JP2021523814A - 血管内光音響断層撮影装置及びその方法 - Google Patents
血管内光音響断層撮影装置及びその方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、国立衛生研究所によって授与された1つ又は複数の助成金の下で政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は本発明に、ある一定の権利を有する場合がある。
PI、ポリイミド;PE、ポリエチレン;LD、低密度;PU、ポリウレタン;FEP、フッ素化エチレンプロピレン;PTFE、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン。n、屈折率;μa、吸収係数;μs、散乱係数;ρ、密度;cs、音速;Z、音響インピーダンス;αs、音響損失。光学特性は、1.7μmの光波長に対応し、音響損失は、40MHzの周波数に対するものである。
*:ポリマーの化学構造及び光音響信号から推定
本開示の装置及び方法の試験は、Animal Studies for Cardiovascular and Intestinal Imagingに従って実行し、Pudue動物管理使用委員会によって承認された。生体内IVPA画像化のために、生後8か月で、通常の固形飼料を与えられた、3匹の雄のニュージーランド・ホワイト(NZW:New Zealand White)ウサギ(Charles River Laboratories)を使用した。画像化手順の前に、ウサギを適切な服用量のケタミン(約35mg/kg)及びキシラジン(約5〜10mg/kg)で耳静脈注射によって麻酔し、全画像化プロセスの間、気管内挿管を通して、約100%O2と混合した約1〜5%イソフルランによって維持した。血管内アクセスのために、左大腿動脈を特定するよう、静脈切開手技を使用した。6Frのイントロデューサ・シースを大腿動脈に挿入し、大腿動脈を通してIVPAカテーテルを、X線血管造影法で誘導して、胸部大動脈まで進めた(図3A、図3B)。光損失を低減するためにカテーテル・シースにD2Oを流し、IVPA画像化中のレーザ加熱を取り除いた。様々な回転速度及び引戻し速度の組合せ(4fps及び0.25mm/秒、16fps及び1mm/秒)を使用して、本発明の画像化システムの再現性を確認した。引戻しごとに、全長80mmを記録した。画像化後、静脈内安楽死溶液(390mg/ml)を使用してウサギを安楽死させ、組織学研究のために大動脈を採取した(図3V)。
Claims (20)
- 血管内光音響断層撮影装置であって、前記装置は、
所望の波長で光ビームを放出するよう構成される光源と、
超音波パルスを送受信するよう構成されるパルサ受信機と、
前記超音波パルスを遅延させてトリガするよう構成される遅延生成器と、
前記パルサ受信機、光源、及び遅延生成器を制御するよう構成される処理手段と、
第1の端部及び第2の端部を具備するコネクタと、
前記光源を前記コネクタの前記第1の端部に通信可能に結合するよう構成される結合手段と、
第1の端部及び第2の端部を具備するカテーテルであって、前記カテーテルは、前記コネクタの前記第2の端部に結合され、前記カテーテルは、画像化探触子部分を具備し、前記画像化探触子部分は、ミラー、トランスデューサ、及び光ファイバを具備するカテーテルと、
前記コネクタの前記第1の端部に結合されたステージであって、前記ステージは、少なくとも第1の軸に沿って移動するよう構成されるステージと
を備える、血管内光音響断層撮影装置。 - 前記ステージは、ハイブリッド型ロータリ・ジョイント及び電動部分を備える電動ステージであり、前記電動部分は、前記第1の軸に沿って移動し、前記カテーテルを直線的に引き戻すよう構成され、前記ロータリ・ジョイントは、第2の軸の周りを回転するよう構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記光源はレーザであり、前記レーザは、Nd:YAGの第2高調波によって光励起される光パラメータ式発振器(OPO:optical parametric oscillator)である、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記遅延生成器は、パルサ受信器から送信された、遅延された超音波パルスを供給し、位置合わせされた超音波画像を提供する、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記パルスが5μsだけ遅延される、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は、2nsから20nsの間のパルスを、1kHzから5kHzの間の繰返し率で、約1600nmから1900nmの間の波長で放出する、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は、10nsのパルスを、2kHzの繰返し率で、約1730nmの波長で放出する、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記光源は、マルチモード・ファイバを介して前記画像化カテーテルに結合され、前記マルチモード・ファイバは、光ファイバである、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記ファイバ及びカテーテルは、高速回転で効率的な光結合及び高周波信号伝送を可能にするよう構成された、ハイブリッド型光学式及び電気式ロータリ・ジョイントを使用して結合される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記カテーテルは、外側シースを備える、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 画像化探触子部分は、トルク・コイルをさらに備える、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記外側シースは、ポリウレタンから構成される、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 動脈の内部を画像化する前に、前記外側シースがD2O溶液で満たされる、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記カテーテルは、脂質沈着物を検出するために、動脈壁を有する動脈の内側に挿入されるよう構成される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記光ビームは、前記光ファイバを通って前記光源から前記カテーテルの前記画像化探触子部分に送られ、前記光ビームは、前記光源を使って光音響刺激を与えるために、前記ミラーで、前記動脈壁の内部組織の集光スポットに向けて反射される、請求項14に記載の装置。
- ウルトラソニック信号と光波との間の重なりを最大化し、ウルトラソニック信号の干渉を低減するために、前記ミラーは、10°前方に配置される、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは、前記動脈壁の内部組織で生成されたウルトラソニック信号を取り込むよう構成される、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記ステージは、前記第1の軸に沿って第1の位置から第2の位置に移動し、内部組織の前記集光スポットを再配置するよう構成される、請求項17に記載の装置。
- ディスプレイをさらに備え、前記処理手段は、前記ウルトラソニック信号を使用して、前記動脈壁の前記内部組織の3次元再構成画像を生成するよう構成される、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 脂質沈着物に関して動脈壁を画像化する方法であって、
光源、遅延生成器、パルサ/受信器、デジタイザ、処理手段/コンピュータ、マルチモード・ファイバ、ルアー・スリップ式コネクタ、ハイブリッド型ロータリ・ジョイント及び電動ステージ、並びにカテーテルを備える、IVPA装置を提供するステップと、
動脈壁を有する動脈の内部に、前記カテーテルを挿入するステップと、
脂質特有の励起を行うために、前記マルチモード・ファイバ及びカテーテルを介して、前記光源を前記動脈壁に送るステップと、
前記光源及びマルチモード・ファイバと共に、画像化探触子を介して、光エネルギーで前記動脈壁を光音響的に刺激するステップと、
トランスデューサ・アレイを介して、組織で生成されたウルトラソニック信号を取り込むステップと、
前記カテーテルを、前記動脈を通って所定の距離だけ所定の方向へ引き戻すことにより、前記動脈壁の集光スポットを再配置するステップと、前記動脈壁を刺激してウルトラソニック信号を取り込む前記ステップを繰り返すステップと、
最初の走査で取り込まれた光音響信号及びウルトラソニック信号を組み合わせて、前記組織の画像を生成するステップと
を含む、方法。
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