JP2021527421A - Cd37及びcd19を標的とするキメラ抗原受容体 - Google Patents
Cd37及びcd19を標的とするキメラ抗原受容体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、どちらも参照によりその内容全体が本明細書に組み入れられる、2018年6月22日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/688,775号、及び2018年11月8日出願の同第62/757,562号の利益を請求する。
本出願は、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出された配列表を含み、その全内容は本明細書において参照により援用される。ASCIIコピーは、2019年6月19日に作成され、51295−018WO3_Sequence_Listing_6.19.19_ST25と命名され、大きさは56,545バイトである。
便宜上、本明細書、実施例、及び添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるいくつかの用語及び句の意味を以下に提供する。特に明記されていない限り、又は文脈から暗示されている場合を除き、以下の用語及び句には、以下に提供される意味が含まれる。定義は、特定の実施態様を説明するのを助けるために提供され、技術の範囲は特許請求の範囲によってのみ制限されるため、請求された技術を制限することを意図するものではない。特に定義がない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべての技術用語及び科学用語は、本技術が属する分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるものと同一の意味を持つ。当該技術分野における用語の使用法と本明細書で提供されるその定義との間に明らかな矛盾がある場合、明細書内で提供される定義が優先するものとする。
本発明の態様のいずれかのある実施態様では、本明細書に記載される開示は、ヒトをクローン化するためのプロセス、ヒトの生殖細胞系列の遺伝的同一性を修飾するためのプロセス、工業的又は商業的目的のためのヒト胚の使用、又はヒト又は動物に実質的な医学的利益をもたらすことなく苦しむ可能性のある動物及びそのようなプロセスから生じる動物の遺伝的同一性を修飾するためのプロセスには関連しない。
本明細書に記載される技術は、例えばがんを治療するための、免疫療法における使用のためのCD37及びCD19を標的とする二重特異性CARを提供する。
さまざまな実施態様では、本明細書に記載されるCARは、細胞外標的結合ドメインとして抗体試薬又はその抗原結合ドメインを含む。
あらゆる細胞表面部分は、CARによって標的とされ得る。ほとんどの場合、標的は、T細胞応答の標的とすることが望まれる細胞上で異なって又は優先的に発現される細胞表面ポリペプチドである。この点について、腫瘍抗原又は腫瘍関連抗原は、非腫瘍細胞又は組織への付随的損傷を回避又は少なくとも制限する一方、腫瘍細胞を標的とする手段を提供して、魅力的な標的を提供する。
CARの結合ドメインの後には、一又は複数の「ヒンジドメイン」が続いてもよく、これは、標的結合ドメインをエフェクター細胞表面から離して配置し、適切な細胞/細胞接触、標的結合及び活性化を可能にするのに役立つ。CARは、場合によっては、結合ドメインと膜貫通ドメイン(TM)との間に一又は複数のヒンジドメインを含む。ヒンジドメインは、天然、合成、半合成、又は組み換え起源のいずれかに由来し得る。ヒンジドメインは、天然に存在する免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域又は改変された免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域のアミノ酸配列を含み得る。本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARにおける使用に適した例示的なヒンジドメインには、CD8(例えばCD8α)、CD4、CD28、及びCD7のような1型膜タンパク質の細胞外領域に由来するヒンジ領域が含まれ、これは、これらの分子の野生型ヒンジ領域であるか、又は改変されている場合がある。一実施態様では、ヒンジドメインは、CD8αヒンジ領域を含む。
本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARは、場合によっては、共刺激分子の細胞内ドメイン、又は共刺激ドメインを含む。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「共刺激ドメイン」は、共刺激分子の細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを指す。共刺激分子は、抗原への結合時にTリンパ球の効率的な活性化及び機能に必要とされる第2のシグナルを提供する抗原受容体又はFc受容体以外の細胞表面分子である。そのような共刺激分子の例には、CARD11、CD2、CD7、CD27、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD54(ICAM)、CD83、CD134(OX40)、CD137(4−1BB)、CD150(SLAMF1)、CD152(CTLA4)、CD223(LAG3)、CD270(HVEM)、CD273(PD−L2)、CD274(PD−L1)、CD278(ICOS)、DAP10、LAT、NKD2C SLP76、TRIM、及びZAP70が含まれる。例えば、細胞内ドメインは、4−1BBの細胞内ドメインである。
本明細書に記載されるような二重特異性CARは、細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含む。「細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン」は、標的抗原に結合する効果的なCARのメッセージを免疫エフェクター細胞の内部に導入して、エフェクター細胞の機能、例えば、活性化、サイトカイン産生、細胞傷害性因子のCAR結合標的細胞への放出を含む増殖及び細胞傷害性活性、又は細胞外CARドメインへの抗原結合に続いて引き起こされる他の細胞応答を引き起こすことに関与するCARポリペプチドの一部を指す。本技術で特に使用される免疫受容体チロシン活性化モチーフ(ITAM)含有細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインの非限定的な例には、TCRζ、FcRγ、FcRβ、CD3γ、CD3θ、CD3δ、CD3ε、CD3ζ、CD22、CD79a、CD79b、及びCD66dに由来する物が含まれる。
二重特異性CAR Tの生成における使用のための本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARポリペプチドをコードする核酸コンストラクト及びベクターも提供される。さまざまな実施態様では、本発明は、それぞれが本発明の二重特異性CAR T細胞中に発現される多数のタンパク質の別個のコード配列を含むコンストラクトを提供する。これらの別個のコーディング配列は、本明細書に記載されるような切断可能なリンカー配列によって互いに分離され得る。例えば、ウイルス2Aタンパク質(例えばT2A)をコードする配列は、別個の遺伝子間に配置することができ、転写されると、生成されたポリタンパク質の切断を指示することができる。上に示したように、本発明のコンストラクト及びベクターは、数多くの異なる配列の組み合わせのいずれかを含むことができる。
本技術の一態様は、本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARポリペプチドのいずれか(例えば配列番号15、16、19、又は20);又は本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARポリペプチドのいずれかをコードする核酸を含む免疫細胞に関する。一実施態様では、免疫細胞は、抗体、抗体試薬、その抗原結合部分、若しくは本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARのいずれか、又はそのような抗体、抗体試薬、その抗原結合部分、若しくは本明細書に記載される二重特異性CARのいずれかをコードする核酸を含む。本明細書で使用される場合、「免疫細胞」は、免疫応答に役立つ細胞を指す。免疫細胞は、造血由来であり、リンパ球、例えばB細胞及びT細胞;ナチュラルキラー細胞;骨髄系細胞、例えば単球、マクロファージ、好酸球、マスト細胞、好塩基球、及び顆粒球を含む。免疫細胞は、T細胞;NK細胞;NKT細胞;リンパ球、例えばB細胞及びT細胞;並びに骨髄系細胞、例えば、単球、マクロファージ、好酸球、マスト細胞、好塩基球、及び顆粒球であり得る。いくつかの実施態様では、免疫細胞はT細胞である。他の実施態様では、免疫細胞はNK細胞である。
本発明は、例えばがん、自己免疫疾患若しくは障害、又は形質細胞疾患若しくは障害を含む疾患又は状態の治療及び予防における使用のための方法及び組成物を提供する。これらの方法には、本明細書に記載されるような二重特異性CARを含む免疫細胞(例えばT細胞又はNK細胞)を使用すること、及び例えばがんを治療するために修飾された免疫細胞を対象に投与することが含まれる。本発明の態様のいずれかのある実施態様では、修飾された免疫細胞(例えば、本明細書に記載されるような一又は複数の追加の修飾を含むT細胞又はNK細胞)は、対象への投与前に刺激及び/又は活性化される。
いくつかの実施態様では、本明細書に記載される方法は、がん、形質細胞疾患若しくは障害、又は自己免疫疾患若しくは障害を有するか又は有すると診断された対象を、本明細書に記載されるCARポリペプチドのいずれか、又は本明細書に記載されるCARポリペプチドのいずれかをコードする核酸を含む哺乳動物細胞を用いて治療することに関連する。本明細書で使用される場合の二重特異性CAR T又はNK細胞は、記載されるような二重特異性CARポリペプチドのいずれか、又は二重特異性CARポリペプチドのいずれかをコードする核酸を含む哺乳動物T又はNK細胞を指す。
本明細書で使用される場合、「単位投与形態」は、適切な1回の投与のための投与量を指す。例として、単位投与形態は、シリンジ又は点滴用バッグなどの送達デバイスに配置される治療剤の量であり得る。一実施態様では、単位投与形態は、単回投与で投与される。別の実施態様では、一を超える単位投与形態が同時に投与され得る。
本明細書に記載される二重特異性CAR T又はNK細胞は、他の既知の薬剤及び療法と組み合わせて使用することができる。例えば、対象は、抗CD19療法及び/又は抗CD20療法をさらに投与され得る。一実施態様では、対象は、抗CD19療法及び/又は抗CD20療法に耐性がある。別の態様では、対象は、抗CD19療法及び/又は抗CD20療法を同時に投与される。
例示的な免疫調節剤には、例えば、アフツズマブ(Roche(登録商標)から入手可能);ペグフィルグラスチム(Neulasta(登録商標));レナリドミド(CC−5013、Revlimid(登録商標));サリドマイド(Thalomid(登録商標))、アクチミド(CC4047);及びIRX−2(インターロイキン1、インターロイキン2、及びインターフェロンγを含むヒトサイトカインの混合物、CAS 951209−71−5、IRX Therapeuticsから入手可能)含まれる。例示的なアントラサイクリンの例には、例えば、ドキソルビシン(Adriamycin(登録商標)及びRubex(登録商標));ブレオマイシン(lenoxane(登録商標));ダウノルビシン(ダウノルビシン塩酸塩、ダウノマイシン、及びルビドマイシン塩酸塩、Cerubidine(登録商標));ダウノルビシンリポソーム(ダウノルビシンシトレートリポソーム、DaunoXome(登録商標));ミトキサントロン(DHAD、NovantronTM);イダルビシン(Idamycin(登録商標)、Idamycin PFS(登録商標));ミトマイシンC(Mutamycin(登録商標));ゲルダナマイシン;ヘルビマイシン;ラビドマイシン;及びデスアセチルラビドマイシンが含まれる。例示的なビンカアルカノイドには、例えば、ビノレルビン酒石酸塩(Navelbine(登録商標))、ビンクリスチン(Oncovin(登録商標))、及びビンデシン(Eldisine(登録商標)));ビンブラスチン(ビンブラスチンサルフェート、ビンカロイコブラスチン及びVLBとしても知られる。Alkaban−AQ(登録商標)及びVelban(登録商標));及びビノレルビン(Navelbine(登録商標))が含まれる。例示的なプロテオソーム阻害剤には、ボルテゾミブ(Velcade(登録商標));カルフィルゾミブ(PX−171−007,(5)−4−メチル−N−((5)−l−(((5)−4−メチル−l−((R)−2−メチルオキシラン−2−イル)−l−オキソペンタン−2−イル)アミノ)−l−オキソ−3−フェニルプロパン−2−イル)−2−((5,)−2−(2−モルホリノアセトアミド)−4−フェニルブタンアミド)−ペンタンアミド);マリゾミブ(NPT0052);イキサゾミブシトレート(MLN−9708);デランゾミブ(CEP−18770);及びO−メチル−N−[(2−メチル−5−チアゾリル)カルボニル]−L−セリル−O−メチル−N−[(llS’)−2−[(2R)−2−メチル−2−オキシラニル]−2−オキソ−l−(フェニルメチル)エチル]−L−セリンアミド(ONX−0912)が含まれる。
例えば本明細書に記載される状態の治療における、又は本明細書に記載される応答(例えばがん細胞の減少)を誘発するための二重特異性CAR T又はNK細胞の有効性は、熟練の臨床医により決定することができる。しかしながら、本明細書に記載される状態の徴候又は症状の一つ又は複数が有益な方法で変化した場合、他の臨床的に認められた症状が改善された場合、又は所望の応答が、例えば、本明細書に記載の方法による治療後少なくとも10%誘導される場合、治療は、その用語が本明細書で使用される場合の「効果的な治療」と見なされる。有効性は、例えば、本明細書に記載される方法によって治療される状態のマーカー、指標、症状、及び/若しくは発生、又は適切な任意の他の測定可能なパラメータを測定することにより、評価することができる。本明細書に記載される方法による治療は、状態のマーカー又は症状のレベルを、少なくとも10%、少なくとも15%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも25%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%又は少なくとも90%又はそれ以上減少させることができる。
初代Tリンパ球の増殖のために、バルクヒトT細胞を抗CD3/CD28 Dynabeads(LifeTechnologies)を使用して活性化させ(第0日)、続いて、24時間後にCARをコードするレンチウイルスベクターを導入した。培養の第0日に開始して20IU/mlのrhIL−2を補充した培地中でT細胞を培養し、2−3日毎に測定して0.5×106/mLの一定した細胞濃度で維持した。機能的アッセイについて、CAR T細胞を培養の第8−10日に凍結保存し、解凍時にそれを抗原で直ちに刺激するか又はマウスに注射した。
JEKO−1、RAJI及び野生型K562親細胞をAmerican Type Culture Collection(ATCC)から購入した。K562細胞を工学操作してCD37及びCD19を発現させた(K562−CD37−CD19)。いくつかのアッセイについて、細胞株を工学操作して、コメツキムシ緑色(CBG)ルシフェラーゼ/高感度GFP(eGFP)を構成的に発現させ、その後、FACSAria(BD Biosciences(登録商標))でソートして≧99%の純粋集団(CBG−GFP+)を得た。10%のウシ胎仔血清(FBS)、ペニシリン及びストレプトマイシンを含有するRPMI培地中で細胞株を培養した。
以下の抗体を使用した:CD37−APC(クローンMB−1、eBioscience(登録商標))、CD37−BV711(クローンMB−371、BD Biosciences(登録商標))、CD19−Pacific Blue(クローンHIB19、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD19−FITC(クローン4G7、BD)、CD5−BUV737(クローンUCHT2、BD)、CD20−APC Cy7(クローン2H7、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD79b−PE(クローンCB3−1、eBioscience(登録商標))、CD3−BV786(クローンSK7、BD)、CD3−BV605(クローンOKT3、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD45−PeCy7(クローンHI30、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD16−PE(クローンB73.1、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD14−Pacific Blue(クローンHCD14、Biologend(登録商標))、CD56−APC(クローンHCD56、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD33−BV510(クローンP67.6、Biolegend(登録商標))、CD107a−AF700(クローンH4A3、BD Biosciences(登録商標))、CD69−APC(クローンFN50、Biolegend(登録商標))、及びIFNγ−FITC(クローンGZ−4、eBioscience(登録商標))。細胞を暗所において4℃で30分間染色し、2%のFBSを含むPBS中で2回洗浄した。取得前にDAPIを添加して、性細胞にゲートした。細胞あたりの抗体結合(ABC)を使用して抗原密度を測定し、QuantumTM Simply Cellular(Bangs Laboratories)を使用して計算した。
無記名のヒト健康ドナーロイコパックから精製されたヒトT細胞をCell Stimulation Cocktail(eBioscience(登録商標)、カタログ番号00−4970−03)で6時間活性化した。活性化T細胞及び非活性化T細胞を製造業者の指示に従ってCFSE(ThermoFisher(登録商標)、カタログ番号C34554)で標識し、CAR−37、CAR−19又は同じ正常ドナーから産生された非導入T細胞と共培養した。24時間後、フローサイトメトリーを使用して各条件におけるCFSE陽性細胞の数を数えた。
3人の正常なドナーからのPBMCをFicoll−Paque PLUS(GE Healthcare、C987R36)を用いて単離し、単球をStemCell(登録商標)キット(カタログ番号19359)を用いて精製した。先述のように in vivoでM1/M2マクロファージを産生した(Zhang et al., PLoS One. 11(4):e0153550, 2016)。単球、マクロファージ、NK細胞及びT細胞を、1:1のE:T比でCAR−37 CAR−19又は非導入T細胞を用いて6時間培養し、CD107a及びIFNγの産生をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。PMA/イオノマイシンをポジティブコントロールとして使用した。値を培地で正規化した。グラフは倍率変化を表す。
細胞傷害性アッセイについて、CAR T細胞エフェクター細胞を、示されている比で16時間にわたってCBGルシフェラーゼ発現腫瘍標的と共培養した。Synergy Neo2発光マイクロプレートリーダー(Biotek(登録商標))を用いてルシフェラーゼ活性を測定した。可溶性サイトカインの分析について、エフェクター細胞を1:1の比で24時間にわたって腫瘍標的と共培養した。
Jurkat(NFAT−Luc)レポーター細胞(Signosis、SL−0032)に異なるCARコンストラクトを導入した。それらを1:1のE:T比で24時間にわたってB細胞リンパ腫腫瘍細胞又はNalm6白血病細胞と共培養した。抗CD3/CD28ビーズをポジティブコントロールとして、培地をネガティブコントロールとして使用した。Synergy Neo2発光マイクロプレートリーダー(Biotek(登録商標))を用いてルシフェラーゼ活性を16時間後に測定した。相対活性化をPMAで計算した。
パラフィン切片をキシレンで脱パラフィンし、その後、一連のエタノール洗浄とそれに続くH2O洗浄で再水和した。pH 6.0の0.01Mクエン酸ナトリウムバッファー中で15分間スライドを電子レンジ加熱して抗原回復を実施した。0.1% Tween−20(PBS−T)を含有するリン酸緩衝食塩水を用いて洗浄した後、内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性を3% H2O2で10分間クエンチした。その後、スライドをPBS−Tで再度洗浄し、Novolink Protein Blockを用いて25℃で30分間ブロックした。PBS−Tを用いた追加の洗浄の後、1:150に希釈した5% ヤギ血清及びマウス抗CD37(Invitrogen(登録商標)、カタログ番号MA5−15492)を含有するPBS−Tで、25℃で1時間スライドをインキュベートした。PBS−Tで洗浄した後、スライドをCell Signaling Technology Signal Stain Boost IHCマウス検出試薬で25℃で30分間インキュベートし、PBS−Tで再度洗浄し、DAB色素源を含有するDAB希釈剤(Vector Labs)でインキュベートした。染色発生後、スライドをPBS−Tで再度洗浄し、ヘマトキシリンで対比染色した。
末梢T細胞リンパ腫(PTCL)が関与するホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋組織をブリガム・アンド・ウィメンズ病院の病理学部(Department of Pathology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital)のアーカイブから回収した。ドナーブロックからのコア(直径0.6mm)を、レシピエントブロックに移して、Tissue Microarray Core of the Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Centerで組織マイクロアレイを作成し、免疫組織化学的染色研究のための4ミクロンの切片を調製するために使用した。
NOD−SCID−γ鎖−/−(NSG)(The Jackson Laboratory(登録商標))に、記載される投与経路を介してJEKO−1細胞株又は患者由来の腫瘍細胞を生着させた。腫瘍の生着が発光によって確認された後、凍結保存したCAR−37、CAR−19、又は非導入T細胞を静脈内注射した。Amiスペクトルイメージング装置を使用して腫瘍量を定期的にモニターし、D−ルシフェリン基質溶液(30mg/mL)の腹腔内注射後にIDLソフトウェアv. 4.3.1を用いて分析した。動物は、実験プロトコルに従って、又はIACUCによって定義された事前に指定されたエンドポイントに達したときに安楽死させた。
別途記載がない限り、等分散の正規データには、両側スチューデントのt検定又は2元配置分散分析を使用した。P<0.05の場合に有意性を考慮した。GraphPad Prism(登録商標)7(バージョン7.0)を用いて分析を実施した。
二つの抗CD37 CARコンストラクトを合成し、ヒトEF−1αプロモーターの制限下で第3世代のレンチウイルスプラスミド骨格にクローニングした。CARのすべては、CD8ヒンジ、4−1BB共刺激ドメイン及びCD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインを有する。ベクターは、形質導入効率の列挙を容易にするために、蛍光レポーターmCherryをコードする第2の導入遺伝子も含有していた。INDが除外されたプロトコル下でMGH血液バンクから購入した無記名ヒト健康ドナーロイコパックからヒトT細胞を精製した(StemCell Technologies(登録商標)、カタログ番号15061)。T細胞の培養の詳細を実施例1に提供する。
フローサイトメトリーを使用して、白血球及び非ホジキンリンパ腫細胞株Nalm6、Jeko−1及びRaji(図1A)、及び患者由来MCL細胞株(図1B及び1C)、及び初代患者CLL細胞(図1D)におけるCD37及びCD19の発現を調べた。また、CD37とCD19の両方を導入したK562細胞を産生して、vitro刺激、及び細胞傷害性アッセイのポジティブコントロール用の人工抗原提示細胞として使用した(図1A)。プレB細胞由来の白血病細胞(Nalm6)はCD19を発現したがCD37を発現せず(図1A)、すべてのリンパ腫細胞は、CD19とCD37の両方を発現した(図1A−1C)。患者由来のMCLサンプルでは、ゲートされた陽性細胞の平均蛍光強度に基づき、CD37の高度で均一な発現を記録し、これはCD19よりもさらに高いが、この違いは抗体結合の違いやフルオロフォアの輝度を反映している可能性があることが認識されている(図1C)。
4−1BB細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン及びCD3ζと直列になった抗CD37scFv及びCD8膜貫通ドメインからなる二つの抗CD37キメラ抗原受容体を設計した(図3A)。可変重鎖及び軽鎖の両方の配向においてscFvsを合成し、CAR−37 L−H及びCAR−37 H−Lを生成した。導入効率の評価を容易にするために、mCherry蛍光レポーター遺伝子をCAR配列のC末端にある2Aリボソームスキップ配列の後に組み込んだ。第3世代の自己不活性化レンチウイルスベクターを使用して、一次活性化ヒトT細胞への高効率遺伝子導入を両方のコンストラクトで得た(図3B及び3C)。CAR−37 T細胞は、抗CD19 CAR T細胞(CAR−19)と同等に、最初の10日間に抗CD3/CD28ビーズで最初にプライミングした後に増殖を示した。比較として、CAR−19 T細胞を、CD8膜貫通ドメインと4−1BB及びCD3ζ細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインとを有する同じ骨格に基づいて生成した。CAR−37 T細胞は、CD37及びCD19を発現するよう導入された照射K562細胞での反復抗原刺激を通じて長期的に増殖し得ることを発見した(図3D)。次に、Jurkatレポーター(NFAT−ルシフェラーゼ)T細胞を使用したCARの活性化を試験した。Jurkatレポーター細胞に異なるCARコンストラクトを導入した後、抗CD3/CD28ビーズ、B細胞リンパ腫腫瘍細胞、Nalm6白血病細胞、又はネガティブコントロールとしての培地を含むさまざまな刺激で細胞を共培養した。蛍光を測定することにより、抗原刺激に応じた特異的なT細胞活性化及びNFAT媒介性の蛍光を実証した(図3E)。このアッセイでは、L−H配向における抗CD37 CARは、H−L配向における抗CD37 CARよりもより確実に、かつCD19発現腫瘍に応じた抗CD19 CARと同様のレベルで、活性化を開始するようにみられた。しかしながら、最適なCARコンストラクトに相当するNFAT転座の既知の閾値又は最適量は存在しない。これらのデータは、抗CD37 CARが特異的な抗原刺激に応じてT細胞活性化シグナルを媒介し、抗原刺激に応じて長期的に成長できることを示す。
CAR−37 T細胞の抗腫瘍活性を定義するために、リンパ腫細胞株のパネルに対して細胞傷害性アッセイを実施した。16時間にわたってさまざまなエフェクター対標的の比で、CAR−37 T細胞をJeko−1、OSU−CLL、Raji又はK562−CD37−CD19細胞と共培養した(図5)。すべてのCAR−37 T細胞エフェクターは標的細胞を溶解させることができたが、Jurkat活性化アッセイで観察したものとは対照的に、重−軽鎖構成は、抗CD37 CAR T細胞の軽−重構成よりも好ましいものであった。この差は明白であり、試験したすべての腫瘍株と一致していた。特に、CAR−37 H−L又はCAR−19が導入されたT細胞は、これらの標的腫瘍細胞に対して同等の細胞溶解活性を実証し、標的腫瘍細胞のすべては両方の抗原を発現する。
CAR−37 H−LはCAR−37 L−Hよりも優れている可能性があるが決定的ではないことをin vitroアッセイが示しているため、これらの二つのフォーマットをMCLの異種モデルで比較した。NSGマウスにルシフェラーゼ発現Jeko−1(CBG−GFP+)細胞を静脈内注射した。7日後、すべてのマウスにおける生物発光イメージング(BLI)により疾病負荷を評価し、CAR−37又は非導入(UTD)T細胞を尾静脈注射により投与した。14日目までに、CAR−37 L−H治療動物において部分的な疾患コントロールがなされたが、CAR−37 H−L治療マウスでは完全な疾患の根絶がなされ(図7A−7C)、これにより、CAR−37 L−HよりもCAR−37 H−Lの優れた抗原誘発エフェクター機能を確認し、CAR−37 H−Lをその後さらなる実験のため及びin vivoでのCAR−19 T細胞との直接比較のために選択した。
PTCL株及びPTCLのPDXサンプルにおけるCD37の表面発現をフローサイトメトリーにより分析した。3つの細胞株(Hut78、Fedp及びSeax)並びにさまざまなレベルで細胞表面にCD37を発現する5つのPDXサンプルを同定した(図9A及び9B、表3)。
抗原エスケープを回避するための可能な手段は、複数の抗原を認識できるT細胞を生成することである(Ruella et al., J. Clin. Invest. 126:3814−26, 2016; Zah et al., Cancer Immunology Research. 4:498−508, 2016)。CD19及びCD37の二重標的化は、B−CLL細胞に効果的な結果をもたらした二重リガンド免疫リポソームアプローチで以前に調査された(Yu et al., Biomaterials. 34:6185−6193, 2013)。CD19又はCD37が単独で又は組み合わせて標的細胞上に存在するときにT細胞の活性化を効率的に引き起こし得る二重特異性CARを設計した。2つのコンストラクトを生成し、第2世代の4−1BB−CD3ζベクターで異なる順序で直列に結合された抗CD19及び抗CD37 scFvを用いて試験した(図11A)。同じMOIを使用した場合でさえも、CAR19−37 T細胞は、CAR37−19と比較して、導入効率が低いことを観察した(図11B及び11C)。
CD37発現はPTCL(Pereira et al., Mol. Cancer. Ther. 14(7):1650-60, 2015)及び多くのB−NHLで報告されており、よって、CAR T細胞免疫療法の有望な標的である。しかしながら、活性化T細胞はCD37を発現し得るが、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞は発現しない。よって、NK細胞は、CD19/CD37−CAR又はCD37−CARを含むCAR T細胞療法にとって魅力的な細胞傷害性細胞である。NK細胞は、GvHDのリスクを伴わずに抗腫瘍効果を媒介し、T細胞と比較して短寿命である。このことにより、CAR−37の有無にかかわらず、NK細胞は同種異系細胞治療製品の有望な源になる。以前の前臨床試験は、CARで修飾された初代ヒトNK細胞を、CD19、CD20、及びHER2を含むさまざまな抗原に対してリダイレクトし、抗CD19 CARで修飾された、ドナー由来の、及びハプロタイプ一致のNK細胞が、B細胞ALLの臨床試験に入った(NCT00995137、NCT01974479)。T細胞の自己標的化は、代わりにNK細胞を使用すること、及び同種異系の源としてNKを使用することにより、潜在的に軽減することができる。
scFv配列
VH(アミノ酸1−116(配列番号1))、リンカー領域(アミノ酸117−136(配列番号3))、及びVL(アミノ酸137−244(配列番号2))を含む抗CD37 scFv VH−VL(配列番号4)。
AVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号1)
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(配列番号3)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号2)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号2)
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(配列番号3)
AVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号1)
EIVMTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQDISKYLNWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYHTSRLHSGIPARFSGSGSGTDYTLTISSLQPEDFAVYFCQQGNTLPYTFGQGTKLEIK(配列番号13)
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(配列番号3)
QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGVSLPDYGVSWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWGSETTYYQSSLKSRVTISKDNSKNQVSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCAKHYYYGGSYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号12)
CD8シグナル配列(アミノ酸1−21(配列番号8));抗CD37 L−H(アミノ酸22−265(配列番号5));CD8ヒンジ及びTMドメイン(アミノ酸266−334(配列番号9));4−1BB(アミノ酸335−376(配列番号10));及びCD3ζ(アミノ酸377−488(配列番号11))を含むpMGH8(CAR−37 L−H)−CD8シグナル/抗CD37 L−H /CD8ヒンジ+TM/4−1BB/CD3ζ(配列番号7)。
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARP(配列番号8)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKRGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSAVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号5)
TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYC(配列番号9)
KRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCEL(配列番号10)
RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(配列番号11)
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARP(配列番号8)
AVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSDIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号4)
TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYC(配列番号9)
KRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCEL(配列番号10)
RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(配列番号11)
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARP(配列番号8)
EIVMTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQDISKYLNWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYHTSRLHSGIPARFSGSGSGTDYTLTISSLQPEDFAVYFCQQGNTLPYTFGQGTKLEIKGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGVSLPDYGVSWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWGSETTYYQSSLKSRVTISKDNSKNQVSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCAKHYYYGGSYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号14)
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(配列番号3)
AVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSDIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号4)
TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYC(配列番号9)
KRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCEL(配列番号10)
RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(配列番号11)
MALPVTALLLPLALLLHAARP(配列番号88)
AVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYSFTGYNMNWVRQAPGQGLEWMGNIDPYYGGTTYNRKFKGRVTLTVDKSSSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSVGPMDYWGQGTLVTVSSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSDIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRTSENVYSYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLVSSAKTLAEGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYFCQHHSDNPWTFGQGTKVEIKR(配列番号4)
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS(配列番号3)
EIVMTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSCRASQDISKYLNWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYHTSRLHSGIPARFSGSGSGTDYTLTISSLQPEDFAVYFCQQGNTLPYTFGQGTKLEIKGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGVSLPDYGVSWIRQPPGKGLEWIGVIWGSETTYYQSSLKSRVTISKDNSKNQVSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCAKHYYYGGSYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号14)
TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGAVHTRGLDFACDIYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYC(配列番号9)
KRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCEL(配列番号10)
RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(配列番号11)
1.(i)CD37結合ドメイン及びCD19結合ドメインを含む細胞外ドメイン、(ii)膜貫通ドメイン、並びに(iii)細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)。
上記発明は、理解を明瞭にする目的で説明及び例示としてある程度詳細に記載されたが、それら記載及び例示は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。ここに引用したすべての特許文献及び科学文献の開示内容は、参照によりその全体が明示的に包含されている。
Claims (40)
- (i)CD37結合ドメイン及びCD19結合ドメインを含む細胞外ドメイン、(ii)膜貫通ドメイン、並びに(iii)細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含むキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)。
- CD37結合ドメイン及び/又はCD19結合ドメインが、抗体、又はその抗原結合断片を含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- CD37結合ドメイン及び/又はCD19結合ドメインが単鎖可変断片(scFv)を含む、請求項2に記載のCAR。
- CD19結合ドメインがCD37結合ドメイン対するN末端に位置している、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- CD37結合ドメインがCD19結合ドメイン対するN末端に位置している、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- (iv)一又は複数の共刺激ドメインをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- 膜貫通ドメインがヒンジ/膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- ヒンジ/膜貫通ドメインが、CD8又は4−1BBのヒンジ/膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項7に記載のCAR。
- ヒンジ/膜貫通ドメインがCD8のヒンジ/膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項8に記載のCAR。
- 細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインが、TCRζ、FcRγ、FcRβ、CD3γ、CD3θ、CD3ε、CD3ζ、CD22、CD79a、CD79b、又はCD66dの細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- 細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD3ζの細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項10に記載のCAR。
- 共刺激ドメインが、4−1BB、CD28、又はOX−40の共刺激ドメインを含む、請求項6に記載のCAR。
- 共刺激ドメインが4−1BBの共刺激ドメインを含む、請求項12に記載のCAR。
- 配列番号20のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- 配列番号20のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項14に記載のCAR。
- CD37結合ドメインが、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変ドメイン(VH)と、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変ドメイン(VL)とを含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- VHが配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含み、VLが配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項16に記載のCAR。
- VHがVLに対するN末端に位置している、請求項16に記載のCAR。
- VLがVHに対するN末端に位置している、請求項16に記載のCAR。
- CD37結合ドメインが、配列番号4又は5のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- CD37結合ドメインが、配列番号4又は5のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項20に記載のCAR。
- CD19結合ドメインが、配列番号12のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変ドメイン(VH)と、配列番号13のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変ドメイン(VL)とを含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- VHが配列番号12のアミノ酸配列を含み、VLが配列番号13のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項22に記載のCAR。
- CD19結合ドメインが、配列番号14のアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- CD19結合ドメインが、配列番号14のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項24に記載のCAR。
- 請求項1に記載のCARをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 自殺遺伝子をさらに含む、請求項26に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- シグナル配列をコードする配列をさらに含む、請求項26に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1に記載のCAR及び/又は請求項1に記載のCARをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、免疫細胞。
- T細胞又はナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞である、請求項29に記載の免疫細胞。
- ヒト細胞である、請求項29に記載の免疫細胞。
- 請求項29に記載の免疫細胞と薬学的に許容される担体とを含む薬学的組成物。
- それを必要とする対象におけるがんを治療する方法であって、請求項29に記載の免疫細胞又はその薬学的組成物を対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- がんがCD37を発現する細胞を含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- がんが、B細胞非ホジキンリンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、又は白血病である、請求項34に記載の方法。
- B細胞非ホジキンリンパ腫が、マントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL)、濾胞性リンパ腫(FL)、又はバーキットリンパ腫である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- T細胞リンパ腫が、末梢T細胞リンパ腫(PTCL)、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫(CTCL)、血管免疫芽球性T細胞リンパ腫(AITL)、又は未分化大細胞リンパ腫(ALCL)である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 白血病が慢性リンパ球性白血病(CLL)である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 対象が抗CD19療法に対して非応答性である、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 対象が抗CD19療法を共投与される、請求項33に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2019/038518 WO2019246546A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-21 | Chimeric antigen receptors targeting cd37 and cd19 |
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WO2018170458A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-09-20 | The General Hospital Corporation | Chimeric antigen receptors targeting cd37 |
CA3203531A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | Simon Olivares | Recombinant vectors comprising polycistronic expression cassettes and methods of use thereof |
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