JP2022006156A - Structure of impeller, impeller manufacturing method and impeller manufacturing device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an impeller manufacturing method and a structure of an impeller that are high in productivity and suitable for fluid braking.SOLUTION: Provided is a structure of an impeller composed of a plurality of blades press-molded by a plate and arranged in an annular manner, where the cross-sectional shape of the blade is configured so that in at least a part of a region, a wall thickness of the blade continuously changes from one end part to the other end part in a circumferential or radial cross-sectional shape of the impeller. Since the impeller is formed only by press working, it has high productivity and is suitable for fluid braking due to a wall thickness change region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an impeller structure, an impeller manufacturing method, and an impeller manufacturing device.

Impellers are used in many industrial equipment that requires fluid control, from large wind turbines to various turbines, pressure-related equipment, power transmission equipment, fans and exhaust fans.

Aluminum, steel, resin, rubber and the like are used as the constituent materials of the impeller, and casting, forging, pressing, cutting, modeling with a 3D printer and the like are used as the manufacturing method. The impeller is produced by the constituent materials and manufacturing methods that meet the required conditions.

Here, the shape of the impeller is generally a three-dimensional shape in order to increase the rotational efficiency. Surface smoothness is also required to reduce fluid resistance as much as possible. As a required constituent material, when it is used for pressure-related equipment that requires a high vacuum, it is a necessary condition that there is no evaporation from an impeller or volatile components, and a metal material is mainly used as a constituent material. When used in power transmission and pressure control equipment, it is a necessary condition that it is lightweight, has high strength, and does not have much decrease in rigidity even at high temperatures.

Considering the above-mentioned harsh usage conditions, the material of the impeller is limited to metal, and the manufacturing method is limited to casting, forging, cutting, and die casting. However, die casting cannot be selected from the problem of outgas for high-speed rotating equipment such as tens of thousands RPM and vacuum rotating equipment because an empty gap called a small void is generated due to the manufacturing principle. In casting, due to the problem of dripping, the wall thickness cannot be kept below a certain level and the weight increases. In addition, it takes too much time to perform all by cutting only, and cutting marks remain on the surface. Therefore, polishing is required as a post-treatment in order to reduce the resistance of the fluid. Forging requires cutting and polishing to create a delicate shape and surface finish.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-145917

However, any of the processing methods has a problem that the production cost is high and the productivity is low.

In addition, for example, in the impeller of Patent Document 1, the wall thickness of the blade is constant, and there is a possibility that turbulence may be generated in the fluid to be braked. The blade is also desired to have high braking performance.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an impeller manufacturing method, an impeller structure, and an impeller manufacturing device, which are highly productive and suitable for fluid braking.

In order to solve the above problems, in the impeller of the present disclosure, regarding the structure of the impeller including a plurality of blades press-molded by a plate material and arranged in an annular shape, the cross-sectional shape of the blades is at least. In a part of the region, the thickness of the blade is continuously changed from one end to the other in the circumferential or radial cross-sectional shape of the impeller.

According to this aspect, by press molding, at least one region of the blade is provided with a portion whose thickness changes. The wall thickness change region can be freely set by press forming, and the surface of the region is hardened and smoothed by press working, which is suitable for fluid braking. Moreover, since it is press-processed, it is easy to process and has high productivity.

Further, in one embodiment, with respect to the structure of an impeller including a plurality of blades arranged in an annular shape, the blades are thinner than other regions and more than other regions in at least a part of the region. It is configured to include a thin portion having a relatively high hardness and a smooth surface. According to this aspect, at least a part of the blade is provided with a thin and smooth region. With such a configuration, it becomes suitable for braking the fluid.

Further, in one embodiment, an inner ring which is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the blade and is directly or indirectly connected to the inner peripheral side end of the blade, and an inner ring which is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the blade and is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the blade. The blade comprises either or both of the outer peripheral end and the outer ring directly or indirectly connected, and the blade changes its inclination with respect to the inner ring or the outer ring in at least a part of the region. It was configured as follows.

According to this aspect, the blade has an inclination with respect to the inner ring or the outer ring to be connected, which is suitable for braking the fluid. Productivity is high because the inclination is also formed only by press forming.

Further, in one embodiment, the blade has an edge portion in the end region of the blade, the wall thickness becomes thinner toward the end, the hardness is relatively higher than the other regions, and the surface is smooth. It was configured to be equipped with. According to this aspect, the edge portion makes the blade suitable for braking the fluid.

Further, in one embodiment, all the constituent surfaces of the blade are configured to be press-processed surfaces. Productivity is high because all blade processing is performed by press processing.

Further, in one embodiment, a plurality of uneven shapes are formed on one side or both sides of the front surface and the back surface constituting the blade. By forming an uneven shape according to the purpose, it is suitable for braking the fluid.

Further, in one embodiment, the plate material is configured to be a composite material using a material such as a metal in which different materials are combined in a layered manner. By using such a composite material according to the purpose, a form suitable for fluid braking can be obtained.

Further, in one embodiment, the impeller is configured to include a split impeller that is divided into a plurality of parts having the same shape. The configuration of the present disclosure is also applicable to the split impeller.

Further, as a method for manufacturing an impeller to which the configuration of the present disclosure is applied, a method for manufacturing an impeller, which is formed of a single plate material and includes a plurality of blades arranged in an annular shape, is the above-mentioned plate material. By stamping to form the blade by punching and compressing at least a part of the blade formed in the punching step by pressing, the wall thickness of at least a part of the blade can be reduced. A compression forming step of changing the blade and a bending step of bending at least a part of the blade by press working to project the blade upward or downward to give the blade a desired inclination. It was configured to be prepared. The above blades can be molded only by pressing, and the productivity is high.

Further, in one embodiment, it is configured to include an unevenness forming step of forming a plurality of uneven shapes on the surface of the blade by press working. Surface irregularities can be formed by press working, productivity is high, and the fluid braking performance of the impeller is also improved.

Further, as a manufacturing apparatus to which the configuration of the present disclosure is applied, in one embodiment, a manufacturing apparatus capable of press working a plate-shaped workpiece, and at least a first processing table capable of carrying out the punching step, and a first processing table. A second processing table capable of carrying out the compression molding step and a third processing table capable of carrying out the bending step are provided. A series of processes can be carried out as a device, and productivity is high.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an impeller manufacturing method, an impeller structure, and an impeller manufacturing device, which are highly productive and suitable for fluid braking.

It is an impeller according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 1 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 1 (B) is a perspective view, and FIG. 1 (C) is a front view. It is a partially enlarged view of the impeller focusing on one blade, FIG. 2A is a plan view, FIG. 2B is a side view, and FIG. 2C is a perspective view. A single blade is shown, FIG. 3A is a view seen from the A direction (inner peripheral side) of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is a view seen from the B direction (outer peripheral side) of FIG. .. FIG. (C) is an end view taken along the line FIG. 2 (A) III (C) -III (C). It is a flow of the manufacturing method of the impeller according to the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline structure of the manufacturing apparatus of an impeller. It is an impeller according to the second embodiment. 6 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 6 (B) is a perspective view, and FIG. 6 (C) is a front view. It is an enlarged view of the same impeller focusing on one blade. 7 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 7 (B) is a view seen from the direction C of FIG. 7 (A), and FIG. 7 (C) is a perspective view. It is an enlarged view of the impeller focusing on one blade. 8 (A) is a view seen from the D direction (inner peripheral side) of FIG. 7 (A), and FIG. 8 (B) is the line VIII (B) -VIII (B) shown in FIG. 7 (A). It is an end view along. It is a flow of the manufacturing method of the impeller according to the second embodiment. A modification (surface shape) is shown. A modification (cross-sectional shape) is shown. A modification (form of an impeller) is shown. A modified example (member to be machined) is shown. A modification (tilt angle) is shown. A modified example (split impeller) is shown.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are not limited to the invention, but are exemplary, and all the features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention.

(Imperial wheel according to the embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows an impeller 1 according to the first embodiment. 1 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 1 (B) is a perspective view, and FIG. 1 (C) is a front view.

The impeller 1 is a stationary blade arranged in a vacuum pump. The configuration of the present disclosure is not limited to this, and is applied to impellers for fluid control used in various equipment such as turbines, pressure-related equipment, power transmission equipment, fans and exhaust equipment, as well as the moving blades of vacuum pumps. can.

The impeller 1 is a plurality of circular rings arranged at equal intervals in an annular shape between the outer peripheral ring 2 and the inner peripheral ring 3 and the outer peripheral ring 2 and the inner peripheral ring 3 which are circular rings arranged at the same center. It is configured to include a blade 10. The blades 10 are arranged radially around the origin O of the impeller 1 which is the center of the outer peripheral ring 2 and the inner peripheral ring 3 and separated from each other by the slit 7.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view focusing on one blade 10. 2 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 2 (B) is a side view, and FIG. 2 (C) is a perspective view. The axis α is a horizontal axis passing through the origin O, and is the central axis of the blade 10 in the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the blade 10 has a substantially fan shape with a small opening angle in a plan view, and the width on the inner peripheral side is wider than the width on the outer peripheral side.

The inner peripheral side end of the blade 10 is connected to the inner peripheral ring 3 by the inner peripheral rail 5, and the outer peripheral side end is connected to the outer peripheral ring 2 by the outer peripheral rail 4. As will be described in detail later, since the impeller 1 is formed by pressing a single metal flat plate, the blade 10, the inner ring 3, the outer ring 2, and the inner rail 5 constituting the impeller 1 are formed. , And the outer peripheral rail 4 are all continuously and integrally configured. A plurality of blades 10 radially arranged around the origin O and a connecting body connecting them (in this embodiment, the outer peripheral ring 2 and the inner peripheral ring 3 and the inner peripheral rail 5 and the outer peripheral rail 4) are integrated. The impeller 1 has high rigidity and is thin and light, so that it is easy to handle, as compared with a conventional impeller in which blades are connected by welding or pressure welding.

The blade 10 is provided so as to be inclined with respect to the inner peripheral ring 3 and the outer peripheral ring 2, and protrudes vertically.

3A and 3B show the blade 10, FIG. 3A is a view seen from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is a view seen from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2A. Only the blade 10 is shown, and the others are omitted. FIG. 3 (C) is an end view taken along the line III (C) -III (C) of FIG. 2 (A).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vertically projecting blade 10 includes an inner peripheral end surface 15, an outer peripheral end surface 14, and radial end surfaces 13 and 13 connecting the inner peripheral end surface 15 and the outer peripheral end surface 14 as end faces.

Further, the blade 10 includes an edge surface 11 configured obliquely with respect to the thickness direction. The edge surface 11 is inclined so that the wall thickness of the blade 10 becomes thinner toward the radial end surface 13, and the edge surface 11 constitutes the edge portions 12 and 12 that are sharp toward the radial end surface 13.

That is, the blade 10 is composed of a front surface 18 and a back surface 19, an inner peripheral end surface 15, an outer peripheral end surface 14, radial end surfaces 13, 13 and edge surfaces 11 and 11. All the end faces constituting the flat plate-shaped blade 10, that is, the inner peripheral end face 15, the outer peripheral end face 14, the radial end faces 13, 13 and the edge face 11, which are the constituent faces excluding the front surface 18 and the back surface 19, are All are stamped surfaces formed by press working. The surface to be pressed has good surface roughness, is a smooth surface in which fine irregularities are smoothed, and has low resistance to fluid. In addition, it is smoothly connected to the adjacent surface, and there are no small voids like casting or no machining marks like polishing, making it suitable for fluid braking.

Since the front surface 18 and the back surface 19 are also the front surface and the back surface of the rolled metal plate material, the surface surface is similarly smooth, and the blade 10 is smooth as a whole and has low resistance to fluid.

The tilt angle of the blade 10 protruding vertically is not constant, and as shown in FIG. 3, the tilt angle β1 on the inner peripheral side is larger than the tilt angle β2 on the outer peripheral side, and the height H1 on the inner peripheral side and the height on the outer peripheral side are higher. H2 is set to be substantially the same. The inclination angle of the blade 10 is configured to continuously change from the angle β1 to the angle β2 from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. Since the inclination of the blade 10 is not uniform, the blade 10 has a three-dimensionally twisted form. Further, the blade 10 has a rotationally symmetric shape with respect to the axis α.

The upper and lower edge surfaces 11 and 11 of the blade 10 having a complicated twist shape are configured to be substantially horizontal and substantially parallel to each other. (See FIG. 3).

Further, the blade 10 has a form of tapering toward the diameter end surface 13, but has a form in which the diameter end surface 13 having a slightly tip thickness is left. As shown in FIG. 3C, the wall thickness T of the blade 10 gradually increases from the wall thickness t1 toward the other end, and becomes a constant wall thickness t2. After that, the wall thickness is gradually reduced, and finally the wall thickness returns to t1. In fluid braking, the acute-angled portion may generate turbulence, so the edge portion 12 suppresses the generation of turbulence by leaving the radial end surface 13.

The edge surface 11 is a surface to be compressed compressed by press working (details will be described later), and the edge portion 12 is harder and smoother than other parts due to work hardening. The edge portion 12 is a portion that first comes into contact with the fluid to be braked, and has a tapered shape, so that the resistance to the fluid to be braked is low and the surrounding fluid is smoothly braked.

Further, since the impeller 1 has substantially the same height H1 on the inner peripheral side and the height H2 on the outer peripheral side and the upper and lower surfaces are substantially horizontal, there is no fluid wraparound and braking efficiency is good. Furthermore, the overall height can be lowered and it can be placed in a small space. When used as juxtaposed blades such as a turbine, the gap between adjacent blades can be reduced, and the effect of suppressing backflow of fluid can be obtained.

(Manufacturing method of impeller 1)
Next, the manufacturing method of the impeller 1 described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a processing flow chart of the manufacturing method of the impeller 1 according to the first embodiment. Since the blades 10 of the impeller 1 are arranged in an annular shape at equal angles, the pieces shown in FIG. 4 are continuous in an annular shape during manufacturing. However, in FIG. 4, pay attention to one piece. Others are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 4, the impeller 1 is formed by processing a single metal flat plate, which is a member to be processed, in each of the steps S101 to S103.

The steps of steps S101 to S103 are all performed by press working. Pressing is a process in which an upper die and a lower die are used, a member to be machined is placed between them, the lower die is fixed, and the upper die is moved up and down to press the member to be machined. The method. The types of press working differ depending on the type and shape of the equipment (punch, die, etc.) set in the upper and lower dies. For example, punching, drilling, compression molding, bending, and warpage correction (plasticity). Pressing includes deformation) processing, trimming processing, punching processing, drawing processing, etc. The pressed surface, that is, the compressed surface, the punched surface, and the like is the pressed surface.

First, in step S101, as a punching process, a metal flat plate which is a constituent member of the impeller 1 is punched out as a member to be machined by press working, and the inner peripheral ring 3 and the outer peripheral ring 2 having the same center are these two rings. A plurality of blades 10 arranged in an annular shape between the blades 10, an inner peripheral rail 5 connecting the inner peripheral side end portion of the blade 10 and the inner peripheral ring 3, and the outer peripheral side end portion of the blade 10 and the outer peripheral ring 2 are connected. The outer peripheral rail 4 is formed. From another point of view, the blank material is punched out from the member to be machined by press working to form a slit 7, and the punched surface to be pressed is the radial end faces 13, 13, the outer peripheral end face 14, and the inner peripheral end face. 15 is molded. The shape after punching is symmetrical with respect to the axis α.

Next, the process proceeds to step S102, and as a compression molding step, at least a part of the region of the blade 10 is compressed by press working, and a change in morphology such as thickness is given in at least a part of the region of the blade 10.

In the present embodiment, the predetermined region of the surface 18 on one of the radial end faces 13 is compressed deeply toward the radial end face 13. The compression region is formed in a band shape on the edge of the blade 10 related to the radial end surface 13. The blade 10 having a substantially fan shape has a width on the outer peripheral side wider than the width on the inner peripheral side, and a compression region corresponding to this is a substantially fan shape in which the width on the outer peripheral side is wider than the width on the inner peripheral side. It has become.

The compression region is formed as the edge surface 11, and the edge portion 12 is formed on the blade 10. Since the compression is deeper toward the radial end surface 13, the edge portion 12 has a tapered shape toward the radial end surface 13.

Similarly, the predetermined region of the back surface 19 relating to the other diameter end surface 13 is also compressed deeper toward the diameter end surface 13. The amount of compression is maximum at the diameter end surface 13, and the edge portion 12 is tapered toward both diameter end surfaces 13 and 13. This maximum compression amount is the same on both the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side, and the wall thickness of the diameter end surface 13 after processing is constant. Therefore, the edge surface 11 after compression molding is a gently inclined surface toward the outer peripheral side, and the angle of the inclined surface increases toward the inner peripheral surface. That is, the edge surface 11 is a surface that is three-dimensionally inclined with respect to the surface 18.

The compression amount and compression region of the blade 10 in step S102 are adjusted so that the edge surface 11 which is the surface to be machined becomes horizontal after the bending step which is the next step. That is, after step S102, the blade 10 is bent in step S103, but the inclination angle of this bending is not uniform, and it is a complicated bending that changes from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. The compression amount and compression region of the blade 10 at the stage of step S102 are designed to continuously change so that 11 becomes a horizontal plane.

As described above, the edge surface 11 formed in step S102 has a gradient and a region determined in consideration of machining in the next step.

The edge surface 11 is a pressed surface (compressed surface). By this step, the edge surface 11 is formed. The edge portion 12 including the edge surface 11 is work-hardened after the main processing. The edge portion 12 is a portion facing the fluid to be braked, that is, a portion that first touches the fluid, and receives resistance from the fluid as a load. Therefore, the durability of the blade 10 is increased by increasing the rigidity by work hardening. improves.

Not limited to this, by changing the thickness of at least a part of the blade 10 by press working (compression molding), it is possible to obtain a highly rigid fluid braking having a smooth surface as a surface to be compressed in a desired region of the blade. You can make an advantageous part.

In order to make the shape after the bending step of the next step more accurate, in this step, it is preferable to consider the elongation rate to the outside of the region due to compression processing and the compression rate due to work hardening.

In the present embodiment, the edge surface 11 itself is a flat surface, but the edge surface 11 itself may be a curved surface, and the thickness of the edge portion 12 may be changed in a curved line rather than a linear shape, for example, the tip side may be rounded.

Next, the process proceeds to step S103, and as a bending step, a bending process is performed in which the blade 10 is rotated about the axis α to mainly deform the inner peripheral rail 5 and the outer peripheral rail 4. Bending is a type of press working, in which an instrument having a machined surface of a desired shape is set on the upper and lower metal fittings to be pressed so that the machined surfaces face each other. Place the member to be machined between. Then, by raising and lowering the upper metal fitting and sandwiching the machined member between the machined surfaces, the machined member is plastically deformed so as to have a desired shape.

In the present embodiment, the instruments (punch and die) set on the upper metal fitting and the lower metal fitting used for press working are provided with an inclined surface having the same inclination mode as the opposite processing surface, and the blade 10 has this inclination. By being sandwiched between the surfaces (machined surfaces), one radial end surface 13 rotates upward and the other radial end surface 13 rotates downward with the axis α as the center, and projects vertically. At this time, it is the inner peripheral rail 5 and the outer peripheral rail 4 connecting the blades 10 that are mainly plastically deformed by rotational deformation. The blade 10 is plastically deformed into a predetermined shape so as to be twisted about the axis α while mainly maintaining the shape. The outer peripheral ring 2 and the inner peripheral ring 3 are pressed during the main processing and are hardly deformed.

Specifically, the blade 10 in the horizontal state rotates about the axis α so that the edge surfaces 11 and 11 become horizontal and the inner peripheral side height H1 and the outer peripheral side height H2 become equal. This rotation is configured such that the rotation angle = angle β2 on the outer peripheral side and the rotation angle θ = angle β1 on the inner peripheral side with respect to the axis α, and the rotation angle continuously changes during that period. It is a three-dimensional rotation (see Fig. 3). The inner peripheral rail 5 and the outer peripheral rail 4 are plastically deformed and twisted to rotate the blade 10, and the blade 10 itself is three-dimensionally sandwiched between the machined surfaces of the instruments set on the upper and lower metal fittings according to this form. It is twisted and deformed.

On the upper metal fitting and the lower metal fitting, an instrument having a three-dimensional inclined surface as a machined surface of the above-mentioned form is arranged so that the machined surfaces face each other, and the blade 10 is sandwiched between the machined surfaces from above and below. Then, the outer peripheral rail 4 and the inner peripheral rail 5 which are thin and have weak rigidity and in which the holding and the machined surface are not arranged are mainly plastically deformed to rotate the blade 10, and the blade 10 is sandwiched between the machined surfaces and plastically deformed.

As described above, the impeller 1 is formed by steps S101 to S103.

In this embodiment, steps S101 to S103 are performed in the above order, but in the processing of the impeller 1, the processing order is not limited as long as steps S101, S102, and S103 are included. For example, after the punching step, a bending step may be carried out, and then a compression molding step may be carried out.

(Action effect)
As described above, the processing methods shown in steps S101 to S103 are all press processing, and according to the production method of this embodiment, the impeller 1 can be produced by press processing. Since the impeller 1 can be manufactured only by press working, the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional manufacturing process. Further, since the impeller 1 can be manufactured only by press working, the productivity is high.

When the impeller is formed by a conventional manufacturing method, for example, cutting, tool marks are left on the machined surface, which adversely affects the braking of the fluid. Since the workpiece of the manufacturing method of this embodiment is a metal flat plate manufactured by the roller rolling manufacturing method, the surface roughness is good, and the front surface 18 and the back surface 19 made of the flat plate have smooth surfaces. A polishing step is required to remove surface roughness and burrs, but this manufacturing method does not require a polishing step, so that the manufacturing cost can be kept low.

The entire end surface of the blade 10 is a pressed surface formed through the above-mentioned various press processes. The inner peripheral end surface 15, the outer peripheral end surface 14, and the radial end surface 13 are formed by the punching process of step S102, and the edge surface 11 is formed by the compression process of step S102. That is, the blades 10 of the impeller 1 have smooth constituent surfaces and high fluid braking performance.

The radial end surface 13 is slightly rolled by the compression molding process and stretches smoothly. As a result, the ridge lines of the edge surface 11, the front surface 18 and the back surface 19 are smoothly connected. Where the wall thickness has changed due to compression processing, the ridgeline (joint) with the adjacent surface is smooth, which does not hinder the smooth movement of the fluid and improves the fluid braking performance.

Since the edge surface 11 is formed by compression molding, the surface to be compressed becomes smoother, and the strength of the edge portion 12 increases due to work hardening. The edge portion 12 is a portion that first comes into contact with the braking fluid. Since the edge portion 12 has a high hardness and a smooth surface and a shape suitable for fluid braking, the surrounding fluid is smoothly braked. By strengthening the hardness of the edge portion 12, the product life of the impeller 1 is extended.

Further, since it is formed from a single metal flat plate and the constituent parts are continuously integrated, the surface is smooth and the strength is high even if the wall thickness is thin. The portion where the wall thickness of the flat plate having a uniform thickness has changed is higher in hardness due to work hardening than the portion having a constant wall thickness that is not relatively pressed, and the surface unevenness is smoothed, so that the portion becomes smooth. Therefore, it is a suitable form for braking the fluid.

The inclination of the blade 10 is such that the flat plate is rotated by the axis α by press working and is projected in the vertical direction. The smooth surface is kept as it is.

Since the outer shape of the blade 10 is formed by the punching step of step S101, the outer shape of the blade 10 can be freely configured by punching a desired shape. Further, since the compression molding step of step S102 brings about a change in the wall thickness of the blade 10, it is possible to freely adjust the wall thickness of the blade 10 by press-molding in a desired region at a desired compression depth. can. Further, by the bending step of step S103, the blade 10 can be tilted with respect to the horizontal, and the blade 10 itself can be given a three-dimensional tilt change, so that the blade 10 can be twisted or otherwise changed in shape. can.

The impeller 1 having a complicated shape can be formed only by the pressing process, and the shape, thickness, inclination, etc. of the blade 10 can be freely set. Therefore, it can be widely applied not only to the form of the present disclosure but also to various forms of impellers. It is possible to provide an impeller with a high degree of freedom in design and excellent productivity and performance.

(Imperial wheel manufacturing equipment)
Next, the impeller manufacturing apparatus 100 for realizing steps S101 to S103 for molding the impeller 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described.

FIG. 5 is an image diagram of the impeller manufacturing apparatus 100. The impeller manufacturing apparatus 100 includes processing tables ST1, ST2, ... STn. The processing tables ST1 to STn can press the members W1, W2, ... Wn to be processed, respectively. The impeller manufacturing apparatus 100 includes both a case where one press processing machine is provided with a plurality of press processing tables and a case where there are a plurality of press processing machines having one processing table.

Steps S101 to S103 are mounted on the processing table ST1 to STn.

That is, first, in the "punching table", the punching process of step S101 is performed, and the blank material is punched out from the member to be processed.

Next, on the compression molding processing table, the compression molding processing in step S102 is performed. Due to the compression molding process, a part of the wall thickness of the member to be processed changes. For example, the wall thickness is reduced, recesses and grooves are formed, and the like.

Next, the bending process of step S103 is performed on the bending table. At least a part of the member to be machined is plastically deformed, and at least a part of the member to be machined changes its inclination or shape and protrudes upward or downward.

In the impeller manufacturing apparatus 100, the above-mentioned "punching table", "compression forming table", and "bending processing table" are performed on any of the processing tables ST1 to STn, and finally the impeller 1 is formed.

As described above, according to the impeller manufacturing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the impeller 1 can be manufactured by press working, so that the productivity can be improved. In addition, by providing multiple processing tables for single press processing, integrated production is possible and the quality of the product is stable.

Next, other preferred embodiments and modifications relating to the above-described impeller form and its manufacturing method will be described.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows the impeller 101 according to the second embodiment. 6 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 6 (B) is a perspective view, and FIG. 6 (C) is a front view.

The impeller 101 includes an outer peripheral ring 102, an inner peripheral ring 103, and a plurality of blades 110 arranged in an annular shape at equal intervals between the rings. The blades 110 are arranged radially around the origin O of the impeller 101, which is the center of the inner peripheral ring 103, and are arranged apart from each other by the slit 107.

7 and 8 are partially enlarged views focusing on the blade 110 of 1. 7 (A) is a plan view, FIG. 7 (B) is a view seen from the direction of arrow C in FIG. 7 (A), and FIG. 7 (E) is a perspective view. 8 (A) is a view seen from the direction of arrow D of FIG. 7 (A), and FIG. 8 (B) is an end view taken along the line VIII (B) -VIII (B) of FIG. 7 (A). The VIII (B) -VIII (B) line is orthogonal to the axis α2. The axis α2 shown in the figure is a horizontal axis passing through the origin O. In this embodiment, the shaft α2 is along one side of the blade 110.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the blade 110 has a substantially fan shape with a small opening angle in a plan view, and the width on the inner peripheral side is narrower than the width on the outer peripheral side. A slit 107 extending in a substantially C shape in a plan view is formed on the outer periphery of the blade 110, and the blade 110 is not connected to the outer peripheral ring 102 and the inner peripheral ring 103 on either the inner peripheral side or the outer peripheral side. Instead, the blade 110 is connected to the connecting portion 106 on one side without the slit 107.

The connecting portion 106 is connected between the inner peripheral ring 103 and the outer peripheral ring 102 and is provided radially at an equal angle. Since the impeller 101 is also formed by pressing a single metal flat plate, the blade 110, the inner peripheral ring 103, the outer peripheral ring 102, and the connecting portion 106 constituting the impeller 1 are all continuous and continuous. It is configured integrally.

The blade 110 bends at the boundary portion 129 with the connecting portion 106 and projects upward. The inclination angle between the blade 110 and the connecting portion 106 is constant at the angle β3 at any position of the boundary portion 129, and the blade 110 is configured not as a curved surface but as a flat surface. Since the blade 110 has a substantially fan shape with a wide outer peripheral side, the upward protrusion amount (height) of the blade 110 is configured to decrease from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side.

The blade 110 includes an inner peripheral end surface 115 and an outer peripheral end surface 114. Further, the blade 110 includes an edge surface 111 formed in a band shape from the inner peripheral end surface 115 toward the outer peripheral end surface 114 and formed obliquely with respect to the thickness. Due to the edge surface 111, the blade 110 is sharpened toward the end. This sharpened portion is referred to as an edge portion 112. The width of the edge surface 111 extending in a band shape on the edge of the surface of the slit 107 is constant, and the shape of the edge surface 111 is rectangular in a plan view.

The edge portion 112 is composed of only the edge surface 111 and the back surface 119, and the wall thickness of the edge portion 112 decreases linearly toward the tip.

Further, a large number of recesses 140 are formed on the surface 118 of the blade 110. In the present embodiment, the concave portion 140 is formed only on the front surface 118, but the concave portion of the same shape or the concave portion or groove of a different shape may be formed on the back surface 119.

An object placed in a fluid causes turbulence behind the object, but if there is a recess on the surface of the object, the generation of turbulence is suppressed. By forming the recess 140 on the surface of the blade 110, turbulence is suppressed by the blade 110 arranged in the fluid.

The blade 110 is composed of a front surface 118 and a back surface 119, an inner peripheral end surface 115, an outer peripheral end surface 114, a radial end surface 113, an edge surface 111, and a concave surface 141. The constituent surfaces excluding the front surface 118 and the back surface 119, that is, the inner peripheral end surface 115, the outer peripheral end surface 114, the radial end surface 113, the edge surface 111, and the concave surface 141 are all press-processed surfaces. .. Therefore, the surface is smooth and the fluid braking performance is high. Further, since the impeller 101 is composed of one flat plate and is composed only on the pressed surface, the production cost is low and the productivity is high.

As shown in FIG. 8B, in the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the axis α2, the thickness TT of the blade 110 gradually increases from one end to the other end at the edge 112. After becoming constant, the thickness decreases and increases again where the recess 140 is provided, and finally becomes constant again. The concave surface 141 whose wall thickness is changed is a surface to be compressed formed by press working (compression molding), and the hardness is increased by work hardening, and the surface is smooth and smoothly connected to the adjacent surface.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the edge surface 111 is the upper surface of the blade 110. The edge surface 111 itself is an inclined surface having a low inner peripheral side, but the edge surface 111 is horizontally configured in a cross section orthogonal to the boundary portion 129 which is a bent portion (see FIG. 8B).
The edge surface 111 is also a surface to be compressed formed by press working (compression molding), and the edge portion 112 is a portion that first comes into contact with a fluid, has a smooth surface, and has high hardness due to compression hardening, thereby making it durable. Also improves. Turbulence is also suppressed by the recess 140 in the wake.

(Manufacturing method of impeller 101)
Next, the manufacturing method of the impeller 101 described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a processing flow chart of the manufacturing method of the impeller 101 according to the second embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 9, the impeller 101 is formed by processing a single metal flat plate, which is a member to be processed, in each of the steps S201 to S204. In the present embodiment, uneven molding is further added to the three steps shown in FIG. The uneven forming step is also a kind of press working, and like the first embodiment, all the steps from step S201 to step S204 are performed by pressing.

In step S201, as a punching process, a substantially C-shaped blank material is punched out using a metal flat plate which is a constituent member of the impeller 101 as a member to be machined, and an inner ring 103 and an outer ring 102, these two. A connecting portion 106 connected to the ring and a blade 110 sandwiched and arranged between the two rings are formed. The blade 110 is integrally continuous with the connecting portion 106. From another viewpoint, the member to be machined is punched out to form the slit 7, so that the diameter end surface 113, the outer peripheral end surface 114, and the inner peripheral end surface 115 are formed as the punched surfaces.

Next, the process proceeds to step S202, and a concave-convex forming step, which is a step by punching, which is a kind of press working, is carried out. A recess 140 is formed by arranging a punch (not shown) that can be raised and lowered above the blade 110 and punching the surface 118 with the punch.

In the present embodiment, the arrangement of the blades 110 is maintained as it is, and the arrangement is moved each time the punch moves up and down once. As the punch repeatedly descends, ascends, and moves, a large number of recesses 140 are formed on the surface 118.

In the present embodiment, the contact surface of the punch is a slightly protruding curved surface, and the concave portion 140 is circular and is formed into a mortar shape that becomes deeper toward the center. However, the shape and depth of the concave portion to be formed are formed. The form such as is not limited to this. Since the concave portion formed by the uneven forming step is formed by the contact surface of the punch, the concave portion having a desired shape can be formed by changing the shape of the contact surface. By forming the concave portion on the surface 118, the portion where the concave portion is not formed becomes the convex portion.

Next, the process proceeds to step S203, and the compression molding step is carried out. This is equivalent to the compression molding step of step S101 of the first embodiment. The compression region of the present embodiment is the edge of the blade 110 over the radial end surface 113. Similar to the first embodiment, the form of the edge surface 111 after the bending step of the next step is taken into consideration. Specifically, the inclination angle of the machined surface of the instrument (punch, die) set on the upper and lower metal fittings in contact with the edge surface 111 is an angle β3.

Here, the compression depth is configured to become deeper toward the tip, but since the edge portion 112 is formed by the compression molding process, the tip portion is rolled and stretched to be sharply formed, like a blade. It is not a sharp tip, but is slightly rounded. Therefore, the edge portion 112 naturally has a configuration suitable for fluid braking.

Next, the process proceeds to step S204, and as a bending step, a bending process is performed in which the blade 110 is plastically deformed so as to stand up with the boundary portion 129, which is the boundary between the connecting portion 106 and the blade 110, as an axis. This bending angle is the angle β3. This is the same as the bending process of the first embodiment. From above and below, an instrument having a predetermined processing surface is set on the upper and lower dies so that the processing surfaces face each other, and the machined member is placed on the processing surface. Place between. Then, by lowering the upper metal fitting, the member to be machined is sandwiched between the machined surfaces from above and below and plastically deformed into a desired shape. The connecting portion 106 is pressed, and the connecting portion 106 is not deformed, and the boundary portion 129 between the blade 110 and the connecting portion 106 is mainly plastically deformed to raise the blade 110 upward.

As described above, the impeller 101 is formed by steps S201 to S204. The production cost is low because everything is done by press working.

The punching step, the compression molding step, and the bending step are indispensable, and at least these three steps are included in the manufacturing method. The uneven molding process is not an essential process, but is a suitable process according to the addition. The order of the steps is not limited to the above embodiment, and for example, the uneven molding process may be performed after the compression molding step.

Even in the form of cutting and raising the blade 110 so as to project in the vertical direction as in the present embodiment, the blade 110 is smoothly continuous from the connecting portion 106 by the bending process, and is suitable for fluid braking.

Further, the surface of the recess 140 becomes harder and smoother due to work hardening, and becomes a suitable form for fluid braking.

(Modification example)
The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. As described above, by using the method of the present disclosure, the shape, inclination, wall thickness, surface shape, etc. of the blade of the impeller can be freely configured. 10 to 15 show preferred modifications.

(Modification example 1: Surface shape)
10 (A) to 10 (D) show deformation examples related to the surface shape of the blade. It is schematic cross-sectional view which shows the blades 10A to 10C which were formed by adding the concavo-convex forming process to the blade 10 of 1st Embodiment, and the feature thereof.

In the uneven forming process, punching is applied to the member to be machined, but various forms of unevenness and holes are formed depending on the contact surface of the punch, the processing speed, the presence or absence of an instrument (lower presser) attached to the lower metal fitting, and the form. Can be molded into.

For example, in the blade 10A of FIG. 10A, a presser is not provided under the punch used for press working, the punch is pushed down, the member to be punched is punched, and a hole 42 is formed in the blade 10A.

Similarly, in FIG. 10B, a presser is not provided under the punch, and the punching speed is further adjusted to form a concave portion 43 on the front surface of the blade 10B and a convex portion 44 on the opposite back surface thereof.

In FIG. 10C, a groove 45 is formed on the surface of the blade 10C by using a triangular columnar punch that extends linearly. The groove 45 extends in the rotation direction of the impeller (fluid braking direction).

Further, in FIG. 10D, a groove 45'is formed on the surface of the blade 10C', as in FIG. 10C. The groove 45'extends in a direction orthogonal to the groove 45 of the blade 10C.

For example, in a stationary blade placed in a vacuum, by providing a groove 45'like a blade 10C', it is possible to increase the viscous resistance to a fluid and cause gas molecules to cling to the surface to disrupt the laminar flow. Therefore, the exhaust performance of gas molecules can be improved.

In this way, grooves and irregularities can be formed on the surface of the blade according to the purpose. Further, regarding the groove and the unevenness, not only the shape but also the number, direction, arrangement, etc. can be freely set.

In these processes, a plurality of irregularities may be formed by one punch, or may be formed by dividing them into several parts.

(Deformation example 2: Cross-sectional shape)
FIG. 11 shows blades 10D and 10E, which are modified examples of the blade 10, and is a schematic cross-sectional shape showing features. Corresponds to FIG. 3 (C).

The shape of the surface and edge of the blade and the cross-sectional shape of the blade are determined by the shape of the compression surface and the holding surface on the receiving side of the instrument (punch, die, etc.) set on the upper and lower metal fittings to be compression-molded. Therefore, by using various shapes for the compression surface / holding surface, blades having various shapes can be formed.

For example, a curved surface that falls toward the end face side is used as a compression surface, and a flat surface is used as the holding surface on the opposite receiving side. .. By making the holding surface and the compression surface opposite, the opposite surface can be similarly processed. Both ends of the blade 10D shown in FIG. 11A are processed as described above, and the edge surface 11B is configured as a curved surface having a large radius of curvature.

Further, for example, both the front surface and the back surface are compression-molded by using a curved surface that drops toward the end on both the compression surface and the holding surface so that the amount of compression increases toward the end surface side. , The member to be processed can be formed into a desired shape. The blade 10E of FIG. 11B is compression-molded by being sandwiched between a compression surface and a holding surface formed of curved surfaces having the same radius of curvature from both the front surface 18E and the back surface 19E of the radial end portion. As a result, the edge surface 11E composed of curved surfaces is formed on both the front surface and the back surface, and the edge portion 12E that is rounded toward the tip is formed.

(Modification example 3: Form of impeller)
FIG. 12 shows impellers 1F to 1J which are modified examples of the form of the impeller. The configuration of the present disclosure can be similarly applied even if the shape of the blade, the tilted state of the blade, the arrangement of the blade, the connection form of the blade, and the like are changed.

In the impeller 1F shown in FIG. 12 (A), the shape of the blade is not a fan shape but a rectangle. Similar to the second embodiment, the blade is configured to stand up so as to be bent, and the inclination angle of the blade is constant.

In the impeller 1G shown in FIGS. 12 (B1) and 12 (B2), the extension direction of the connecting portion does not pass through the center point of the ring (origin of the impeller) and is inclined by a predetermined angle from the inner peripheral ring. It has an eccentric form.

In the impeller 1H shown in FIG. 12C, the connecting body is formed radially, but a pair of blades are provided on both sides of the connecting body, and one blade is provided at the boundary between the connecting body and the blade. The other blade is bent downward at the same angle.

In the impeller 1I shown in FIG. 12D, the blades are substantially fan-shaped in a plan view, but the width on the inner peripheral side is wider than the width on the outer peripheral side.

In the impeller 1J shown in FIG. 12E, the outer shape of the blade is curved in a dogleg shape. The edge surface is not a rectangle, but a part of the tip of the curved portion near the center of the blade. In this way, the edge surface can also be formed in a desired region of the blade in a desired shape.

(Deformation example 4: Clad material)
FIG. 13 is a modified example of a component member (a member to be processed as a raw material) of an impeller, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of a blade. The impeller is formed by pressing a metal flat plate as a member to be machined. For example, as shown in FIG. 13A, two or more metal layers (M1, M2) are formed on the member to be machined. It is also preferable to use a clad material bonded by laminating and rolling M3).

For example, as shown in FIG. 13B, a clad composed of a metal layer M4 of a first layer constituting the front surface, a metal layer M5 of a second layer as an intermediate layer, and a metal layer M6 of a third layer constituting the back surface. In the material, by using a metal having a hardness higher than that of the metal layer M5 of the second layer for the metal layer M4 of the first layer and the metal layer M6 of the third layer, the exposed surface has the rigidity required for fluid braking. However, the relatively soft second layer can facilitate processing.

As shown in FIG. 13C, in a clad material composed of a metal layer M7 of a first layer constituting the front surface, a metal layer M8 of a second layer as an intermediate layer, and a metal layer M9 of a third layer constituting the back surface. Use a metal with high hardness for the intermediate layer to ensure rigidity, and use a metal with excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance for the metal layer M7 of the first layer and the metal layer M9 of the third layer, which are exposed surfaces. Therefore, the durability of the blade can be improved according to the usage environment.

(Deformation example 5: Tilt angle)
FIG. 14 is a modification of the tilted / curved state of the blade. The inclination angle of the blade and the bending form of the blade are determined by the machined surface that sandwiches the member to be machined in the bending process, and the blade can be freely formed.

For example, the blade 10K shown in FIG. 14A has a planar shape, and the inclination with respect to the horizontal plane is constant. The blade 10L shown in FIG. 14B has a shape that is slightly curved at the center while being tilted at a constant angle. The blade 10M shown in FIG. 14C has a more curved shape.

As described above, the inclined or curved form of the blade 10 can be freely formed by the machined surface of the upper and lower metal fittings in the bending process.

(Variation example 6: Split impeller)
The configuration of the present disclosure can be applied not only to a circular impeller but also to a split impeller having the same shape and divided into a plurality of parts. For example, the split impeller 1P shown in FIG. 15A has a semi-ring shape in which a circular ring is divided into two, and is used in pairs together with another impeller of the same shape. It is used by arranging it in a circular shape together with another split impeller so that both ends of the semicircle face each other. The split impeller 1Q shown in FIG. 15B has a quarter-circular shape. Four split impellers 1Q having the same shape are arranged in a circular shape and used. The split impeller is particularly suitable for stationary blades.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above-described embodiments are examples of the present invention, and these can be combined based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and such embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention. include.

1: Impeller 2: Outer ring 3: Inner ring 10: Blade 12: Edge 13: Diameter end surface 18: Front surface 19: Back surface 43: Concave 44: Convex 100: Impeller manufacturing equipment S101 to S103, S201 to S204 : Steps ST1, ST2 ... STn: Processing table T: Wall thickness W1, W2: Work piece

Claims (11)

With respect to the structure of an impeller composed of a plurality of blades press-molded by a plate material and arranged in an annular shape, the cross-sectional shape of the blades is, at least in a portion of the region, the circumferential direction or radius of the impeller. It is configured such that the wall thickness of the blade continuously changes from one end to the other in the cross-sectional shape in the direction.
The structure of the impeller is characterized by that.
With respect to the structure of the impeller composed of a plurality of blades arranged in an annular shape, the blades are thinner than other regions and relatively harder than other regions in at least some regions. And including a thin part with a smooth surface,
The structure of the impeller is characterized by that.
An inner ring arranged on the inner peripheral side of the blade and directly or indirectly connected to the inner peripheral end of the blade.
With an outer ring arranged on the outer peripheral side of the blade and directly or indirectly connected to the outer peripheral end of the blade.
Equipped with both or one,
The blade is configured to vary in inclination with respect to the inner or outer ring in at least a portion of the region.
The impeller structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.
The blade has an edge portion in the end region of the blade, which is thinner toward the end, has a relatively higher hardness than other regions, and has a smooth surface.
The structure of the impeller according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the impeller structure is characterized.
All the constituent surfaces of the blade are press-processed surfaces.
The impeller structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the impeller structure is characterized.
A plurality of uneven shapes are formed on one side or both sides of the front surface and the back surface constituting the blade.
The impeller structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the impeller structure is characterized.
The plate material is a composite material using a material such as a metal in which different materials are combined in a layered manner.
The impeller structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the impeller structure is characterized.
The impeller includes a split impeller that is divided into a plurality of identical shapes.
The impeller structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the impeller structure is characterized.
A method for manufacturing an impeller, which is formed of a single plate material and includes a plurality of blades arranged in an annular shape.
The punching process of punching the plate material by press working to form the blade, and
A compression molding step of changing the wall thickness of at least a part of the blade by compressing at least a part of the blade formed in the punching step by press working.
A bending step of bending at least a part of the blade by pressing to project the blade upward or downward to give the blade a desired inclination.
A method for manufacturing an impeller, which comprises.
It comprises a concavo-convex forming step of forming a plurality of concavo-convex shapes on the surface of the blade by press working.
The method for manufacturing an impeller according to claim 8.
It is a manufacturing device that can press plate-shaped workpieces.
At least, a first processing table capable of carrying out the punching step, a second processing table capable of carrying out the compression molding step, and a third processing table capable of carrying out the bending step are provided.
An impeller manufacturing device characterized by this.

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