JP2022015767A - Control device, consideration calculation device, power system, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

To output sufficient reactive power for stabilizing a voltage of a power system and to calculate an appropriate consideration in accordance with cooperation with respect to stabilization of the power system.SOLUTION: A control device for controlling a distributed type power source connected to a power system includes: a range setting unit for setting a first power factor range permitted at a normal time; an output control unit for controlling reactive power and effective power to be supplied from the distributed type power source to the power system within the first power factor range set in the range setting unit; and a reception unit for receiving a power factor change command for changing a power factor range to a second power factor range including an additional range having a smaller power factor than the first power factor range from a command device in the power system. The output control unit outputs power in the second power factor range when the reception unit receives the power factor change command.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power generation devices are widely used. The electric power generated by the distributed power source is converted into alternating current via a control device such as a power conditioner and supplied to the electric power system. A voltage control device that outputs reactive power so that a predetermined set power factor is maintained with respect to an output amount of active power is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Documents 2, 3 and 4 are known as related techniques.
[Prior Art Document]
[Patent Document]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-0301449 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-74668 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-118782 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-274812

It is desirable that a control device such as a power conditioner can output sufficient reactive power for voltage stabilization of the power system. In addition, it is desirable that an appropriate consideration be calculated according to the cooperation for power system stabilization.

In the first aspect of the present invention, a control device is provided. The control device may control a distributed power source connected to the power system. The control device may include a range setting unit. The range setting unit may set a first power factor range that is normally allowed. The control device may include an output control unit. The output control unit may control the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source to the power system within the first power factor range set in the range setting unit. The control device may include a resin portion. The receiving unit may receive a power factor change command for changing the power factor range to the second power factor range from the command device in the power system. The second power factor range may include an additional range having a smaller power factor than the first power factor range. The output control unit may output power within the second power factor range when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit may output the reactive power within the additional range while maintaining the active power.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit outputs the reactive power within the additional range while maintaining the active power within the power range where the apparent power is equal to or less than the predetermined maximum power. You can do it.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit may output the reactive power so as to achieve the minimum power factor in the second power factor range while maintaining the active power.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit may output the maximum reactive power that can be output within the second power factor range while maintaining the active power.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit may reduce the active power and output the reactive power within the additional range.

When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit reduces the active power within the power range where the apparent power is equal to or less than the predetermined maximum power, and outputs the reactive power within the additional range. It's okay.

When the apparent power when achieving the minimum power factor in the second power factor range while maintaining the active power exceeds the maximum power, the output control unit is within the power range in which the apparent power is equal to or less than the maximum power. , The active power may be reduced and the invalid power may be output.

In the second aspect of the present invention, a consideration calculation device is provided. The consideration calculation device may calculate the consideration paid to the manager of any of the above control devices. The consideration calculation device may include a consideration calculation unit. The consideration calculation unit may calculate the consideration according to the first power factor range and the second power factor range.

The consideration calculation unit may calculate the consideration based on the first power factor range, the second power factor range, and the maximum power of the apparent power.

The consideration calculation unit responds to the first reactive power, which is the maximum reactive power that can be output within the first power factor range, and the second reactive power, which is the maximum reactive power that can be output within the second power factor range. The consideration may be calculated.

A third aspect of the invention provides a power system. The power system may include any of the above plurality of control devices. The power system may notify each controller of the power factor change command.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides a program. The program is a program for making a computer function as a consideration calculation device according to any one of the above.

It is a figure which shows the electric power system in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the control device in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the allowable range about an active power and an active power. It is a figure which shows the other example of the allowable range about an active power and an active power. It is a figure which shows the consideration calculation apparatus in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the processing procedure in the electric power system in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the processing procedure in the electric power system in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the electric power system in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the control device in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the consideration calculation apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the processing procedure in the electric power system in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the consideration calculation in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the other example of the processing procedure in the electric power system in 2nd Embodiment. An example of a computer 2200 in which a plurality of aspects of the present invention may be embodied in whole or in part is shown.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention to which the claims are made. Also, not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the means of solving the invention.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The power system 1 includes distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 (sometimes collectively referred to as distributed power sources 20) and control devices 100-1 and 100-2 (sometimes collectively referred to as control device 100). , The consideration calculation device 200-1 and 200-2 (may be collectively referred to as the consideration calculation device 200) may be provided. The number of each configuration is not limited to the case of FIG.

The distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 may be power sources such as a solar panel solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell power generation device. In this example, the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 are photovoltaic power generation devices. The distributed power source 20-1 is electrically connected to the power system 30 via the control device 100-1. Similarly, the distributed power source 20-2 is electrically connected to the power system 30 via the control device 100-2. The output sides of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 are electrically connected at the interconnection point 32. The number and types of distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 are not limited to those shown in FIG.

The control devices 100-1 and 100-2 control the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2, respectively. The control device 100 supplies the electric power generated by the distributed power source 20 to the interconnection point 32. The input side of the control device 100-1 is connected to the distributed power source 20-1. The control device 100-1 may be a power conversion device that converts the power generated by the distributed power source 20-1 into the power corresponding to the power system 30. The input side of the control device 100-2 is connected to the distributed power source 20-2. The control device 100-2 may be a power conversion device that converts the power generated by the distributed power source 20-2 into the power corresponding to the power system 30. The control device 100 may include a device called a power conditioner, a PCS (power conditioning system), or an inverter.

The output side of the control device 100-1 is connected to the power system 30 via the interconnection point 32. A transformer may be connected between the control device 100-1 and the interconnection point 32. The output side of the control device 100-2 may also be connected to the power system 30 via the interconnection point 32. The power system 30 includes a system power supply 34 and a load 36.

The control devices 100-1 and 100-2 are set to allow for the reactive power and the active power to be output at normal times. When an excess output command indicating that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output is received from the command device or the like of the electric power company in the power system 30, the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 are out of the allowable range. Outputs reactive power. The configurations of the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 will be described later.

The consideration calculation device 200-1 detects the amount of reactive power supplied by the control device 100-1 to the power system 30. The consideration calculation device 200-1 calculates the consideration paid to the manager of the control device 100-1 based on the electric energy of the reactive power. Similarly, the consideration calculation device 200-2 detects the amount of reactive power supplied by the control device 100-2 to the power system 30. The consideration calculation device 200-2 calculates the consideration paid to the manager of the control device 100-2 based on the electric energy of the reactive power.

The consideration calculation device 200-1 may be provided inside the control device 100-1, or may be communicably connected to the control device 100-1 as a device separate from the control device 100-1. The consideration calculation device 200-2 may be provided inside the control device 100-2, or may be communicably connected to the control device 100-2 as a device separate from the control device 100-2. Further, the consideration calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 may be devices provided in the power system 30 managed by the electric power company. The configurations of the consideration calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 will be described later.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a control device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The control device 100 includes a power conditioner 102, a setting unit 110, an output control unit 120, and a reception unit 130. The power conditioner 102 receives electric power from the distributed power source 20 and outputs electric power to the electric power system 30. The power conditioner 102 is also called an inverter.

The setting unit 110 is a range setting unit in which the allowable range of the reactive power and the active power output by the control device 100 at normal times is set. The output control unit 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the allowable range set in the setting unit 110. The receiving unit 130 receives an excess output command from the command device in the power system 30 to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output. The command device in the power system 30 may be a control device that controls the power system 30, or may be a terminal device of an administrator who manages the power system. The receiving unit 130 may receive the excess output command directly from the command device, or may receive the excess output command via another notification device or the like.

When the receiving unit 130 receives the excess output command, the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power out of the permissible range. Specifically, the output control unit 120 controls the power conditioner so that when the receiving unit 130 receives the excess output command, it outputs the reactive power out of the permissible range.

Generally, the maximum output power of the distributed power source 20 such as a photovoltaic power generation device is set to be larger than the maximum power (capacity) that can be output by the power conditioner 102. Considering that the solar power generation device cannot generate the maximum output power for a long period of time due to the weather or the like, the economic efficiency can be improved by using the power conditioner 102 in the vicinity of the maximum power. However, in the present embodiment, the maximum power that can be output by the power conditioner 102 may be larger than the maximum power that can be output by the distributed power source 20 in order to secure the power capacity of the reactive power output from the power conditioner 102.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the control contents of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in the first embodiment. The circle shown in FIG. 3 indicates the maximum apparent power that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30. The apparent power is represented by the vector sum of the active power and the reactive power. The vertical axis of FIG. 3 shows the active power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis shows the active power P (W). The maximum apparent power that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30 is determined by, for example, the capacity of the semiconductor switch of the power conditioner 102 and the thickness of the wiring.

The hatched area indicates the allowable range M of the reactive power and the active power output by the control device 100 at normal times. As shown in FIG. 3, the power factor range of the reactive power and the active power may be set as the allowable range M. In FIG. 3, the permissible range is defined as a range in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less. For example, α is a predetermined value. α may be 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less, and may be 0.8. Power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power.

The output control unit 120 controls the reactive power Q and the active power P supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system within the allowable range M set in the setting unit 110. In FIG. 3, the reactive power is controlled to _Q0 as the current output. When the receiving unit 130 receives an excess output command from the command device in the power system 30 to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range M should be output, the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power _Qt outside the allowable range M. do.

In this example, the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power _Qt outside the power factor range when the receiving unit 130 receives the excess output command. Reactive power increases from Q ₀ to Q _t . Q ₀ indicates the current reactive power before the change, and Q _t indicates the reactive power requested by the power company at time t, that is, the reactive power specified by the excess output command. The amount of increase in the reactive power D ₁ is | Qt _{−Q 0} |. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the reactive power exceeds the allowable range M in the range of _Q1 or more. The excess power D ₂ of the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range M is | Qt _{−Q 1} |.

The output control unit 120 increases the reactive power Q supplied to the power system while maintaining the active power P (referred to as _Pt ) supplied to the power system when the receiving unit 130 receives the excess output command. In this case, the reactive power Q ₁ exceeding the allowable range M is represented by the following formula. _Pt is the active power maintained before and after the change, and α is the power factor.

The consideration calculation device 200 shown in FIG. 1 calculates the electric energy (Var · second) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the reactive power increase amount D ₁ , that is, the power of the reactive power according to the excess output command. The consideration may be calculated based on the increased amount of electric power (Var · second). When the reactive power increases, the degree to which the control device 100 is consumed increases accordingly. Therefore, by calculating the consideration based on the increased electric energy (Var · second), it is possible to compensate for the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs the reactive power.

However, the calculation of consideration is not limited to this case. The consideration calculation device 200 is the electric energy (Var · second) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the excess power D ₂ of the reactive power, that is, the reactive power output exceeding the permissible range in response to the excess output command. The consideration may be calculated based on the amount of excess power (Var · second). Within the predetermined allowable range M, the distributed power source 20 (power generation device) contributes to system stabilization as its own responsibility range, while the administrator of the distributed power source 20 contributes to the excess amount exceeding the responsibility range. , May be configured to receive compensation according to the amount of excess power (Var · second).

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing other examples of the control contents of the reactive power and the active power by the control device in the first embodiment. The circle shown in FIG. 4 indicates the maximum apparent power that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30. The vertical axis of FIG. 4 shows the active power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis shows the active power P (W). The hatched area indicates the allowable range M of the reactive power and the active power output by the control device 100 at normal times. As shown in FIG. 4, the power factor range of the reactive power and the active power may be set as the allowable range M.

In the case shown in FIG. 4, the output control unit 120 normally supplies the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the allowable range M set in the setting unit 110, and the active power _Q0 and the active power P. Control ₀ . In this example, the receiving unit 130 receives an excess output command to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range M should be output. When the output control unit 120 increases the reactive power Q ₀ to Q _t in response to the excess output command (when the reactive power increase amount D ₁ ), the apparent power exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30. The maximum power is determined by the capacity of the wiring, the output capacity of the control device (capacity of the semiconductor switch), and the like.

The output control unit 120 reduces the active power P from P ₀ to P _t when the apparent power when the reactive power is increased in response to the excess output command exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30. , Increases the reactive power Q to _Qt . Specifically, when the excess output command commands the supply of the reactive power Q _t , the active power P ₀ is reduced until it becomes P _t or less that intersects the circle indicating the maximum power of the apparent power. As a result, the reactive power based on the excess output command can be supplied to the power system 30 within the maximum power of the apparent power. Therefore, the voltage fluctuation of the power system 30 can be suppressed.

When there are a plurality of control devices 100-1 and 100-2, as shown in FIG. 3, the amount of the active power supplied to the power system 30 can be increased as long as the active power is not reduced. Distributed power sources 20-1, which are more than distributed power sources 20-2, may preferentially increase reactive power.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing other examples of allowable ranges for reactive power and active power. 3 and 4 show a fan-shaped range in which the apparent power is smaller than the maximum power value (meaning that it is inside the circle in FIGS. 3 and 4) and the power factor is α or more and 1 or less. Was shown to be the allowable range M. However, the allowable range M is not limited to this case. In FIG. 5, the range of the triangle in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less and the active power P is A or less (A is a constant predetermined to be equal to or less than the maximum power of the apparent power) is set as the allowable range M. To.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing other examples of allowable ranges for reactive power and active power. In FIG. 6, the power factor is α or more and 1 or less, the active power P is B or more (however, B is a predetermined constant), and the reactive power is −Q _m or more and + Q _m or less (however, B is a predetermined constant). However, a range (shown by hatching in FIG. 6), which is a constant (Q _m ), may be set as an allowable range M. The constant B is a predetermined constant of 0.01 times or more and 0.1 times or less of the maximum power of the apparent power, for example, 0.05 times the maximum power of the apparent power. The constant Q _m may be 0.4 or more and 0.5 or less, for example, 0.44 of the maximum power of the apparent power. The threshold value (absolute value) when the reactive power is negative is the reactive power so that -Q _m is 0.25 times the maximum power of the apparent power and + Q _m is 0.44 times the maximum power of the apparent power. May be set to be smaller than the threshold value (absolute value) when is positive.

Even within the permissible range as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the output control unit 120 supplies the power system 30 while maintaining the active power supplied to the power system 30 when the receiving unit receives the excess output command. The amount of reactive power supplied can be increased. Further, the output control unit 120 reduces the active power and increases the reactive power when the apparent power when the reactive power is increased in response to the excess output command exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system. You can also do it.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a consideration calculation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The consideration calculation device 200 may be provided in the control device 100, or may be provided outside the control device 100. The consideration calculation device 200 includes a power detection unit 210 and a consideration calculation unit 220. The power detection unit 210 detects the electric energy (Var · second) of the reactive power supplied by the control device 100 to the power system 30. The power detection unit 210 may be a power management instrument (electric energy meter). Various types of power meters can be adopted as power management instruments.

The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the consideration paid to the manager of the control device 100 based on the electric energy of the reactive power detected by the power detection unit 210. The consideration calculation device 200 may include a notification unit 230. The notification unit 230 may notify at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source of the calculated consideration.

The consideration calculation unit 220 may acquire the consideration information. The consideration calculation unit 220 may calculate the consideration paid to the administrator of the control device 100 based on the electric energy of the reactive power detected by the power detection unit 210 and the consideration information. The consideration information is, for example, the price per unit of the amount of idle power. The consideration information may be set in advance. For example, the consideration information may be determined by an electric power company or the like. Further, the consideration information may be derived by the consideration calculation unit 220 by acquiring the transaction information in the electric energy trading market of the active electric energy, the electric power trading market of the inactive electric power, or the like.

The consideration information may be set based on the consideration paid for the active power. In this case, the consideration calculation unit 220 further calculates the consideration paid for the active power based on the consideration paid for the active power. In one example, the unit price of the active power amount may be higher than the unit price of the active power amount.

By making the unit price of the reactive power amount higher than the unit price of the active power amount, even if the output of the active power is reduced to supply the reactive power, the consideration paid to the administrator of the control device 100 does not decrease. .. Further, if the number of distributed power sources 20 such as photovoltaic power generation devices increases in the future, the amount of active power supplied will increase, so that the amount of active power may be more surplus than the amount of invalid power. By making the unit price of the amount of idle power higher than the unit price of the amount of active power, it is possible to deal with such a supply-demand relationship. Further, the control device 100 and the distributed power source 20 that have contributed to the stabilization of the power system 30 can be highly evaluated.

The consideration calculation unit 220 may be provided in the power system 30. In one example, the consideration calculation unit 220 may be a command device of an electric power company provided in the electric power system 30. The power detection unit 210 may be provided at the output end of the control device 100-1 and the output end of the control device 100-2, respectively, and the consideration calculation unit 220 may be provided at the power system 30. In this case, each power detection unit 210 and the consideration calculation unit 220 are communicably connected. The consideration calculation unit 220 may receive the measurement result of the electric energy of the reactive power from each power detection unit 210. Therefore, the consideration calculation device 200 does not necessarily have to include the power detection unit 210.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure in the electric power system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the setting unit 110 of the control device 100 is set with an allowable range of the reactive power and the active power to be output in the normal state. For example, the setting unit 110 is set with a power factor range of reactive power and active power as an allowable range. In the normal state, the output control unit 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the allowable range set in the setting unit 110 (step S101). When the receiving unit 130 has not received the excess output command to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output from the command device in the power system 30 (step S102: NO), the output control unit 120 has the setting unit 110. The control of the reactive power and the active power is continued within the permissible range set in (step S101).

When the receiving unit 130 receives an excess output command from the command device in the power system 30 to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output (step S102: YES), the output control unit 120 is shown in FIG. As a result, the reactive power outside the permissible range is output (step S103). At this time, the output control unit 120 may increase the reactive power supplied to the power system 30 while maintaining the active power supplied to the power system 30 when the receiving unit 130 receives the excess output command. As a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the acquisition price for active power.

The power detection unit 210 in the consideration calculation device 200 acquires power information. The power detection unit 210 detects the amount of reactive power supplied by the control device 100 to the power system 30. The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the excess power amount of the reactive power output exceeding the permissible range based on the detection result of the power amount from the power detection unit 210 (step S104). The excess power amount is the amount of power (Var · second) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the excess power D ₂ (see FIG. 3) of the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range.

The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the consideration paid to each administrator of the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 based on the excess power amount of the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range (step S105). The notification unit 230 notifies the electric power company of the calculated consideration information (step S106). Specifically, the notification unit 230 may notify at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source of the calculated consideration. As a result, the power generation company can receive payment of consideration from the electric power company (step S107). The power generation company may be the manager of the control device 100.

In the process of FIG. 8, in steps S104 and S105, the consideration is calculated based on the excess power amount obtained by integrating the excess power D ₂ (see FIG. 3) of the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range M. The case was shown. However, the consideration calculation unit 220 may calculate the consideration based on the increased power amount in which the power of the reactive power is increased in response to the excess output command. The increased electric energy is the electric energy (Var · sec) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the inactive power increase amount D ₁ (see FIG. 3) in which the inactive power is increased in response to the excess output command.

When the reactive power increases, the degree to which the control device 100 is consumed increases accordingly. Therefore, by calculating the consideration based on the increased electric energy (Var · second), it is possible to compensate for the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs the reactive power.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the processing procedure in the electric power system according to the first embodiment. The processing of step S201 and step S202 is the same as the processing of step S101 and step S102 of FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

The output control unit 120 determines whether or not the apparent power when the reactive power is increased in response to the excess output command exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203). When the apparent power when the reactive power is increased exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203: YES), the active power is decreased and the reactive power is increased (step S204). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, when the excess output command commands the supply of the reactive power _{Qt, the active power is reduced to P t or} less that intersects the circle indicating the maximum power of the apparent power. Decrease P ₀ . As a result, the output control unit 120 can supply the reactive power based on the excess output command to the power system 30 within the range of the maximum power of the apparent power (step S205).

If the apparent power when the reactive power is increased does not exceed the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203: NO), the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power outside the permissible range (step S203: NO). S205). The processing from step 205 to step S209 is the same as the processing from step S103 to step S107 in FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

According to the process shown in FIG. 9, if the supply amount of the reactive power is increased while maintaining the active power, the reactive power can be increased in response to the excess output command even when the apparent power exceeds the maximum power. .. This can contribute to voltage stabilization of the power system 30. Then, in this case as well, the consideration for the amount of reactive power can be calculated based on the amount of increased power of the reactive power (Var · second) or the amount of excess power of the reactive power (Var · sec). As a result, it is possible to compensate for the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs the reactive power and give an incentive to the voltage stabilization of the power system 30.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the electric power system according to the first embodiment. In the electric power system 2, a notification device 300 is added to the electric power system 1 shown in FIG. The power system 2 includes a plurality of control devices 100-1 and 100-2, and a notification device 300 for notifying the respective control devices 100-1 and 100-2 of the excess output command. The number of control devices 100-1 and 100-2 may be three or more.

The notification device 300 may be a command device provided in the power system to transmit an excess output command to the effect that an reactive power exceeding an allowable range should be output, and may be a device that collectively manages a plurality of distributed power sources. May be. For example, the notification device 300 is a business operator that controls the balance between the electric power company and the consumer in the quantity response (DR) that controls the demand amount of the consumer and keeps the balance between the supply and demand of the electric power. It may be an aggregator device. If the notification device 300 is not the command device itself, the notification device 300 receives an excess output command from the command device and exceeds the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2, respectively. The output command may be notified.

The notification device 300 sets the reactive power to be output to the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 based on the active power supplied to the power system by the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2. You can do it. For example, the notification device 300 gives priority to the distributed power source 20-1 in which the amount of the active power supplied to the power system 30 can be increased more than the other distributed power sources 20-2 within the range in which the active power is not reduced. Increases reactive power. The preferential increase in the reactive power may include allocating a large amount of the increase in the reactive power to the distributed power source 20-1 having a higher priority than the other distributed power sources 20-2. Even if a plurality of distributed power sources are selected in the order of priority and the active power from each of the selected distributed power sources 20 is increased so as to be the maximum (the state where the apparent power is the maximum power). good.

The notification device 300 may set the reactive power to be output to the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2, respectively, based on the current reactive power. Further, the notification device 300 may set the invalid power to be output to the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2, respectively, based on the capacity determined by the thickness of the wiring and the like. The notification device 300 may increase the reactive power by giving priority to the distributed power source 20 having a power factor close to 1. When the power factor is close to 1, the remaining power for increasing the reactive power is larger than when the power factor is close to 0. Alternatively, the notification device 300 may increase the reactive power by giving priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose current apparent power is smaller than that of the other distributed power source 20-2. Further, the notification device 300 may increase the reactive power by giving priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose predicted value of the output fluctuation due to the weather or the like is smaller than that of the other distributed power source 20-2.

The notification device 300 may increase the reactive power by giving priority to the distributed power source 20-1 having a capacity of the connected electric wire larger than that of the other distributed power sources 20-2. As a result, the voltage fluctuation due to the fluctuation of the reactive power becomes small. The notification device 300 may increase the reactive power by giving priority to the distributed power source 20-1 having a current voltage margin larger than that of the other distributed power source 20-2 with respect to the voltage allowable range.

When a plurality of distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 and control devices 100-1 and 100-2 are included, the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 (control) are included, respectively, based on the various viewpoints described above. It is possible to set the reactive power to be output from the devices 100-1 and 100-2) to the power system 30.

[Second Embodiment]
In the control device 100 of the first embodiment, the allowable range of the reactive power and the active power to be output in the normal time is set, and the excess output command to the effect that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output from the command device in the power system 30. Was shown to be received. Further, the consideration calculation device 200 of the first embodiment shows a case where the consideration is calculated from the amount of ineffective power output from the control device 100. However, the present invention is not limited to this case. The electric power system 1 in the second embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1, except that the processing content of the control device 100 and the processing content of the consideration calculation device 200 are different. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

Also in the electric power system of the second embodiment, the consideration calculation device 200-1 may be provided inside the control device 100-1, and the control device 100-1 is a device different from the control device 100-1. It may be connected so that it can communicate. The same applies to the consideration calculation device 200-2. Further, the consideration calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 may be devices provided in the power system 30 managed by the electric power company.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a control device 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The control device 100 includes a power factor range setting unit 140 as a range setting unit and a power factor change command receiving unit 150 as a receiving unit. Except for these points, the configuration of the control device 100 is the same as the configuration of the control device 100 shown in FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

The power factor range setting unit 140 is a range setting unit in which the first power factor range is set. The first power factor range means the range of power factor normally allowed in the control device 100. The output control unit 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the first power factor range set in the power factor range setting unit 140. The power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives a power factor change command for changing the power factor range from the command device in the power system 30 to a second power factor range including an additional range having a smaller power factor than the first power factor range. do. The command device in the power system 30 may be a control device that controls the power system 30, or may be a terminal device of an administrator who manages the power system. The power factor change command receiving unit 150 may receive the power factor change command directly from the command device, or may receive the power factor change command via another notification device or the like.

The output control unit 120 outputs the electric power within the second power factor range when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. Specifically, the output control unit 120 controls the power conditioner so as to output the reactive power outside the first power factor range when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the control contents of the reactive power and the active power by the control device 100 in the second embodiment. The circle shown in FIG. 12 indicates the maximum power of the apparent power S that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30. The maximum power of the apparent power S that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30 is determined by, for example, the capacity of the semiconductor switch of the power conditioner 102 and the thickness of the wiring. The apparent power S is represented by the vector sum of the active power P and the reactive power Q.

The vertical axis of FIG. 12 shows the active power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis shows the active power P (W). The positive reactive power Q (Var) on the vertical axis of FIG. 12 increases the voltage of the power system 30, and the negative power Q (Var) on the vertical axis decreases the voltage of the power system 30. In this example, a case where the voltage of the power system 30 is lowered by the reactive power Q (Var) so that the voltage of the power system 30 does not become too high will be described.

The hatched area means the allowable range of the reactive power and the active power output by the control device 100 at normal times. In the second embodiment, the hatched region indicates the first power factor range M1, that is, the range of power factor normally allowed by the control device 100. It can be said that the ineffective power injection in the first power factor range M1 is the ineffective power injection as a countermeasure against the voltage rise output from the control device 100 itself. The first power factor range M1 may be the range of responsibility of the control device 100. It may be decided by an agreement with the electric power company and may be instructed through the network.

The output control unit 120 controls the reactive power Q and the active power P supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the first power factor range M1 set in the power factor range setting unit 140. Reactive power is controlled to _Q0 as the current output. In the example shown in FIG. 12, Q ₀ = 0 and the power factor is 1.

When the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command from the command device in the power system 30, the output control unit 120 outputs the power within the second power factor range M2. The output control unit 120 may change the power factor range from the first power factor range M1 to the second power factor range M2. The second power factor range M2 includes an additional range Ma whose absolute value of power factor is smaller than that of the first power factor range M1. In other words, the second power factor range M2 extends to a range in which the absolute value of the power factor is smaller than that of the first power factor range M1. Of the second power range M2, the injection of the reactive power in the additional range Ma goes beyond the responsibility range of the control device 100 and corresponds to the injection of the reactive power as a cooperation for system stabilization.

In FIG. 12, the first power factor range M1 is defined as a range in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less. For example, α may be 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less, and may be 0.8. The load range Ma is defined as a range in which the power factor is β or more and less than α (however, β is smaller than α). When α is 0.8, β may be 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, and may be 0.3 or more and 0.5 or less. In this example, β is 0.5. The second power factor range M2 is a range of M1 + Ma. The second power factor range M2 is defined as a range in which the power factor is β or more and 1 or less.

When the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command, the output control unit 120 increases the reactive power Q supplied to the power system while maintaining the active power _P0 supplied to the power system. good. The output control unit 120 is outside the first power factor range M1 while maintaining the active power P (referred to as _Pt ) supplied to the power system when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. The ineffective power _Qt of may be output. Preferably, the output control unit 120 may output the reactive power _Qt within the additional range Ma when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the output control unit 120 has a second power factor whose power factor is set to β or more and 1 or less when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. Reactive power _Qt may be output so as to achieve the minimum power factor β within the range.

In the present embodiment, unlike the case of the first embodiment, it is not necessary to calculate | Qt _{−Q 0} | which is the amount of increase in the reactive power D ₁ , and the excess power of the reactive power output exceeding the permissible range is obtained. There is no need to calculate.

In the consideration calculation device 200 of the first embodiment, as described in FIG. 3, the power amount (Var · second) obtained by time _- integrating (integrating) the reactive power increase amount D1, that is, the excess output command is applied. A case where the consideration is calculated based on the increased electric energy (Var · sec) in which the electric power of the reactive power is increased accordingly is shown. On the other hand, in the consideration calculation device 200 of the second embodiment, the consideration can be calculated according to the first power factor range M1 and the second power factor range M2.

In one example, the consideration calculation device 200 of the second embodiment has a first reactive power Q _1max , which is the maximum reactive power (absolute value of the reactive power) that can be output within the first power factor range M1, and a second power factor. The consideration paid to the administrator of the control device 100 is calculated according to the second reactive power Q _2max , which is the maximum reactive power (absolute value of the reactive power) that can be output within the range M2. Specifically, the consideration calculation device 200 calculates the consideration based on the electric energy (Var · second) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max . You may calculate.

The first reactive power Q _1max is the reactive power that achieves the minimum power factor α in the first power factor range M1. The second reactive power Q _2max is the reactive power that achieves the minimum power factor β in the second power factor range M2. Therefore, the consideration calculation device 200 pays for the ineffective power that achieves the minimum power factor α in the first power factor range M1 and the ineffective power that achieves the minimum power factor β in the second power factor range M2. calculate.

The power factor is the ratio of the active power P to the apparent power S, and is represented by cos θ using the phase difference θ. Therefore, _assuming that the maximum power of the apparent power S is S _max , the first reactive power Q 1 max is given by S _max · sin θ _α . Similarly, the second reactive power Q _1max is given by S _max · sin θ _β . _θα and θβ are phase differences when the power factors are α and _β , respectively. The maximum power S _max corresponds to the radius of the circle shown in FIG. When calculating the consideration based on the electric energy (Var · sec) obtained by time-integrating (integrating) the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max , the consideration is as follows. It can be calculated by a mathematical formula. k is a constant and t is time. However, the consideration calculation process may be based on the first power factor range M1 and the second power factor range M2, and the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max is time-integrated. Not limited to.

As described above, according to the consideration calculation device 200 of the present embodiment, the consideration can be calculated by the set power factors α and β regardless of the amount of ineffective power actually output. Therefore, the consideration can be calculated without actually measuring the reactive power. This makes it possible to easily and quickly calculate an appropriate consideration according to the cooperation for power system stabilization.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing other examples of the control contents of the reactive power and the active power by the control device 100 in the second embodiment. The circle shown in FIG. 13 also indicates the maximum apparent power that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30. The vertical axis of FIG. 13 shows the active power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis shows the active power P (W). The hatched area indicates the first power factor range M1.

In the example shown in FIG. 13, the output control unit 120 reduces the active power P from P ₀ to P _t when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command, and the additional range Ma. Outputs the reactive power _Qt within. In particular, the output control unit 120 reduces the active power P within the power range in which the apparent power S is equal to or less than the predetermined maximum power S _max when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. At the same time, the reactive power is output within the additional range Ma. In particular, when the apparent power S when the minimum power factor β in the second power factor range M2 is achieved while maintaining the active power P ₀ , the output control unit 120 exceeds the maximum power S _max , the apparent power S Reduces the active power P ₀ until it falls within the power range where the maximum power S _max is less than or equal to. As a result, the minimum value β of the power factor in the second power factor range M2 based on the power factor change command is achieved within the maximum power factor S _max of the apparent power S.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing another example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device 100 in the second embodiment. Unlike the control content shown in FIG. 13, the output control unit 120 sets the maximum power factor S _max when the apparent power factor S achieves the minimum power factor β in the second power factor range M2 while maintaining the active power P ₀ . If it exceeds, the active power P ₀ may not be reduced. The output control unit 120 may output the reactive power _Qt within the additional range Ma in the second power factor range M2 while maintaining the active power _P0 . In this case as well, the consideration calculation device 200 does not need to actually measure the output of the actual reactive power _Qt . As described in FIG. 12, the consideration calculation device 200 can calculate the consideration based on the first power factor range M1 and the second power factor range M2. Specifically, the consideration calculation device 200 may calculate the consideration by integrating the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max over time.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power by the control device 100 in the second embodiment. In FIG. 15, the range of the triangle in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less and the active power P is A or less (A is a constant predetermined to be equal to or less than the maximum power of the apparent power) is set as the allowable range M. There is. As shown in FIG. 15, the control content of the second embodiment can be applied even when the allowable range M is defined not only by the power factor but also by the active power P, the active power Q, and the like.

The allowable range M shown in FIG. 15 also includes the first power factor range in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less. Therefore, when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command, the output control unit 120 changes the power factor range from the first power factor range to the second power factor range, and the second power factor. It can output power within the range. The allowable range M shown in FIG. 6 in the first embodiment also includes the first power factor range in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less, so that the control in the second embodiment is applied. Can be done.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a consideration calculation device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The consideration calculation device 200 may be provided in the control device 100, or may be provided outside the control device 100. The consideration calculation device 200 includes a consideration calculation unit 220.

The consideration calculation device 200 acquires information about the second power factor range M2. The information about the second power factor range M2 may be a designated value of the power factor β. The consideration calculation device 200 may receive a power factor change command from the command device and acquire the second power factor range M2 from the received power factor change command. The consideration calculation device 200 may acquire information about the first power factor range M1 and the maximum power S _max of the apparent power S in each control device 100. The information about the first power factor range M1 may include a set value of the power factor α.

When the consideration calculation device 200 is provided in the control device 100, information about the first power factor range M1 can be acquired inside the device. When the consideration calculation device 200 is provided outside the control device 100, information on the maximum power factor S _max of the first power factor range M1 and the apparent power S may be acquired from the control device 100 or another communication device. ..

The consideration calculation device 200 may include a notification unit 230. The notification unit 230 may notify at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source of the calculated consideration.

The consideration calculation unit 220 may acquire the consideration information. The consideration calculation unit 220 may calculate the consideration paid to the manager of the control device 100 based on the information about the first power factor range M1 and the information about the first power factor range M1 and the consideration information. The consideration information is, for example, the price per unit of the amount of idle power. The consideration information may be set in advance. For example, the consideration information may be determined by an electric power company or the like. Further, the consideration information may be derived by the consideration calculation unit 220 by acquiring the transaction information in the electric energy trading market of the active electric energy, the electric power trading market of the reactive power, and the like.

The consideration information may be set based on the consideration paid for the active power. In this case, the consideration calculation unit 220 further calculates the consideration according to the time integration amount of the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max , based on the consideration paid for the active electric energy amount. .. In one example, the unit price for the time integration amount of the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max may be higher than the unit price of the active power amount.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure in the electric power system according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, a first power factor range M1 indicating a range of power factors allowed in normal times is set in the power factor range setting unit 140 of the control device 100. In the normal state, the output control unit 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the first power factor range M1 set in the power factor range setting unit 140 ( Step S301). The power factor change command receiving unit 150 changes the power factor range from the command device in the power system 30 to the second power factor range M2 including the additional range having a smaller power factor than the first power factor range M1. (Step S302: NO), the output control unit 120 continues to control the invalid power and the active power within the first power factor range M1 set in the power factor range setting unit 140 (step S302: NO). S301).

When the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command from the command device in the power system 30 (step S302: YES), the output control unit 120 sets the power factor range from the first power factor range M1 to the first. 2 Change to the power factor range M2 (step S303). When a power factor change command is received from the command device in the power system 30, the output control unit 120 outputs the power within the second power factor range M2 as shown in FIG. 12 or FIG. 14 (step). S304). At this time, the output control unit 120 supplies the power system 30 in the additional region Ma while maintaining the active power supplied to the power system 30 when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command. The ineffective power to be output may be output. In particular, when the power factor change command receiving unit 150 receives the power factor change command, the output control unit 120 sets the minimum power factor β within the second power factor range defined as the power factor of β or more and 1 or less. Reactive power _Qt may be output to achieve this.

The consideration calculation device 200 acquires each information about the first power factor range M1 and the second power factor range M2. The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the consideration according to the first power factor range M1 and the second power factor range M2 (step S305). The notification unit 230 notifies the electric power company of the calculated consideration information (step S306). Specifically, the notification unit 230 may notify at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source of the calculated consideration. As a result, the power generation company can receive payment of consideration from the electric power company (step S307). The power generation company may be the manager of the control device 100.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of consideration calculation in the second embodiment. FIG. 18 is an example of the process of step S305 in FIG. The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the first reactive power Q _1max , which is the maximum reactive power that can be output within the first power factor range M1 (step S31). The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the second reactive power Q _2max , which is the maximum reactive power (absolute value of the reactive power) that can be output within the second power factor range M2 (step S32). The consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max (step S33). Next, the consideration calculation unit 220 calculates the electric energy (Var · second) by time-integrating (integrating) the difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max (step S35). The consideration calculation unit 220 may calculate the consideration by multiplying the electric energy (Var · second) by the constant k.

The constant k may be a constant corresponding to the hourly unit price. The difference between the second reactive power Q _2max and the first reactive power Q _1max used in the second embodiment as compared with | Q _t −Q ₀ |, which is the amount of increase in the reactive power D ₁ used in the first embodiment. A certain | Q _2max- Q _1max | may be large. Therefore, the consideration calculated based on | Q _2max −Q _1max | may be higher than the consideration calculated based on | _Qt −Q ₀ |, which is the amount of increase in reactive power D ₁ . Therefore, a constant so that the difference between the consideration calculated based on | Q _2max −Q _1max | and the consideration calculated based on | Q _t −Q ₀ |, which is the amount of increase in reactive power D ₁ , is small. k may be set.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing another example of the processing procedure in the electric power system according to the second embodiment. The process from step S401 to step S403 is the same as the process from step S301 to step S303 in FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

The output control unit 120 determines whether or not the apparent power S when achieving the minimum power factor β in the second power factor range M2 while maintaining the active power P ₀ exceeds the maximum power factor S _max (step S404). ). When the apparent power S in this case exceeds the maximum power S _max (step S404: YES), the active power is reduced (step S405), and the power within the second power factor range M2 is output (step S406). ..

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, the output control unit 120 reduces the active power P ₀ until the apparent power S is within the power range in which the maximum power S _max is equal to or less than the maximum power S max. As a result, within the maximum power factor S _max of the apparent power S, the reactive power that achieves the minimum value β of the power factor in the second power factor range M2 based on the power factor change command is output. The process from step S407 to step S409 is the same as the process from step S305 to step S307 in FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted.

The power system of the second embodiment may include the notification device 300 as in the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the repeated description will be omitted. The notification device 300 is provided in the power system 30 and transmits a power factor change command for changing the power factor range to the second power factor range M2 including the additional range Ma whose power factor is smaller than the first power factor range M1. It may be a command device, or it may be a device that collectively manages a plurality of distributed power sources. For example, the notification device 300 is a business operator that controls the balance between the electric power company and the consumer in the quantity response (DR) that controls the demand amount of the consumer and keeps the balance between the supply and demand of the electric power. It may be an aggregator device. When the notification device 300 is not the command device itself, the notification device 300 receives a power factor change command from the command device and sends the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 of the distributed power supplies 20-1 and 20-2. You may notify the power factor change command.

FIG. 20 shows an example of a computer 2200 in which a plurality of aspects of the present invention may be embodied in whole or in part. FIG. 20 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the computer 2200 that functions as the consideration calculation device 200. Further, a plurality of computers may cooperate to function as the consideration calculation device 200.

The computer 2200 according to the present embodiment is connected to the host controller 2210 by an input / output controller 2220 and a CPU peripheral portion having a CPU 2212, a RAM 2214, a graphic controller 2216, and a display device 2218 connected to each other by a host controller 2210. It includes an input / output unit having a communication interface 2222, a hard disk drive 2224, and a DVD drive 2226, and a legacy input / output unit having a ROM 2230 and an input / output chip 2240 connected to the input / output controller 2220.

The host controller 2210 connects the RAM 2214 to the CPU 2212 and the graphics controller 2216 that access the RAM 2214 at a high transfer rate. The CPU 2212 operates based on the programs stored in the ROM 2230 and the RAM 2214, and controls each part. The graphic controller 2216 acquires image data generated on a frame buffer provided in the RAM 2214 by the CPU 2212 and the like, and displays the image data on the display device 2218. Alternatively, the graphic controller 2216 may internally include a frame buffer for storing image data generated by the CPU 2212 or the like.

The input / output controller 2220 connects the host controller 2210 to a communication interface 2222, a hard disk drive 2224, and a DVD drive 2226, which are relatively high-speed input / output devices. The communication interface 2222 communicates with other devices via the network. The hard disk drive 2224 stores programs and data used by the CPU 2212 in the computer 2200. The DVD drive 2226 reads a program or data from the DVD-ROM 2201 and provides it to the hard disk drive 2224 via the RAM 2214.

Further, a relatively low-speed input / output device of the ROM 2230 and the input / output chip 2240 is connected to the input / output controller 2220. The ROM 2230 stores a boot program executed by the computer 2200 at startup, and / or a program depending on the hardware of the computer 2200. The input / output chip 2240 connects various input / output devices to the input / output controller 2220 via, for example, a parallel port, a serial port, a keyboard port for connecting a keyboard 2242, a mouse port, and the like.

The program provided to the hard disk drive 2224 via the RAM 2214 is stored in a recording medium such as a DVD-ROM 2201 or an IC card and provided by the user. The program is read from the recording medium, installed on the hard disk drive 2224 in the computer 2200 via the RAM 2214, and executed in the CPU 2212. The program is installed in the computer 2200 and causes the computer 2200 to function as each configuration of the consideration calculation device 200 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.

The information processing described in the program is read into the computer 2200, and the power detection unit 210, the consideration calculation unit 220, and the notification unit, which are specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other, are used. Functions as at least part of 230. Then, by realizing the calculation or processing of information according to the purpose of use of the computer 2200 in the present embodiment by this specific means, a unique consideration calculation device 200 according to the purpose of use is constructed.

As an example, when communicating between the computer 2200 and an external device or the like, the CPU 2212 executes a communication program loaded on the RAM 2214, and a communication interface is executed based on the processing content described in the communication program. Instructs 2222 to process communication. Under the control of the CPU 2212, the communication interface 2222 reads out the transmission data stored in the transmission buffer area or the like provided on the storage device such as the RAM 2214, the hard disk drive 2224, or the DVD-ROM 2201, and transmits the transmission data to the network. , The received data received from the network is written to the reception buffer area or the like provided on the storage device. As described above, the communication interface 2222 may transfer the transmission / reception data to / from the storage device by the DMA (direct memory access) method, and instead, the CPU 2212 may transfer the transmission / reception data to the storage device or the communication interface 2222 of the transfer source. The transmitted / received data may be transferred by reading data from the data and writing the data to the communication interface 2222 or the storage device of the transfer destination.

Further, the CPU 2212 reads all or necessary parts of the files or databases stored in the external storage device such as the hard disk drive 2224 and the DVD drive 2226 (DVD-ROM2201) into the RAM 2214 by DMA transfer or the like. Various processes are performed on the data on the RAM 2214. Then, the CPU 2212 writes the processed data back to the external storage device by DMA transfer or the like. In such processing, the RAM 2214 can be regarded as temporarily holding the contents of the external storage device. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the RAM 2214 and the external storage device are collectively referred to as a memory, a storage unit, a storage device, or the like. Various information such as various programs, data, tables, and databases in the present embodiment are stored in such a storage device and are subject to information processing. The CPU 2212 can also hold a part of the RAM 2214 in the cache memory and read / write on the cache memory. Even in such a form, the cache memory plays a part of the function of the RAM 2214. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cache memory is also included in the RAM 2214, the memory, and / or the storage device, unless otherwise indicated. do.

Further, the CPU 2212 includes various operations described in the present embodiment, information processing, condition determination, information retrieval / replacement, and the like, which are specified by the instruction sequence of the program for the data read from the RAM 2214. Is processed and written back to RAM 2214. For example, when the CPU 2212 makes a conditional determination, whether or not the various variables shown in the present embodiment satisfy the conditions such as large, small, above, below, and equal to other variables or constants. If the condition is satisfied (or not satisfied), it branches to a different instruction sequence or calls a subroutine.

Further, the CPU 2212 can search for information stored in a file or a database in the storage device. For example, when a plurality of entries in which the attribute value of the second attribute is associated with the attribute value of the first attribute are stored in the storage device, the CPU 2212 describes the plurality of entries stored in the storage device. By searching for an entry in which the attribute value of the first attribute matches the specified condition and reading the attribute value of the second attribute stored in that entry, it is associated with the first attribute that satisfies the predetermined condition. The attribute value of the second attribute obtained can be obtained.

The program or module shown above may be stored in an external recording medium. In addition to DVD-ROM2201, the recording medium includes an optical recording medium such as DVD, Blu-ray (registered trademark), or a CD, a magneto-optical recording medium such as MO, a tape medium, a flexible disk, and a semiconductor memory such as an IC card. Etc. can be used. Further, a storage device such as a hard disk or RAM provided in a dedicated communication network or a server system connected to the Internet may be used as a recording medium, and a program may be provided to the computer 2200 via the network.

Although the present invention has been described above using the embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be made to the above embodiments. It is clear from the description of the claims that the form with such changes or improvements may be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

The order of execution of each process such as operation, procedure, step, and step in the apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, specification, and drawings is particularly "before" and "prior to". It should be noted that it can be realized in any order unless the output of the previous process is used in the subsequent process. Even if the scope of claims, the specification, and the operation flow in the drawings are described using "first", "next", etc. for convenience, it means that it is essential to carry out in this order. It's not a thing.

1 ... Power system, 20 ... Distributed power supply, 30 ... Power system, 32 ... Interconnection point, 34 ... System power supply, 36 ... Load, 100 ... Control device, 102 ... Power conditioner, 110・ ・ Setting unit, 120 ・ ・ Output control unit, 130 ・ ・ Receiving unit, 140 ・ ・ Power factor range setting unit, 150 ・ ・ Power factor change command receiving unit, 200 ・ ・ Consideration calculation device, 210 ・ ・ Power detection unit , 220 ... Consideration calculation unit, 230 ... Notification unit, 300 ... Notification device, 2200 ... Computer, 2201 ... DVD-ROM, 2210 ... Host controller, 2212 ... CPU, 2214 ... RAM, 2216 Graphic controller, 2218, display device, 2220, input / output controller, 2222, communication interface, 2224, hard disk drive, 2226, DVD drive, 2230, ROM, 2240, input / output chip, 2242. ··keyboard

Claims (13)

A control device that controls distributed power sources connected to the power system.
A range setting unit where the first power factor range that is normally allowed is set, and
An output control unit that controls the reactive power and active power supplied from the distributed power source to the power system within the first power factor range set in the range setting unit.
A receiving unit for receiving a power factor change command for changing the power factor range from the command device in the power system to a second power factor range including an additional range having a power factor smaller than that of the first power factor range is provided.
The output control unit is a control device that outputs electric power within the second power factor range when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit outputs the reactive power within the additional range while maintaining the active power when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command. The output control unit maintains the active power within a power range in which the apparent power becomes equal to or less than a predetermined maximum power value when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, and the additional range. The control device according to claim 2, which outputs the above-mentioned reactive power. When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit outputs the reactive power so as to achieve the minimum power factor in the second power factor range while maintaining the active power. The control device according to claim 2 or 3. 2. The output control unit outputs the maximum reactive power that can be output within the second power factor range while maintaining the active power when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command. Or the control device according to 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit reduces the active power and outputs the reactive power within the additional range when the receiving unit receives the power factor change command. When the receiving unit receives the power factor change command, the output control unit reduces the active power within a power range in which the apparent power is equal to or less than a predetermined maximum power, and within the additional range. The control device according to claim 6, which outputs the reactive power. When the apparent power when the output control unit achieves the minimum power factor in the second power factor range while maintaining the active power exceeds the maximum power, the apparent power becomes equal to or less than the maximum power. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the active power is reduced and the disabled power is output within the power range. A consideration calculation device for calculating the consideration paid to the administrator of the control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The consideration calculation device is
A consideration calculation device including a consideration calculation unit for calculating the consideration according to the first power factor range and the second power factor range. The consideration calculation device according to claim 9, wherein the consideration calculation unit calculates the consideration based on the first power factor range, the second power factor range, and the maximum power of apparent power. The consideration calculation unit has a first reactive power, which is the maximum reactive power that can be output within the first power factor range, and a second reactive power, which is the maximum reactive power that can be output within the second power factor range. The consideration calculation device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the consideration is calculated according to the above. The plurality of control devices according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the control device.
A power system including a notification device for notifying each of the control devices of the power factor change command. A program for causing a computer to function as the consideration calculation device according to claim 9.

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