approximately 90 ° and the first light that is incident substantially horizontally to the incident surface 144. L1-4 is less likely to travel forward in the y direction than the incident surface 144. For example, the first light L1-3 and L1-4 are widely diffused by the rear end portions of the second reflecting surfaces 143-1 and 143-2 in the y direction, and hardly advance in front of the incident surface 144 in the y direction. .. Of the external light that does not contribute to the formation of the aerial image 190, the light incident on the incident surface 144 at an angle outside the angle range ± θR2 with respect to the floor surface 101 is substantially shielded by the incident surface 144 by the first selection unit 140. To.

The shallowest angle of the incident angle of the first light L1-1 with respect to the floor surface 101 and the reflector 142 is −θ2 _S , and the deepest angle is −θ2 _D. The ratio of the interval Z1 to the length Z2 (Z1 / Z2) satisfies | −θ2 _S | ≦ tan (Z1 / Z2) ≦ | −θ2 _D |, and at least a part of the angle range −θ2 _S to −θ2 _D. The first light L1-1 is set to be emitted forward in the y direction as the second light L2-1. The ratio (Z1 / Z2) is set so that most of the first light L1-1 in the angle range _−θ2S to _−θ2D is emitted forward in the y direction as the second light L2-1. Is preferable.

The first light L1-1 and L1-2 are reflected by the second reflecting surfaces 143-2 and 143-1 and travel forward in the y direction as the second light L2-1 and L2-2. The second light L2-1 and L2-2 travel along the directions forming angles + θ2 and −θ2 with respect to the floor surface 101, and are emitted from the exit surface 145 of the first selection unit 140 and from the incident surface 164. 2 It is incident on the selection unit 160.

The second light L2-1 incident on the incident surface 164 of the second selection unit 160 within the angle range + θR3 from the rear in the z direction when viewed from the rear in the y direction is rearward in the z direction as it advances forward in the y direction. Moves to and approaches the floor surface 101. The second light L2-1 travels in the space 166 between two light-shielding plates 162 adjacent to each other in the z direction. The shallowest angle of the angle range + θR3 with respect to the floor surface 101 is represented by the angle + θ3 _S = + θ3. Assuming that the length (magnitude) of the shading plate 162 in the y direction is Z4, the deepest angle of the angle range + θR3 with respect to the floor surface 101 is the angle + θ3 _D = + tan {(Z3 + Z4 × tan (+ θ3)) / It is represented by Z4}. The second light L2-1 incident on the incident surface 164 outside the angle range + θR3 from the rear in the z direction when viewed from the rear in the y direction is irradiated on either the light-shielding surface 163-1 or 163-2. It is diffused or absorbed and hardly emitted from the exit surface 165. The second light 2-2 incident on the incident surface 164 from the front in the z direction when viewed from the rear in the y direction is irradiated to either the light shielding surface 163-1 or 163-2, diffused or absorbed, and emitted. Almost no light is emitted from the surface 165.

As described above, the combination of the first selection unit 140 and the second selection unit 160 causes the light caused by the first light L1-2 and the first light L1-2, and the external light that does not contribute to the formation of the aerial image 190. As the third light L3, the light does not travel forward in the y direction from the emission surface 165, but is shielded behind the emission surface 165 in the y direction. The interval Z4 and the angle + θ3 are set based on the above-mentioned relative relationship with the angle + θ1 and the intervals Z1 and Z2 so that the angle range + θR3 includes the angle range | ± θR2 |.

The aerial image forming apparatus 111 described above includes a display unit 120, a reflection unit 150, a first selection unit 140, and a second selection unit 160. The display unit has 120 and a display surface 122, and emits the first light L1 from the display surface 122. The reflecting unit 150 has a first reflecting surface 152. The first reflecting surface 152 reflects the first light L1 forming an angle θ2-1 with respect to the floor surface 101 toward the front in the y direction. The first selection unit 140 emits at least a part of the first light L1-1 incident on the floor surface 101 within the angle range ± θR2 as the second light L2-1 toward the front in the y direction. On the other hand, the first selection unit 140 shields the first light L-1 and L1-2 incident on the floor surface 101 outside the angle range ± θR2. The angle range + θR2 is set within a range from the angle | −θ2 _S | to the angle | −θ2 _D | based on the angle + θ1. The second selection unit 160 is provided in front of the first selection unit 140 in the y direction, and is adjacent to the first selection unit 140 in the y direction. The second selection unit 160 emits the second light L2-1 emitted from the first selection unit 140 and incident from an incident direction (predetermined incident direction) forming an angle within a positive angle range + θR3 with respect to the floor surface 101. It is emitted forward in the y direction as the third light. The second selection unit 160 is emitted from the first selection unit 140 and is incident from an incident direction (incident direction different from a predetermined incident direction) forming an angle outside the positive angle range + θR3 with respect to the floor surface 101. Shields light L2-1. The display unit 120, the reflection unit 150, the first selection unit 140, and the second selection unit 160 are arranged in front of the floor surface 101 in the z direction.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111, for example, it is not necessary to arrange a polarizing plate or the like between the first selection unit 140 and the second selection unit 160 in the y direction, and the polarizing member is arranged in front of the reflection unit 150 in the y direction. It does not have to be. According to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the incident angle is filtered by the first selection unit 140 and the incident direction by the second selection unit 160 from the first light L1-1, L1-2 and external light other than the first light. Only the first light L1-1 is emitted forward in the y direction from the second selection unit 160 by the filtering of the above, and the aerial image 190 is formed. Therefore, according to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the aerial image 190 is formed by suppressing the attenuation of the first light L1-1 that contributes to the formation of the aerial image 190, and is emitted from the display surface 122 of the display unit 120 to be reflected. The first light L1-2, which is direct light that is not reflected by the first reflecting surface 152 of 150, can be shielded. As a result, according to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the display contents of the display unit 120 are not directly visible to the observer from the observer side, and a bright aerial image 190 can be formed.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the display unit 120, the reflection unit 150, the first selection unit 140, and the second selection unit 160 are provided in front of the floor surface 101 in the z direction (on the same side as the reference surface). There is. As a result, the aerial image forming apparatus 111 can be easily formed in a portable form, for example, by arranging the aerial image forming apparatus 111 in the housing. For example, the aerial image 190 can be displayed only by placing the aerial image forming apparatus 111 on the floor surface 101 with the floor surface 101 made of glossy marble or the like as a reflective surface. Even if the floor surface 101 is not made of glossy marble or the like, the floor surface 101 in front of the second selection unit 160 in the y direction can reflect the third light L3, thereby simplifying the aerial image 190. Can be displayed on. As a result, according to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the degree of freedom in the installation location can be increased.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the angle + θ1 is larger than 0 ° and is 45 ° or less. As a result, according to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the display unit 120 can be easily arranged in front of the reflecting unit 150 in the y direction, and the entire space can be saved.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the first selection unit 140 is arranged in front of the reflection unit 150 in the y direction, and has a plurality of reflectors 142. The plurality of reflectors 142 are arranged at intervals Z2 from each other in the y direction. Each reflector 142 extends in the y direction. The ratio of the distance Z1 between the reflectors 142 in the z direction and the length Z2 in the y direction of the reflector 142 is determined by the angle range ± θR2. The ratio of the interval Z1 to the length Z2 is such that the first light L1-1 incident on the floor surface 101 at an angle −θ2 _S to −θ2 _D toward the incident surface 144 of the first selection unit 140 is forward in the y direction. It is set appropriately so that it emits light. According to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the ratio of the interval Z1 and the length Z2 is obtained according to the angle + θ1 and the angle range ± θR2, and the angle range from the light incident on the first selection unit 140 with respect to the floor surface 101. The first lights L1-1 and L1-2 forming ± θR2 can be selected and emitted forward in the y direction.

In the aerial image forming apparatus 111, the second selection unit 160 is arranged in front of the reflection unit 150 in the y direction and is adjacent to the first selection unit in the y direction. The second selection unit 160 has a plurality of light-shielding plates 162. The plurality of light-shielding plates 162 are arranged at intervals Z3 from each other in the y direction. Each light-shielding plate 162 is arranged so as to be inclined in a direction (predetermined incident direction) to move backward in the z-direction as it advances forward in the y-direction with respect to the floor surface 101. According to the aerial image forming apparatus 111, a plurality of light-shielding plates 162 that are inclined in the same direction as the incident direction of the second light 2-1 to the second selection portion caused by the first light 1-1 with respect to the floor surface 101. The second light L2-1 can be selected and emitted forward in the y direction.

(Conditions for arranging the display unit, the reflective unit, the first selection unit, and the second selection unit)
Hereinafter, based on the configuration of the aerial image forming apparatus 111 of the above-described embodiment according to the present invention, suitable conditions for arranging the display unit 120, the reflection unit 150, the first selection unit 140, the second selection unit 160, modifications, and the like. Will be explained. In the following description, the components common to the aerial image forming apparatus 111 are designated by the same reference numerals as those of the aerial image forming apparatus 111, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the above-mentioned aerial image forming apparatus 111, the second selection unit 160 is arranged ahead of the first selection unit 140 in the y direction, but is arranged behind the first selection unit 140 in the y direction, for example. May be good. In such an arrangement, the second selection unit 160 incidents at least a part of the first light L1-1 incident at an angle −θ2 _S to −θ2 _D with respect to the floor surface 101, passes through the space 166, and y. It is configured to emit forward in the direction. When the second selection unit 160 has, for example, a plurality of light-shielding plates 162 arranged at intervals Z3 in the z-direction, the light-shielding plate 162 forms an angle + θ3 with respect to the floor surface 101 and is forward in the y-direction. It is tilted so as to move forward in the z direction as it advances. The first light 1-2 is shielded by the light-shielding surface 163-1 of the light-shielding plate 162.

When the second selection unit 160 is arranged behind the first selection unit 140 in the y direction as described above, the first selection unit 140 emits light L1-1 emitted from the second selection unit 160. By making it incident and reflecting it, the inclination direction with respect to the floor surface 101 and the reflector 142 is reversed, and the light is emitted to the front in the y direction and to the floor surface 101.

In the following description, unless otherwise specified, it means an angle and a relative position when viewed from the x direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the rear end of the first reflecting surface 152 of the reflecting portion 150 in the y direction is designated as Q1, and the virtual line passing through the rear end Q1 and orthogonal to the floor surface 101 is defined as V1. The inclination a122 of the image 170 displayed on the display surface 122 of the display unit 120 with respect to the floor surface 101 is represented by tan (θ ′). The slope c152 of the first reflecting surface 152 with respect to the virtual line V1 is represented by tan (θ).

Let D be the length (that is, the size) of the image 170. Assuming that the front end of the first reflecting surface 152 in the y direction is Q2, the front end Q2 is in contact with the floor surface 101. When the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction are applied to the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively, with the rear end of the first selection unit 140 in the z-direction as the origin OR, the coordinates of the front end P0 in the z-direction of the aerial image 190 are ( It is expressed as y _P0 , z _P0 ), and the coordinates of the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 in the z direction are expressed as (y _P1 , z _P1 ). When the first light L1-2 emitted from the display surface 122 and incident on the first selection unit 140 is emitted ahead of the first selection unit 140 in the y direction without being shielded and imaged, the aerial image 195 is formed. Formed directly. The coordinates of the front end P2 in the z direction of the aerial image 195 are expressed as (y _P2 , z _P2 ), and the coordinates of the rear end P3 of the aerial image 195 in the z direction are expressed as (y _P3 , z _P3 ). The coordinates of the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 in the z direction are expressed as (y _P5 , z _P5 ), and the coordinates of the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 in the z direction are expressed as (y _P4 , z _P4 ). The front end P5 of the virtual image 180 is in contact with the floor surface 101. The coordinates of the front end P7 in the z direction of the image 170 are expressed as (y _P7 , z _P7 ), and the coordinates of the rear end P6 in the z direction of the image 170 are expressed as (y _P6 , z _P6 ). The coordinates of the front end P8 of the virtual image 185 in the z direction with respect to the floor surface 101 of the image 170 are expressed as (y _P8 , z _P8 ), and the coordinates of the rear end P9 of the virtual image 185 in the z direction are expressed as (y _P9 , z _P9 ). Will be done.

Here, the maximum reflection angle of the third line L3 forming the aerial image 190 with respect to the floor surface 101 is φ _MAX , and the minimum reflection angle is φ _MIN . The second selection unit 160 (not shown) is arranged behind the first selection unit 140 in the y direction as described in the above-described modification, and the angle of the light-shielding plate 162 with respect to the floor surface 101 is φ _L. The maximum incident angle of the first light L1-2 to be shielded by the second selection unit 160 in the y direction is φ _VCF . It should be noted that each angle is considered to be represented by an absolute value, and the sign may be appropriately determined. Let R _MIN be the coordinate value of the rear end of the MMAP constituting the first selection unit 140 in the z direction, and let R _MAX be the coordinate value of the front end of the MMAP in the z direction.

When z _P7 <x _P7 × tan (θ _MAX ), the aerial image 195 is shielded by the first selection unit 140. The incident angle φ _VCF of the first light L1-2 to be shielded is φ _MIN − φ _L ≦ φ _VCF ≦ using the angle φ _L , the maximum reflection angle φ _MAX of the first selection unit 140, and the minimum reflection angle φ _MIN . 90 deg. It is expressed as −φ _L. At this time, the maximum reflection angle φ _MAX is a narrow angle formed by a line connecting (front end P2 of the aerial image 195) → (origin OR) → (rear end in the z direction of MMAP) in the order of arrows. The required length LL of the LF as the second selection unit 160, that is, the magnitude in the z direction is represented by the straight line P20 connecting the origin OR and the point P2.

When z _P7 <(x _P7 / tan (θ _MAX )), the aerial image 195 is not imaged. When the coordinate value of the front end of the LF constituting the second selection unit 160 in the z direction is L and the narrow angle represented by (φ _MIN − φ _L ) is φ _LLy , the incident angle of the first light L1-2 is 90 deg. _{-Φ Lly} <φ _VCF <(90 deg.-φ _L ). Assuming that the intersection of the straight line connecting the rear end P6 and the front end P7 of the image 170 and the z-axis is L _MAX , the required length of the LF is represented by the straight line connecting the origin OR and the intersection L _MAX .

When R _MIN > z _P7 , the formation of the aerial image 195 can be prevented by limiting the range of MMAP to the front in the z direction of MMAP. On the other hand, when R _MIN <z _P7 , the first light L1-2 emitted from the display unit 120 forms an aerial image 195. In order to prevent the formation of the aerial image 195 by the first light L1-1, it is formed from the maximum reflection angle _φMAX by a straight line connecting the point P7 and the origin OR and a line perpendicular to the z-axis through the point P7. It is preferable to shield the first light L1-2 up to an angle (φ _LLz + 90 deg. − φ _MAX ) perpendicularly intersecting the incident surface 144 of the first selection unit 140 with a narrow angle of φ _LLz or more.

Assuming that the coordinates of the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152 are (y _Q1 , z _Q1 ), z _Q1 = ay _Q1 + b holds for the straight line S1 along the image 170. With respect to the straight line S2 along the first reflecting surface 152, z _Q1 = −cy _Q1 + d holds. a, b, c, and d are predetermined coefficients, respectively. From the above two equations, the coordinates of the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152 are ((db) / (a + c), (ad + bc) / (a + c)).

The front end P5 of the virtual image 180 is located at the intersection of the virtual line parallel to the z-axis and the floor surface 101, that is, the y-axis, through the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152. The coordinates of the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 are represented as ((db) / (a + c), 0). The rear end P6 of the image 170 is located symmetrically with the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 about the straight line S2. The coordinates of the midpoint between the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 and the rear end P6 of the image 170 are represented by ((y _P6 + y _P5 ) / 2, (z _P6 + z _P5 ) / 2). The straight line S3 passing through the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 and the rear end P6 of the image 170 is orthogonal to the straight line S2. The product of the slopes of the two straight lines S2 and S3 orthogonal to each other is -1, and the following equation (1) holds.

The coordinates (y _P5 , z _P5 ) of the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 are expressed by the following equation (2).

The rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 is located at a position moved from the front end P5 along the z-axis in the negative direction (that is, rearward in the z-direction) by the length D of the image 170. The coordinates (y _P4 , z _P4 ) of the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 are represented as ((db) / (a + c), −D).

The rear end P6 of the image 170 is along the straight line S1 from the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152, along the z-axis by the distance between the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152 and the front end P5 of the virtual image 180. It is in a position that has moved in the positive direction. Assuming that a = tan θ', the separation distance between the rear end P6 of the image 170 and the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152 on the y-axis is expressed as z _Q1 cos θ'. The coordinates (y _P6 , z _P6 ) of the rear end P6 of the image 170 are expressed by the following equation (3).

The front end P7 of the image 170 is located at a position moved in the positive direction along the z-axis by the length D of the image 170 along the straight line S1 from the rear end P6 of the image 170. The distance between the front end P7 and the rear end P6 of the image 170 on the y-axis is expressed as Dcos θ'. The coordinates (y _P7 , z _P7 ) of the front end P7 of the image 170 are expressed by the following equation (4).

The rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 is located symmetrically with the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 about the center line in the y direction of the first selection unit 140, that is, the z-axis. y _P1 = −y _P5 , and the coordinates (y _P1 , z _P1 ) of the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 are expressed as (− (db) / (a + c), 0). The front end P0 of the aerial image 190 is located at a position moved in the positive direction along the z-axis by the length D of the image 170 from the rear end P1. The coordinates (y _P0 , z _P0 ) of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 are represented as (-(db) / (a + c), D).

The front end P2 of the aerial image 195 is located symmetrically with the front end P7 of the image 170 about the z-axis. y _P2 = −y _P7 , and z _P2 = z _P7 . The coordinates (y _P2 , z _P2 ) of the front end P2 of the aerial image 195 are expressed by the following equation (5).

The rear end P3 of the aerial image 195 is located symmetrically with the rear end P6 of the image 170 about the z-axis. y _P3 = −y _P6 and z _P3 = z _P6 . The coordinates of the rear end P3 of the aerial image 195 (y _P3 , z _P3 ) are expressed by the following equation (6).

The front end Q2 of the first reflecting surface 152 is an intersection of the straight line S2 and z = 0, that is, the y-axis. Since 0 = −cy _Q2 + d, the coordinates (y _Q2 , z _Q2 ) of the front end Q2 of the first reflecting surface 152 are expressed as (d / c, 0).

The front end P8 of the virtual image 185 is located symmetrically with the rear end P6 of the image 170 about the y-axis. y _P8 = y _P6 and z _P8 = −z _P6 . The coordinates (y _P8 , z _P8 ) of the front end P8 of the virtual image 185 are expressed by the following equation (7).

Next, conditions and the like for adjusting the relative arrangement of the display unit 120, the reflection unit 150, the first selection unit 140, and the second selection unit 160 by moving each of the above points and positions will be described. First, when the rear end Q1 of the first reflecting surface 152 is moved, the positions of the virtual image 180 and the image 170 on the display surface 122 are uniquely determined, and the coefficients a, b, c, and d change. At this time, the coefficients c, d and the angle θ are expressed by the following equation (8).

Even when the front end Q2 of the first reflecting surface 152 is moved along the y-axis, the positions of the virtual image 180 and the image 170 are uniquely determined, and the coefficients a, b, c, and d change. At this time, the above equation (8) holds for the coefficients c, d and the angle θ. A straight line having a slope −tan (2θ) is orthogonal to the straight line S1. The coefficients a and b are expressed as shown in (9) below.

When it is desired to move the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 along the y-axis, the positions of the first reflecting surface 152 and the image 170 are not uniquely determined, and one of the first reflecting surface 152 and the image 170 is fixed and the other. You can consider the position of. When the position of the first reflecting surface 152 is fixed and the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 is moved along the y-axis, the position of the image 170 is uniquely determined. At this time, among the coefficients a, b, c, and d, the coefficient b changes, and is expressed as b = z _Q1 -ay _Q1 = -cy _P5 + d-ay _P5 .

When the position of the image 170 is fixed and the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 is moved along the y-axis, the position of the first reflecting surface 152 is uniquely determined, and the coefficients a, b, c, and d change. Since the straight line S3 is orthogonal to the straight line S2 as described above, the following equation (10) holds. Further, since the straight line S2 passes through the midpoint between the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 and the rear end P6 of the image 170, the coefficient is expressed by the following equation (11).

The coefficient a is expressed in the same manner as in the above equation (9). Further, the straight line S1 passes through the rear end P6 of the image 170, and the coefficient b is expressed by the following equation (12).

When the position of the image 170 is moved, the positions of the first reflecting surface 152 and the virtual image 180 are uniquely determined, and the coefficients a, b, c, and d change. The coefficients a, b, c and the angle θ'are expressed by the following equation (13).

When the coordinates (y _P5 , z _P5 ) of the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 are expressed using the coordinate values y _P6 and z _P6 of the rear end P6 of the image 170, the following equation (14) holds.

Since the coordinate value y _P5 is always 0, the coefficient d and the length D of the image 170 are expressed by the following equation (15).

When the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 is moved in parallel with the z-axis, the length D of the image 170 changes, and D = z _P4 .

Next, the field of view of the aerial image forming apparatus 111 will be examined. As shown in FIG. 4, the first selection unit 140 stands upright on the y-axis along the z-axis. The first selection based on the z-axis of the light rays emitted forward in the y direction by the first selection unit 140 to form an image (that is, the first light L1-1, the second light L2-1, and the third light L3). The range of the angle of incidence φ on the unit 140 is φ _MIN <φ <φ _MAX . The light ray LR 11 is incident on the floor surface 101, that is, the first selection unit 140 with the largest incident angle _φMAX from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180, and then is reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101. .. The light ray LR 12 is incident on the first selection unit 140 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 at the smallest incident angle φ _MIN with respect to the floor surface 101, and then is reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101. The light ray LR 13 is incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the largest incident angle _φMAX with respect to the floor surface 101, and then is reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101. The light ray LR 14 is incident on the floor surface 101 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the smallest φ _MIN incident angle, and then is reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101.

The visible range of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 is the range surrounded by the rays LR11 and LR12 of y _P1 <y. The visible range of the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 is the range surrounded by the rays LR13 and LR14 of y _P1 <y. Therefore, the aerial image 190 can be seen in a range that satisfies the above-mentioned two ranges and overlaps with each other, and is a range surrounded by the intersection Q3 of the light rays LR12 and LR13 and the light rays LR12 and LR13. The ray LR12 passing through the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 and the intersection Q3 (y _Q3 , z _Q3 ) is z = arctan ( _φMAX ) y + const. It is expressed as. Substituting the coordinates (y _P0 , z _P0 ) of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 into the above-mentioned equation expressing the inclination, the constant const. Is rewritten as z = arctan ( _φMAX ) y + z _P0 − (y _P0 ) arctan ( _φMAX ). Similarly, the inclination of the ray LR13 passing through the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 and the intersection Q3 is expressed as z = arctan (φ _MIN ) y + z _P0 − (y _P0 ) arctan (φ _MIN ). Based on the fact that the light rays LR12 and LR13 intersect at the intersection Q3, the following equation (16) is established.

Here, it is assumed that the z-coordinate value of the front end of the first selection unit 140 in the z direction is _MH , and the z-coordinate value of the rear end of the first selection unit 140 in the z direction is _ML . The light ray reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101 through the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 and the front end (0, _MH ) of the first selection unit 140 is defined as LR15. The light ray reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101 through the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 and the rear end (0, _ML ) of the first selection unit 140 is referred to as LR16. Let LR17 be a light beam reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101 through the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 and the front end (0, _MH ) of the first selection unit 140. The light beam reflected by the first selection unit 140 and the floor surface 101 through the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 and the rear end (0, _ML ) of the first selection unit 140 is referred to as LR18. Assuming the z-coordinate values _MH and _ML , the visible range of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 is the range surrounded by the rays LR15 and LR16 of y _P1 <y. The visible range of the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 is the range surrounded by the rays LR17 and LR18 of y _P1 <y. Therefore, the aerial image 190 can be seen in a range that satisfies the above two ranges and overlaps with each other, and is a range surrounded by the intersections Q4 (y _Q4 , z _Q4 ) of the light rays LR16 and LR17 and the light rays LR16 and LR17. .. The ray LR16 passing through the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 and the intersection Q4 is z = (( _ML -z _P4 ) / y _P4 ) y + const. It is expressed as. Substituting the coordinates (y _P0 , z _P0 ) of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 into the above-mentioned equation expressing the inclination, the constant const. When is rewritten, the following equation (17) is established.

Since the y-coordinate value of the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 is symmetric with the y-coordinate value of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 with respect to the origin OR, y _P0 = −y _P4 . Therefore, the following equation (18) holds.

The inclination of the ray LR17 passing through the rear end P1 of the aerial image 190 and the intersection Q4 is ( _ML -z _P5 ) / y _P5 , and the ray LR17 is z = (( _ML -z _P5 ) / y _P5 ) y + const. .. It is expressed as. Substituting the coordinates (y _P0 , z _P0 ) of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 into the above-mentioned equation expressing the inclination, the constant const. When is rewritten, the following equation (19) is established.

Since the y-coordinate value of the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 is symmetric with the y-coordinate value of the front end P0 of the aerial image 190 with respect to the origin OR, y _P0 = −y _P5 . Therefore, the following equation (20) holds.

Here, let RH be the z-coordinate value of the intersection of the ray _LR11 and the z-axis. Let the z-coordinate value of the intersection of the ray _LR12 and the z-axis be RMIN. Let RMAX be the z-coordinate value of the intersection of the ray _LR13 and the z-axis. Let RL be the z-coordinate value of the intersection of the ray _LR14 and the z-axis. If _MH <RL, the light rays LR13, LR14, _LR17 , and LR18 emitted from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 cannot be recursively transmitted by the first selection unit 140, so that _MH > _RL must be established. be. Similarly, when _ML > RH, the light rays LR11, _LR12 , LR15, and LR16 emitted from the front end P4 of the virtual image 180 cannot be recursively transmitted by the first selection unit 140, so that _ML < _RH is established. There is a need to. Therefore, _{ML <RL <MH and ML < RH ≤ MH .}

The size required for the first selection unit 140 to operate effectively is divided into the following cases based on the visual field range.
[1] When _ML <R _MIN -Under the condition that the light ray LR 12 is incident on the light ray LR 12 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 to the first selection unit 140 at the largest incident angle.
z = arctan (φ _MIN ) y + z _P0- (y _P0 ) arctan (φ _MIN ),
Is used.
-For the light ray LR 14, the equation relating to the light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the largest incident angle is used.
[2] When R _MIN ≤ _ML < _RL -The above equation (20) is used under the condition that the light ray LR 12 is incident on the light ray LR 12 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 to the first selection unit 140 at the largest incident angle.
-For the light ray LR 14, the equation relating to the light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the largest incident angle is used.
[3] When _RL ≤ _ML < _RH -The above equation (20) is used under the condition that the ray LR 12 is incident on the light ray LR 12 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 to the first selection unit 140 at the z coordinate value _RL . ..
-For the light ray _LR 14, an equation relating to a light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the z coordinate value RL is used.
[4] When R _MAX < _MH -For the light ray LR 11, the formula relating to the light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 at the smallest incident angle is used.
Z = arctan ( _φMAX ) y + z _P0 − (y _P0 ) arctan ( _φMAX ), under the condition that the light ray LR13 is incident on the first selection portion 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the smallest incident angle.
Is used.
[5] When _{RH <MH ≤} R _MAX -For the light ray LR11, an equation relating to the light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 at the smallest incident angle is used.
The above equation (18) is used under the condition that the light ray LR 13 is incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the z coordinate value _RH .
[6] When _RL < _MH ≤ _RH -For the light ray LR11, an equation relating to the light ray incident on the first selection unit 140 from the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 at the z coordinate value _RH is used.
The above equation (18) is used under the condition that the light ray LR 13 is incident on the first selection unit 140 from the front end P5 of the virtual image 180 at the z coordinate value _RH .

Next, when another light ray is incident on the range where the aerial image 190 can be seen from the observer (that is, from the rear in the y direction), the image by the light ray can be seen. For example, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 5, the shaded area VR is in the range where the aerial image 190 can be seen from the viewpoint 200, but the rear part of the virtual image 185 in the z direction overlaps the area VR. Therefore, the virtual image 185 can be seen by the observer viewed from the viewpoint 200. In order for the observer to see only the aerial image 190, the light rays emitted from the virtual image 185 included in the region VR including the rear end P9 and transmitted through the first selection unit 140 are emitted from the position where the aerial image 190 is formed. Also needs to be shielded behind in the y direction. The ratio of the intervals Z1 and Z2 of the mmAP and the like constituting the first selection unit 140 and the interval Z3 and the angle ± θ3 of the second selection unit 160 (not shown) are appropriately adjusted so as to shield the above-mentioned light rays.

When the LF constituting the second selection unit 160 is arranged behind the first selection unit 140 in the y direction, the role of the second selection unit 160 is that the light rays from the virtual image 180 reach the viewpoint directly without being reflected. This is to prevent the image formation of the aerial image 195. As shown in FIG. 6, the angle θ3 (absolute value) of the light-shielding plate 162 of the LF with respect to the floor surface 101 depends on the coordinate value of the front end P2 of the aerial image 195. As shown in FIG. 6, when the rear end in the z direction is fixed to the origin OR and the LF is tilted forward in the y direction, it is possible to suppress the amount of light rays that generate the aerial image 190 from being attenuated by the LF. The maximum tilt angle Φ _L at which the LF can be tilted as described above is formed by a line connecting (front end P2 of the aerial image 195) → (origin OR) → coordinates (0, R _MAX ) in the order of arrows. It is a narrow angle. As a method for preventing the virtual image 180 from being directly viewed from the vicinity of the observer's viewpoint (see FIG. 6), for example, a light-shielding lid or the like is attached to the LF so that the light rays from the front end P2 of the aerial image 195 do not pass through the visual field region. And a method of extending the length Z3 of the light shielding plate 162 of the LF in the y direction.

As can be seen with reference to FIG. 7, the angle required for the second selection unit 160 to prevent the formation of the aerial image 195 is larger than the angle for shielding the virtual image 185. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, when the second selection unit 160 (not shown) is arranged parallel to the y direction as shown by the broken line, the second selection unit 160 hinders the formation of the aerial image 195. The shielding angle φ _VCF required for this is (φ _MIN2 -φ _L ) using the maximum tilt angle Φ _L and the imaging light range φ _MIN 2 to φ _{MAX 2} of the MMAP (not shown) constituting the first selection unit 140. ≤φ _VCF ≤ (90deg.- _φL ).

The light beam emitted from the front end P7 of the image 170 is reflected by the front end Q2 of the first reflecting surface 152 and then incidents on the first selection unit 140. The light beam inclined in the direction approaching the z-axis emits the rear end P6 of the image 170 and takes a course through the front end (coordinates (0, R _MAX )) of the first selection unit 140. As shown in FIG. 9, the coordinates of the front end of the second selection unit 160 in the z direction are (0, _LL ). When the narrow angle formed by the line connecting the _LF (rear end P4 of the virtual image 180) → coordinates (0, _LL ) → coordinates (0, _Ly ) is connected in the order of the arrow, the shielding angle φ _VCF (90deg.-ALL ₎ ≤φ _VCF ≤ (90deg.-φ _L ) holds. Assuming that the intersection of the extension line in the z direction along the LF and the extension line of the straight line connecting the front end _P7 and the rear end P6 of the image 170 is XC, the length in the z direction required for the LF is the origin. It is the length of a straight line connecting OR and the intersection _XC .

A viewing control film (VCF) (not shown) may be provided in front of the display unit 120 in the y direction. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the region 220 surrounded by the path of each ray is a region showing the ray LR20 that exits from the front end P7 of the image 170, passes through the origin OR, and can form the aerial image 190. .. As shown in FIG. 12, the triangle 251 connecting the rear end P4 of the virtual image 180 in the z direction and the two points M1 and M2 separated from each other on the first reflecting surface 152, and the front ends P7 and the two points M1 and M2 of the image 170. From the congruence condition of the triangles 252 connecting each of them and the relationship between the straight lines parallel to each other, it is preferable to let the light rays incident at an incident angle of _φMAX2 or less with respect to the z-axis pass forward in the y direction. Further, it is larger than the narrow angle formed by the line connecting (the rear end P6 of the image 170) → (the front end P7 of the image 170) → the origin OR in the order of the arrows, and is larger than the narrow angle formed by the incident surface 144 of the first selection unit 140 and the like. 90 deg. It is preferable that the light rays until they intersect with each other are shielded.

Further, if the z-coordinate value of the rear end of the first selection unit 140 is the same as the z-coordinate value of the front end P7 of the image 170, the first selection unit 140 is arranged above the image 170 in the z direction, and the aerial image. The formation of 195 can be prevented. When the second selection unit 160 is arranged in front of the first selection unit 140 in the y direction as shown in FIG. 1, the conditions required for LF are applied to mmAP, and the arrangement conditions of the aerial image forming apparatus 111 are set. You can decide.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to a specific aspect. The present invention can be variously modified and modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims.

For example, the display unit 120 is not limited to the liquid crystal display 21, and may be composed of a light source or a display member capable of emitting the first light L1 from the display surface 122. The reflecting unit 150 is not limited to the mirror, and may be composed of a member capable of reflecting at least a part of the first light L1 as the first light 1-1. The display unit 120 and the reflection unit 150 are not limited to those formed in a plate shape. If the display unit 120 has the display surface 122, the shape of the display unit 120 can be freely set or changed, and the display unit 120 is formed integrally with a part of other devices outside the aerial image forming device. You may. Similarly, if the reflecting unit 150 has the first reflecting surface 152, the shape of the reflecting unit 150 can be freely set or changed, and the reflecting unit 150 is a part of other devices outside the aerial image forming device. It may be formed integrally with.

For example, the first selection unit 140 is not limited to MMAP having micromirrors as a plurality of reflectors 142, and at least of the first light L1-1 incident on the floor surface 101, that is, within the angle range ± θR2 with respect to the reference surface. A part of the second light L2-1 may be formed of a retrotransmitting member capable of emitting light toward the front in the y direction. For example, the first selection unit 140 may be composed of an Aeronautical Imaging Plate (AIP), a dihedral corner reflector array (DCRA), and a parity mirror.

101 Floor surface (reference surface)
111 Aerial image forming device 120 Display unit 122 Display surface 140 First selection unit 150 Reflection unit 152 First reflection surface 160 Second selection unit z direction (travel direction of first light)

Claims (4)

A display unit having a display surface and emitting the first light from the display surface,
Reflection having a first reflective surface that is inclined at a first angle with respect to the reference plane and reflects the first light toward the front in the traveling direction within a range of the second angle with respect to the reference plane. Department and
At least a part of the first light that is provided in front of the reflection portion in the traveling direction and is incident within the range of the second angle with respect to the reference plane is regarded as the second light in front of the traveling direction. A first selection unit that emits light toward the reference plane and shields the first light that is incident on the reference plane outside the range of the second angle with respect to the first angle.
The second light, which is provided in front of the reflecting portion in the traveling direction and is adjacent to the first selection portion, is emitted from the first selection portion, and is incident on the reference plane from a predetermined incident direction. A second selection unit that emits light as a third light, emits light from the first selection unit, and shields the second light emitted from an incident direction different from a predetermined incident direction with respect to the reference plane.
Equipped with
The display unit, the reflection unit, the first selection unit, and the second selection unit are provided on the same side with respect to the reference surface.
Aerial image forming device. The first angle is greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 45 °.
The aerial image forming apparatus according to claim 1. The first selection unit has a plurality of reflective materials and has a plurality of reflective materials.
The plurality of reflective materials are arranged at intervals from each other in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane.
The reflective material extends in a direction parallel to the reference plane and extends.
The ratio of the spacing to the size of the reflector in the direction parallel to the reference plane is determined by the range of the first angle.
The aerial image forming apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. The second selection unit has a plurality of light-shielding materials arranged at intervals from each other in a direction orthogonal to the reference plane.
The plurality of light-shielding materials are arranged so as to be inclined in the same direction as the incident direction with respect to the reference plane.
The aerial image forming apparatus according to claim 3.

Images