JP2021523031A - 高い音響透過クラスの石膏ボードを作製するための方法およびその方法によって作製される石膏ボード - Google Patents
高い音響透過クラスの石膏ボードを作製するための方法およびその方法によって作製される石膏ボード Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021523031A JP2021523031A JP2020561036A JP2020561036A JP2021523031A JP 2021523031 A JP2021523031 A JP 2021523031A JP 2020561036 A JP2020561036 A JP 2020561036A JP 2020561036 A JP2020561036 A JP 2020561036A JP 2021523031 A JP2021523031 A JP 2021523031A
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- gypsum
- layer
- cover sheet
- slurry
- sheet material
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Abstract
【選択図】図2
Description
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードであって、石膏ボードが、前面に第1のカバーシート材料、背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、石膏ボードが、0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、石膏ボードと、
石膏ボードの第2のカバーシート材料上の接着剤層であって、当該接着剤が、−10℃〜30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、接着剤層と、
接着剤層が第2のカバーシート材料と中間石膏層との間にあるように接着剤層上に石膏を含む中間石膏層であって、接着剤層および中間石膏層が、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層と、
第3のカバーシート材料であって、中間石膏層が、接着剤層と第3のカバーシート材料との間にあり、かつ中間石膏層が、接着剤層と第3のカバーシート材料と接触している、第3のカバーシート材料と、を含む層状ウォールボードを提供する。
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードの背面に0.02インチ〜0.06インチの厚さを有する接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、当該接着剤が、−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含み、その石膏ボードが、前面に第1のカバーシート材料、背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、その石膏ボードが、0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、接着剤コーティングを適用することと、
硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む中間石膏スラリーを接着剤コーティング上に適用して中間石膏層を形成することであって、その接着剤コーティングおよび石膏スラリーが、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層を形成することと、
中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
石膏スラリーの硫酸カルシウム半水和物を硬化させて、層状のウォールボードを形成することと、を含む方法も提供する。
任意選択で、スキム層スラリーを第1のカバーシート材料に適用することであって、スキム層スラリーは、水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
石膏コアスラリーを、スキム層スラリーが存在しないときには第1のカバーシート材料に、または存在するときはスキム層スラリーに適用することであって、石膏コアスラリーは水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
石膏コアスラリーの周りに第2のカバーシート材料を適用することであって、第2のカバーシート材料の第1の側面が、石膏コアスラリーの方を向いている、適用することと、
第2のカバーシート材料の第1の側面とは反対側にある第2のカバーシート材料の第2の側面上にポリマー接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、ポリマー接着剤は−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、適用することと、
中間石膏スラリーをポリマー接着剤コーティング上に適用することであって、中間石膏スラリーは水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含み、
ポリマー接着剤コーティングおよび第2の石膏スラリーは、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、適用することと、
中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
スキム層スラリー、石膏コアスラリー、および中間石膏スラリーを硬化させて、層状ウォールボードを形成することであって、硬化石膏コアスラリーから生じる石膏コア層が0.25〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、形成することと、を含む、方法も提供する。
cb 4=(Dpω2/Mp) EQ.1
cs 2=(Gc/Mp) EQ.2
式中、cbは、ウォールボードの曲げによって伝播する波の速度であり、csは、ウォールボードのせん断変形によって伝播する波の速度であり、Dpは、ウォールボードの曲げ剛性であり、Eh3/12(1−ν2)で定義され、Eは、ヤング率であり、hは、ウォールボードの厚さであり、νは、ポアソン比であり、ωは、周波数であり、Mpは、ウォールボード/単位面積の質量であり、Gcは、ウォールボードコアのせん断弾性率である。
図2および図3に示すように、本発明で使用される石膏ボードは、2つのカバーシート材料(例えば、紙シート)の間に石膏材料を有する。図2に示すように、石膏材料は、石膏の単層であり得るか、または図3に示すように、石膏の複層であり得る。当技術分野で知られているように、ボードは、他の添加剤に加えて、少なくとも60重量%の半水和物を使用して、作製される。ボードを作製するとき、スラリーの硫酸カルシウムは、ほとんどが半水和物の形態で出発するが、その後、二水和物の形態に変わる。典型的な初期の石膏スラリー配合物は、表1に示すブレンドから作製する。表1では、特定のパラメーターに関する列の任意の値を、同じ列または異なる列の他のパラメーターに関する値と組み合わせてもよい。しかしながら、好ましくは、特定のパラメーターに関する列の任意の値は、同じ列の他のパラメーターに関する値と組み合わせる。
典型的な石膏パネルの製造プロセスでは、石膏ボードは、焼き石膏(硫酸カルシウム半水和物、一般に「スタッコ」と称される)を水に均一に分散させて、水性焼き石膏スラリー(例えば、表1の配合による)を形成することによって製造される。水性焼き石膏スラリーは、典型的には、スタッコおよび水および他の添加剤を、内容物を撹拌するための手段を含有する混合器に挿入することによって均一な石膏スラリーを成形する連続的な様式で生成される。
本明細書で使用される場合、「焼き石膏」という用語は、アルファ硫酸カルシウム半水和物、ベータ硫酸カルシウム半水和物、水溶性硫酸カルシウム無水石膏、またはそれらの任意もしくはすべての混合物を意味することを意図している。「硬化石膏」および「水和石膏」という用語は、無水石膏または半水和物の形態から二水和物の形態に変換された硫酸カルシウム二水和物を意味することを意図している。混合物中の水は、焼き石膏と自然に反応して硬化石膏を形成する。
水は、流動性スラリーを作製する任意の量でスラリーに添加される。使用される水の量は、それが使用される用途、使用される正確な分散剤、スタッコの特性、および使用される添加剤によって大きく変化する。
例えば、水性発泡体、硬化促進剤、硬化遅延剤、再石灰化抑制剤、バインダー、接着剤、二次分散助剤(直鎖ポリカルボキシレート分散剤以外のもの)、レベリングまたは非レベリング剤、増粘剤、殺菌剤、防カビ剤、pH調整剤、着色剤、補強材、難燃剤、撥水剤、充填剤、およびそれらの混合物などの他の従来の添加剤を、本発明の実施時に、所望の特性を与えるために、かつ製造を容易にするために、慣習的な量で使用することができる。
本発明の層状ウォールボードに使用される接着剤層は、バインダーなどのポリマーを含む。接着剤層は、石膏ボードの背面のすべてまたは実質的にすべて、例えば少なくとも90%に配置される(例えば、図2の第2のカバーシート材料220および図3の第2のカバーシート材料320)。接着剤層は、石膏ボードのカバーシート材料に浸透する可能性がある。接着剤層の厚さは、石膏ボードの背面から測定され、カバーシート材料に浸透した接着剤は含まれない。
以下でさらに説明する中間石膏層は、コーティング、典型的には、ロールコーティング、石膏スラリーによって、接着剤層上に適用される。中間石膏層を形成するのに好適な石膏スラリーの例は、表2の配合物である。添加剤および分散剤としては、上記のものが挙げられる。表2では、特定のパラメーターに関する列の任意の値を、同じ列または異なる列の他のパラメーターに関する値と組み合わせてもよい。しかしながら、好ましくは、特定のパラメーターに関する列の任意の値は、同じ列の他のパラメーターに関する値と組み合わせる。
本発明の方法は、本明細書に記載の層状ウォールボードを製造することを含む。本発明の第1の方法は、接着剤層を、次いで石膏層および第3のカバーシート材料を、すでに製造された石膏ボードに適用することを含む。
3つのウォールボードサンプルを通る振動伝達を、測定かつ分析した。試験は、具体的には音ではないが、試験は、ウォールボードサンプルを通る波の伝播を測定し、潜在的な音響減衰品質の指標を提供する。
約60重量%のアクリル−塩化ビニルポリマー、約10重量%の天然樹脂、約10重量%のポリビニルアルコール、および約20重量%のアビエチン酸メチルを含む接着剤を調製した。
性能を試験するために、従来のボードを、R−13 3−1/2”ガラスウール中綿断熱材を有する25ゲージ相当のスチールスタッド24インチオン・センター(on center(o.c.))を含むフレーミングを備えたシステムにおいて、本発明の層状ウォールボードと比較した。試験は、ASTM E−90−09(2016)(建築物の間仕切りおよび要素の空気伝達音響透過損失を実験室測定するための標準的試験方法(Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements))に従って実施した。
(a)音源および受信→本発明のSTCボード(STC−54)、および
(b)音源→本発明のSTCボード受信→5/8”石膏ボード(STC−52)。
以下の節では、本発明のさまざまな態様を提示する。
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードであって、石膏ボードが、前面に第1のカバーシート材料、背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、石膏ボードが、0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、石膏ボードと、
石膏ボードの第2のカバーシート材料上の接着剤層であって、当該接着剤が、−10℃〜30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、接着剤層と、
接着剤層が第2のカバーシート材料と中間石膏層との間にあるように接着剤層上に石膏を含む中間石膏層であって、接着剤層および中間石膏層が、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層と、
第3のカバーシート材料であって、中間石膏層が、接着剤層と第3のカバーシート材料との間にあり、かつ接着剤層と第3のカバーシート材料と接触している、第3のカバーシート材料と、を含む層状ウォールボード。
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードの背面に0.02インチ〜0.06インチの厚さを有する接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、当該接着剤は、−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含み、その石膏ボードは、前面に第1のカバーシート材料、背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、その石膏ボードは0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、接着剤コーティングを適用することと、
硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む中間石膏スラリーを接着剤コーティング上に適用して中間石膏層を形成することであって、その接着剤コーティングおよび石膏スラリーが、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層を形成することと、
中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
石膏スラリーの硫酸カルシウム半水和物を硬化させて、層状のウォールボードを形成することと、を含む方法。
任意選択で、スキム層スラリーを第1のカバーシート材料に適用することであって、スキム層スラリーは、水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
石膏コアスラリーを、スキム層スラリーが存在しないときには第1のカバーシート材料に、または存在するときはスキム層スラリーに適用することであって、石膏コアスラリーは水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
石膏コアスラリーに第2のカバーシート材料を適用することであって、第2のカバーシート材料の第1の側面は、石膏コアスラリーの方を向いている、適用することと、
第2のカバーシート材料の第1の側面とは反対側にある第2のカバーシート材料の第2の側面上にポリマー接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、ポリマー接着剤は−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、適用することと、
中間石膏スラリーをポリマー接着剤コーティング上に適用することであって、中間石膏スラリーは水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含み、
ポリマー接着剤コーティングおよび第2の石膏スラリーは、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、適用することと、
中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
スキム層スラリー、石膏コアスラリー、および中間石膏スラリーを硬化させて、層状ウォールボードを形成することであって、硬化石膏コアスラリーから生じる石膏コア層が0.25〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、形成することと、を含む、方法。
石膏を含む第2のスキム層を、石膏コアスラリーに適用することであって、第1のスキム層および第2のスキム層が、石膏コアスラリーの対向する側面上にある、適用することと、
第2のカバーシート材料を、第2のスキム層に適用することと、を含む、条項25〜36の一項に記載の方法。
Claims (10)
- 層状ウォールボードであって、
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードであって、前記石膏ボードが、前記前面に第1のカバーシート材料、前記背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、前記石膏ボードが、0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、石膏ボードと、
前記石膏ボードの第2のカバーシート材料上の接着剤層であって、前記接着剤が、−10℃〜30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、接着剤層と、
前記接着剤層が、前記第2のカバーシート材料と前記中間石膏層との間にあるように前記接着剤層上に石膏を含む中間石膏層であって、前記接着剤層および前記中間石膏層が、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層と、
第3のカバーシート材料であって、前記中間石膏層が、前記接着剤層と前記第3のカバーシート材料との間にあり、かつ前記接着剤層および前記第3のカバーシート材料と接触している、第3のカバーシート材料と、を含む、層状ウォールボード。 - 前記接着剤層のポリマーが、アクリル、スチレンアクリル、アクリルエステル、ビニルアクリル、塩化ビニルアクリル、スチレンアセテートアクリル、ブチルアクリル、エチルアクリル、エチレンポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、スチレンブタジエン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるラテックスポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の層状ウォールボード。
- 前記接着剤層が、アビエチン酸アルキルならびに植物樹脂およびポリビニルアルコールをさらに含む、請求項1のいずれかに記載の層状ウォールボード。
- 前記石膏コア層および前記中間石膏層が、約70重量%〜約98重量%の硫酸カルシウム二水和物、約0.1重量%〜約28重量%の添加剤、および約0.01重量%〜約2重量%の分散剤を含む、請求項1に記載の層状ウォールボード。
- 方法であって、
対向する前面および背面を有する石膏ボードの背面上に0.02インチ〜0.06インチの厚さを有する接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、前記接着剤が、−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含み、前記石膏ボードが、前記前面に第1のカバーシート材料、前記背面に第2のカバーシート材料、および石膏を含む石膏コア層を含み、前記石膏ボードが、0.25インチ〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、接着剤コーティングを適用することと、
硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む中間石膏スラリーを、前記接着剤コーティング上に適用して、中間石膏層を形成することであって、前記接着剤コーティングおよび前記石膏スラリーが、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、中間石膏層を形成することと、
前記中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
前記石膏スラリーの前記硫酸カルシウム半水和物を硬化させて、層状のウォールボードを形成することと、を含む方法。 - 前記接着剤の前記ポリマーが、アクリル、スチレンアクリル、アクリルエステル、ビニルアクリル、塩化ビニルアクリル、スチレンアセテートアクリル、ブチルアクリル、エチルアクリル、エチレンポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、スチレンブタジエン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるラテックスポリマーを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤が、可塑剤をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 方法であって、
任意選択で、スキム層スラリーを、第1のカバーシート材料に適用することであって、前記スキム層スラリーが、水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
石膏コアスラリーを、前記スキム層スラリーが存在しないときには前記第1のカバーシート材料に、または存在するときは前記スキム層スラリーに適用することであって、前記石膏コアスラリーが、水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含む、適用することと、
前記石膏コアスラリーに第2のカバーシート材料を適用することであって、前記第2のカバーシート材料の第1の側面が、前記石膏コアスラリーの方を向いている、適用することと、
前記第2のカバーシート材料の前記第1の側面とは反対側にある前記第2のカバーシート材料の第2の側面上にポリマー接着剤コーティングを適用することであって、前記ポリマー接着剤が、−10℃〜約30℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリマーを含む、適用することと、
中間石膏スラリーを、前記ポリマー接着剤コーティング上に適用することであって、前記中間石膏スラリーが、水および硫酸カルシウム半水和物を含み、
前記ポリマー接着剤コーティングおよび前記第2の石膏スラリーが、0.09インチ〜0.25インチの合計厚さを有する、適用することと、
前記中間石膏スラリー上に第3のカバーシート材料を適用することと、
前記スキム層スラリー、前記石膏コアスラリー、および前記中間石膏スラリーを硬化させて、層状ウォールボードを形成することであって、前記硬化石膏コアスラリーから生じる石膏コア層が、0.25〜1.5インチの厚さを有する、形成することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記接着剤コーティングの前記ポリマーが、アクリル、スチレンアクリル、アクリルエステル、ビニルアクリル、塩化ビニルアクリル、スチレンアセテートアクリル、ブチルアクリル、エチルアクリル、エチレンポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、スチレンブタジエン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるラテックスポリマーを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤コーティングが、可塑剤をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
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