JP2022034847A - Set of boxes forming scaffolding - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a set of boxes for forming scaffolding for high place work in new construction or repair work of a civil engineering building structure, selected as the optimum one among various kinds of the scaffolding and put into practical use according to a site situation, such as, places for setting the scaffolding, necessary height and scale, and shortened in a construction period and reduced in dangerous high place work.SOLUTION: Use of a set of boxes with an outer shape formed of columns 2f and beams 2g and formed in a nest structure allows the inner box to rise from the outer box to construct scaffolding. This method can shorten the work of scaffolding construction and save the labor of high place work.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a scaffold to be installed outside or inside a building used at the time of new construction or repair of the building. It also concerns how to build a scaffold.

Scaffolding is required when working at heights in new construction or repair work of civil engineering and building structures.
Scaffolding is constructed and dismantled by heavy machinery such as cranes and manual work. There is also a scaffold that allows the scaffolding floor to be raised and lowered to a predetermined height by a lifting device. The most suitable scaffolding is selected from among many types of scaffolding and put into practical use according to the location where the scaffolding is installed and the individual site conditions such as the required height and scale. Especially in the construction repair work in urban areas, scaffolding is assembled and dismantled by manual work, and the work situation is side by side with dangers such as aerial work and falling accidents during transportation of materials.
The optimum scaffolding structure for scaffolding construction / removal work differs depending on the site conditions, but further improvements / improvements such as labor saving, reduction of dangerous aerial work, shortening of work period, and reduction of construction cost are expected. It is a field of construction work to be done.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-6895 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-45649 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-50651

The scaffolding of Patent Document 1 is a scaffolding for storing and transporting columns, beams, scaffolding plates, etc., which are members of the scaffolding, in a disjointed state. It is a scaffold that unitizes (assembles) these members on the ground in the turning range area of the crane, lifts the unitized scaffold with the crane, moves it, and installs and removes it at the scaffold installation location.
In the case of this type of scaffolding, the place where the work of assembling and disassembling the members is carried out is different from the installation site, but the amount of work is the same and the labor is not saved. In addition, although the height is low, the assembly and disassembly work for unitization is also a high-altitude work, and there is a problem that the risk of a fall does not change.
The telescopic scaffold of Patent Document 2 is provided with a workbench only at the uppermost portion. In other words, it is suitable for repair work such as ceilings with a constant height inside the building. It can be said that it is an inefficient scaffolding when repairing the wall surface of a building, that is, the surface that spreads vertically and horizontally. Further, when the workbench expands and contracts in the height direction, the workbench is heavy by human power and requires a power device to raise it, and the efficiency of using the power device is not good compared to the scale of the scaffold.
The telescopic scaffold of Patent Document 3 is a scaffold in which a workbench is provided at the uppermost portion and a support column for supporting the workbench expands and contracts. As with ordinary scaffolding, most of the scaffolding assembly and dismantling work is aerial work, and the risk of work is not small compared to other scaffolding. Although described in the literature, it is a telescopic scaffold that is used in special spaces such as inside a boiler. It is assembled and disassembled at the site, and the movement of the scaffold is inefficient.

In order to solve the above problems, a set of boxes constituting the scaffold of the present invention and a scaffold construction method are as follows.
As shown in FIG. 1, the set of boxes constituting the scaffolding of the present invention is
The outer shell is a set of boxes that consists of columns 2f and beams 2g and fits in a nested structure.
When the set of boxes was erected almost vertically, the upper surface of the outer box was open.
It has a device 2b capable of projecting the inner boxes 1b and 1c upward from the outer boxes 1a and 1b with a lifting machine.
It has a support 2i that supports the protruding inner box,
It is a set of boxes characterized in that the floor material 3a is mounted inside the box.
Also, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4,
The inner side surface of the box has a structure that engages with the floor material 3a so that the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface.
The inside of the box is a set of boxes characterized by having a structure in which the floor material can be laid in a substantially horizontal and removable manner by engaging with the floor material.
Also, as shown in FIG.
Between the support 2f of the outer box and the support 2f of the inner box,
It is a set of boxes characterized by having a support slip device composed of plates 2h1 or 2h2 long in the vertical direction.
Also, as shown in FIG.
When a winch is adopted as a lifting machine, it is a set of boxes characterized in that a fixed pulley is mounted above one of the sets of boxes in combination with a rope.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7,
Using a set of boxes as described above,
The process of installing a set of boxes 1 in a nested structure approximately vertically,
The process of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with the lifting machine 6 and
The process of supporting the protruding inner box with the support tool 2i,
It is a scaffolding construction method characterized by having a step of removing the flooring material 3a attached to the side surface of the box and a step of laying the removed flooring material substantially horizontally to construct the scaffolding floor 5a.

Since the set of boxes constituting the scaffold of the present invention and the scaffold construction method are as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
The scaffolding made up of a set of factory-made boxes can be reused, so the usage cost is low. In the round-trip transportation from the factory to the site, the scaffolding of a set of boxes is housed in a nested structure, so the volume during transportation does not increase and the transportation cost is low.
At the site, a lifting machine is used to take out the inner box from the outer box of the nested structure where the columns and beams have already been assembled to build a high scaffolding, so construction is quick. Therefore, one lifting machine can handle a plurality of sets of boxes, and the efficiency of using the power unit is good.
In addition, various scaffolding members such as scaffolding floors, handrails, and stairs other than structural members can be attached to the side surface of the box of the present application, and since these members are carried to a high place together with the box, they are unloaded or unloaded to a high place again. There is no need and labor is saved. Therefore, dangerous work at high places is reduced. When a flooring material with a hinge device is used, the flooring material does not come off the beam, so there is no danger of falling.
The scaffolding constructed with one set of boxes of the present application has multiple layers, and it is possible to connect multiple sets of boxes side by side, and since there is a wide area, the work of the main body construction using the scaffolding is also efficient. I can.
Since the scaffolding dismantling / removal work can be carried out in the reverse procedure of the construction method, it is possible to save labor and reduce dangerous work at high places.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a set of boxes and a scaffolding construction method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here, each member and function constituting the present invention will be described first, and then examples will be described.

<Pedestal>
The pedestal as used in the present application is a structure portion that is below the assembled scaffold structure for the purpose of construction and that gravitationally supports the set of boxes of the present application above.
The pedestal should be made of concrete or metal. Further, the pedestal may have an adjuster function or a jack function whose height can be adjusted. Further, a pedestal may be a pedestal in which wheels are added to the pedestal so that a set of boxes can be easily moved horizontally while being placed on the pedestal. The pedestal may have a device that spreads the legs, such as an outrigger, to increase the resistance of the scaffold to tipping over. Alternatively, the pedestal may be pre-mounted on the bottom of a set of boxes.
If the base (ground) is reinforced with concrete or steel, a set of boxes may be installed directly on the ground without using a pedestal.

<A set of boxes>
Here, in order to explain the contents of the present application, the names of the boxes constituting the set of nested boxes will be described first.
The outermost large box is called the outer box. The innermost small box is called the inner box. The box between the outer box and the inner box is called the intermediate box. There is no need for an intermediate box. In addition, there may be a plurality of intermediate boxes. If there is more than one, the dimensions of each intermediate box will gradually vary from large to small so as to form a nested structure.
Therefore, the set of boxes referred to in the present application is a plurality of boxes in which the outer box, the intermediate box, and the inner box have a nested structure, and the intermediate box and the inner box can be accommodated in the outer box. When the outer box of a set of nested boxes is erected on a pedestal or the ground, the outer box and the intermediate box can be pulled out upward so that the inner box of the outer box or the intermediate box can be pulled out upward. It is a set of boxes characterized by the upper surface being open (opened out). The structure and function of the outer box, middle box, and inner box are slightly different depending on where they are placed. In addition to the terms of the outer box, middle box, and inner box, the relative names of the placed positions are called the outer box and the inner box. The outer box is always the outer box and the inner box is always the inner box. The intermediate box is a relatively outer box or inner box.

<Box shape>
As for the shape of the box, the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped when the outer box of a set of boxes is erected on a pedestal or the ground is a good shape for use. It is easy to use that the outer box, the intermediate box, and the inner box have a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the outer box. Although the functions and effects of the present invention can be exhibited in a polygonal prism other than a rectangular parallelepiped as in the case of a rectangular parallelepiped, it seems that there is a disadvantage in the manufacturing cost of the box and the flexibility in the field.
The dimensions in the height direction when the set of boxes of the present application are erected substantially vertically on the pedestal may be smaller, the same, or larger than the height of the intermediate box or the inner box.

<Box dimensions>
The main purpose of this application is to save labor, shorten the construction period, and improve the safety of scaffolding work in the field. Therefore, after assembling each box into a nested structure at a factory or a temporary yard, it is transported by truck (vertical box is laid down sideways) and transported to the site. Therefore, the size of the outer box should be large enough to be loaded on a truck. Generally, the size of the marine container is good. However, the construction scaffold may be smaller than the width of the marine container (the width in the vehicle width direction when loaded on a truck) because the width direction may be a width that allows people to pass through or a width that is partially smaller than that. It is necessary to connect walls and hold back to prevent the scaffolding from tipping over in the width direction during construction.

<Box material and structure>
Wood, metal, resin, etc. are good materials because it requires strength as a scaffold. It is also possible to partially adopt strong concrete.
Each box in a set of boxes may have a frame structure (struts and beams) using steel pipes or shaped steel. A part or all of the skeleton may be covered with a board or a net. The nodes of the skeleton structure should be welded to withstand repeated use and to save space for the nodes. Auxiliary members such as braces and beams may be present between the skeletons.
The optimum shape of the box of the present application is a rectangular parallelepiped whose outer shell is composed of columns and beams. When the box is erected, the inside of the box can be partitioned by horizontal beams for tall boxes and vertical columns for horizontally long boxes, which can be used for scaffolding floors, staircase members, handrails, braces, etc. Convenient to install. If the distance between the beams and the distance between the columns is approximately 2 m or less, a compartmentalized space can be constructed in which the limbs of the worker can reach and the materials and equipment can be easily attached, removed, and delivered. In addition, the rigidity and strength of the box structure will be improved.

<Box with scaffolding members on the sides>
Hereinafter, in order to clearly explain the top, bottom, left, and right of the box, the box will be described in a state where the box is erected substantially vertically on a pedestal.
Scaffolding members such as flooring materials and stairs can be attached in advance to a part of the side surface of a set of boxes standing on a pedestal. If the method is to attach a thin member such as a flooring material so that it fits in the width of the column, beam, and sliding device between columns of the box, it will not be an obstacle when the box inside the nested structure is taken in and out (up, down). ..
By attaching the upper or lower end of these flooring materials and staircase members to the beam part of the box with a hinge device, it is attached to the side of the box when or after the set of boxes is erected. The flooring materials and staircase members that have been used can be rotated in the vertical direction by tilting or raising them, and they can be used as a substantially horizontal scaffolding floor or an oblique elevating staircase. Similarly, by attaching handrails, braces, connecting members, overhanging members, etc. to the sides of the box, and using a lifting machine to erect the box and raise (protrude) the inner box, they will rise at the same time as the box rises. The scaffolding material and auxiliary members of the box can also be unloaded to the upper side, which greatly saves labor in the vertical transportation work of the material and shortens the construction period.
Also, not only in the transportation work but also in the scaffolding construction work, the worker does not move the floor material etc. in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, but simply rotates and moves the material previously transported to the installation position. Since scaffolding floors and diagonal stairs can be safely constructed, dangerous work during construction is reduced.

<Lifting machine>
The set of boxes of the present application is housed in a nested structure, transported by truck, unloaded from the truck by a crane (lifting machine), and installed substantially vertically. After that, using the crane, the inner box of the nested structure is lifted, a support is installed, and the inner box is prevented from descending or falling, and is used as a scaffold. (It is necessary to prevent falls such as connecting the outside of the scaffolding to the wall)
Instead of a large lifting machine such as a crane, a small lifting machine such as a winch is installed outside the outer box, and the pulley and rope installed in the outer box and intermediate box are used to raise and lower the box inside the nested structure. It is possible to make it. The device and operation method will be described later.

<Support>
The support is a device that transfers the weight of the inner box lifted by the lifting machine to the outer box. An example of the support 2i is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
The support shown in FIG. 1 has a simple structure in which a steel pipe support 2i is placed on the beam of the outer box to support the weight of the inner box.
The support shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a bracket provided on the support of the outer box is a support tool that can rotate in the horizontal direction. With the inner box suspended by a crane, rotate the bracket horizontally, position the bracket under the bottom of the column or beam of the inner box, and lower the inner box suspended by the crane to lower the inner box above the bracket. It is used in the procedure of loading. With this support, the inner box does not settle relative to the outer box. By operating the bracket from the outside using an electric motor or a string, it is possible to work safely without the worker entering under the suspended load.
Alternatively, as for the support, the inner box is lifted by the lifting machine, and the pin is passed through the holes provided in the columns of the outer box and the inner box so that the outer and inner boxes are displaced in the vertical direction. It may be a simple structure to prevent.
Alternatively, the structure may be such that the entire inner box is pulled out from the outer box and then the inner box is placed on the outer box. Even in this case, since the inner box is smaller than the open space on the upper surface of the outer box, a support for supporting the inner box is required.
The method of supporting the inner box with the outer box is not limited to the above example, and a device of a known method may be adopted as a support tool.
The scaffolding composed of a set of boxes needs to be appropriately reinforced against loads, earthquakes, winds, vibrations, shakings, etc. by using means other than the support.

<Sliding device between columns>
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a strut-to-post slip device that facilitates the vertical movement of the inner box of a set of boxes of the present application using steel pipe columns.
FIG. A shows a planar cross section of a set of boxes of the present application. Adopt inter-post slip devices near the columns at the four corners of the box. The device is attached to the pillar of the outer box or the beam near the pillar by welding or screwing at a slight distance from the pillar, and the inner box moves smoothly up and down without unevenness. It is a device that can be attached.
The strut-to-post slip device 2h1 shown in FIG. B is a member obtained by dividing a pipe having a diameter larger than the strut pipe of the inner box into approximately 3 to 4 in the vertical direction, and is a device to which a vertically long curved steel plate is attached. ..
The strut-to-post slip device 2h2 shown in FIG. C is a device in which a strip-shaped plate is attached to a portion of the inner box of the outer box where the strut of the inner box hits. The board is made of metal or resin and is a member fixed to the columns and beams of the outer box.
When pulling out the box of the present application nested structure upward or storing it downward, there is some play between the inner box and the outer box, so while shaking back and forth and left and right, or repeating small collisions back and forth and left and right. The inner box rises or falls. The strut-to-post slip device is a device that limits the swing width in the front-back and left-right directions. In particular, since a set of boxes of the present application has scaffolding members or the like mounted on the side surfaces of the boxes, the internal box is a device for maintaining an interval for avoiding small collisions with those members. Therefore, when a large space is required, a device may be used in which a spacer is inserted between the plate and the support column or beam to be fixed to increase the space.
Since a set of boxes stands almost vertically, the horizontal force acting between the boxes is nothing but the force that the boxes lean against each other. Since the force is very small and the frictional force is also small, it works with the above-mentioned device. It is an inexpensive device because it does not use mechanical products such as wheels and bearings.

<Rise stop device>
It is a device that prevents the inner box from being completely pulled out from the outer box, and is a device that stops the rise of the inner box in the middle. A protrusion is provided on the upper inner surface of the outer box, a protrusion is provided on the lower outer surface of the inner box, and when the inner box protrudes upward, both protrusions collide and the inner box is pulled out from the outer box. It is a device with a structure that does not exist. The protrusion may be a small shaped steel or a steel pipe attached to the box. Alternatively, it may be a simple one such as a bolt or a hook having a strength to withstand bending or shearing. However, in the case of a set of boxes of the present application that employs a small lifting machine and a pulley as shown in FIG. 6, a force of the same magnitude as the weight of the box inside the device acts on this lift stop device. Strength is required.
Since it is also necessary to take out the inner box from the outer box for maintenance, the lift stop device needs to be removable or the installation position must be movable.

<Floor material>
The flooring material is attached to the side surface of the box, and can be transported to the installation position of the scaffolding height at the site through the work of trucking the box, installing the box, and projecting the box. Steel plates, aluminum plates, resin plates, wood, etc. are suitable as flooring materials.
The flooring material attached to the side surface of the box is used as a scaffolding floor by being moved and installed substantially horizontally on the beam of the box with the box fixed at a predetermined position as a scaffolding. When the flooring is on the side of the box, the top or bottom may be hinged to the beam of the box. By simply rotating the flooring material using a hinge device, it can be installed on the beam of the box almost horizontally. The opposite end of the flooring may be removably fixed to the other beam with a device such as a claw, bolt or belt.
It is preferable that the floor material has a two-sheet structure or a drawer type, and the length can be adjusted. When used as a scaffolding floor, it is convenient because the length can be adjusted to the beam spacing.
The box has four sides, front, back, left and right. It is also possible to use a scaffolding floor that protrudes like a veranda by using diagonal materials, hanging chains, etc. on the side surface in the direction of the building. On the side of another adjacent set of boxes in the direction of the scaffolding, it is also possible to use the flooring on that side to construct a scaffolding floor that constitutes a migratory corridor.

<Stairs member>
It is also possible to attach a staircase member for raising and lowering to the side of the box. Like the flooring material, the staircase member may be attached to the beam of the box with a hinge device at the upper end or the lower end. A diagonal staircase can be constructed by rotating it using a hinge. If the step plate of the staircase member is rotatable like a louver window, the overall thickness can be made thin and it is easy to attach it to the side surface of the box. The staircase member should have an adjustable length.
Further, as a scaffold lifting device, a ladder or a ramp may be used instead of the stairs. In those cases, they may remain fixed to the sides of the box.

<Other scaffolding related materials>
Scaffolding-related members and box reinforcement members can be attached to the sides of the box using bolts, clips, belts, and the like. By attaching it to the side of the box, such as connecting members to other adjacent scaffolds, connecting walls to buildings, asagao, braces, handrails, etc., it is possible to save labor in transportation work and reduce dangerous aerial work. can.

<Detachable beam>
Even when a pair of horizontally long boxes is used to accommodate the situation in the field, the outer box and the intermediate box need to have the upper surface of the box blown out in order to project the inner box upward. If the top surface is blown out, the width of the long box may change during transportation or during scaffolding construction. Detachable beams are attached to the upper surfaces of the outer box and the intermediate box to stop the width of the box. When the inner box passes upward through the upper surface of the outer box or the intermediate box, the removable beam can be removed to open the upper surface of the box.

<Example 1>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. In order not to confuse the contents of the figure, this figure mainly shows the pillar 2f and the beam 2g of the outer shell of the nesting set of the box 1. The explanation of various members related to scaffolding floors, etc. is shown in a separate figure. Figure A shows a situation in which a set of three boxes, an outer box, an intermediate box, and an inner box, are erected vertically on a pedestal in a nested structure. FIG. B shows a state in which the inner boxes 1b and 1c are projected upward from the outer box 1a by a lifting machine and are supported by the support 2i that supports the inner box. A floor material 3a is attached to the bottom surface of the inside 1d of the box.
In other words, Figure 1 shows
The outer shell is a set of boxes 1 composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and can be accommodated in a nested structure. When the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surfaces 2c of the outer boxes 1a and 1b are open. It has a device 2b that can project the inner boxes 1b and 1c upward from the outer box with a lifting machine, has a support 2i that supports the projected inner box, and mounts a floor material 3a inside the box. It represents a set of boxes.
If the height of the building is low, you do not need a high scaffolding. The figure shows a set of boxes that make up a horizontally long scaffold. The upper surfaces of the outer box and the intermediate box need to be blown out, but in a horizontally long open space, the members will be distorted if there is no presser in the middle part. Therefore, the outer box and the upper surface of the intermediate box of this set of boxes are equipped with removable beams 2k to prevent the width of the upper surface of the box from changing. It can be said that the upper surface 2c of the box is opened whenever necessary by removing the detachable beam 2k, which is a stairwell state.
Further, in the set of boxes shown in the figure, an additional beam 2l in the longitudinal direction is installed 30 to 50 cm below the upper surface of the outer box and the intermediate box. The beam 2l is a beam on which the detachable beam 2k can be temporarily installed when the detachable beam 2k on the upper surface of the box is removed, and the change in the width of the upper surface of the box is suppressed. It is a device that can do. Further, as shown in the figure, it is a beam that can also have a function of supporting the inner box in combination with the support 2i that supports the inner box.

<Example 2>
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of another embodiment of the present invention. This figure mainly illustrates the pillars and beams of the outer shell of a set of nested boxes 1. The explanation of various members related to scaffolding floors, etc. is shown in a separate figure.
Figure A shows a state in which the intermediate box 1b is inside the outer box 1a and the inner box is inside the intermediate box 1c, and the three boxes have a nested structure and are erected substantially vertically on the pedestal. ing. The outer shell of each box is composed of steel pipe columns 2f and beams 2g, and the beams are provided at intervals of about 1 to 2 m in the height direction.
The set of boxes shown in Fig. A is a set of boxes 1 whose outer shell is composed of columns 2f and beams 2g and can be accommodated in a nested structure. When the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surface 2c of the outer box is open, and has a device 2b capable of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box by a lifting machine.
FIG. B is a cross-sectional plan view of three nested boxes. It is a figure which shows the situation which overlapped with the beam 2g of the side surface of a box, and the floor material 3a is attached.
In Fig. C, a set of boxes shown in Fig. A is lifted by a lifting machine and a lifting device 2b, the inner box is projected upward from the outer box, and then the support 2i in the outer box is used. , Represents the situation supporting the protruding inner box. Further, a floor material 3a is attached to the inner side surface of the box.
If the inner box is projected from the outer box, it will be taller, so the display in the height direction is partially omitted in the figure.
FIG. D is a diagram showing a flooring material 3a, a hinge device 3c, and a claw device 3d as an example of means for attaching the flooring material to the side surface of the box. The hinge device 3c of the floor material 3a is a device capable of rotating the floor material around a beam having a thickness and a position where the annular ring attached to the floor material engages with the ring as a rotation axis. Further, the claw device attached to the floor material represents a claw having a structure in which the claw is hooked on the beam at the position where the claw-shaped metal is engaged and the claw is not easily disengaged. It is a device that the claws come off when a certain part is pushed or pulled. As described above, the present application has a structure such as a thickness, a position, and a stopper so that the inner side surface (beams and columns) of the box engages with the floor material 3a and the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface. ing. The device for mounting the floor material on the beam or the column may be of another type.
When the box is moved by the lifting machine, the flooring material is attached to the box and moves, so there is no need to transport it separately. The situation of the box with the flooring attached to the side of the box will be explained later.

<Example 3>
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating that in a set of nested boxes, the inner box can be smoothly projected from the outer box. FIG. A is a plan view of a set of boxes having a nested structure, and FIGS. B and C are detailed views of the support columns thereof.
FIG. B shows a strut-to-post slip device 2h1 composed of a long plate in which a metal tube is vertically cut in the vertical direction between the columns of the outer box and the columns of the inner box.
FIG. C shows a strut-to-post slip device 2h2 composed of two metal plates long in the vertical direction between the columns of the outer box and the columns of the inner box.
When the inner box comes out from the outer box of the nested structure, various members such as columns, beams, braces, handrails, flooring materials for scaffolding, steps, etc. come into contact with each other, which causes an obstacle. However, paying attention to the columns of the outer box and the inner box, the above-mentioned vertically cut metal tube 2h1 or metal plate 2h2 is used to separate the columns of the outer and inner boxes from each other. Can be resolved.
The set of boxes is approximately vertical and the static friction force is negligible between the stanchions and the inter-post stanchion slip device due to the absence of horizontal force. Here, when each member such as a beam, a brace, and a scaffolding material is mounted on the side surface of the box, it is configured so as to fit inside a space having a thin thickness between the diameter of the column and the gap created between the column and the sliding device between columns. It is necessary, but it is easily possible by adjusting the dimensions of the members.

<Example 4>
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the side surface and internal mechanism of the set of boxes of the present application and the mounting structure of the floor material and the like.
The boxes shown in FIGS. A and B are boxes representing any one of the nested boxes.
The structure of the box shown in FIG. A is a dimension in which the distance between the columns and beams on the inner side surface of the box is engaged with the floor material so that the floor material fits on the side surface. In addition, the floor material has a hinge device, a claw device, or a device such as a bolt or a socket so that it can be attached to and detached from the support and beam, but the support and beam have a device that engages with and receives these devices. And has a structure. Although an example is shown in FIG. 2D, in the case of a hinge device using a ring, the ring is attached to the floor material, and the beam is inside the ring of the ring and acts as the rotation axis of the hinge.
In other words, in the box of the present application represented by FIG. A, the inner side surface of the box is engaged with the floor material in terms of the spacing and thickness of the beams and columns, the attachment / detachment device, etc., and the floor material can be attached / detached along the side surface. It has a structure that can be attached to.
In addition, as described above, the dimensions of the floor material in the thickness direction need to be stored in a thin space in a narrow space composed of columns and a sliding device between columns, and the floor material is manufactured thinner than the diameter of the columns. There is a need to. Further, if the staircase member has a structure in which the step plate is rotated like a louver window, the staircase can be made thin. Alternatively, it is possible to construct a large space by mounting the inter-post slip device away from the columns of the outer box.
Other members such as wall binders, connecting materials, reinforcing materials, and asagao can also be detachably attached to the side surface of the box. In that case, a device and structure are required to engage and receive the columns and beams of the box.

Figure B shows the state after one box shown in Figure A has changed and the inner box protrudes from the outer box. It represents a state in which the claw 3d of the floor material 3a is manually removed, the floor material is rotated in the vertical direction using the hinge device 3c, and the floor material is laid substantially horizontally. In the figure, the floor material 3a that is substantially horizontal is referred to as a scaffolding floor 5a.
Even in this state, the columns and beams inside the box engage with the flooring to be laid almost horizontally, and the spacing and thickness of the columns and beams, the arrangement of reinforcing materials and diagonal members, hinge devices and claw devices, Must have a device or structure to receive bolts, sockets, etc.
When removing the scaffolding, the claw device 3d of the scaffolding floor (floor material) 5a is removed, and the scaffolding floor 5a is rotated in the vertical direction using the hinge device 3c to the original position of the side surface of the box. It can be attached to the (side surface) as a flooring material.
That is, the inside of the set of boxes of the present application has a structure in which the floor material can be laid in a substantially horizontal and removable manner by engaging with the floor material.

FIG. C is a diagram illustrating an in-service situation of a scaffold composed of a set of boxes of the present application.
The figure shows a state in which a scaffold composed of three sets of boxes is already installed on a pedestal, the inner box is projected upward by a lifting machine 6, and is supported by a support 2i. Furthermore, it shows that a set of boxes that fit in the fourth nested structure is installed almost vertically on the pedestal.

That is, the set of boxes 1 of the present application is a set of boxes whose outer shell is composed of a support column 2f and a beam 2g and can be accommodated in a nested structure. Then, when the set of boxes is erected substantially vertically, the upper surface 2c of the outer box is open, and there is a device 2b capable of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box by the lifting machine 6. ing. It also has a support 2i that supports the protruding inner box.
The inner side surface 2d of the box has a structure that engages with the floor material 3a so that the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface. The inside of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be laid in a substantially horizontal and removable manner by engaging with the floor material.

A construction worker enters the inside of a set of boxes and manually rotates and moves the side floor materials in order from the bottom with a hinge device to construct a substantially horizontal scaffolding floor 5a, and rotates and moves the stairs member 3b diagonally. Scaffolding can be built up to the top of a set of boxes in sequence by the method of building the stairs. Further, the floor material can be rotationally moved to the outside of the box and connected to the beams of the adjacent set of boxes to construct a substantially horizontal scaffolding floor 5a.
By adopting a set of boxes of the present application, it is possible to carry (unload) columns, beams, scaffolding floors, stairs, braces, handrails, etc. to the use position in a short time using a lifting machine. Therefore, it is not necessary to carry the various members upward. In addition, the installation work of scaffolding floors and the like is also safe because a part of the floor is connected to the beam by a hinge device, so that accidents such as falling can be prevented. (Contributing to shortening the construction period and saving labor)
The procedure for removing the scaffolding set of the present application can be performed by reversing the assembly procedure. From above, the scaffolding floor, stairs, etc. are stored (mounted) on the side of the box and descended downward. After installing the lifting equipment of the lifting machine, after the worker leaves the scaffolding while storing the minimum necessary stairs etc. on the side of the box, lift it with the lifting machine and store a set of boxes in a nested manner. The removal work can be completed by loading it on the transport truck.

<Example 5>
FIG. 5 shows a set of boxes in which a fixed pulley is mounted above any of the boxes of the present invention in the case where a rope and a pulley are adopted as the force transmission method of the small lifting machine. It is a figure explaining. The figure is easy to understand and illustrated, and explains how the three boxes of the nested outer box, intermediate box, and inner box move by the external lifter, pulley, and rope. It is a schematic and perspective view, omitting the display of the scaffolding material and the structure of the box.
Figure A is a diagram in which the arrangement of pulleys is arranged in an easy-to-see manner from the front. FIG. B is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the positional relationship between the pulley and the box. Figure C is an illustration showing a state in which the inner box and the intermediate box are projected from the outer box using a lifting machine and a pulley.
Here, a method of raising the box inside the nested structure will be described, assuming that there is no force loss due to the pulleys and ropes. Here, raising the inner box and projecting the inner box have the same meaning.
A small lifting machine (winch, etc.) is fixed to the outer box or the base on the outside of the outer box. A fixed pulley A is arranged above the outer box. The fixed pulley B is arranged below the intermediate box and the fixed pulley C is arranged above. Below the inner box is a fixing device D that fixes one end of the rope. The rope is wired in the order of various devices A, B, C, D from the small lifting machine which is a rope pulling device.

The procedure for raising the inner box using a pulley is described below. Here, it is premised that the strength of the rope, the pulley and the lift stop device can support the inner box and the intermediate box.
(1) When the rope is pulled by a small lifting machine, the rope is first pulled and approached between C and D by a pulling force larger than the weight of the inner box. Since C never goes down, D goes up. Since D is fixed to the inner box, that is, the inner box rises. The tensile force (first stage tensile force) at that time is the same as the resultant force of the weight of the inner box and the slight frictional resistance between the boxes.
(2) When the inner box rises and the rise-preventing device on the outer surface of the inner box abuts on the rise-stopping device on the inner surface of the intermediate box, the inner box cannot be raised any further by the first-stage tensile force. In this state, the support 1 can be made to function to fix the movement between the inner box and the intermediate box.
(3) When the tensile force is further increased, the space between A and B is then attracted and approaches. Since A never goes down, B's pulley rises and approaches A. Since the pulley of B is fixed to the intermediate box, that is, the intermediate box rises. The tensile force (second stage tensile force) at this time is the resultant force of the weights of the inner box and the intermediate box and the frictional force between the boxes. Here, the fixed pulley B is a fixed pulley fixed to the intermediate box, but since the fixed pulley B moves integrally with the intermediate box, it has the same function as the moving pulley.
(4) When the intermediate box rises and the ascending stop device on the outer surface of the intermediate box abuts on the ascending stop device on the inner surface of the outer box, the ascending of the inner box and the intermediate box due to the second stage tensile force is stopped. By operating the support 2 in this state and fixing the movement between the intermediate box and the outer box, the inner box of the set of boxes can be projected.
(5) Even in the case of a scaffolding for a set of boxes with multiple intermediate boxes, by increasing the number of pulleys and lift stop devices, multiple intermediate boxes can be used in the same steps as above, in order from the inner box of the nested structure. It is possible to raise the box.
(6) The method of returning a set of nested boxes to the nested state is to apply a tensile force to the rope again using a lifting machine (pull the rope slightly) and apply the load of the inner box and the intermediate box with the rope. After releasing the functions of the support 1 and the support 2 in the received state, the pulling force of the rope is weakened and the rope is unwound, so that the intermediate box and the inner box can be gradually stored inside the outer box. ..

FIG. 6 is a perspective and schematic explanatory view when a fixed pulley fixed to an outer box, a base, or the like is installed at the position of the small lifting machine of FIG. The end of the rope can be oriented in any direction depending on the orientation of the fixed pulley. It is possible to construct a scaffold consisting of many sets of boxes of the present application one by one using one winch and an extension rope, and it can be constructed at low cost. It is also possible to pull the rope with a crane, which is an advantageous way to use the lifting machine when the sky is blocked inside the building and the crane cannot be used.

When the load of a set of boxes of the present application is large, it is possible to reduce the load of the rope, the pulley and the lifting machine by adopting a plurality of sets of the rope and the pulley. Further, it is possible to reduce the tensile force of the rope by half or more by adopting a multi-pulley between the fixed pulleys A to B and the rope fixing device D.

When constructing a new building, if there is a high scaffolding on the outer circumference from the beginning, it will be an obstacle to the construction work of the main body. In addition, the scaffolding cannot be connected to the building, so there is a risk that the scaffolding will tilt. In such a field situation, it is necessary to gradually increase the height of the scaffolding according to the progress of the height of the building. In such a case, it is costly to charter the crane each time to raise the scaffolding of the set of the present application. If an inexpensive small lifting machine (winch) is prepared at the site and a set of scaffolding with a fixed pulley mounted on the box of the present application is adopted each time, the method of raising the inner box for each layer is adopted. It is possible to raise the scaffolding level by level inexpensively and safely. In this case, it is necessary to be able to install supports for each level.

<Example 6>
FIG. 7 is a procedural diagram illustrating a method of constructing a scaffold using a set of boxes having a nested structure of the present application described above.
FIG. A is a diagram showing a state in which a set of boxes 1 housed in a nested structure is transported by truck to a construction site at a factory or a temporary yard. Since the scaffolding material (floor material 3a, etc.) is attached to the side surface of the nested box, the work can be done in a very short time by loading and unloading the truck for each set of boxes.
FIG. B shows the work situation of a process in which a set of boxes 1 housed in a nested structure carried in is installed substantially vertically on a pedestal 2a using a lifting machine 6. If the pedestal has a height adjustment function, it is a very easy task.
Figure C shows the process of lifting the inner box upward from the outer box of a set of boxes with a lifting machine (protruding the inner box from the outer box), and showing the work of raising the scaffolding. Represents.
In this state, the support 2i is inserted between the bottom surface of the inner box and the beam of the outer box, and the hanger of the lifting machine is lowered to support the inner box protruding from the outer box with the support 2i. Can be done. In this process, a set of nested box stanchions and beams act as structural materials for the high scaffolding. (This work process is performed for each box in the order of the large box to the small box of the inner box of the nested structure, or by installing the above-mentioned rise stop device 2j between the inner box and the outer box. , By lifting the inner box, it is also possible to connect and lift the outer box.)
Although the support 2i represents a steel pipe in the figure, the support may have a different form. In addition, as the scaffolding becomes higher, it is necessary to take measures to prevent falls such as wall joints, restraints, and tie ropes.
FIG. D shows a work process in which a worker removes the floor material 3a attached to the side surface 2d of the box and lays the removed floor material substantially horizontally to construct the scaffolding floor 5a.
In the box set of the present application, the distance between the columns and the distance between the beams in the horizontal direction are arranged to be approximately 2 m or less, and the scaffolding floor can be placed on the beams to easily make a safe work floor. In addition, since the distance between the beams in the height direction is also approximately 2 m or less, the scaffolding floor can be constructed in an easy-to-use (height within the reach of workers) layers every 2 m or less.
When the construction of this scaffolding floor is completed, carpenters, painters, plumbers, and other scaffolding craftsmen who are unfamiliar with the scaffolding can enter and work on the scaffolding.

It is a figure explaining the support and the beam of the outer shell of a set of boxes of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the support and the beam of the outer shell of a set of boxes of another form of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the sliding device between columns of a set of boxes of this invention. It is a figure explaining the arrangement of the flooring material and the like of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the set of the box of this application when the fixed pulley is mounted on the upper part of the box. It is explanatory drawing of the set of boxes of this application in the case of adopting a fixed pulley outside the outer box. It is a figure explaining the scaffolding construction method using a set of boxes of the present invention.

1: A set of boxes of the present application 1a: Outer box
1b: Intermediate box 1c: Inner box 1d: Inside the box 2: Each part of the box 2a: Pedestal 2b: Suspension device 2c: Top surface of the box 2d: Side surface of the box 2e: Bottom surface of the box 2f: Support
2g: Beam 2h1: Sliding device between columns
2h2: Another form of inter-post slipping device 2i: Support 2j: Lifting stop device 2k: Detachable beam 2l: Upper side additional cross beam 3: Scaffolding member 3a: Floor material 3b: Stairs member 3c: Hinge device 3d: Claw Device 3e: Handrail material 3f: Wall connecting 3g: Oblique material 4: Rope 4a: Fixed pulley above the box 4b: Fixed pulley below the box 4c: Small lifting machine (rope pulling device)
4d: Rope fixing device
5: Scaffolding 5a: Scaffolding floor 6: Lifting machine 7: Base

In order to solve the above problems, a set of boxes constituting the scaffold of the present invention and a scaffold construction method are as follows.
As shown in FIG. 1, the set of boxes constituting the scaffolding of the present invention is
The outer shell is a set of boxes that consists of columns 2f and beams 2g and fits in a nested structure.
When the set of boxes was erected almost vertically, the upper surface of the outer box was open.
It has a device 2b capable of projecting the inner boxes 1b and 1c upward from the outer boxes 1a and 1b with a lifting machine.
It has a support 2i that supports the protruding inner box,
It is a set of boxes characterized in that the floor material 3a is mounted inside the box.
Also, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4,
The inner side surface of the box has a structure in which the floor material can be detachably attached along the side surface of the box by engaging with the floor material 3a.
The inside of the box is a set of boxes characterized by having a structure in which the end portion of the floor material can be detachably laid on a beam that engages with the floor material and arranges the floor material in a substantially horizontal direction . be.
Also, as shown in FIG.
Between the support 2f of the outer box and the support 2f of the inner box,
It is a set of boxes characterized by having a support slip device composed of plates 2h1 or 2h2 long in the vertical direction.
Also, as shown in FIG.
When a winch is used as a lifting machine, it is a set of boxes characterized in that a fixed pulley is mounted above one of the boxes in a set of boxes in combination with a rope.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7,
Using a set of boxes as described above,
The process of installing a set of boxes 1 in a nested structure approximately vertically,
The process of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with the lifting machine 6 and
The process of supporting the protruding inner box with the support tool 2i,
It is a scaffolding construction method characterized by having a step of removing the flooring material 3a attached to the side surface of the box and a step of laying the removed flooring material substantially horizontally to construct the scaffolding floor 5a.

Claims (5)

The outer shell is a set of boxes consisting of columns and beams that fit into a nested structure.
When the set of boxes was erected almost vertically, the upper surface of the outer box was open.
It has a device that can project the inner box upward from the outer box with a lifting machine.
Has a support to support the protruding inner box,
A set of boxes characterized by having flooring inside the box. The inner side surface of the box has a structure that engages with the floor material and allows the floor material to be detachably attached along the side surface.
The set of boxes according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the box has a structure capable of engaging with the floor material and laying the floor material substantially horizontally and detachably. Between the stanchions of the outer box and the stanchions of the inner box,
The set of boxes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inter-post slip device composed of vertically long plates is provided. The set of boxes according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a fixed pulley is mounted above any of the boxes of the set of boxes. Using a set of boxes according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4,
The process of installing a set of boxes in a nested structure almost vertically,
The process of projecting the inner box upward from the outer box with a lifting machine,
The process of supporting the protruding inner box with a support, and
Remove the flooring attached to the side of the box and
A scaffolding construction method characterized by having a process of constructing a scaffolding floor by laying the removed flooring material substantially horizontally.

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