JP2022032225A - Construction formation method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、築造物形成方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for forming a structure.
河川の堤防や、地盤の高さを上げる土盛り部分や、地盤改良のために地中に埋設された地盤改良構造物といった築造物が地盤の上または中に築造される。築造物は目的に応じて必要な強度まで固くする必要がある。従来、例えば特許文献１に開示されているように、地盤に形成された穴にセメント系固化材を含む材料を投入して固めることにより非常に固い築造物を形成する方法がある。 Structures such as river embankments, earthen parts that raise the height of the ground, and ground improvement structures buried in the ground for ground improvement are built on or in the ground. The structure needs to be hardened to the required strength according to the purpose. Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, there is a method of forming a very hard structure by putting a material containing a cement-based solidifying material into a hole formed in the ground and hardening the material.
しかしながら、セメント系固化材を使用して築造物を形成すると、築造物から六価クロムが地中に流出することによる環境への影響が懸念される。また、例えば築造物が不要となった場合、環境への配慮、次の工事のしやすさといった観点から、セメント系固化材を使用して形成した築造物は撤去する必要がある。撤去には多大なコストと労力が必要とされる。そこで、環境への影響の懸念が少なく、撤去の必要性の少ない築造物が求められる。 However, when a structure is formed using a cement-based solidifying material, there is concern about the environmental impact caused by the outflow of hexavalent chromium from the structure into the ground. In addition, for example, when a structure is no longer needed, it is necessary to remove the structure formed by using a cement-based solidifying material from the viewpoint of consideration for the environment and ease of the next construction. Removal requires a great deal of cost and effort. Therefore, there is a need for a structure that has less concern about the impact on the environment and has less need for removal.
本発明の目的のうちの１つは、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成する築造物形成方法を提供することである。 One of the objects of the present invention is a method for forming a structure, which achieves the strength required for the structure, has less concern about the environment, and has less need for removal at the time of leaving. To provide.
第１の態様の築造物形成方法は、水を含有する土と、粉体粘土と、生石灰とを混合することによりセメント系固化材を含まない混合材料を用意することと、混合材料を成形することと、混合材料を固化することと、を含む、築造物形成方法である。 The method for forming a structure according to the first aspect is to prepare a mixed material containing no cement-based solidifying material by mixing water-containing soil, powdered clay, and quicklime, and to form the mixed material. It is a method of forming a structure, including solidifying a mixed material.
第１の態様によれば、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成することができる。セメント系固化材を含めずに、粉体粘土と生石灰とを含む混合材料を使用して築造物を形成するので、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成した場合でも、セメント系固化材を含む場合に比べると築造物が固くなりすぎない。そのため、不要になった後に築造物を残置しても、後の地盤利用に影響を与えにくいので、撤去の必要性が少なくなる。 According to the first aspect, it is possible to form a structure with less environmental concern and less need for removal at the time of leaving while achieving the strength required for the structure. Since the structure is formed using a mixed material containing powdered clay and quicklime without including the cement-based solidifying material, the cement-based solidifying material is included even when the strength required for the building is achieved. The structure is not too hard compared to the case. Therefore, even if the structure is left behind after it is no longer needed, it is unlikely to affect the subsequent use of the ground, and the need for removal is reduced.
第２の態様の築造物形成方法は、混合材料を固化することが、混合材料内の水と生石灰とが反応して消石灰が生じる反応により、混合材料内の水を減らすことと、反応の熱による水の蒸発により混合材料内の水をさらに減らすことにより、粉体粘土を含む混合材料の粒子間の結合を強くすることとを含む、第１の態様に記載の築造物形成方法である。 In the second aspect of the structure forming method, the solidification of the mixed material reduces the amount of water in the mixed material by the reaction of the water in the mixed material with the ready lime to generate evaporative lime, and the heat of the reaction. The method for forming a structure according to the first aspect, which comprises strengthening the bond between particles of the mixed material containing powdered clay by further reducing the amount of water in the mixed material by evaporation of water.
第２の態様によれば、混合材料内の水と生石灰との反応により、粉体粘土を含む混合材料の粒子間の結合を強くすることができるので、必要とされる強度をもつ強固な築造物を形成することができる。反応により生じた消石灰は、築造物の隙間を埋めて築造物を強固にする役割を果たす。従来は、築造物の材料に粘土を含めると築造物が弱くなるおそれがあるという理由から粘土の使用が避けられるが、本態様によれば、水を吸収可能な状態の粉体粘土を使用し、さらに生石灰と水との反応により粉体粘土に吸収された水を急速に抜いて、従来とは逆に、必要とされる強度をもつ強固な築造物を作成することができる。 According to the second aspect, the reaction between water in the mixed material and quicklime can strengthen the bond between the particles of the mixed material including the powdered clay, so that a strong construction having the required strength can be achieved. Can form objects. The slaked lime produced by the reaction fills the gaps in the structure and plays a role in strengthening the structure. Conventionally, the use of clay has been avoided because the inclusion of clay in the material of the structure may weaken the structure, but according to this embodiment, powder clay that can absorb water is used. Furthermore, the water absorbed in the powder clay can be rapidly drained by the reaction between the fresh lime and water, and contrary to the conventional case, a strong structure having the required strength can be created.
第３の態様の築造物形成方法は、混合材料を固化することにより形成される築造物が、地盤に直接接するように形成され、混合材料に含まれる土が、築造物の形成される地盤から採取されたものである、第１の態様または第２の態様に記載の築造物形成方法である。 In the third aspect of the structure forming method, the structure formed by solidifying the mixed material is formed so as to be in direct contact with the ground, and the soil contained in the mixed material is formed from the ground on which the structure is formed. The structure forming method according to the first aspect or the second aspect, which is collected.
第３の態様によれば、築造物の形成される地盤から採取された土が使用されるので、築造物を残置しても、後の地盤利用に影響を与えにくく、撤去の必要性を少なくできる。 According to the third aspect, since the soil collected from the ground on which the structure is formed is used, even if the structure is left behind, it does not easily affect the subsequent use of the ground and the need for removal is reduced. can.
第４の態様の築造物形成方法は、混合材料を成形することと、混合材料を固化することとが繰り返し実行されることにより、混合材料が層状に積み重ねられて段階的に築造物が形成される、第１の態様から第３の態様のいずれか一つに記載の築造物形成方法である。 In the method for forming a structure of the fourth aspect, the mixed materials are repeatedly executed by forming the mixed material and solidifying the mixed material, so that the mixed materials are stacked in layers to form a structure step by step. The structure forming method according to any one of the first aspect to the third aspect.
第４の態様によれば、混合材料が層状に積み重ねられて段階的に築造物が形成されるので、築造物の中まで十分に固くしながら、比較的大きな築造物を形成することができる。 According to the fourth aspect, since the mixed materials are stacked in layers to form a structure in stages, it is possible to form a relatively large structure while sufficiently hardening the inside of the structure.
第５の態様の築造物形成方法は、混合材料を固化することにより、地盤を高くする築造物と地盤の強度を強くする築造物との少なくとも一方が形成される、第１の態様から第４の態様のいずれか一つに記載の築造物形成方法である。 In the method for forming a structure according to the fifth aspect, at least one of a structure that raises the ground and a structure that increases the strength of the ground is formed by solidifying the mixed material, from the first aspect to the fourth. The structure forming method according to any one of the above embodiments.
第５の態様によれば、地盤を高くする築造物と地盤の強度を強くする築造物との少なくとも一方の形成において、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成することができる。 According to the fifth aspect, there is less concern about the environment while achieving the strength required for the structure in the formation of at least one of the structure that raises the ground and the structure that strengthens the ground. , It is possible to form a structure with less need for removal when left behind.
本発明によれば、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to form a structure having less concern about the environment and less need for removal at the time of leaving while achieving the strength required for the structure.
（築造物形成方法）
図１のフロー図を参照して一実施形態の築造物形成方法について説明する。築造物として、例えば、河川の堤防として利用される固い築造物、地盤を高くする固い土盛り部分（例えば、建築物を建てるための土台）、地盤の強度を強くするために地中に埋設された地盤改良構造物、穴を埋める部材が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。本実施形態では、築造物は地表から上方に向かって形成されるもの、地表から地中に向かって形成されるものを例示する。
(Building formation method)
A method of forming a structure according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the flow chart of FIG. As a structure, for example, a hard structure used as a river embankment, a hard earthen part that raises the ground (for example, a base for building a building), and buried in the ground to increase the strength of the ground. Examples include, but are not limited to, ground improvement structures and members that fill holes. In the present embodiment, the structure is exemplified as one formed upward from the ground surface and one formed from the ground surface toward the ground.
まず、ステップＳ１１において、水分を含む土と、実質的に水分を含まない粉体粘土と、粉体状の生石灰とを混合することによりセメント系固化材を含まない混合材料を用意する。 First, in step S11, a mixed material containing no cement-based solidifying material is prepared by mixing soil containing water, powder clay having substantially no water content, and powdered quicklime.
一例において、土の含水率は、粉体粘土および生石灰に水を提供することができる程度であって、過剰に柔らかくならない程度である。粉体粘土および生石灰に水を提供するため、土の含水率は、約８０％以上であることが好ましく、一例において約９０％～約８０％、約８５％～約８０％、または約８０％である。一例において、充填前に形成された混合材料には、土に含まれる水分以外に外部から水が添加されない。土は、築造物が築造される地盤から採取された現地土を含んでよい。 In one example, the moisture content of the soil is such that it can provide water to the powder clay and quicklime and does not become excessively soft. In order to provide water to the powder clay and quicklime, the water content of the soil is preferably about 80% or more, in one example about 90% to about 80%, about 85% to about 80%, or about 80%. Is. In one example, water is not added to the mixed material formed before filling other than the water contained in the soil. The soil may include local soil taken from the ground on which the structure is built.
一例において、土を除いた混合材料の粒径は０ｍｍより大きく２ｍｍ以下である。一例において、粉体粘土の粒径は好ましくは５μｍ以下、３．９μｍ未満、または２μｍ以下であるがこれらに限定されない。粉体粘土および生石灰は外部から水を吸収可能な程度に十分に乾燥している。一例において、混合材料は、粒径が均一ではない砂を含んでもよい。砂は主として粉体粘土より粒径が大きい。 In one example, the particle size of the mixed material excluding soil is larger than 0 mm and 2 mm or less. In one example, the particle size of the powder clay is preferably 5 μm or less, less than 3.9 μm, or 2 μm or less, but is not limited thereto. Powdered clay and quicklime are sufficiently dry to absorb water from the outside. In one example, the mixed material may include sand of non-uniform particle size. Sand is mainly larger in particle size than powder clay.
次に、ステップＳ１２において、混合材料を成形する。成形の際には、混合材料中の水分や気泡が排出するように、例えば「こて」のような部材により塗りつけるようにして、混合材料を締め固めて、混合材料を高密度に圧縮することが望ましい。一例において、パワーショベル等の機械又は工具により力を加えることにより外形を整えながら、混合材料を締め固めてもよい。 Next, in step S12, the mixed material is molded. During molding, the mixed material is compacted and compressed at high density by applying it with a member such as a "trowel" so that moisture and air bubbles in the mixed material are discharged. Is desirable. In one example, the mixed material may be compacted while adjusting the outer shape by applying a force with a machine such as a power shovel or a tool.
一例において、河川の堤防となる築造物を形成する場合、または、地盤の高さを高くする築造物を形成する場合、パワーショベル等の機械又は工具により力を加えることにより外形を整えながら、混合材料の高さを徐々に上げていく。一例において、地盤を強化するための円筒状の築造物を形成する場合、回転するオーガーで締め固めながら穴内に混合材料を充填する。 In one example, when forming a structure that becomes a river embankment, or when forming a structure that raises the height of the ground, mixing while adjusting the outer shape by applying force with a machine or tool such as a power shovel. Gradually raise the height of the material. In one example, when forming a cylindrical structure to reinforce the ground, the holes are filled with mixed material while compacting with a rotating auger.
次に、ステップＳ１３において、混合材料を固化させる。混合材料中の生石灰が混合材料の土中の水分と反応して消石灰になる。生石灰が消石灰になる過程で熱が発生する（一例において発火する）ので、混合材料が非常に高温となる。発生した熱により、混合材料中の粘土が他の材料とともに焼き固められたような状態となり、混合材料の材料が相互に強固に結びつく。このようにして混合材料が固化して、必要とされる強度をもつ強固な築造物となる。例えば地盤改良のために地中に形成される柱状の築造物の場合、地盤よりある程度大きいＮ値（強度）が必要とされる。例えば地盤の穴の埋め戻しのための築造物の場合、穴の周辺の地盤のＮ値であって穴のいずれかの深さにおけるＮ値と等しいＮ値が必要とされる。 Next, in step S13, the mixed material is solidified. Quicklime in the mixed material reacts with the moisture in the soil of the mixed material to become slaked lime. Since heat is generated (ignited in one example) in the process of quicklime becoming slaked lime, the mixed material becomes very hot. The generated heat causes the clay in the mixed material to be baked together with other materials, and the materials of the mixed material are firmly bonded to each other. In this way, the mixed material solidifies into a strong structure with the required strength. For example, in the case of a columnar structure formed in the ground for ground improvement, an N value (strength) that is somewhat larger than that of the ground is required. For example, in the case of a structure for backfilling a hole in the ground, an N value that is the N value of the ground around the hole and equal to the N value at any depth of the hole is required.
一旦、粉体粘土が水分を吸収して流動性をもった粘土となるので、混合材料の材料間の隙間が高密度に粘土で埋められる。そのため発熱により固まったときに空隙が非常に少ない築造物が形成される。発生した消石灰は築造物の空隙を埋める。混合材料に粒径が均一ではない砂が混ぜられている場合、混合材料を構成する材料間の隙間を小さくすることができる。さらに、混合材料に粉体粘土が含まれているので、混合材料を構成する材料間の隙間をさらに小さくすることができる。 Once the powder clay absorbs water and becomes a clay with fluidity, the gaps between the mixed materials are filled with clay at high density. Therefore, when it hardens due to heat generation, a structure with very few voids is formed. The generated slaked lime fills the voids in the structure. When sand having a non-uniform particle size is mixed in the mixed material, the gap between the materials constituting the mixed material can be reduced. Further, since the mixed material contains powder clay, the gap between the materials constituting the mixed material can be further reduced.
混合材料に現地土を混合した場合、築造物が現地土に近い組成となり、環境に影響を与えにくくすることができる。セメント系固化材を含まないので六価クロムの溶出を防ぎ、環境に優しい築造物を形成することができる。地盤の穴に混合材料を充填して築造物を形成する場合は消石灰が地盤を安定化することができる。 When local soil is mixed with the mixed material, the composition of the structure is close to that of the local soil, and it is possible to reduce the impact on the environment. Since it does not contain a cement-based solidifying material, it is possible to prevent the elution of hexavalent chromium and form an environmentally friendly structure. Slaked lime can stabilize the ground when the holes in the ground are filled with mixed materials to form structures.
一例において、ステップＳ１２において混合材料を成形することと、ステップＳ１３において混合材料を固化させることとが繰り返し実行されてよい。例えば、まず、ある高さまで築造物の一部を形成し、次に、形成された部分の上に重ねてさらに築造物の一部を形成してよい。すなわち、層状に段階的に築造物を形成してもよい。 In one example, molding the mixed material in step S12 and solidifying the mixed material in step S13 may be performed repeatedly. For example, a part of the structure may be formed first up to a certain height, and then a part of the structure may be further formed by superimposing it on the formed part. That is, the structure may be formed stepwise in layers.
一例において、環境に悪影響を与えにくいという利点を考えると、本実施形態の築造物形成方法は地盤に直接接するように形成され、混合材料に含まれる土が築造物の形成される地盤から採取されたものであることが望ましい。築造物の形成される地盤とは築造物の直下の地盤、または直下の地盤と同じ地質の築造物の周辺地盤を含む。 In one example, considering the advantage that it does not adversely affect the environment, the structure forming method of the present embodiment is formed so as to be in direct contact with the ground, and the soil contained in the mixed material is collected from the ground on which the structure is formed. It is desirable that it is a new one. The ground on which a structure is formed includes the ground directly under the structure or the surrounding ground of the structure having the same geology as the ground directly under the structure.
（まとめ）
本実施形態によれば、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成することができる。セメント系固化材を含めずに、粉体粘土と生石灰とを含む混合材料を使用して築造物を形成するので、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成した場合でも、セメント系固化材を含む場合に比べると築造物が固くなりすぎない。そのため、不要になった後に築造物を残置しても、後の地盤利用に影響を与えにくいので、撤去の必要性が少なくなる。
(summary)
According to the present embodiment, it is possible to form a structure having less concern about the environment and less need for removal at the time of leaving while achieving the strength required for the structure. Since the structure is formed using a mixed material containing powdered clay and quicklime without including the cement-based solidifying material, the cement-based solidifying material is included even when the strength required for the building is achieved. The structure is not too hard compared to the case. Therefore, even if the structure is left behind after it is no longer needed, it is unlikely to affect the subsequent use of the ground, and the need for removal is reduced.
本実施形態によれば、混合材料内の水と生石灰との反応により、粉体粘土を含む混合材料の粒子間の結合を強くすることができるので、必要とされる強度をもつ強固な築造物を形成することができる。反応により生じた消石灰は、築造物の隙間を埋めて築造物を強固にする役割を果たす。従来は、築造物の材料に粘土を含めると築造物が弱くなるおそれがあるという理由から粘土の使用が避けられるが、本態様によれば、水を吸収可能な状態の粉体粘土を使用し、さらに生石灰と水との反応により粉体粘土に吸収された水を急速に抜いて、従来とは逆に、必要とされる強度をもつ強固な築造物を作成することができる。 According to this embodiment, the reaction between water in the mixed material and quicklime can strengthen the bond between the particles of the mixed material including powdered clay, so that a strong structure having the required strength can be strengthened. Can be formed. The slaked lime produced by the reaction fills the gaps in the structure and plays a role in strengthening the structure. Conventionally, the use of clay has been avoided because the inclusion of clay in the material of the structure may weaken the structure, but according to this embodiment, powder clay that can absorb water is used. Furthermore, the water absorbed in the powder clay can be rapidly drained by the reaction between the fresh lime and water, and contrary to the conventional case, a strong structure having the required strength can be created.
本実施形態によれば、築造物の形成される地盤から採取された土が使用された場合、築造物を残置しても、後の地盤利用に影響を与えにくく、撤去の必要性を少なくできる。 According to the present embodiment, when the soil collected from the ground on which the structure is formed is used, even if the structure is left behind, it does not easily affect the subsequent ground use and the need for removal can be reduced. ..
本実施形態によれば、混合材料が層状に積み重ねられて段階的に築造物が形成された場合、築造物の中まで十分に固くしながら、比較的大きな築造物を形成することができる。 According to the present embodiment, when the mixed materials are stacked in layers to form a structure in stages, it is possible to form a relatively large structure while sufficiently hardening the inside of the structure.
地盤を高くする築造物と地盤の強度を強くする築造物との少なくとも一方の形成において、築造物に必要とされる強度を達成しながら、環境への懸念が少なく、残置時の撤去の必要性が少ない築造物を形成することができる。 In the formation of at least one of a structure that raises the ground and a structure that strengthens the ground, there is less concern about the environment while achieving the strength required for the structure, and the need for removal when left behind. It is possible to form a structure with few.
Claims (5)
前記混合材料を成形することと、
前記混合材料を固化することと、
を含む、築造物形成方法。 To prepare a mixed material that does not contain a cement-based solidifying material by mixing water-containing soil, powdered clay, and quicklime.
Molding the mixed material and
Solidifying the mixed material and
How to form a structure, including.
請求項１に記載の築造物形成方法。 The solidification of the mixed material reduces the amount of water in the mixed material by the reaction of water in the mixed material with fresh lime to produce slaked lime, and the mixing by evaporation of water due to the heat of the reaction. By further reducing the amount of water in the material, including strengthening the bonds between the particles of the mixed material, including powdered clay.
The structure forming method according to claim 1.
前記混合材料に含まれる土が、前記築造物の形成される地盤から採取されたものである、
請求項１または請求項２に記載の築造物形成方法。 The structure formed by solidifying the mixed material is formed so as to be in direct contact with the ground.
The soil contained in the mixed material is collected from the ground on which the structure is formed.
The structure forming method according to claim 1 or 2.
請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載の築造物形成方法。 By repeatedly performing the molding of the mixed material and the solidification of the mixed material, the mixed material is stacked in layers to form a structure stepwise.
The structure forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
請求項１から請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の築造物形成方法。 By solidifying the mixed material, at least one of a structure that raises the ground and a structure that increases the strength of the ground is formed.
The structure forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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