JP2022022905A - Compound having fluorene skeleton - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a novel fluorene compound having a high refractive index and excellent solubility in solvent.SOLUTION: The present invention discloses a compound represented by formula (1) (where R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, L1 is an alkylene group, m1 and n1 are 0-4, m2 and n2 are 0-3, m1+m2≥1).SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a compound having a fluorene skeleton (hereinafter, also referred to as a fluorene compound).

In recent years, thermoplastic resin materials such as polycarbonate, polyester, and polyester carbonate made from alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by 9,9-bis (4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl) fluorene (BPEF) have been optically used. It is attracting attention as an optical member such as an optical lens and an optical sheet because of its excellent properties, heat resistance, and moldability.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a polycarbonate resin made from an alcohol having a BPEF skeleton. However, although there is a description that the refractive index of the polycarbonate resin using the alcohol is 1.64, further improvement of the above-mentioned characteristics is required with the rapid technological innovation in recent years. Therefore, with the aim of further increasing the refractive index, Patent Document 2 discloses a thermoplastic resin made from 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] fluorene as a raw material, and Patent Document 3 Although thermoplastic resins made from 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] -2,7-diphenylfluorene are disclosed, the resins described in these patent documents also have a refractive index. There is still room for improvement.

International Publication No. 2007/142149 JP-A-2017-1718885 International Publication No. 2019/151264

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fluorene compound having a high refractive index and excellent solubility in a solvent.

（式中、Ｒ^１は水素原子、ハロゲン原子または炭素数１～１２の芳香族基を含んでいてもよい炭化水素基を示し、Ｌ^１は炭素数１～１２のアルキレン基を示し、ｍ１およびｎ１は同一または異なる０～４の整数であり、ｍ２およびｎ２は同一または異なる０～３の整数であり、ｍ１＋ｍ２≧１である。ただし、ｍ１＋ｎ１は４以下の整数であり、ｍ２＋ｎ２は３以下の整数である。о１、о２はそれぞれ独立に０～５の整数でありＺ_１およびＺ_２は芳香族基を示す。）
《態様２》
前記式（１）で表される化合物が下記式（２）で表される化合物である、態様１に記載のフルオレン骨格を有する化合物。

（式中、Ｒ^２～Ｒ^１３はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子または炭素数１～１２の芳香族基を含んでいてもよい炭化水素基を示し、Ｌ^１、ｏ１、Ｚ_１、Ｚ_２は前記式（１）中の規定と同じである。）
《態様３》
前記式（２）で表される化合物が下記式（３）で表される化合物である、態様２に記載のフルオレン骨格を有する化合物。

（式中、Ｒ^２～Ｒ^１３、Ｌ^１、ｏ１は前記式（２）中の規定と同じである。）
《態様４》
前記式（３）で表される化合物が下記式（４）で表される９，９－ビス［６－（２－ヒドロキシエトキシ）－２－ナフチル］－２，７－ビス（３－（１－ナフチル）フェニル）フルオレンである、態様３に記載のフルオレン骨格を有する化合物。

《態様５》
前記式（１）～（４）のいずれかで表される化合物をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させた５重量％溶液のハーゼン単位色数（ＡＰＨＡ）が１００以下である、態様１～４のいずれかに記載のフルオレン骨格を有する化合物。
《態様６》
熱可塑性樹脂の原料として、態様１～５のいずれかに記載のフルオレン骨格を有する化合物を使用する方法。 The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by the present invention having the following aspects.
<< Aspect 1 >>
A compound having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (1).

(In the formula, R ¹ indicates a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, L ¹ indicates an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, m1 and n1 is an integer of 0 to 4 that is the same or different, m2 and n2 are integers of 0 to 3 that are the same or different, and m1 + m2 ≧ 1. However, m1 + n1 is an integer of 4 or less, and m2 + n2 is 3 or less. It is an integer. о1 and о2 are independently integers of ₀ to ₅ , and Z1 and Z2 indicate aromatic groups.)
<< Aspect 2 >>
The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to the first aspect, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound represented by the following formula (2).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ each independently indicate a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and L ¹ , o 1, Z ₁ , Z. ₂ is the same as the regulation in the above formula (1).)
<< Aspect 3 >>
The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to the second aspect, wherein the compound represented by the formula (2) is a compound represented by the following formula (3).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ , L ¹ , and o1 are the same as those specified in the above formula (2).)
<< Aspect 4 >>
The compound represented by the above formula (3) is represented by the following formula (4), 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1). -The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to aspect 3, which is naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene.

<< Aspect 5 >>
The Hazen unit color number (APHA) of a 5% by weight solution prepared by dissolving the compound represented by any of the formulas (1) to (4) in dimethylformamide is 100 or less, according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4. The compound having the described fluorene skeleton.
<< Aspect 6 >>
The method for using a compound having a fluorene skeleton according to any one of aspects 1 to 5 as a raw material for a thermoplastic resin.

The present invention can provide a novel fluorene compound having a high refractive index and excellent solubility in a solvent, and a high refractive index thermoplastic resin using the fluorene compound as a raw material.

（式中、Ｒ^１は水素原子、ハロゲン原子または炭素数１～１２の芳香族基を含んでいてもよい炭化水素基を示し、Ｌ^１は炭素数１～１２のアルキレン基を示し、ｍ１およびｎ１は同一または異なる０～４の整数であり、ｍ２およびｎ２は同一または異なる０～３の整数であり、ｍ１＋ｍ２≧１である。ただし、ｍ１＋ｎ１は４以下の整数であり、ｍ２＋ｎ２は３以下の整数である。о１、о２はそれぞれ独立に０～５の整数であり、Ｚ_１およびＺ_２は芳香族基を示す。） << Compound with fluorene skeleton >>
The novel fluorene compound in the present invention is represented by the following formula (1).

(In the formula, R ¹ indicates a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, L ¹ indicates an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, m1 and n1 is an integer of 0 to 4 that is the same or different, m2 and n2 are integers of 0 to 3 that are the same or different, and m1 + m2 ≧ 1. However, m1 + n1 is an integer of 4 or less, and m2 + n2 is 3 or less. It is an integer. о1 and о2 are independently integers of ₀ to ₅ , and Z1 and Z2 indicate aromatic groups.)

In the above formula (1), as a specific example of the two naphthalene rings substituted at the 9-position of the fluorene ring, a 1,4-naphthalenediyl group or a 2,6-naphthalenediyl group is preferable, and a 2,6-naphthalenediyl group is preferable. Is more preferable.

The two naphthalene rings substituted at the 9-position of the fluorene ring may be the same or different from each other, and it is more preferable that they are the same ring. The substituent of the naphthalene ring substituted at the 9-position of the fluorene skeleton is not particularly limited.

In the above formula (1), R ¹ represents a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a phenyl group is preferable.

In the above formula (1), examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R ¹ include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a naphthyl group, and an aralkyl group. Specific examples of the alkyl group include a C _1-6 alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group and a t-butyl group, a C _1-4 alkyl group and a C _1-3 alkyl group. Preferably, the C _1-3 alkyl group is more preferable, and among them, the methyl group and the ethyl group are further preferable.

As specific examples of the cycloalkyl group, a C _5-8 cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group, a C _5-6 cycloalkyl group and the like are preferable, and a C _5-6 cycloalkyl group is more preferable.

Further, as specific examples of the aryl group, a phenyl group, an alkylphenyl group (mono or dimethylphenyl group, tolyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, xsilyl group, etc.) and the like are preferable, and a phenyl group is more preferable.

Further, as a specific example of the aralkyl group, a C _6-10 aryl-C _1-4 alkyl group such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group can be preferably exemplified.

Further, as the halogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and the like are preferable.

In the above formula (1), L ¹ represents a divalent linking group, is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and is preferably an ethylene group. L ¹ may be the same alkylene group in the same naphthalene ring. Further, L ¹ may be the same or different from each other in different naphthalene rings, and is preferably the same.

In the above formula (1), m1 is an integer of 0 to 4, and is preferably 1. m2 is an integer of 0 to 3, and is preferably 0. n1 is an integer of 0 to 4, and is preferably 0. n2 is an integer of 0 to 3, and is preferably 0.

In the above formula (1), о1 and о2 are integers of 0 to 5, respectively, and are preferably 1. о1 and о2 may be the same or different in different naphthalene rings.

In the above formula (1), Z ₁ represents an aromatic group, preferably a phenylene group or a naphthalenediyl group, and more preferably a phenylene group. In the above formula (1), the binding position of Z ₁ which is a substituent of the fluorene skeleton is the 1st and 8th positions of the fluorene skeleton, the 2nd and 7th positions, the 3rd and 6th positions, or the 4th and 5th positions. 2nd and 7th, 3rd and 6th, or 4th and 5th are more preferable, and 2nd and 7th are even more preferable.

In the above formula (1), Z ₂ represents an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and more preferably a naphthyl group. If ring Z ₁ does not have a substituent, it is not preferable because it is inferior in solubility in various solvents used in the reaction and post-reaction treatment.

（式中、Ｒ^２～Ｒ^１３はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子または炭素数１～１２の芳香族基を含んでいてもよい炭化水素基を示す。Ｌ^１、ｏ１、Ｚ_１、Ｚ_２は前記式（１）中の規定と同じである。） Further, it is preferable that the compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound represented by the following formula (2).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ each independently indicate a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. L ¹ , o 1, Z ₁ , Z. ₂ is the same as the regulation in the above formula (1).)

（式中、Ｒ^２～Ｒ^１３、Ｌ^１、ｏ１は前記式（２）中の規定と同じである。） Further, it is more preferable that the compound represented by the formula (2) is a compound represented by the following formula (3).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ , L ¹ , and o1 are the same as those specified in the above formula (2).)

Specific examples of the compound having a fluorene skeleton represented by the above formula (1) include 9,9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (2- (1-naphthyl) phenyl. ) Fluorene, 9,9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl]- 2,7-Bis (4- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (2- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9 , 9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl] -2,7- Bis (4- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (2- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ) -2-Naphtyl] -2,7-bis (4- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis ( 2- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene, 9, Examples thereof include 9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (4- (2-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene.

In particular, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene represented by the following formula (4) is preferable.

The compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention preferably has a palladium element content of 50 ppm or less, more preferably 25 ppm or less, further preferably 10 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 5 ppm or less. ..

When the content of the palladium element is 50 ppm or less, the hue of the compound having a fluorene skeleton becomes good, which is preferable.

The compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention preferably has a Hazen unit color number (APHA) of 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and more preferably 30 or less in a 5% by weight solution dissolved in dimethylformamide. Is even more preferred. When APHA is 100 or less, the hue of the compound having a fluorene skeleton becomes good, which is preferable.

The compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention preferably has a refractive index of 1.71 or more, more preferably 1.72 or more, and even more preferably 1.73 or more. For the refractive index, a compound having a fluorene skeleton is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a predetermined concentration, and the refractive index of the solution at each concentration is measured by D-line refraction at 25 ° C. using a DR-M2 Abbe refractometer manufactured by ATAGO. The rate was measured, and the refractive index (nD) of the compound obtained by extrapolating the concentration to 100% from the measurement results of each concentration was used.

The compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention preferably has a sulfur element content of 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, further preferably 50 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 30 ppm or less. .. When the content of the sulfur element is 200 ppm or less, the hue of the compound having a fluorene skeleton becomes good, which is preferable.

The compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention preferably has a bromine element content of 150 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less, and even more preferably 20 ppm or less. When the content of the bromine element is 150 ppm or less, the hue of the compound having a fluorene skeleton becomes good, which is preferable.

[Method for producing a compound having a fluorene skeleton]
The method for producing the compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be produced by the following steps 1 to 3.

（式中、Ｘ^１は１位、２位、３位または４位の置換基であり、Ｘ^２は５位、６位、７位または８位の置換基であり、ハロゲン原子を示す。）

（式中、ｐ１およびｐ２は同一または異なって０～４の整数であり、Ｒ^１、ｎ１およびｎ２は前記式（１）中の規定と同じである。）

（式中、Ｒ^１、ｎ１およびｎ２は前記式（１）中の規定と同じであり、Ｘ^１およびＸ^２は前記式（５）中の規定と同じであり、ｐ１およびｐ２は前記式（６）中の規定と同じである。） Step 1: The fluorenones represented by the following formula (5) and the alcohols represented by the following formula (6) are reacted in the reaction solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst, and are represented by the following formula (7). Step to obtain compound

(In the formula, X ¹ is a substituent at the 1-position, 2-position, 3-position or 4-position, and X ² is a substituent at the 5-position, 6-position, 7-position or 8-position, indicating a halogen atom.)

(In the formula, p1 and p2 are the same or different integers of 0 to 4, and ^R1 , n1 and n2 are the same as those specified in the above formula (1).)

(In the formula, R ¹ , n1 and n2 are the same as the specifications in the above formula (1), X ¹ and X ² are the same as the specifications in the above formula (5), and p1 and p2 are the same as the above formula ( 6) Same as the provisions in.)

（式中、Ｘ^１およびＸ^２は前記式（５）中の規定と同じであり、Ｒ^１、Ｌ^１、ｍ１、ｍ２、ｎ１、ｎ２、ｏ１およびｏ２は式（１）中の規定と同じである。 Step 2: A step of reacting the compound represented by the above formula (7) with ethylene carbonate in a reaction solvent in the presence of a base, if necessary, to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (8).

(In the formula, X ¹ and X ² are the same as the specifications in the above formula (5), and R ¹ , L ¹ , m1, m2, n1, n2, o1 and o2 are the same as the specifications in the formula (1). Is.

（式中、Ｚ_１、Ｚ_２は式（１）と同じである。） Step 3: The compound represented by the above formula (8) and the boronic acid represented by the following formula (9) are reacted in a reaction solvent in the presence of a base and a palladium-based catalyst, and the compound represented by the above formula (1) is reacted. Process to obtain

(In the equation, Z ₁ and Z ₂ are the same as the equation (1).)

The compound represented by the above formula (5) is a fluorenone compound corresponding to the fluorene skeleton in the above formula (1), X ¹ is a substituent at the 1-position, 2-position, 3-position or 4-position, and X ² Is a substituent at the 5-position, 6-position, 7-position or 8-position, and both X ¹ and X ² indicate a halogen atom, and a bromine atom is preferable.

Representative examples of the fluorenone compound represented by the above formula (5) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

As specific examples, 1,8-difluorofluorenone, 2,7-difluorofluorenone, 3,6-difluorofluorenone, 4,5-difluorofluorenone, 1,8-dichlorofluorenone, 2,7-dichlorofluorenone, 3,6- Dichlorofluorenone, 4,5-dichlorofluorenone, 1,8-diiodofluorenone, 2,7-diiodofluorenone, 3,6-diiodofluorenone, 4,5-diiodofluorenone, 1,8-dibromofluorenone, 2, , 7-Dibromofluorenone, 3,6-dibromofluorenone, 4,5-dibromofluorenone and the like are preferable. Of these, 1,8-dibromofluorenone, 2,7-dibromofluorenone, 3,6-dibromofluorenone, and 4,5-dibromofluorenone are preferable, and 2,7-dibromofluorenone is particularly preferable.

These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose. In the present invention, it is preferably 2,7-dibromofluorenone.

The purity of the fluorenones represented by the above formula (5) to be used is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more. As the fluorenones, commercially available products may be used, or synthetic products may be used. For example, as a method for producing dibromofluorenone, a method described in a non-patent document (Journal of American Chemical Society, 2017, Vol. 139, 11073-11080), that is, 9-fluorenone and bromine are reacted in water. The method etc. can be mentioned.

The alcohols represented by the formula (6) correspond to the (poly) hydroxyl group-containing arene ring substituted at the 9-position in the fluorene derivative represented by the formula (5). That is, in the formula (6), the naphthalene ring corresponds to the naphthalene ring of the formula (1), and ^R1 , n1 and n2 correspond to ^R1 , n1 and n2 of the formula (1).

Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (6) include naphthols (for example, naphthol (1-naphthol, 2-naphthol)) and naphthol having a hydrocarbon group (methylnaphthol, ethylnaphthol, dimethylnaphthol, propylnaphthol). , Alkyl naphthols such as butyl naphthol (C _1-4 alkyl naphthols), alkoxy naphthols (C _1-4 alkoxy naphthols such as ethoxy naphthols), halonaphthols (chloronaphthols, bromonaphthols), these naphthols (or mono). Polyhydroxynaphthalene (eg, 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-hydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1, Di or trihydroxynaphthalene such as 8-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,2,4-trihydroxynaphthalene, 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene) and the like. Be done. Of these, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol are preferable, and 2-naphthol is particularly preferable. These alcohols may be used alone, or two or more of them may be mixed and reacted with fluorenones, and may be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose. In the present invention, 2-naphthol is preferable.

In the reaction of step 1, the amount of the alcohol represented by the above formula (6) is not particularly limited, but is preferable with respect to 1 mol of fluorenone from the viewpoint of suppressing side reactions and economic efficiency. Is 2 to 20 mol, more preferably 2 to 10 mol, still more preferably 2 to 5 mol.

As these alcohols represented by the above formula (6), commercially available products may be used, or synthetic ones may be used. For example, as a method for producing naphthols, the method described in Patent Document (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-115039), that is, 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid obtained by sulfonated naphthalene is neutralized with an alkali to 2-naphthalene sulfone. Examples thereof include a method in which sodium acid is obtained, the product is alkali-melted to form an alkali salt, and then hydrolyzed to produce 2-naphthol.

The purity of the alcohols represented by the above formula (6) (for example, naphthols) used as a raw material is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more.

The reaction of step 1 can usually be carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst. Examples of the acid catalyst include sulfuric acid, thiolic acid, montmorillonite, heteropolyacid, etc. Among these, heteropolyacids are produced because impurities derived from the acid catalyst are less likely to be produced and the compound having the fluorene skeleton of the present invention can be easily obtained. Is particularly preferable.

The heteropolyacid preferably used in the present invention is a general term for compounds produced by condensing two or more different kinds of inorganic oxygen acids, and is a general term for a central oxygen acid and another kind of oxygen acid condensed around it. Various heteropolyacids are possible depending on the combination. The element that forms the central oxygen acid is called a hetero element, and the element that forms the oxygen acid that condenses around it is called a poly element. The poly element may be a single kind of element or a plurality of kinds of elements.

The heteroelement of the oxygen acid constituting the heteropolyacid is not particularly limited, but for example, copper, beryllium, boron, aluminum, carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, titanium, zirconium, cerium, tellurium, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. Examples include arsenic, antimony, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, uranium, selenium, tellurium, manganese, iodine, iron, cobalt, nickel, rhodium, osmium, yldium and platinum. It is preferably phosphorus (phosphoric acid) or silicon (silicic acid). The polyelement of oxygen acid constituting the heteropolyacid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and tantalum. It is preferably at least one element selected from vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten.

As the heteropolyacid anion constituting the heteropolyacid skeleton, those having various compositions can be used. For example, the XM ₁₂ O ₄₀ , the XM ₁₂ O ₄₂ , the XM ₁₈ O ₆₂ , the XM ₆ O ₂₄ , and the like can be mentioned. The preferred composition of the heteropolyacid anion is XM ₁₂ O ₄₀ . In each equation, X is a hetero element and M is a poly element. Specific examples of the heteropolyacid having these compositions include phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, and limbanadomolybdic acid.

The heteropolyacid may be a free heteropolyacid, and some or all of the protons may be replaced with other cations and used as a salt of the heteropolyacid. Therefore, the heteropolyacid referred to in the present invention also includes salts of these heteropolyacids. Examples of cations that can be replaced with protons include ammonium, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and the like.

The heteropolyacid may be anhydrous or water of crystallization, but anhydrous is preferable because it reacts faster and suppresses the formation of by-products. In the case of water of crystallization, the same effect as anhydrous can be obtained by performing dehydration treatment such as drying under reduced pressure or azeotropic dehydration with a solvent in advance. Heteropolyacids may be used in the form of being supported on a carrier such as activated carbon, alumina, silica-alumina, and diatomaceous earth.

These heteropolyacids may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, if necessary, a catalyst other than the heteropolyacid may be used in combination as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.

The amount of the heteropolyacid used is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain a sufficient reaction rate, it is preferably 0.0001 times or more, more preferably 0.001 to 30 times by weight, that of fluorenones. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 5 times by weight.

When carrying out the present invention, in the reaction of step 1, the reaction rate is improved and the generation of impurities is suppressed by using a compound having a thiol group (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as SH group) in combination with the above-mentioned heteropolyacid. be able to. Examples of the thiol compound that can be used in combination in the present invention include mercaptocarboxylic acid, alkanethiol, and salts thereof.

Examples of the mercaptocarboxylic acid include α-mercaptopropionic acid, β-mercaptopropionic acid, thioacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiosuccinic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, and mercaptobenzoic acid. The alkanethiols include methanethiol, ethanethiol, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, 1-butanethiol, 2-butanethiol, 1-pentanethiol, 2-pentanethiol, 1-hexanethiol, 1-. Examples thereof include C _1-16 alkyl mercaptans such as heptane thiol, 2-heptane thiol, 1-octane thiol, 2-octane thiol, 1-nonan thiol, 1-decane thiol, 1-undecane thiol and 1-dodecane thiol. Among such compounds having an SH group, β-mercaptopropionic acid, 1-dodecanethiol, and 1-octanethiol are preferable, and 1-octanethiol is particularly preferable because they can be obtained at low cost. Such a compound having an SH group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The method for carrying out the reaction in step 1 is not particularly limited, but usually, the compound represented by the above formula (5) and the above formula (6) and the heteropolyacid and / or the thiol compound are used in the reaction apparatus. Heat and stir in the air or in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen and argon, and in the presence of an inert solvent for aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene and esters such as ethyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone and ethylene carbonate. It can be done by. At this time, by carrying out the reaction under dehydration conditions in which water in the reaction system such as catalyst-containing water and reaction-producing water is removed, the reaction proceeds faster than in the case of no dehydration, and the production of by-products is suppressed. The desired product can be obtained in a higher yield. The method of dehydration is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dehydration by adding a dehydrating agent, dehydration by reduced pressure, and dehydration by azeotropic boiling with a solvent under normal pressure or reduced pressure.

The reaction solvent used in step 1 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene and xylene, a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, pentane, hexane, heptane and the like. Aggregate hydrocarbon solvents, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, aliphatic and aliphatic solvents such as diethyl ether, di-iso-propyl ether, methyl-t-butyl ether, diphenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like. Cyclic ether solvent, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone, ester solvent such as ethylene carbonate, nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, benzonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, Examples thereof include an amide solvent such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. It is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and an ester solvent, more preferably a mixed solvent of toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene and ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone or ethylene carbonate, and further preferably with toluene. It is a mixed solvent with ethylene carbonate. These reaction solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The amount used is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of economy, it is preferably 0.1 times by weight or more, more preferably 0.5 to 100 times by weight, still more preferably 1 with respect to fluorenones. It is up to 20 times by weight.

The reaction temperature in step 1 varies depending on the type of raw material and solvent used, but is preferably 50 to 300 ° C, more preferably 80 to 250 ° C, and even more preferably 100 to 180 ° C. The reaction can be followed by analytical means such as liquid chromatography.

The internal pressure during the reaction in step 1 is preferably 101.3 kPa or less, more preferably 60.0 kPa or less. It is preferable to react the by-produced water while discharging it from the system at this internal pressure because the reaction proceeds more efficiently and the amount of by-products produced is reduced.

After the reaction of step 1, the solid acid used may be removed by filtration or neutralized, if necessary. Examples of the base used for neutralization include hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate. Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate (hydrogen carbonate) salt, amines and the like can be mentioned. Further, separation and purification may be performed by a separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, reprecipitation, activated carbon treatment or a metal removal treatment similar thereto, column chromatography, or a separation means combining these. ..

In the reaction of step 1, the reaction solution after neutralization may be used for the reaction with ethylene carbonate without removing the salt generated by the neutralization. If necessary, the salt generated by neutralization can be separated by filtration, or water can be added, stirred, and then separated to remove the aqueous layer (sometimes called a water washing process). The salt produced by the sum may be separated from the reaction system. This washing step may be repeated as needed.

After the reaction in step 1, it can be reacted with ethylene carbonate without taking out the fluorene compound represented by the above formula (7). That is, step 1 and step 2 can be performed in one pot. If the fluorene compound represented by the above formula (7) is taken out by a method such as concentration or crystallization, the yield may decrease and the cost may increase.

In step 2, ethylene carbonate is preferably used in an amount of 2 to 10 mol, more preferably 2 to 5 mol, still more preferably 2 to 3 mol, based on 1 mol of fluorenone.

In step 2, when the reaction between the fluorene compound represented by the above formula (7) and ethylene carbonate is carried out, the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a basic compound, if necessary. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of a basic compound, it is preferable that the solid acid used in step 1 is separated or neutralized by filtration before carrying out step 2.

Examples of the basic compound that can be used in step 2 include carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, hydroxides, organic bases and the like. Examples of carbonates include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium carbonate and the like. Examples of hydrogen carbonates include potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, cesium hydrogen carbonate and the like. Examples of hydroxides include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and the like. Examples of the organic bases include triethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, triphenylphosphine, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium chloride and the like. Among the above basic compounds, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate are preferably used from the viewpoint of handleability and safety. These basic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

When the basic compound is used in step 2, the amount used is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mol, more preferably 0.03 to 0.5 mol, based on 1 mol of fluorenones.

After completion of the reaction in step 2, it is preferable to add an alkaline aqueous solution having a concentration of 3% by weight or more to the obtained reaction mixture and heat and stir at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher (hereinafter referred to as an alkaline purification step). The concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution added to the reaction mixture solution is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 6% by weight, still more preferably 8% by weight or more. By adding an alkaline aqueous solution having a concentration of 3% by weight or more and heating and stirring at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher, the by-products obtained by reacting 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (7) with 3 mol or more of ethylene carbonate are decomposed. It is a compound represented by the formula (8). Further, since the coloring component can be removed in the alkaline aqueous solution, a compound represented by the formula (8) having high purity and less coloring can be obtained. If the concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution is lower than 3% by weight, by-products and coloring components cannot be efficiently removed, which is not preferable. The alkali concentration is not particularly limited as long as it is 3% by weight or more, but is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 30% by weight or less, still more preferably 15% by weight or less, from the viewpoint of the solubility of the alkali and ease of handling. Concentration is preferred.

The temperature for heating and stirring the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 80 ° C. or higher. Further, the temperature is lower than the boiling point of the solvent used, more preferably 130 ° C. or lower. When the temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, by-products can be efficiently removed, which is preferable. Further, when the temperature is 130 ° C. or lower, impurities are reduced, the purity is high, and the hue is good, which is preferable. The stirring time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 9 hours, and even more preferably 2 to 8 hours.

In the present invention, the alkali used in the alkaline aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is limited to lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and hydroxide. Examples include barium, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are preferable. The amount of alkali used is not particularly limited, but in order to efficiently remove by-products and coloring components, it is usually 0. 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (8). It is preferably 1 to 20 mol, more preferably 0.2 to 10 mol, and even more preferably 0.3 to 5 mol. When the amount of alkali is 0.1 mol or more, by-products can be efficiently removed. Further, it is preferable because the coloring component can be efficiently removed. When the amount of alkali is 20 mol or less, the purity is high and the hue is good, which is preferable.

In the present invention, in the alkali purification step, an alkaline aqueous solution may be added to the reaction mixture solution containing the compound represented by the formula (8) and heated and stirred, or the reaction mixture solution is diluted with an organic solvent and then the alkaline aqueous solution is added. It may be heated and stirred. It is usually carried out after diluting the organic solvent. The organic solvent to be diluted is not particularly limited, but is limited to aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and mesitylene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane, and halogenated aromatics such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene. Examples thereof include group hydrocarbons, dimethylformamides and dimethylsulfoxides. After the alkaline purification operation, the alkaline aqueous solution can be separated and removed.

After completion of the reaction in step 2, the obtained reaction mixture is subjected to separation means such as washing, filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, reprecipitation, activated carbon treatment or similar metal removal treatment, and column chromatography. , These may be separated and purified by a separation means in combination. Examples of the crystallization solvent include those exemplified as the solvent used for the above reaction, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopurpanol, butanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol and pentanol, and aromatic carbonization such as toluene and xylene. Hydrogen solvent, carbonate solvent such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ester solvent such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone, butyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, phenyl acetate, diethyl ether, di-isо-propyl ether, methyl- Examples thereof include ether solvents such as tert-butyl ether, diphenyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, heptane, octane and pentane, but methanol, ethanol and toluene are preferable. Such a crystallization operation may be performed once or may be repeated a plurality of times. In particular, when an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol is used, impurities such as unreacted 2-naphthol and by-produced ethylene glycol mono (2-naphthyl) ether can be easily and efficiently removed.

The precipitated crystals are recovered by filtration or the like. The obtained crystals may be washed with the solvent or the like used in the above reaction, or may be dried. The purity of the purified product of the compound represented by the formula (8) thus obtained is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more. After the reaction of step 2, step 3 may be carried out in one pot without taking out the compound represented by the above formula (7). Further, steps 1 to 3 may be performed in one pot. Yield and productivity can be improved by performing in one pot.

Preferred embodiments of rings Z ₁ and Z ₂ in the compound represented by the above formula (9) are the same as those of the above formula (1).

The purity of the boronic acid used is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more. As the boronic acid, a commercially available product may be used, or a synthesized product may be used. As a method for producing boric acids, for example, the method described in Patent Document (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-47292), that is, a phenylgrinard reagent and boric acid esters dissolved in a non-ether aromatic solvent are reacted. The method etc. can be mentioned.

The boronic acid used in the present invention includes arylboronic acid represented by the above formula (9) and its anhydride, 2-biphenylboronic acid, 3-biphenylboronic acid, 4-biphenylboronic acid, 2-( 1-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid, 3- (1-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid, 4- (1-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid, 2- (2-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid, 3- (2-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid Includes acids, 4- (2-naphthyl) phenylboronic acids and their anhydrides. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose. In the present invention, naphthylphenylboronic acid or an anhydride thereof is preferable, and 3- (1-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid or an anhydride thereof is particularly preferable.

The ratio of the compound represented by the formula (9) used as a raw material is preferably 2 to 5 mol, more preferably 2.05 to 3. It is 0 mol, more preferably 2.1 to 2.5 mol. When the amount of the boronic acid is 2 mol or more, the yield of the product represented by the above formula (1) is high. Further, when the amount is 5 mol or less, the production cost of the compound having the fluorene skeleton can be suppressed.

The reaction (dehalogenation reaction) between the above formula (8) and the compound represented by the above formula (9) in step 3 can be carried out in the reaction solvent in the presence of a base and a catalyst.

Examples of the base used in the reaction of step 3 include hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ), potassium carbonate (K ₂ CO ₃ ), and cesium carbonate (Cs ₂ CO). Carbonates such as ₃ ), acetates such as sodium acetate and potassium acetate, inorganic salts such as phosphates such as sodium phosphate (Na ₃ PO ₄ ) and potassium phosphate (K ₃ PO ₄ ), triethylamines, pyridine , Morphorine, quinoline, piperidine, aniline, organic salts such as ammonium salts such as tetranbutylammonium acetate and the like. Of these, carbonate is preferably used, with potassium carbonate and / or sodium carbonate being preferred. Such a base may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more.

Further, in the reaction of Step 3, the amount of the above-mentioned base used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, added to 1 mol of boronic acid.

The palladium compound used in the Suzuki coupling is preferable as the palladium-based catalyst used in the reaction of step 3, for example, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, palladium acetate, tris (diphenylphosphine). Benzilidenacetone) dipalladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, bis [4- (N, N-dimethylamino) phenyl] di-tert-butylphosphine palladium dichloride, bis (di-tert-butylprenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, Examples thereof include bis (di-tert-clotylphosphine) palladium dichloride, and a palladium-based catalyst represented by Pd / SiO ₂ . Of these, a palladium-based catalyst represented by tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium and / or Pd / SiO ₂ is preferable. Such a palladium-based catalyst may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the reaction of Step 3, the amount of the above-mentioned catalyst used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 10 mmol in terms of palladium metal atom with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the above formula (8). It is preferably 0.5 to 5 mmol. When the amount of the palladium catalyst used is 0.1 mmol or more in terms of palladium metal atom, the reaction is easily completed. Further, when the amount of the palladium catalyst used is 10 mmol or less in terms of palladium metal atom, the hue of the compound having a fluorene skeleton becomes good, which is preferable. Further, it is preferable because the production cost of the compound having a fluorene skeleton can be suppressed.

The reaction solvent used in step 3 is not particularly limited, but for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene and xylene and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and n-butanol are used alone or in combination. Can be used. Since the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is a high boiling point solvent, the reaction temperature can be set high, and the use of alcohol is preferably used because it has good affinity with water and good reactivity. Such a solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, aprotic solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide or N, N-dimethylacetamide, and halobenzenes such as o-dichlorobenzene can also be used. Such a solvent may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination. In the present invention, a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol is more preferable.

The amount of the reaction solvent (in the case of the present invention, a mixed solvent of toluene and ethanol) used is not particularly limited, but toluene is preferably 0.1% by weight or more with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (8). , More preferably 0.5 to 100 times by weight, still more preferably 1 to 50 times by weight. When the amount of toluene used is 0.1 times by weight or more, the product is less likely to precipitate and stirring becomes easier. Further, when the amount of toluene used is 100 times by weight or less, the volumetric efficiency is good and the production cost of the compound having the fluorene skeleton can be suppressed. The amount of ethanol used is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 50 times by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 times by weight, based on 1 mol of the compound represented by the above formula (8). When the amount of ethanol used is 0.1% by weight or more, the reaction rate is high and the yield is high. Further, when the amount of ethanol used is 50 times by weight or less, the volumetric efficiency is good as in the case of toluene, and the production cost of the compound having the fluorene skeleton can be suppressed.

The reaction temperature varies depending on the type of raw material and solvent used, but is preferably 50 to 150 ° C, more preferably 60 to 130 ° C, and even more preferably 70 to 120 ° C. The reaction can be followed by analytical means such as liquid chromatography.

The reaction mixture after completion of the reaction usually contains unreacted boronic acids, bases, catalysts, side reaction products and the like, in addition to the generated compound represented by the formula (1). Therefore, by conventional methods such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, reprecipitation, activated carbon treatment or similar metal removal treatment, column chromatography and other separation means, or a separation means combining these. Can be separated and purified. For example, boronic acids are removed by a conventional method (such as a method of adding an aqueous alkaline solution to form a water-soluble complex), and the palladium compound is removed by a treatment with activated carbon or a metal similar to the above, and then recrystallized. It is preferable to add a crystal solvent, cool the mixture to recrystallize the mixture, and then filter and separate the mixture for purification. The method of recrystallization is the same as the method described in step 2.

The purity of the compound represented by the formula (1) obtained by the production method of the present invention can be selected from a wide range of 60 to 100%, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95. % Or more, particularly preferably 98% or more. Purity is measured by HPLC.

"Thermoplastic resin"
The fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) in the present invention can be used as a raw material for a thermoplastic resin. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, and a polyester carbonate resin.

<Polycarbonate resin>
The polycarbonate resin is a resin obtained by reacting a dihydroxy component containing at least a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) with a carbonic acid ester component in the presence of a basic compound catalyst. The dihydroxy component and the carbonic acid diester component to be used may be a single component, respectively, or the dihydroxy component and / or the carbonic acid diester component may contain a compound of two or more kinds, that is, a copolymerization component may be contained.

Examples of bisphenols which are dihydroxy components that can be used together with the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) include 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diol, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, and the like. 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (4-Hydroxyphenyl) ketone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy- 3-Methylphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopentane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, bis (4-Hydrenylphenyl) diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-) Methylphenyl) fluorene, α, ω-bis [2- (p-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] polydimethylsiloxane, α, ω-bis [3- (o-hydroxyphenyl) propyl] polydimethylsiloxane, 4,4'- [1,3-Phenylenebis (1-methylethylidene)] Contains aromatic diols such as bisphenol and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane. In addition, aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6] decanedimethanol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, decalin-2,6-dimethanol, norbornanedimethanol, pentacyclo It may contain an alicyclic diol such as pentadecane dimethanol, cyclopentane-1,3-dimethanol, and spiroglycol. These may be used individually by 1 type, or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.

Examples of the carbonic acid diester include diphenyl carbonate, di-p-tolyl carbonate, phenyl-p-tolyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate and the like, and diphenyl carbonate is preferable. These aromatic carbonic acid diesters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As a method for producing the polycarbonate resin, a method used for producing a normal polycarbonate resin is arbitrarily adopted. For example, a reaction between diol and phosgene, or a transesterification reaction between diol and bisaryl carbonate is preferably adopted.

In the reaction between the diol and phosgene, the reaction is carried out in a non-aqueous system in the presence of an acid binder and a solvent. As the acid binder, for example, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, tertiary amine and the like are used. As the solvent, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene are used. It is desirable to use a terminal terminator such as phenol or p-tert-butylphenol as the molecular weight modifier. The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 40 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably several minutes to 5 hours.

In the transesterification reaction, diol and bisaryl carbonate are mixed in the presence of an inert gas, and in the presence of a mixed catalyst consisting of an alkali metal compound catalyst, an alkaline earth metal compound, or both, the temperature is usually 120 to 350 ° C. under reduced pressure. , Preferably react at 150-300 ° C. The degree of decompression is changed stepwise, and finally the alcohols produced at 1 mmHg or less are distilled off from the system. The reaction time is usually about 1 to 4 hours. As the polymerization catalyst, an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound may be used as a main component, and a nitrogen-containing basic compound may be used as a secondary component, if necessary.

The alkali metal compounds used as catalysts include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate. , Sodium stearate, potassium stearate, lithium stearate, sodium salt of bisphenol A, potassium salt, lithium salt, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, lithium benzoate and the like. Calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, calcium hydrogencarbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium hydrogencarbonate, strontium hydrogencarbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, strontium carbonate as alkaline earth metal compounds. , Calcium acetate, barium acetate, magnesium acetate, strontium acetate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, strontium stearate and the like.

The nitrogen-containing basic compounds used as co-catalysts include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, triphenylamine, and dimethylaminopyridine. And so on.

These catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount of these polymerization catalysts used is ^10-9 to ^10-3 mol with respect to 1 mol of the total diol component. .. Further, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, or the like may be added to improve the hue.

After the polymerization reaction is completed, the polycarbonate resin may have the catalyst removed or inactivated in order to maintain thermal stability and hydrolysis stability. For alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds, generally, a method of deactivating the catalyst by adding a known acidic substance is preferably carried out. Specific examples of these deactivation include esters such as butyl benzoate, aromatic sulfonic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, and fragrances such as butyl p-toluene sulfonate and hexyl p-toluene sulfonic acid. Group sulfonic acid esters, phosphates such as phosphite, phosphate, phosphonic acid, triphenyl phosphite, monophenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, diethyl phosphite, din-propyl phosphite, Sulfonate esters such as di-butyl sulphonate, di-hexyl sulphonate, dioctyl sulphonate, monooctyl sulphonate, triphenyl sulphate, diphenyl sulphate, monophenyl sulphate, sulphate Phosphonic acids such as dibutyl, dioctyl phosphate, monooctyl phosphate, phosphonic acids such as diphenylphosphonic acid, dioctylphosphonic acid, dibutylphosphonic acid, phosphonic acid esters such as diethylphenylphosphonate, triphenylphosphine, bis ( Diphenylphosphino) Phosphins such as ethane, boric acid, boric acid such as phenylboric acid, aromatic sulfonates such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, stearate chloride, benzoyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride and the like. Organic halides such as dimethylsulfate, alkylsulfates such as dimethylsulfate, and organic halides such as benzyl chloride are preferably used. These deactivating agents are used in an amount of 0.01 to 50 times, preferably 0.3 to 20 times by mole, based on the amount of the catalyst. If it is less than 0.01 times the molar amount of the catalyst amount, the deactivation effect becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. Further, if the amount is more than 50 times the molar amount with respect to the amount of the catalyst, the heat resistance is lowered and the molded product is easily colored, which is not preferable.

After the catalyst is deactivated, a step of devolatile removal of the low boiling point compound in the resin at a pressure of 0.1 to 1 mmHg and a temperature of 200 to 320 ° C. may be provided.

<Polyester resin>
The polyester resin is a resin obtained by reacting a diol component containing at least a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) with a dicarboxylic acid component containing a dicarboxylic acid and / or a reactive derivative thereof. The diol component and the dicarboxylic acid component to be utilized may each be a single component, or the diol component and / or the dicarboxylic acid component may contain two or more compounds, that is, a copolymerization component may be contained. ..

Other diol compounds that can be used with the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) include alkylene glycols (eg, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, tetramethylene glycol (1,4). -Butanediol), hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, octanediol, decanediol and other linear or branched C _2-12 alkylene glycols); (poly) oxyalkylene glycol (eg, diethylene glycol, triethylene) Glycol, dipropylene glycol); and the like. These diols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

A preferred example of the diol used in combination with the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) is a linear or branched C _2-10 alkylene glycol, more preferably a linear or branched C _2- . ₆ alkylene glycols, more preferably linear or branched C _2-4 alkylene glycols (eg, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol (1,4-butanediol), which have a particularly preferred effect. Examples of the component include ethylene glycol.

A diol other than the diol represented by the formula (1) (for example, ethylene glycol) is useful as a copolymerization component for enhancing the polymerization reactivity and imparting flexibility to the resin. In addition, since the refractive index, heat resistance, and water absorption may decrease due to the introduction of the copolymerization component, it is generally preferable that the copolymerization ratio is small in these respects.

Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component include a dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof. The dicarboxylic acid component may be used alone or in combination of two or more. For example, a dicarboxylic acid and a derivative thereof can be used as the dicarboxylic acid component.

Typical dicarboxylic acids include, for example, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of an arcandicarboxylic acid (such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid) and an arcendicarboxylic acid (maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc.); cycloalkanedicarboxylic acid. Alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as acids (cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, etc.), di or tricycloalkandicarboxylic acids (decalindicarboxylic acid, norbornandicarboxylic acid, adamantandicarboxylic acid, etc.); allenedicarboxylic acids (terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, etc.) Examples thereof include aromatic dicarboxylic acids of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracendicarboxylic acid, etc.) biphenyldicarboxylic acid (2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, etc.). Furthermore, ester formation of these reactive derivatives (acid anhydrides such as hexahydroanhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, lower (C _1-4 ) alkyl esters such as dimethyl ester and diethyl ester, and acid halides corresponding to dicarboxylic acids). Possible derivatives) can be used.

These dicarboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid are preferable because they are inexpensive and easily available industrially.

In the polyester resin, the content of the structural unit containing the residue derived from the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) contained in the thermoplastic resin is 30 with respect to all the structural units contained in the resin. It is preferably mol% or more. In addition, "a structural unit containing a residue derived from a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1)" includes an ester bond-COO- consisting of a residue of the fluorene compound of the formula (1) and a dicarboxylic acid residue. A building block. For example, when a diol compound is used in addition to the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1), "other diols" are used in addition to the "constituent unit containing residues derived from the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1)". A "constituent unit containing a residue of a component" is contained in the polyester resin, and among all the structural units including an ester bond, "a structural unit containing a residue derived from a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1)" is 30. It is preferably mol% or more. By setting the ratio of the fluorene compound of the formula (1) in the above range, a polyester resin having excellent optical properties such as a refractive index can be obtained. In terms of strength, the higher the content of the fluorene compound of the formula (1), the higher the elastic modulus, which is preferable. On the other hand, if it is too high, the tensile elongation decreases, so that the content of the fluorene compound of the formula (1) is 90% by weight. It is preferably less than or equal to the degree.

The polyester resin is obtained by combining a dicarboxylic acid component (dicarboxylic acid and / or an ester-forming dicarboxylic acid derivative) and a diol component containing a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) by an ester exchange method, a direct polymerization method, or the like. It can be obtained by reacting according to various methods such as legal, solution polymerization method and surface polymerization method. Of these, a melt polymerization method that does not use a reaction solvent is preferable.

The transesterification method, which is one of the melt polymerization methods, is a method for obtaining polyester by reacting a dicarboxylic acid ester with a diol compound in the presence of a catalyst and performing transesterification while distilling off the produced alcohol. It is used for the synthesis of polyester resin.

Further, in the direct polymerization method, a polyester resin is obtained by performing a dehydration reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diol compound to form an ester compound, and then performing a transesterification reaction while distilling off an excess of the diol compound under reduced pressure. The method. Unlike the transesterification method, the direct polymerization method does not distill off alcohol, and has the advantage that an inexpensive dicarboxylic acid can be used as a raw material. For the polymerization catalyst species, the amount of the catalyst, the polymerization conditions such as temperature, and the additives such as the heat stabilizer, the etherification inhibitor, and the catalyst deactivating agent when carrying out these melt polymerization methods, refer to known methods. Can be done.

<Polyester carbonate resin>
The polyester carbonate resin is a resin containing a diol component containing at least a fluorene compound represented by the formula (1), a dicarboxylic acid and a carbonic acid ester component, and a mixed catalyst composed of a basic compound catalyst, an ester exchange catalyst, or both. Is. The dihydroxy component, the dicarboxylic acid component, and the carbonic acid diester component to be used may be a single component, respectively, or the dihydroxy component and / or the dicarboxylic acid component and / or the carbonic acid diester component may contain two or more kinds of compounds. good.

The diol component that can be used with the fluorene compound represented by the formula (1) is an aliphatic diol such as ethylene glycol, tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6] decandimethanol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol. , Decalin-2,6-dimethanol, norbornandimethanol, pentacyclopentadecanedimethanol, cyclopentane-1,3-dimethanol, alicyclic diols such as spiroglycol, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4' -Diol, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) Sulfide, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ketone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenyl) Propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopentane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2- Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene, α, ω-bis [2- (p-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] polydimethylsiloxane, α, ω-bis [3- (o-hydroxyphenyl) ) Procyl] polydimethylsiloxane, 4,4'-[1,3-phenylenebis (1-methylethylidene) droxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane, aromatic diols such as bisphenol A and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The dicarboxylic acid compound in the polyester carbonate resin includes aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelli acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, methylmalonic acid and ethylmalonic acid, and isophthalic acid. Monocyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as tert-butylisophthalic acid, polycyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, anthracendicarboxylic acid, phenanthrangecarboxylic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid such as 2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, Examples thereof include lipophilic dicarboxylic acids such as 1,4-cyclodicarboxylic acid and 2,6-decalindicarboxylic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, terephthalic acid is preferable. Further, as these derivatives, acid chlorides and esters are used.

Examples of the carbonate precursors used in the production of the polyester carbonate resin include phosgene, diphenyl carbonate, bischlorohomates of the above dihydric phenols, di-p-tolyl carbonate, phenyl-p-tolyl carbonate, di-p-chlorophenyl carbonate, and the like. Examples thereof include dinaphthyl carbonate, and among them, diphenyl carbonate is preferable.

As a method for producing the polyester carbonate resin, a method used for producing a normal polyester carbonate resin is arbitrarily adopted. For example, a reaction between a diol and a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid chloride and phosgene, or a transesterification reaction between a diol and a dicarboxylic acid and a bisaryl carbonate is preferably adopted.

In the reaction of diol, dicarboxylic acid or its acid chloride with phosgene, the reaction is carried out in a non-aqueous system in the presence of an acid binder and a solvent. As the acid binder, for example, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, tertiary amine and the like are used. As the solvent, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene are used. It is desirable to use a terminal terminator such as phenol or p-tert-butylphenol as the molecular weight modifier. The reaction temperature is usually 0 to 40 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably several minutes to 5 hours.

In the transesterification reaction, a diol and a dicarboxylic acid or a diester thereof and a bisaryl carbonate are mixed in the presence of an inert gas, and the reaction is carried out under reduced pressure at usually 120 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C. The degree of decompression is changed stepwise, and finally the alcohols produced at 1 mmHg or less are distilled off from the system. The reaction time is usually about 1 to 4 hours. Further, in the transesterification reaction, a polymerization catalyst can be used to promote the reaction. As such a polymerization catalyst, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, or another metal compound may be used as a main component, and a nitrogen-containing basic compound may be used as a secondary component, if necessary.

Examples of alkali metal compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, and sodium stearate. , Potassium stearate, lithium stearate, sodium salt of bisphenol A, potassium salt, lithium salt, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, lithium benzoate and the like. Calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, calcium hydrogencarbonate, barium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium hydrogencarbonate, strontium hydrogencarbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, strontium carbonate as alkaline earth metal compounds. , Calcium acetate, barium acetate, magnesium acetate, strontium acetate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, strontium stearate and the like.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing basic compound include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, triphenylamine, and dimethylaminopyridine.

Other ester exchange catalysts include salts of zinc, tin, zirconium, lead, titanium, germanium, antimony, osmium and aluminum, such as zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate and tin chloride (II). ), Tin chloride (IV), tin acetate (II), tin acetate (IV), dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dimethoxyd, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium oxyacetate, zirconium tetrabutoxide, lead acetate (II), acetic acid Lead (IV) titanium tetrabutoxide (IV), aluminum acetylacetonate, etc. are used.

These catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount of these polymerization catalysts used is ^10-9 to ^10-3 mol with respect to 1 mol of the total of diol and dicarboxylic acid. Used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, in the transesterification reaction, a diaryl carbonate having an electron-withdrawing substituent may be added at the latter stage or after the completion of the polycondensation reaction in order to reduce the hydroxy terminal group. Further, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, or the like may be added to improve the hue.

After the polymerization reaction is completed, the polyester carbonate resin may have the catalyst removed or inactivated in order to maintain thermal stability and hydrolysis stability. For alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds, generally, a method of deactivating the catalyst by adding a known acidic substance is preferably carried out. Specific examples of these substances include esters such as butyl benzoate, aromatic sulfonic acids such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, and aromatic sulfonic acids such as butyl p-toluene sulfonate and hexyl p-toluene sulfonic acid. Esters, sulfonic acids such as sulphonic acid, sulphonic acid, phosphonic acid, triphenyl sulphonate, monophenyl sulphonate, diphenyl sulphonate, diethyl sulphonate, din-propyl sulphonate, sulphonic acid Subphosphate esters such as din-butyl, din-hexyl sulfonate, dioctyl sulfonate, monooctyl sulfonate, triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, monophenyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, phosphorus Phosphonic acids such as dioctyl acid and monooctyl phosphate, phosphonic acids such as diphenylphosphonic acid, dioctylphosphonic acid and dibutylphosphonic acid, phosphonic acid esters such as diethylphenylphosphonate, triphenylphosphine and bis (diphenylphosphino). ) Phosphins such as ethane, boric acids such as boric acid and phenylboric acid, aromatic sulfonates such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, organic halogens such as stearate chloride, benzoyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride. Compounds, alkyl sulfates such as dimethylsulfate, organic halides such as benzyl chloride and the like are preferably used. These deactivating agents are used in an amount of 0.01 to 50 times, preferably 0.3 to 20 times by mole, based on the amount of the catalyst. If it is less than 0.01 times the molar amount of the catalyst amount, the deactivation effect becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. Further, if the amount is more than 50 times the amount of the catalyst, the heat resistance is lowered and the molded body is easily colored, which is not preferable.

After the catalyst is deactivated, a step of devolatile removal of the low boiling point compound in the polymer at a pressure of 0.1 to 1 mmHg and a temperature of 200 to 320 ° C. may be provided.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples as long as the gist of the present invention is not exceeded.

In the examples, various measurements were performed as follows.
(1) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Measurement Using a high performance liquid chromatograph L-2350 manufactured by Hitachi, measurements were made under the measurement conditions shown in Table 1. In the examples,% is the area percentage value corrected by excluding the solvent in HPLC unless otherwise specified.

(2) APHA measurement A solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of a measurement sample in 10 ml of dimethylformamide was placed in a test tube having a diameter of 25 mm and measured using TZ6000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.

(3) Refractive index of compound (nD)
The measurement sample was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a solution having a predetermined concentration, and the refractive index of each concentration solution was measured at 25 ° C. using a DR-M2 Abbe refractometer manufactured by ATAGO. The value extrapolated to a concentration of 100% from the measurement results of each concentration was taken as the refractive index (nD) of the compound obtained in the example.

(4) Refractive index of polymer After preparing and polishing a 3 mm thick test piece of each polymer, the refractive index nd (587.56 nm) at 20 ° C. was measured using a Carnew precision refractometer KPR-2000 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. did.

(5) Abbe number The measured wavelength of the Abbe number was calculated from the refractive indexes of 486.13 nm, 587.56 nm, and 656.27 nm using the following formula.
νd = (nd-1) / (nF-nC)
nd: Refractive index at wavelength 587.56 nm,
nF: Refractive index at wavelength 486.13 nm,
nC: means the refractive index at a wavelength of 656.27 nm.

[Example 1: Production of fluorene compound]
<Step 1 and Step 2>
28.1 g (0.08 mol) of 2,7-dibromofluorenone (hereinafter abbreviated as DBFN) and 28.8 g (0) of 2-naphthol in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a cooler, and a thermometer. .20 mol), 1.8 g (0.01 mol) of n-dodecanethiol, 0.4 g (0.12 mmol) of 12 tonguest (VI) phosphate n hydrate (H3 [PW12O40], nH2O), 30 ml of toluene After adding 7.7 g of ethylene carbonate, the pressure was reduced to 50 kPa, the temperature was raised to 100 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 hours. The progress of the reaction was confirmed by HPLC, and it was confirmed that the residual amount of DBFN was 0.0%, and the reaction was terminated.

After the reaction, 12 tonguest (VI) phosphoric acid n hydrate (H3 [PW12O40] nH2O) was neutralized by adding a 25 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then water in the system was distilled off at 120 ° C. Then, 0.6 g (4.16 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 28.9 g (0.33 mol) of ethylene carbonate and 100 mL of dimethylformamide were added, and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C. for 5 hours to carry out the reaction. The progress of the reaction was confirmed by HPLC, and the residual amount of 9,9'-bis (6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl) -2,7-dibromofluorene was confirmed to be 0.0%, and the reaction was terminated. I let you. After completion of the reaction, water and a 25 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to the obtained reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred at 85 ° C. for 1.5 hours, and then the aqueous layer was separated. The obtained reaction solution was concentrated, toluene was added to dissolve it, and then washing with warm water was performed 5 times. Then, recrystallization was performed twice with methanol, and the mixture was dried under reduced pressure overnight to dry with 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-dibromofluorene (hereinafter abbreviated as BNDB). White crystals were obtained with a yield of 77% and a purity of 97.4%.

<Process 3>
18.50 g (0.027 mol) of BNDB, 14.50 g of 3- (1-naphthyl) phenylboronic acid produced in steps 1 and 2 in a flask equipped with a stirrer, a cooler, a water separator, and a thermometer. (0.058 mol), 0.08 g (0.07 mmol) of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, 32 ml of a 2M potassium carbonate aqueous solution, 121 ml of toluene and 40 ml of ethanol were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. The progress of the reaction was confirmed by HPLC, and it was confirmed that the residual amount of BNDB was 0.0%, and the reaction was terminated. When the reaction solution was cooled, the target product, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene (hereinafter, (Sometimes abbreviated as BNDnP) remained dissolved in the reaction solution. After concentrating the reaction solution, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed three times with distilled water. After the organic layer was treated with activated carbon, hexane was added as a poor solvent and recrystallization was performed. The obtained crystals were dried under reduced pressure overnight to obtain white crystals of BNDnP with a yield of 83% and a purity of 99.6%. The APHA was 70 and the refractive index was 1.738. Since BNDnP has high solubility in toluene and ethanol as reaction solvents, post-treatment after the reaction was easy and the yield was high.

[Reference Example 1]
In a flask equipped with a stirrer, a cooler, a water separator, and a thermometer, 44.7 g (0.06 mol) of BNDB produced in steps 1 and 2 and 17.2 g (0.14 mol) of phenylboronic acid. After adding 0.7 g (0.64 mmol) of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, 78 ml of a 2M potassium carbonate aqueous solution, 292 ml of toluene and 96 ml of ethanol, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. The progress of the reaction was confirmed by HPLC, and it was confirmed that the residual amount of BNDB was 0.0%, and the reaction was terminated. When the reaction solution was cooled, 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-diphenylfluorene (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as BNDP) was precipitated. After the precipitated BNDP was collected by filtration, it was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and treated with activated carbon. Then, tetrahydrofuran was distilled off by an evaporator, BNDP was dissolved in toluene, recrystallized, and the obtained crystals were dried by heating under reduced pressure overnight to obtain white crystals of BNDP in a yield of 74% and a purity of 99.2%. Obtained. The APHA was 60 and the refractive index was 1.732. Since BNDP has low solubility in toluene and ethanol as reaction solvents, post-treatment after the reaction was not easy and the yield was low.

[Example 2: Production of polycarbonate resin]
9. 9-Bis [6- (2-Hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-Bis (3- (1-naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as BNDnP). 43 parts by mass (10 mL%), 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as BPEF) 39.47 parts by mass (90 mL%), diphenyl carbonate (hereinafter , DPC) 21.64 parts by mass (101 mL), and 1.26 × 10 ^-4 parts by mass (1.50 × 10 ^-3 ) of sodium hydrogen carbonate at a concentration of 60 mmol / L as a catalyst. Mоl%) was added, and the mixture was heated to 200 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere to melt it. Then, the degree of decompression was adjusted to 20 kPa over 5 minutes. The temperature is raised to 260 ° C. at a heating rate of 40 ° C./hr, the pressure is reduced at 60 kPa / hr after the outflow of phenol reaches 70%, the polymerization reaction is carried out until the predetermined power is reached, and the reaction is completed. The resin was removed from the rear flask. The obtained polycarbonate resin was analyzed by ¹ H NMR, and it was confirmed that 10 mol% of the BNDnP component and 90 mol% of the BPEF component were introduced with respect to all the monomer components. The obtained polycarbonate resin had a refractive index of 1.6568 and an Abbe number of 20.6.

Since the compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention has a high refractive index, it can be suitably used as a raw material for a thermoplastic resin (for example, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester carbonate resin, polyurethane resin, etc.). The resin made from the compound having a fluorene skeleton of the present invention is, for example, a film, a lens, a prism, an optical disk, a transparent conductive substrate, an optical card, a sheet, an optical fiber, an optical film, an optical filter, a hard coat film, or the like. It can be used for optical members and is extremely useful especially for lenses.

Claims (6)

A compound having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (1).

(In the formula, R ¹ indicates a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, L ¹ indicates an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, m1 and n1 is an integer of 0 to 4 that is the same or different, m2 and n2 are integers of 0 to 3 that are the same or different, and m1 + m2 ≧ 1. However, m1 + n1 is an integer of 4 or less, and m2 + n2 is 3 or less. It is an integer. о1 and о2 are independently integers of ₀ to ₅ , and Z1 and Z2 indicate aromatic groups.) The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound represented by the following formula (2).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ each independently indicate a hydrocarbon group which may contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an aromatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and L ¹ , o 1, Z ₁ , Z. ₂ is the same as the regulation in the above formula (1).) The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to claim 2, wherein the compound represented by the formula (2) is a compound represented by the following formula (3).

(In the formula, R ² to R ¹³ , L ¹ , and o1 are the same as those specified in the above formula (2).) The compound represented by the above formula (3) is represented by the following formula (4), 9,9-bis [6- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-naphthyl] -2,7-bis (3- (1). -The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to claim 3, which is naphthyl) phenyl) fluorene.

Any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the Hazen unit color number (APHA) of a 5% by weight solution in which the compound represented by any of the formulas (1) to (4) is dissolved in dimethylformamide is 100 or less. The compound having a fluorene skeleton according to item 1. The method for using a compound having a fluorene skeleton according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as a raw material for a thermoplastic resin.