JP2021529972A - Pressure difference detector and flow measuring equipment for flow measuring equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A housing (27), a measuring chamber (26) formed in the housing (27), a piston (28) movably arranged in the measuring chamber (26), and the piston (28). ), A permanent magnet (32) that is movable with the piston (28), and at least one reluctance type sensor (30) that measures the change in the magnetic field in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet (32). A pressure difference detector for a flow measuring device is known. In this pressure difference detector, at least one fixed permanent magnet (40; 42) is arranged in the housing (27), and the magnetic field of this fixed permanent magnet (40; 42) is exclusively the piston (28). It acts on the magnetic resistance type sensor (30) in the direction of movement.

Description

The present invention is a pressure difference detector for a flow measuring device, the housing, a measuring chamber formed in the housing, a piston movably arranged in the measuring chamber in the axial direction, and the piston. A pressure difference detector for a flow measuring device, which comprises a permanent magnet which is movable together with the piston and at least one magnetic resistance type sensor which measures a change in the magnetic field in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet, as well as an arrangement. , A flow measuring device for measuring the time course (zeitlich aufgeloester Durchflussvorgaenge), which bypasses the inlet, outlet, driveable positive displacement flow meter, and this positive displacement flow meter. Evaluation that can adjust the detour line that can be used, the pressure difference detector arranged in this detour line, and the driveable positive displacement flow meter according to the pressure difference generated in the pressure difference detector. The present invention relates to a flow measuring device including a control unit.

Pressure difference detectors have been used in injection volume measuring devices for several years. In this injection amount measuring device, the pressure difference detector is arranged in the detour pipeline leading to the positive displacement flow meter. The pressure difference detector consists of a piston. The piston has a bottom area that is slightly smaller than the open cross-sectional area of the measurement chamber in which it is located, which, on the one hand, allows the piston to move freely in the measurement chamber in the axial direction. Granted, however, on the other hand, inside the measuring chamber, no fluid can flow between the inner wall of the measuring chamber and the outer wall of the piston. This changes the pressure difference that occurs with respect to the piston. In this case, it is desirable that the piston has a specific density corresponding to the specific density of the fluid to be pushed away in the measurement chamber.

In a positive displacement flow meter, the pumping of a positive displacement flow meter always pushes the piston back to its starting position in the measuring chamber, that is, caused by the injection, despite the pressure change due to the injection process for the measurement of the injection volume. The pressure difference is controlled by a positive displacement flow meter to always try to compensate as much as possible.

Therefore, in order to adjust the positive displacement flowmeter accurately, it is necessary to always grasp the exact position of the piston so that the proper adjustment of the positive displacement flowmeter can be performed. In recent years, magnetic sensor systems have been used for positioning, based on easy handling and good accuracy. This magnetic sensor system is a magnetoresistive sensor that works in a non-contact manner. This reluctance sensor produces different starting voltages that can be used as a degree to the position of the permanent magnet, depending on the magnetic field of the permanent magnet acting on the sensor. When measuring purely linear motion, sensors that measure the changing magnetic field strength in the direction of motion of the permanent magnets are particularly used.

According to Austrian Publication No. 512619, first, a flow rate measurement such that the displacement amount of the piston in the measurement chamber due to the pressure difference generated by the magnetic resistance type sensor of the above-described form is measured. The device is disclosed. The reluctance sensor responds to the magnetic field of a permanent magnet attached to the piston. Then, the displacement of the piston measured by the sensor is used to match the rotation speed of the positive displacement flow meter. Only one or more sensors may be used to measure the magnetic field.

However, it has been found that when a material that can be magnetized is used, the measured value is deteriorated by the change in the magnetic permeability of the material and the external magnetic field, for example, the geomagnetism or the magnetic field generated by energizing the conductor. To avoid this, it is known to use a material that cannot be magnetized exclusively for the configuration or to completely magnetically shield the measurement chamber.

To improve the accuracy of the measurement, correspondingly, German Patent Application Publication No. 102016117340 states that a permanent magnet connected to a magnetoresistive sensor is centered in the hollow piston on the central axis of the piston. An attached reluctance detector has been proposed. In this way, the rotation of the piston in the measurement chamber does not change the measurement result. Additionally, a cover hood is provided to shield the flow measuring device from an external magnetic field, such as a geomagnetic field or a magnetic field generated by an electric motor or another electrical component.

However, this increases the labor for configuration and manufacturing and also increases the manufacturing cost. This is because, in addition to having to limit material selection, additional components must be assembled and manufactured. Nevertheless, in some cases, measurement results that are not sufficiently accurate are obtained.

Therefore, pressure difference detectors for flow measuring instruments and such pressure differences can accurately measure the displacement of the piston without the need for additional shielding means or limiting material selection. The challenge of providing a flow measuring device equipped with a detector is set.

This problem is solved by a pressure difference detector for a flow rate measuring device having the feature of claim 1 and a flow measuring device having the feature of claim 13.

At least one fixed permanent magnet is placed in the housing, and the magnetic field of this fixed permanent magnet acts on the magnetoresistive sensor exclusively in the direction of movement of the piston, so that it can be moved by the magnetic field of the fixed sensor. Superposition of the magnetic field of the sensor occurs. Thus, the synthetic magnetic field provides a homogeneous constant magnetic field in the area of the sensor that extends the available linear range of the sensor signal. As a result, the measurement result has higher accuracy. This means, in addition, surprisingly reduces the effect of changes in the permeability of the materials used in the housing and pistons, improving the linearity of the stroke signal, thereby the pressure difference detector. The measured value becomes more accurate, and it becomes possible to measure the flow rate with the flow measuring device according to the present invention with considerable accuracy.

Preferably, two fixed permanent magnets are arranged within the housing, and both fixed permanent magnets are at least one on one common axis extending parallel to the motion axis of the movable permanent magnets. Located with a magnetic resistance sensor, a first fixed permanent magnet is located on the first side of at least one magnetic resistance sensor, and a second fixed permanent magnet is at least one. It is located on the opposite side of the two magnetic resistance type sensors. This arrangement provides a perfectly homogeneous magnetic field that acts in the measurement direction of the sensor. This magnetic field acts on the sensor and is superimposed on the changing magnetic field of the moving permanent magnet, making the sensor signal linear, even if the moving permanent magnet is moved further away, resulting in a smaller magnetic field acting on the sensor. Make sure to extend the range.

It is preferable that both fixed permanent magnets have the opposite polarity to the movable permanent magnets. This is because, in this case, the lines of magnetic force acting on the sensor have the same orientation, and thus the enhancement of the magnetic field acting on the sensor is achieved. Correspondingly, the voltage signal generated by the sensor is present over a wide measurement interval within a linear range.

In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of reluctance sensors are arranged between both fixed permanent magnets on the axis. By using multiple sensors arranged side by side, especially three sensors arranged side by side, the signal can be validated on the one hand, and on the other hand by the principle of superposition, the larger of the sensors. Very accurate piston position can be calculated over the movement stroke.

In an advantageous configuration of the present invention, both fixed permanent magnets have a mutual spacing that at least corresponds to the maximum moving stroke of the movable permanent magnets. This ensures that the magnetic field of the moving permanent magnets is always within the range of the linear magnetic fields generated by both fixed permanent magnets, and thus the effect of the magnetizable material remains small.

In contrast, in the developed configuration, the piston has a third fixed permanent magnet and a fourth fixed permanent magnet on the opposite side of the piston from the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet. Is arranged, the third fixed permanent magnet and the fourth fixed permanent magnet generate a synthetic magnetic field, and this synthetic magnetic field is related to the magnitude of the magnetic field in the motion axis of the movable permanent magnet. It corresponds to the combined magnetic field of the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet and has opposite orientations. In this configuration, the additional permanent magnet magnetic field acts on the sensor as little as possible. Instead, the influence of the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet given to the movable permanent magnet together with the piston is avoided. This is because this changes the force acting on the piston and thus interferes with the pressure balance that should be generated on the piston.

In an alternative embodiment, the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are arranged within the moving stroke of the movable permanent magnet and the height of the motion axis of the movable permanent magnet. In, a magnetic field smaller than 5% of the maximum magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet is generated. This, on the one hand, did not apply a force affecting the position of the piston to the piston by magnetic attraction, and on the other hand, it was nevertheless superimposed on the sensor based on spatial proximity. Sufficient to provide a sufficiently strong fixed magnetic field, which provides sufficient linear measurement range and sufficient insensitivity to external magnetic fields.

Particularly easy assembly and manufacture is achieved when the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are placed on the board on which the magnetoresistive sensor is located. Therefore, an additional step for assembling the permanent magnet in the housing can be omitted.

Alternatively, a first fixed permanent magnet and a second fixed permanent magnet are attached to the housing block of the housing to which the board is attached. This simplifies the replacement of permanent magnets. Nevertheless, this permanent magnet can be assembled at the same time as the housing block and board.

Preferably, the housing block is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. This material cannot be magnetized, which does not generate an additional magnetic field. In addition, this simplifies cooling of the measurement chamber. This is because aluminum has good thermal conductivity.

Preferably, the magnetic field strength of the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet corresponds to 1% to 90% of the magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet. In this case, the strength of the fixed permanent magnets depends on the distance of the fixed permanent magnets to the sensor in proportion to the distance of the piston magnets from the sensor. Correspondingly, as the distance between the fixed permanent magnets with respect to the sensor increases, so does the magnetic field strength.

Advantageously, one or more magnetoresistive sensors are unipolar sensors. This sensor measures the magnetic field in only one direction. This makes the sensor inexpensive to manufacture, but provides extremely accurate results for linear stroke measurements.

Therefore, a pressure difference detector for a flow rate measuring device and a flow rate measuring device equipped with the pressure difference detector that achieves high accuracy of measurement results are provided. Because, without the need for additional shielding, the sensor has a wide linear range due to the structure chosen, and the effects of external interfering magnetic fields are largely eliminated, thus the piston. This is because the position of can be measured extremely accurately. Therefore, such a flow measuring device can be manufactured smaller and cheaper.

Hereinafter, the functions of the pressure difference detector for the flow rate measuring device according to the present invention and the pressure difference detector according to the present invention in the system will be described based on the non-limiting examples shown in the drawings.

It is the schematic of the flow rate measuring apparatus which can use the pressure difference detector which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic of the pressure difference detector which concerns on this invention for the flow rate measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a graph which plotted the magnetic field about the amount of movement of a piston with respect to a pressure difference detector with and without a fixed magnetic field.

The flow rate measuring device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has an inlet 12 and an outlet 14. The inlet 12 and the outlet 14 are connected to each other by a main pipeline 16. A rotary positive displacement flow meter 18 formed as a gear pump is arranged in the main pipeline 16.

The fluid to be measured, especially the fuel, flows into the main pipeline 16 of the flow rate measuring device 10 through the inlet 12 from a device for generating a flow rate, particularly a fuel high pressure pump and at least one injection valve, and is a clutch or a transmission device. It is pumped via a positive displacement flow meter 18 that can be driven by a drive motor 20 via.

A detour line 22 branches from the main line 16 between the inlet 12 and the rotary positive displacement flow meter 18. The detour line 22 reopens to the main line 16 between the positive point flow meter 18 and the outlet 14 on the downstream side of the rotary positive displacement flow meter 18, and the main line 16 is correspondingly provided. Similarly, the inlet 12 and the outlet 14 are fluidly connected. A translational pressure difference detector 24 is arranged in the detour line 22. The pressure difference detector 24 includes a measurement chamber 26 and a piston 28 arranged in the measurement chamber 26 so as to be freely movable in the axial direction. The piston 28 has a specific gravity equal to that of the measuring fluid, that is, the fuel, and is formed into a cylindrical shape like the measuring chamber 26. The housing 27 defining the measurement chamber 26 has an inner diameter substantially corresponding to the outer diameter of the piston 28. When a pressure difference occurs between the front side and the rear side of the piston 28, the piston 28 is displaced from its stationary position. Correspondingly, the displacement amount of the piston 28 forms a degree with respect to the generated pressure difference.

At least one magnetoresistive sensor 30 is arranged in the measurement chamber 26 so that the amount of displacement can be calculated accurately. The magnetoresistive sensor 30 interacts with a permanent magnet 32 attached to the center of the piston 28. Further, in the magnetic resistance type sensor 30, a voltage corresponding to the amount of displacement of the piston 28 is generated by a magnetic field that changes during movement and acts on the sensor 30 due to the displacement of the piston 28.

In this embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 3, three magnetoresistive sensors 30 are arranged side by side in the axial direction, whereby the three types of voltages generated are superposed. According to the principle, the position of the permanent magnet 32 that moves with the piston 28 can be specified with high accuracy.

The magnetic resistance type sensor 30 is connected to the evaluation / control unit 34. The evaluation / control unit 34 processes the value of the sensor 30 and transmits a corresponding control signal to the drive motor 20. The drive motor 20 always causes some pressure difference in the piston 28 based on the fluid injected by the positive displacement flow meter 18 by pumping so that the piston 28 is always in the defined starting position. Controlled as much as possible to compensate. This means that when the piston 28 is displaced to the right, the retreat rotation speed increases according to the amount of this displacement, and vice versa. For this purpose, the displacement of the piston 28 or the volume in the measuring chamber 26 pushed away by the piston 28 is converted by the transmission function into the desired pumping volume of the positive displacement flow meter 18 or the rotation speed of the drive motor 20 to drive. The motor 20 is appropriately energized.

A pressure sensor 36 and a temperature sensor 38 are arranged in the measurement chamber 26. The pressure sensor 36 and the temperature sensor 38 also continuously measure the pressure and temperature generated in this region, and the evaluation / control unit 34 also allows the change in specific gravity to be taken into consideration during the calculation. Supply to.

The measurement flow is the flow rate in the detour pipeline 22 caused by the movement or position of the piston 28 and the volume in the measurement chamber 26 pushed away by the movement or position of the piston 28 when the total flow rate to be calculated is calculated by the evaluation / control unit 34. Not only that, the actual flow rate of the positive displacement flow meter 18 is also taken into account at defined time intervals and both flow rates are added together to calculate the total flow rate.

In the calculation of the flow rate in the piston 28, for example, in the evaluation / control unit 34 connected to the sensor 30, the displacement amount of the piston 28 is differentiated and then multiplied by the bottom area of the piston 28, whereby at this time interval. This is done by clarifying the volumetric flow rate in the detour pipeline 22.

The flow rate through the positive displacement flow meter 18 and thus in the main pipeline 16 can be specified from the control data calculated for adjusting the positive displacement flow meter 18, or the number of revolutions is an optical code processor. Alternatively, when measured directly via a magnetoresistive sensor, it can be calculated via the flow rate.

For high-precision and high-resolution measurement results, it is important to quickly measure the displacement amount of the piston 28 without error. However, it has been found that an external magnetic field from a component that works electromagnetically, such as an electric motor or another conductor that is energized, acts as a disturbing magnetic field that negatively affects the measurement results of the sensor.

Therefore, in order to prevent deterioration of the measured value due to the disturbing magnetic field, according to the present invention, at least one fixed permanent magnet 40 is arranged in the housing 27, and the magnetic field of the fixed permanent magnet 40 is exclusively used. The direction of movement of the piston 28, and thus the reluctance sensor 30 formed as the unipolar sensor 30, acts on one or more reluctance sensors 30 in the measurement direction. Therefore, the lines of magnetic force of the fixed permanent magnet 40 acting on the sensor 30 are parallel to the lines of magnetic force of the movable permanent magnet 32 having the same direction of action as measured by the sensor 30.

In the illustrated embodiment, a magnetic field is generated by the first fixed permanent magnets 40 and the second fixed permanent magnets 42 arranged on both sides of the sensor 30. The first fixed permanent magnet 40 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 have one common axis extending parallel to the reference axis when the piston 28 and thus the movable permanent magnet 32 are moved. It is located on 44 with the sensor 30. Since both fixed permanent magnets 40 and 42 have the opposite polarity to the movable permanent magnet 32, the magnetic field of the movable permanent magnet 32 acting on the sensor 30 is always enhanced. This expands the available magnetic field and shifts the second maximum value of the magnetic field in the zero direction. Therefore, the available linear measurement range is still extended, which makes the measurement more accurate. It is shown in FIG. 3 that the magnetic field strength shifts in this way when the piston moves due to the presence of the fixed permanent magnets 40 and 42.

Both fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 are provided as close as possible to both sides of the sensor 30. In particular, both fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 can be located on the same board 46 as the sensor 30, and thus can be located within the moving stroke of the piston 28 or the movable permanent magnet. In this case, a relatively small magnetic field generated by the fixed permanent magnets 40, 42, for example, corresponding to about 3% of the magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet 32, is sufficient. The advantage of this arrangement is also that the fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 do not affect the movable permanent magnets 32 with respect to measurement. This can also possibly affect the force balance in the piston 28. The board 46 is arranged in a housing block 52 made of aluminum. The housing block 52 is part of the housing 27, on the one hand it has good thermal conductivity and can be used for cooling or heating, and on the other hand it is not magnetic and thereby permanent. Magnetization by the magnets 40 and 42 does not occur.

However, it may be necessary to place the fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 at intervals with respect to the board 46 and thus the electronic components placed on the board 46. Nevertheless, in order to achieve a magnetic field shift, as a result, fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 with higher magnetic field strength must be used. This is because the fixed permanent magnets 40, 42 have a larger distance from the sensor, for example, are located outside the range of the moving stroke of the movable permanent magnet 32. The magnetic field strength of the magnets 40 and 42 is, for example, 70% of the magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet 32. As a result, a magnetic attraction force and a repulsive force act on the movable permanent magnet 32. This suction force and repulsive force eventually move the piston. This affects the adjustment of the flow measuring device 10.

To avoid this, a third fixed permanent magnet 48 and a fourth fixed permanent magnet 50 are placed in the housing 27 on the side of the piston 28 opposite the sensor 30 to act on the measuring chamber 26. Be placed. The third fixed permanent magnet 48 and the fourth fixed permanent magnet 50 are the first fixed permanent magnet 40 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 at the motion axis 45 of the movable permanent magnet 32. The magnetic field is accurately compensated, that is, along this axis, the combined magnetic force of the four fixed permanent magnets 40, 42, 48, 50 is arranged to be zero. This can be done, for example, by arranging the movable permanent magnet 32 in an axis-symmetrical arrangement with respect to the motion axis 45 of the permanent magnet 32, while keeping the magnetic field strength and polarity the same. However, the magnetic field acting on the sensor 30 of the first fixed permanent magnet 40 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 is the first fixed permanent magnet 40 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 with respect to the sensor 30. The spacing between and is still well maintained, based on the fact that it is smaller than the third permanent magnet 48 and the fourth permanent magnet 50. This alternative arrangement of the permanent magnets is simply shown by a broken line in FIG. 2 and forms an alternative arrangement to the permanent magnets 40, 42 illustrated by the solid line of the first embodiment described.

The pressure difference detector configured in this way provides extremely accurate measurements. This also improves the measurement of the flow measuring device. This is because the effects of external magnetic fields that cause interference are surprisingly significantly reduced, while the linear range of the sensor 30 or changing magnetic field that can be used for accurate measurements is significantly increased. .. This improves accuracy. Thus, additional magnetic shielding can be omitted.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, and various different modifications can be made within the scope of the independent claims. In particular, the magnetic field may optionally be generated by fixed permanent magnets of different numbers and arrangements.

Claims (13)

A pressure difference detector for flow measuring equipment
Housing (27) and
A measurement chamber (26) formed in the housing (27) and
A piston (28) movably arranged in the measurement chamber (26) in the axial direction, and a piston (28).
A permanent magnet (32) arranged on the piston (28) and movable together with the piston (28),
At least one magnetoresistive sensor (30) that measures the change in the magnetic field in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet (32), and
In the pressure difference detector for flow rate measuring equipment
At least one fixed permanent magnet (40; 42) is arranged in the housing (27), and the magnetic field of the fixed permanent magnet (40; 42) is said to be exclusively in the direction of motion of the piston (28). A pressure difference detector for a flow measuring device, characterized in that it acts on a magnetic resistance type sensor (30). Two fixed permanent magnets (40, 42) are arranged in the housing (27), and both fixed permanent magnets (40, 42) are the motion axes (32) of the movable permanent magnets (32). The first fixed permanent magnet (40) is arranged together with the at least one magnetic resistance type sensor (30) on one common axis (44) extending parallel to 45). Located on the first side of at least one magnetic resistance sensor (30), the second fixed permanent magnet (42) is the opposite of the at least one magnetic resistance sensor (30). The pressure difference detector for the flow measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference detector is arranged on the side. The pressure difference detector for a flow rate measuring device according to claim 2, wherein both the fixed permanent magnets (40, 42) have the opposite polarity to the movable permanent magnets (32). The flow rate measuring device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a plurality of magnetoresistive sensors (30) are arranged between both of the fixed permanent magnets (40, 42) on the axis. Pressure difference detector for. Any of claims 2 to 4, wherein both fixed permanent magnets (40, 42) have a mutual spacing that at least corresponds to the maximum movement stroke of the movable permanent magnet (32). The pressure difference detector for the flow rate measuring device according to item 1. A third fixed permanent magnet (48) and a fourth fixed permanent magnet (48) and a fourth on the opposite side of the piston (28) from the first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42). A fixed permanent magnet (50) is arranged, and the third fixed permanent magnet (48) and the fourth fixed permanent magnet (50) generate a synthetic magnetic field, and the synthetic magnetic field is generated. In the moving axis (45) of the movable permanent magnet (32), the combined magnetic field of the first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) with respect to the magnitude of the magnetic field. The pressure difference detector for the flow measuring device according to claim 5, which is compatible and has the opposite orientation. The first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are arranged within the range of the moving stroke of the movable permanent magnet (32), and the movable permanent magnet (32) is arranged. Claims 2 to 4, wherein a magnetic field smaller than 5% of the maximum magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet (32) is generated at a height of the moving axis (45) of the magnet (32). The pressure difference detector for the flow measuring device according to any one of the above items. The first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are arranged on a board (46) on which the magnetoresistive sensor (30) is arranged. The pressure difference detector for the flow measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that. The first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are attached to the housing block (52) of the housing (27) to which the board (46) is attached. The pressure difference detector for the flow rate measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pressure difference detector is characterized by the above. The pressure difference detector for a flow rate measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the housing block (52) is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The magnetic field strengths of the first fixed permanent magnet (40) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) correspond to 1% to 90% of the magnetic field strength of the movable permanent magnet (32). The pressure difference detector for the flow measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the pressure difference detector is characterized in that. The pressure difference detection for the flow rate measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the one or more magnetic resistance type sensors (30) are unipolar type sensors. vessel. It is a flow measuring device for measuring the progress of the flow rate decomposed in time.
Entrance (12) and
Exit (14) and
Driven positive flow meter (18) and
A detour line (22) capable of bypassing the positive displacement flow meter (18) and
With the pressure difference detector (24) arranged in the detour line (22),
An evaluation / control unit (34) capable of adjusting the driveable positive displacement flow meter (18) according to the pressure difference generated in the pressure difference detector (24).
In a flow measuring device equipped with
The flow rate measuring device, wherein the pressure difference detector (24) is the pressure difference detector according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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