JP2022023046A - 細胞巨大分子の発現を調節する化合物のハイスループットスクリーニング - Google Patents
細胞巨大分子の発現を調節する化合物のハイスループットスクリーニング Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に用いる用語は、あくまで特定の実施形態を説明することを目的とするものであり、本発明を限定しようとする意図はない。本明細書で用いる場合、単数形「1つ(a)」、「1つ(a)」及び「その(the)」は、別途明示されていない限り、複数形も含むと見做される。更に、用語「含んでいる」、「含む」、「有している」、「有する」、「と一緒に」、又はこれらの変化形が、詳細な説明及び特許請求の範囲のいずれかで用いられている範囲まで、このような用語は、用語「備える」と同様の様式で、包括的であることを意味するものとする。
用語「化学発光化合物」は、化学反応に応答して発光することができるあらゆる化合物、組成物又は分子を含む。「生物発光化合物」は、化学発光化合物の天然に存在する形態を指す。化学発光化合物の例として、ルシゲニン、ルミノールなどがある。生物発光化合物の例としては、ルシフェリン、コエレンテラジンなどがある。化学発光化合物からの発光は、ルミノメータ又は走査型分光計によって検出することができる。
好ましい実施形態では、スクリーニングしようとするタンパク質若しくは所望の分子(「標的」)を含むサンプルを容器に導入する。一実施形態では、例えば、疾患若しくは障害の特徴を示す特定の分子をスクリーニングする、又は疾患若しくは障害を発症する危険性がある被検者を特定する場合、あるいは、疾患関連分子の量を改変する化合物をスクリーニングする場合、標的は既知の分子である。
別の好ましい実施形態では、アッセイすることができる標的分子の種類は、その形状、構造、及びそれをアッセイするのに用いる媒質によって限定されない。例えば、標的分子は、溶液中で遊離状態であってもよいし、インタクトな細胞の部分、透過処理済細胞、破砕細胞、細胞ホモジネート、膜、細胞小器官であってもよいし、ビーズに付着させても、ナノ粒子、脂質、カラム、ポリマー、プラスチック、ガラスなどに付着若しくは結合させもよい。いくつかの態様では、サンプルは、自由に浮動し、キュベット又は容器の表面に結合していない。分子の種類の例としては、限定するものではないが、タンパク質、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、核酸、ポリヌクレオチド、オリゴヌクレオチド、ペプチド核酸、糖タンパク質、炭水化物、有機若しくは無機分子、単離された天然分子、合成分子、小分子、又はこれらの組合せが挙げられる。
開発全体を通じてアッセイの質を評価するために、Z’ファクターを用いる(チャン JH(Zhang JH)ら、J Biomol Screen、1999年、4(2):67~73)。Z’ファクターは、アッセイシグナルダイナミックレンジ(正の対照の平均と負の対照の平均との差)及びシグナルの統計的変動性を統合し、0(低評価の質)~1(高評価の質)の範囲である。Z’値が高いほど、アッセイの頑健性も高くなり、0.5以上の値は優れたアッセイを示している。Z’=1-[3x(SDC++SDC-)/平均C+-平均C-)](式中、SDC+=正の対照(最大シグナル)の標準偏差、SDC-=負の対照(最小シグナル)の標準偏差、平均C+=正の対照の平均値、平均C-=負の対照の平均値)。
本明細書で具体化するアッセイは、目的のタンパク質に対する好適な結合親和性を有する化合物のハイスループットスクリーニングでの薬剤スクリーニングに好適である(例えば、ゲイセン(Geysen)ら、1984年、国際公開第84/03564号パンフレット参照)。この方法では、多数の異なる試験小化合物を固体支持体上に合成する。試験化合物を、同定した遺伝子、又はその断片と反応させた後、洗浄する。次に、本明細書で具体化する方法によって、結合分子を検出する。あるいは、非中性化抗体を用いて、ペプチドを捕捉し、これを固体支持体上に固定化してもよい。
一実施形態では、スクリーニングは、標的とリガンドとの複合体が形成されうる条件下で、各細胞培養物を、メンバー化合物(そのいくつかは標的のリガンド)の多様性ライブラリーと接触させるステップ、及び、このような複合体中に、ライブラリーのどのメンバーが存在するかを決定するステップを含む。別の非制限的態様では、スクリーニングは、酵素によって触媒される反応の産物若しくは反応体が、検出可能なシグナルを生成する条件下で、標的酵素を、メンバー化合物(そのいくつかは標的の阻害物質(又は活性化物質)である)の多様性ライブラリーと接触させるステップを含む。後者の態様では、標的酵素の阻害物質は、検出可能な産物からのシグナルを減少させるか、若しくは検出可能な反応体からのシグナルを増加させる(又は活性化物質については、その反対)。
特定の実施形態では、アッセイは、疾患若しくは障害を診断する方法を提供し、特定の疾患若しくは障害の特徴を示すマーカー若しくは分子を検出、定量するために、患者からの生体サンプルをスクリーニングするステップを含む。例えば、遺伝子マーカー、タンパク質マーカーなど。
別の好ましい実施形態では、患者からの生体サンプルをスクリーニングするステップ、特定の疾患若しくは障害の特徴を示すマーカー若しくは分子を検出するステップを含む、疾患若しくは障害を発症する危険性のある被検者を特定する方法。
本発明は更に、本明細書に記載する方法のいずれかを実施するのに十分な、必要な、又は有用な1つ以上の、又は全ての成分を含むシステム及びキット(例えば、市販の治療、診断、若しくは研究用製品、反応混合物など)も提供する。これらのシステム及びキットは、バッファー、検出/画像化成分、正/負の対照試薬、説明書、ソフトウエア、ハードウエア、パッケージ、又はその他の所望の成分を含みうる。
本明細書で具体化する方法によって特定された薬剤は、製剤化することができ、本発明の組成物を1つ以上の別の活性成分、医薬組成物、又はその他の化合物と一緒に投与してもよい。本発明の治療薬は、動物、好ましくは哺乳動物、最も好ましくはヒトに投与してよい。
用量:本明細書に開示する組成物の有効用量を、これを必要とする被検者に投与する。「治療に有効な量」又は「治療量」とは、測定可能な応答(例えば、治療中の被検者における生物学的又は臨床的に関連する応答)を起こすのに十分な治療組成物の量である。応答は、前述のように、例えば、サイトカインプロフィール、細胞型、細胞表面分子など、様々な方法で測定することができる。本明細書に開示する主題の組成物中の活性成分の実際投与レベルは、特定の被検者について所望の治療応答を達成するのに有効な活性化合物の量を投与するために変動しうる。選択した投与レベルは、治療組成物の活性、投与経路、他の薬剤若しくは治療との併用、治療しようとする状態の重症度、並びに治療しようとする被検者の状態及び以前の病歴に応じて変わりうる。しかし、所望の治療効果を達成するのに必要なレベルより低いレベルで、化合物の用量を開始し、所望の効果が達成されるまで、用量を徐々に増加することは、当業者によって容易に実施されることである。組成物の効力は、変動する可能性があり、従って、「治療有効量」も変動しうる。しかし、当業者であれば、本明細書に記載するアッセイを用いて、本明細書に記載する主題の候補化合物の効力及び効果を容易に評価し、それに応じて治療計画を調節することができる。
最良のリガンドペア分析。蛍光発色団に結合させたリガンドの1団を、細胞表面又は溶液中の標的に結合するそれらの能力について試験した。頑健な標的特異的シグナルを取得するリガンドを選択した。次に、リガンドを同時に添加した際、標的への結合に対する干渉の非存在を、体系的ペア形成(1つの標識「結合」リガンドを1つの非標識「干渉」リガンドと混合する)時に確認した。最後に、最良ペア分析を次のように実施した。すなわち、いずれか所与のリガンドペア組合せ(一方のリガンドは、ドナー発色団で標識し、他方は、アクセプター発色団で標識する、並びにその逆)によって発生したシグナルを、標的の濃度増加について測定し、最も強いシグナルを発生する標識リガンドペアを保持した。
384ウェルフォーマットにおけるアッセイを用いて、主にFDA承認薬を含む1280化合物のライブラリーである、米国医薬品コレクションをスクリーニングした。このライブラリーを20μM濃度でスクリーニングした。38の化合物が、スクリーニング閾値として選択した50%超のPrP発現低減を示した。次に、細胞生存能アッセイを用いて、ライブラリーをカウンタースクリーニングすることにより、毒性化合物を明らかにした。38の候補ヒットのうち9つが、10%未満毒性を呈示し、これらをヒットと見なした(図3)。従って、ヒット率は、0.7%であった。
[付記1]サンプル中の特定の標的分子を同定及び定量する方法において、標的分子との結合用に、検出可能な標識に結合された1つの第1のリガンド又は複数の第1のリガンド及び1つの第2のリガンド又は複数の第2のリガンドを試験及び選択するか、あるいは、標的分子との結合用に、検出可能な標識に結合された1つの第1のリガンド又は複数の第1のリガンド及び1つの第2のリガンド又は複数の第2のリガンドを選択し、(i)第1の検出可能な標識を有する第1のリガンド及び第2の検出可能な標識を有する第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、(ii)前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドの各々が特定の標的分子上の別々の特定の部位に結合するステップとを備えるが、(iii)洗浄ステップが省略されているハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイで前記特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルをスクリーニングし、前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが前記特定の標的分子に特異的に結合したときに放出される光を検出し、それによってサンプル中の前記特定の標的分子を同定及び定量することを備える、方法。
[付記3]前記光が、蛍光、化学発光、又は生物発光を含む、付記1に記載の方法。
[付記10]前記第1及び第2リガンドが、グリコサミノグリカン、ヘパラン硫酸又はコンドロイチン硫酸を含む糖部分である、付記8に記載の方法。
[付記13]前記標的分子は支持体表面に結合していない、付記11に記載の方法。
[付記15]前記アクセプター蛍光団がフェルスター半径によって定義される距離以下の距離だけ前記ドナー蛍光団から離れた位置にあるとき、励起が前記アクセプター蛍光団に移動される、付記11に記載の方法。
[付記21]前記第1及び第2リガンドは、ペプチドアプタマー又は核酸アプタマーである、付記20に記載の方法。
[付記23]前記方法は、フェルスター共鳴エネルギー移動(FRET)、生物発光共鳴エネルギー移動(BRET)、又は蛍光偏光アッセイを含むハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイである、付記11に記載の方法。
[付記26]候補治療化合物をスクリーニングする方法であって、ドナー蛍光団の励起に適した波長でのサンプルの照射とハイスループットアッセイによるアクセプター蛍光団の蛍光の測定とを可能にする容器に特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルを導入するステップと、前記サンプルと前記候補治療化合物とを接触させるステップと、前記標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第1のリガンドであって、前記ドナー蛍光団である第1蛍光団に連結している第1のリガンドを添加するステップと、前記第1のリガンドが結合するものとは別の、同じ標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第2のリガンドであって、前記アクセプター蛍光団である第2蛍光団に連結している第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、前記ドナー蛍光団を励起するのに最適な波長で、両リガンドに結合した標的分子を含有するサンプルを照射し、前記アクセプター蛍光団によって放射された光の強度を測定するステップと、対照に比べて前記標的分子の量を調節する化合物を選択し、それによって、候補化合物をスクリーニングするステップとを備える、方法。
[付記28]付記24又は26に記載の方法によって同定される化合物であって、標的分子の量を調節する化合物。
[付記31]疾患又は障害を診断する方法であって、付記1又は11に記載の方法によって、患者からの生体サンプルをスクリーニングするステップと、特定の疾患又は障害の特徴を示すマーカー若しくは分子を同定することおよび定量することのうちの少なくとも1つを含むステップと、前記疾患又は障害を診断するステップと、を備える、方法。
Claims (28)
- サンプル中の特定の標的分子を同定及び定量する方法において、
前記特定の標的分子との結合用に、検出可能な標識に結合された1つの第1のリガンド又は複数の第1のリガンド及び1つの第2のリガンド又は複数の第2のリガンドを試験及び選択するか、あるいは、前記特定の標的分子との結合用に、検出可能な標識に結合された1つの第1のリガンド又は複数の第1のリガンド及び1つの第2のリガンド又は複数の第2のリガンドを選択し、
(i)第1の検出可能な標識を有する第1のリガンド及び第2の検出可能な標識を有する第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、(ii)前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドの各々が前記特定の標的分子上の別々の特定の部位に結合するステップとを備えるが、(iii)洗浄ステップが省略されているハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイで前記特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルをスクリーニングし、
前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドは前記特定の標的分子のそれぞれが対応する特定の部位に特異的に結合したときに放出される光または発光減衰時間の短縮を検出し、それによってサンプル中の前記特定の標的分子を同定及び定量することを備え、
前記特定の標的分子は内在性の細胞分子である、方法。 - 前記検出可能な標識は、蛍光団、発光分子、酵素又は放射性核種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光が、蛍光、化学発光、又は生物発光を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが、抗体、抗体フラグメント、Fvフラグメント、一本鎖Fv(scFv)フラグメント、Fab’フラグメント、F(ab’)2フラグメント、ヒト化抗体及び抗体フラグメント、ラクダ化抗体及び抗体フラグメント、ヒト抗体及び抗体フラグメント、単一特異性抗体若しくは二重特異性抗体、ジスルフィド安定化Fvフラグメント、scFvタンデム((scFv)フラグメント)、ダイアボディ、トリボディ若しくはテトラボディ、ペプトイド、ペプチド若しくは核酸アプタマー、抗体模倣剤、又はこれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、フェルスター共鳴エネルギー移動(FRET)、生物発光共鳴エネルギー移動(BRET)、蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡法(FLIM)又は蛍光偏光アッセイを備えるハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子が、糖タンパク質、リポタンパク質、脂質、タンパク質断片、タンパク質、タンパク質断片群、ペプチド、ペプチド核酸、核酸、合成巨大分子または天然巨大分子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子はサンプル中に存在するものであり、当該サンプルが、液体、半液体、ゲル、生体サンプル、インタクト細胞、透過処理済細胞、破砕細胞、細胞ホモジネート、膜、又は細胞小器官を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが、ポリペプチド、抗体、抗体フラグメント、抗体模倣剤、一本鎖抗体、核酸、アプタマー、ペプトイド若しくは糖部分、又はこれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが、ペプチドアプタマー又は核酸アプタマーである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが、グリコサミノグリカン、ヘパラン硫酸又はコンドロイチン硫酸を含む糖部分である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- サンプル中の特定タンパク質を定量する方法であって、前記方法は、
ドナー蛍光団の励起に適した波長で前記サンプルが照射されることを可能にするとともにハイスループットアッセイによりアクセプター蛍光団の蛍光の測定を可能にする容器に、特定の標的分子を含有する前記サンプルを導入するステップと、
前記特定の標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第1のリガンドであって、前記ドナー蛍光団である第1蛍光団に連結している第1のリガンドを添加するステップと、
前記第1のリガンドが結合するものとは別の同じ特定の標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第2のリガンドであって、前記アクセプター蛍光団である第2蛍光団に連結している第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、
両リガンドに結合した前記特定の標的分子を含有する前記サンプルを前記ドナー蛍光団を励起するのに最適な波長で照射し、前記アクセプター蛍光団によって放射された光の強度または発光減衰時間の短縮を測定し、それによって前記特定タンパク質を定量するステップと、
を備え、
前記特定の標的分子は内在性の細胞分子である、方法。 - 前記放射された光の強度は時間分解蛍光測定によって測定される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記発光減衰時間の短縮は、蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡法(FLIM)によって測定される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子は支持体表面に結合していない、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記アクセプター蛍光団がフェルスター半径によって定義される距離以下の距離だけ前記ドナー蛍光団から離れた位置にあるとき、励起が前記アクセプター蛍光団に移動される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記容器は、前記ドナー蛍光団の波長での照射と前記アクセプター蛍光団の波長での測定とを可能にする、キュベット、マルチウェルプレート、チューブ、フラスコ、ディスク、ビーズ、バイアル、カセット、フローセル、カートリッジ、マイクロ流体チップ、又はこれらの組合せを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子が、糖タンパク質、リポタンパク質、脂質、タンパク質断片、タンパク質、ペプチド、ペプチド核酸、核酸、合成巨大分子または天然巨大分子を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子は、液体、半液体、ゲル、生体サンプル、インタクトな細胞、透過処理済細胞、破砕細胞、細胞ホモジネート、膜、又は細胞小器官を含むサンプル中に存在している、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子上の異なる非オーバーラップ部位であるエピトープに特異的に結合する前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドは、抗体若しくはエピトープ結合抗体フラグメント、一本鎖抗体、抗体模倣剤、ペプトイド、アプタマー、ポリペプチド又は核酸を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドは、ポリペプチド、アプタマー、ペプトイド若しくは糖部分、又はこれらの組合せを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドは、ペプチドアプタマー又は核酸アプタマーである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドは、グリコサミノグリカン、ヘパラン硫酸又はコンドロイチン硫酸を含む糖部分である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、フェルスター共鳴エネルギー移動(FRET)、生物発光共鳴エネルギー移動(BRET)、蛍光寿命イメージング顕微鏡法(FLIM)又は蛍光偏光アッセイを含むハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 候補治療化合物をスクリーニングする方法において、前記方法は、
(i)特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルを候補治療化合物に接触させるステップと、(ii)各々が第1の検出可能な標識及び第2の検出可能な標識を有する第1のリガンド及び第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、(iii)前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドの各々が前記特定の標的分子上の別々の特定の部位に結合するステップとを含むが、(iv)洗浄ステップが省略されているハイスループットスクリーニングアッセイで前記サンプルをスクリーニングし、
前記第1のリガンド及び前記第2のリガンドが前記特定の標的分子に特異的に結合したときに放射された光または発光減衰時間の短縮を検出し、
対照に比べて前記特定の標的分子の量を調節する化合物を選択し、
それによって、候補治療化合物をスクリーニングすること
を備え、
前記特定の標的分子は内在性の細胞分子である、方法。 - 前記候補治療薬は、前記放射された光または発光減衰時間の短縮によって測定されたときに、前記特定の標的分子の量、機能、活性又は発現を調節する、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 候補治療化合物をスクリーニングする方法であって、前記方法は、
ドナー蛍光団の励起に適した波長でのサンプルの照射とハイスループットアッセイによるアクセプター蛍光団の蛍光の測定とを可能にする容器に特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルを導入するステップと、
前記サンプルと前記候補治療化合物とを接触させるステップと、
前記特定の標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第1のリガンドであって、前記ドナー蛍光団である第1蛍光団に連結している第1のリガンドを添加するステップと、
前記第1のリガンドが結合するものとは別の、同じ特定の標的分子上の特定の部位に結合する第2のリガンドであって、前記アクセプター蛍光団である第2蛍光団に連結している第2のリガンドを添加するステップと、
前記ドナー蛍光団を励起するのに最適な波長で、両リガンドに結合した前記特定の標的分子を含有するサンプルを照射し、前記アクセプター蛍光団によって放射された光の強度または前記ドナー蛍光団の発光減衰時間の短縮を測定するステップと、
対照に比べて前記特定の標的分子の量を調節する化合物を選択し、
それによって、候補化合物をスクリーニングするステップと
を備え、
前記特定の標的分子は内在性の細胞分子である、方法。 - 前記候補治療薬は、前記放射された光または発光減衰時間の短縮によって測定されたときに、前記特定の標的分子の量、機能、活性又は発現を調節する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の標的分子は、インタクトな細胞によって内生的に産生されたものである、請求項1、11、24および26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US20170241984A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
ES2746929T3 (es) | 2020-03-09 |
EP2694964A4 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
AU2012239943A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US9612238B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
JP2024029153A (ja) | 2024-03-05 |
CA2832480A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
AU2012239943B2 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
US20140039156A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
JP2017134088A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
DK2694964T3 (da) | 2019-10-07 |
RU2013144610A (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
RU2612017C2 (ru) | 2017-03-01 |
WO2012139040A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
JP2014510926A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
JP2019164171A (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
EP2694964B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
CA2832480C (en) | 2022-05-31 |
EP2694964A1 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
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