JP2022017319A - 酸性ガスからの硫化水素の捕捉についての選択率及び能力を増大させる方法 - Google Patents
酸性ガスからの硫化水素の捕捉についての選択率及び能力を増大させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethylguanidine Chemical compound CN=C(N(C)C)N(C)C ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AGYUOJIYYGGHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane Chemical compound ClCCOCCOCCCl AGYUOJIYYGGHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCC(C)N1 SDGKUVSVPIIUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNWUEBIEOFQMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCCN1 NNWUEBIEOFQMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJGVECOPHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-methoxyethyl(methyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound COCCN(C)CCO GPPXJGVECOPHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOMNOVKEEOBOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-n-(2-methoxyethyl)-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound COCCN(C)CCOC WOMNOVKEEOBOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGRYSBPZIYVTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCOCCCN(C)C NGRYSBPZIYVTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANVRGAGQWAOMSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-amino-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CCOCCC(C)(C)N ANVRGAGQWAOMSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNCDPPKYHGOVGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-aminobutoxy)butan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)CCOCCC(C)N QNCDPPKYHGOVGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKADPXVIOXHVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KKADPXVIOXHVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biguanide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC(N)=N XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical class C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、天然ガス及び他のガス流から酸性ガスを除去する方法に関する。特に、本発明は、水性アミン吸収剤を用いて天然ガス流から硫化水素を除去することについての選択率及び能力を増大させる方法に関する。
吸収剤系のpHを制御することにより、CO2も含むガス混合物からH2Sを除去するための改善された選択率を達成することが可能であることを、我々は今や見出した。本発明によれば、アミン/アルカノールアミン吸収剤系のpHを低下させる方法は、吸収の化学量論を最大にするために炭酸塩及び/又は水硫化物の形成に対して重炭酸塩を助長するために利用される。本発明の第1の態様では、アミン/アルカノールアミン吸収剤の濃度が低下され、これによりのより低いpHを有する系がもたらされる。本発明の第2の態様では、アミン/アルカノールアミン吸収剤系のpHは、系に酸を添加することによって低下される。より低いpHにより、重炭酸塩の形成が助長され、酸性ガス(H2S及びCO2)充填量が増加し、広い充填量範囲にわたってCO2よりもH2Sの選択率が増加する。本発明において有用であると判明した特定のアミンは、アミン及びアルカノールアミン、好ましくは立体障害アミン及びアルカノールアミン、最も好ましくはメトキシエトキシエトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(M3ETB)のようなキャップされた立体障害アミンである。
酸性ガス処理の分野における従来の常識は、一般に第三級アミンが水溶液中でのCO2との反応において重炭酸塩を優先的に形成することである。立体障害のある第二級アミンもまた、CO2とのカルバメートを形成することができるが、重炭酸塩経路は、立体障害が増加するので好ましい経路になる。第三級の立体障害アミンを使用する吸収剤系では、以下に示すように重炭酸塩と炭酸塩形成との間に急速な平衡が存在することはよく知られている。
3つの異なるアミンを使用して、実施例1のアミン吸収剤溶液を調製した。N-メチルジエタノールアミン(MDEA)は、以下の構造を有する市販の従来のアミン処理吸収剤である。
M3ETBを用いて2つのアミン溶液、即ち、いずれも水中において36重量%のM3ETBを含む第1の溶液、及び36重量%のM3ETBと0.5重量%のH3PO4とを含む第2の溶液を調製した。実施例2の試験条件は以下の通りである。即ち、ガス供給組成:10モル%CO2、1モル%H2S、残部N2;ガス流量:154sccm;温度:40.8℃、圧力:1バール、容量:15mL;攪拌速度:200rpm。
MDEAを用いて2つのアミン溶液、即ち、いずれも水中において36重量%のMDEAを含む第1の溶液、及び36重量%のMDEAと0.5重量%のH3PO4とを含む第2の溶液を調製した。実施例2の試験条件は以下の通りである。即ち、ガス供給組成:10モル%CO2、1モル%H2S、残部N2;ガス流量:154sccm;温度:40.8℃、圧力:1バール、容量:15mL;攪拌速度:200rpm。
本発明の特定の教示によれば、CO2も含むガス混合物からH2Sを選択的に分離する方法が開示され、該方法はガス混合物の流れを1つ以上のアミンを含む吸収剤溶液と接触させることを含む。吸収剤溶液のH2S/CO2選択率は、約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、約4.0より大きく、好ましくは5.0より大きい。1つ以上のアミンは、アミン、アルカノールアミン、立体障害アルカノールアミン、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、好ましくはメトキシエトキシエトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(M3ETB)、エトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(EETB)又はN-メチルジエタノールアミン(MDEA)である。立体障害アルカノールアミンは、好ましくはキャップされたアミンである。
Claims (25)
- CO2も含むガス混合物からH2Sを選択的に分離する方法であって、
ガス混合物の流れを1つ以上のアミンを含む吸収剤溶液と接触させることを含み、
約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、吸収剤溶液のH2S/CO2選択率は約4.0より大きい、方法。 - 1つ以上のアミンが、アミン、アルカノールアミン、立体障害アルカノールアミン、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 立体障害アルカノールアミンが、キャップされたアルカノールアミンである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- アミンが、メトキシエトキシエトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(M3ETB)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アミンが、エトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(EETB)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アミンが、N-メチルジエタノールアミン(MDEA)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、吸収剤溶液のH2S/CO2選択率が約5.0より大きい、請求項1に記載の方法。
- CO2も含むガス混合物からH2S吸収のための吸収方法の選択率を増加させる方法であって、吸収方法が1つ以上のアミンを含む吸収剤溶液を有し、該方法が吸収剤溶液のpHを低下させることを含む、方法。
- pH低下工程が、吸収剤溶液を希釈することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- pH低下工程が、吸収剤溶液に酸を添加することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 酸がリン酸及び硫酸から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上のアミンが、アミン、アルカノールアミン、立体障害アルカノールアミン、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 立体障害アルカノールアミンが、キャップされたアルカノールアミンである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- アミンがM3ETBである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- アミンがEETBである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- アミンがMDEAである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- CO2も含むガス混合物からH2Sを選択的に分離する方法であって、
ガス混合物の流れをメトキシエトキシエトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(M3ETB)を含む吸収剤溶液と接触させることを含み、
吸収剤溶液中のM3ETB濃度は約36重量%未満である、方法。 - 吸収剤溶液中のM3ETB濃度が25~30重量%の間である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、吸収剤溶液のH2S/CO2選択率が約5.0より大きい、請求項17に記載の方法。
- CO2も含む原料ガス流からH2Sを選択的に吸収するためのシステムであって、
原料ガス流を水性アミン流と向流で接触させて、原料ガス流からのH2Sの少なくとも一部を含む使用済みアミン流を生成するための吸収塔、及び
再生されたアミン流及び脱着された酸性ガス流を生成するための再生塔
を備え、約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、水性アミン流のH2S/CO2選択率が約4.0より大きい、システム。 - 約0.2~約0.6の間の酸性ガス充填量[モル(CO2+H2S)/モル(アミン)]に対して、水性アミン流のH2S/CO2選択率が約5.0より大きい、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 水性アミン流が、約36重量%未満の濃度のメトキシエトキシエトキシエタノール-t-ブチルアミン(M3ETB)を含む、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 水性アミン流中のM3ETB濃度が25~30重量%の間である、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 水性アミン流のpHを低下させることによってH2S/CO2の選択率を増加させる、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 水性アミン流中のアミン濃度を低下させることによって前記pHを低下させる、請求項24に記載のシステム。
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