JP2021515527A - Pyramid wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar panel assemblies and walls using such assemblies are described. In one solar panel assembly, there are mounting posts and three or more triangular panels. Each triangular panel is a solar panel that reacts to the first spectrum of light and is transparent to the second spectrum of light. The solar panel assembly also includes a hinge that connects the triangular panel to the mounting post. The at least three triangular panels can vary between flat and inverted pyramid configurations. In a further embodiment of the solar panel assembly, the triangular panel forms a first solar panel layer, which assembly comprises one or more additional solar panel layers. Each of the additional solar panel layers reacts to the corresponding spectrum of light.

Description

No mention of federally funded research and development Various embodiments generally relate to modular wall systems, methods, and devices, and more specifically, walls that can be used to create walls for pyramidal structures. Regarding the department.

This section is intended to provide background or circumstances. The present specification may include concepts that can be pursued, but not necessarily previously conceived or pursued. Unless otherwise indicated, what is described in this section is not considered prior art within the scope of this specification and claims, nor is it recognized as prior art by inclusion in this section.

The ability to quickly create structures can be very important for effective emergency response. In addition, having a lightweight, space-efficient material allows for rapid deployment in remote areas.

The following outline is merely exemplary and not limiting.

By using the above embodiments, the above problems may be overcome and other advantages may be realized.

In the first aspect, one embodiment implements a solar panel assembly. The solar panel assembly comprises a mounting post and at least three triangular panels. Each triangular panel is a solar panel that reacts to the first spectrum of light and is transparent to the second spectrum of light. The solar panel assembly also includes at least three hinges. For each triangular panel, a corresponding hinge connects the respective triangular panel to the mounting post. The at least three triangular panels can vary between a flat configuration (eg, along a single plane) and an inverted pyramid configuration.
In a further embodiment of the solar panel assembly, the at least three triangular panels form a first solar panel layer, which solar panel assembly comprises one or more additional solar panel layers. Each of the additional solar panel layers reacts to the corresponding spectrum of light.

In another aspect, one embodiment implements a wall portion having a shell that defines a plurality of pyramidal shapes. Each pyramidal shape has at least three triangular sides. The wall comprises at least one solar panel assembly as described above, arranged in a corresponding pyramidal shape. The angles of the sides of at least three triangles with respect to the bottom surface range from 5 ° to 85 °.

In a further aspect, one embodiment implements a solar panel assembly. The solar panel assembly comprises a mounting post and at least three triangular panels. Each triangular panel is a solar panel that reacts to the first spectrum of light and is transparent to the second spectrum of light. The solar panel assembly also includes an energy storage component. The energy storage component and at least three triangular panels define an inverted pyramid configuration, the energy storage component is located in the first portion of the inverted pyramid configuration, and the at least three triangular panels define the inverted pyramid configuration. It is located in the second outward portion of the configuration (eg, the energy storage component is at the tip of a pyramid, and the triangular panel is closest to the bottom).

The embodiments described will be more apparent in the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The pyramid mold core according to one embodiment is shown. The carbon fiber sheet sized according to the above-mentioned pyramid mold core is shown. The carbon fiber sheet after being vacuum formed to fit the pyramid mold core is shown. Shows a male conductive frame. The enlarged view of the cross section of the male conductive frame is shown. The outer shell portion of the male conductive frame is shown. Details of the ball socket of the outer shell portion of the panel rack plug are shown. The first insulating layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The first conductive layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The contact details of the first conductive layer are shown below. The second insulating layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The second conductive layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The bird bone portion of the male conductive frame is shown. An alternative cross section of the male conductive frame is shown. The details of the connector of the male conductive frame are shown. The male frame connector tab for the first conductive layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The male frame connector tab for the second conductive layer of the male conductive frame is shown. The frame positioned by the pyramid mold core is shown. A "keyhole" slot in a carbon fiber sheet is shown. A close-up detail of the above "keyhole" slot is shown. The carbon fiber sheet preparing to wrap around the frame is shown. The outer edge of the carbon fiber sheet is pulled up to expose the "footprint" of the housing. Two vents cut into the carbon fiber sheet are shown. Details of the above vents are shown. Introduce the above clamp base. Introduce four sliding motion slides. The sliding motion slide placed on the clamp base is shown. An in-line clamp in a predetermined position on the clamp base is shown. Introduce the above in-line clamp hardware. Indicates a clamp fixture in place with the handle lowered and opened. The in-line clamp closed with respect to the sliding motion slide with the handle facing up is shown. It shows a clamping action on the carbon fiber sheet into the boss on the male-A-conductive frame. A close-up detail of the area affected by the clamping action is shown. A close-up detail of the area where the carbon fibers cover the top of the male conductive frame and return onto the carbon fiber sheet itself is shown. The carbon fiber sheet which completely covers the carbon fiber sheet itself is shown. A circular notch to the top layer of the carbon fiber sheet is shown. Introduce a locking post. The bottom side of the locking post is shown. Shows all four locking posts in place. Shown is a cover trimmed to expose the post slot. Shows a cover trimmed to expose a boss with a ball socket detent. A set of three oval slots cut into the second layer of carbon fiber sheets is shown. Details of the outer shape of the oval slot above the "keyhole" slot are shown. Shows a complete male side wall and boss. The male side wall placed so as to show the groove is shown. The back (upper) surface of the male side wall is shown. A cut-out view of a solar panel prepared to be inserted into a male side wall is shown. A cut view is shown along the long diagonal edge. The solar panel at a predetermined position in the male side wall is shown. The cropped details of the two solar panel posts in the male side wall are shown. Indicates a solar panel post locked in place within a "keyway" slot. Details of the solar panel locked in place are shown. The modules of the four solar panels in relative positions are shown. Shown is a solar panel module locked in place within a male sidewall. Indicates a connection rack. The cutting diagram of the said connection rack is shown. The extracted circuit of the connection rack is shown. Shown is a connecting rack oriented in the proper direction for joining to the male side wall. Indicates a connecting rack that is locked in place on a male side wall. Shows the cutaway detail of the detent socket on the connecting rack. A cut-out view of a conductive lead on a solar panel post locked in a detent socket is shown in detail. The disconnection diagram of the connection rack is shown. The details of the cross section of the ball socket snap fit are shown. The figure of the ball joint locked to the ball snap fit is shown. Install the remaining connection racks. Shows all connecting racks locked in place. Shows the second module of a solar panel that is ready to be separated and locked in place. The second module of the said solar panel locked in place is shown. The completed assembly of the male solar panel section is shown from the solar panel side. An enlarged view of the solar panel is shown. The highlighted details of the casing of the panel are shown. The female-B-wall is shown from the connecting rack side. Details of the combined female connector end are shown. Details of the connector end of the female first conductive layer are shown. Details of the female second insulating layer are shown. Details of the female second conductive layer at the end of the connector are shown. Details of the separated connector end of the female first conductive layer are shown. Details of the separated female second insulating layer are shown. Details of the separated connector end of the female second conductive layer are shown. The male-A-wall and the female-B-wall in relative positions are shown. Details of the above-A-male connector end and -B-female connector end are shown. An enlarged view of the O-ring groove is shown. The cross section of the O-ring groove and the corner portion where the O-ring is exposed is shown. Shown are male-A-walls and female-B-walls locked in place within a modular array. An alternative diagram of a male-A-wall and a female-B-wall locked in place in the modular array is shown. The details of the cut-out portion of the joint portion of the -A- portion and the -B- portion forming the post slot are shown. The details of the cut-out portion of the joint portion of the -A- portion and the -B- portion disassembled in the lateral direction are shown. A biaxial side view of the joint between -A- and -B- disassembled in the lateral direction is shown together with the locking post from the backing wall. An alternative diagram of the laterally disassembled joints of -A- and -B- and the locking post is shown. The joint between -A- and -B- joined to each other is shown. The locking post fixed in the post slot is shown. A rotated view of a locking post fixed in the post slot is shown. The modular array is shown from the solar panel side. The figure of the modular array and the backing wall part is shown. FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a modular array with a capacitor wall in place. The main body of the magnetic fixing post is shown. An exploded view of the magnetic fixed post is shown. The magnetic fixing post having the said locking magnet is shown. A magnetic fixing post is shown with a diagram of a rectangular through hole. The figure which shows the magnetic fixing post which is ready for assembly is shown. Indicates a magnet insertion tool. The magnetic fixing post slid into a predetermined position on the magnet insertion tool is shown. Another figure of the magnetic fixing post on the magnet insertion tool is shown. A cropped view of the cross section of the joint between −A− and −B− and the above-mentioned insertion tool on which the magnetic fixing post is mounted are shown. Shows a small steel holding disc and a steel recess in the post slot. The small steel holding disk bonded in the steel recess is shown. Indicates a magnetically fixed post that is locked in place. Sample structure Shows a modular array locked by backing. The capacitor wall is shown. The cathode contact side of the capacitor cell is shown. The anode contact side of the capacitor cell is shown. Shows a rotated capacitor cell. An insulating cover cut to show the honeycomb anode, LED, and cathode LED channels is shown. It is a cut-out enlarged view of the cut insulation cover. An exploded view of the capacitor cell is shown. The detailed area of the cut-out portion between the cross section of the insulating cover and the honeycomb anode is shown. An insulating cover with an anode conductive post visible through a capacitor cover hole is shown. The insulating cover separated from the honeycomb anode is shown. The back surface of the insulating cover joined to the honeycomb anode is shown. It is sectional drawing of LED and the said cathode LED channel. It is sectional drawing of the tapered cover boss on the insulating cover. Details of the cutout portion between one coated boss and the cathode LED channel. The honeycomb anode separated from the insulating cover is shown. The LED in the exploded view of FIG. 105F is shown. The indicator LED is shown. The condenser cell casing and the honeycomb cathode are shown. The separated capacitor cell casing and honeycomb cathode are shown. The details of the cut-out part of the cathode conductive post are shown. Shows a partially assembled capacitor cell. The details of the cut-out part of the above capacitor cell are shown. Another figure of the above capacitor cell is shown. Details of the cutout portion at the top of the capacitor cell are shown. Another figure at the top of the capacitor cell is shown. An exploded view of the above capacitor cell is shown. Shows a condenser rack removed from a complete (male) condenser wall. Capacitor Condenser rack is shown. The above capacitor rack circuit is shown. The circuit contact to the cathode is shown. The hatch at the tip of the cathode connection post is shown. Details of the cathode connection post and the capacitor rack are shown. An example of a solar panel wall in a pyramid wall frame is shown. The back of the pyramid wall frame is shown. The U-shaped base of the pyramid wall frame is shown. The pyramid frame corners added to the above frame are shown. The upper 1/2 female mold part inserted in the lower part of the frame is shown. Shown shows a frame having one male side-A-wall and two female side-B-walls. The frame is shown with two 1/2 female molds. The above frame having the rest is shown. The above frame having a capacitor wall is shown. The frame provided with the frame cover is shown. The above frame provided with a capacitor shield is shown. The above capacitor shield is shown. The above frame having a plurality of capacitor shields is shown. Another figure of the above pyramid wall frame is shown. The lower part of the pyramid wall frame having the frame cover is shown. An assembly having the above solar panel wall is shown. Pyramid frame The above frame having a corner portion is shown. The above pyramid wall frame having an upper cover is shown. Shows a moderately angled pyramid with a diamond-shaped or diamond-shaped base. Shows a shallow-angled pyramid with a diamond-shaped base. Shows a steeply angled pyramid with a diamond-shaped base. Shows the shape of an inverted pyramid on the side surface of non-uniform length. Shows the airflow on the underside of the panel and the internal reflectivity of the panel. An exploded view of the cross-panel assembly is shown. A flat cross-panel assembly that introduces a second set of panels is shown. An exploded view of the cross panel mounting post is shown. The cross section of the cross panel mounting post is shown. The transparent honeycomb panel and the upper surface of the hinge are shown. An enlarged view of the cross-sectional view of the hinge is shown. A cross-sectional view of the cross-panel assembly in a flat position is shown. A cross-sectional view of the folded cross-panel assembly is shown. Separate the hinge in a flat position and the first wiring layer in the cross-panel mounting post. Separate the second wiring layer in the cross panel mounting post. The hinge at the folded position and the exposed lead of the wiring are shown. The partially folded assembly is shown highlighting the electroluminescence coating behind the first layer of panels. The plan view of the transparent honeycomb panel is shown. The details of the cut-out portion of the connecting end of the honeycomb panel are shown. Further details of the honeycomb panel connections are shown along with a cross-sectional view of the conductive contacts. A fully assembled and folded cross panel is shown highlighting the electron emitting side of one panel. A screw conveyor for handling plastic pellets for 3D printing is shown. The robot 3D printing system is shown. The details of the exploded view of the robot arm and the extruder are shown. The setup for vacuum forming a thermoplastic sheet is shown. Cut the tube and mold in the vacuum forming process. Details of a cross section of a tube, a mold, and a mold vent in the above vacuum forming setup are shown. Introduce a thermoplastic sheet into the vacuum forming setup. The vacuum / thermoformed sheet removed from the mold is shown. An exploded view of the thermoformed pyramid wall assembly is shown. The back of the thermoformed pyramid wall assembly is shown. The front side of the thermoformed pyramid wall assembly is shown. The setup for injection molding the pyramid wall is shown. The pyramid wall portion taken out from the above mold is shown. The back surface of the injection-molded pyramid wall is shown. Two back-to-back pyramid wall panels are shown. The details of the connection feature between the above panels are shown. The separated part of the sandwich-like wall with the foam inserted between them is shown. A single, diamond-shaped pyramidal wall is shown above the wall socket, mounting screws, and positioning template. An exploded view of an exploded view of the cut wall socket assembly is shown. An enlarged view of a cut wall socket assembly aligned with a pyramidal wall is shown. Add a disconnected positioning template. The disconnection is released from the above enlarged view. A cut-out exploded view of the complete pyramid wall, wall socket, and positioning template is shown. The above-mentioned pyramid wall portion is removed, and an enlarged view is shown. An exploded view of a "flower" panel and a cross panel with posts for stacking "petals" in a cell is shown. A second layer of panel is introduced into the assembly. An exploded view of the above flower post is shown. The cross-sectional view of the said flower post is shown. Details of the flower post cap, its snap fit, and a cross-sectional view of the snap fit socket in the post are shown. The series connection to the first level internal wiring and other level panels in the flower post when connecting to the hinge is shown. The internal wiring in the flower post (with the main body of the post removed) is shown. A panel connected to the wiring is shown, with the body and panel of the post in the foreground removed for clarity. A completed and stacked "flower" assembly is shown with the cross panel in a flat position. The above cross panel is shown which is folded into a pyramid shape to create a completed flower panel cell. An alternating alternative stacking setup with horizontal panels and post connections is shown. A cross-sectional view of the completed stack of horizontal panels, along with the cross panel in a flat position, is shown. The cross-sectional view of the stacked panels is released. An alternative cross-sectional view of the stacked horizontal panels and the cross-panels folded into a pyramid shape is shown. Shows a fully assembled and folded horizontal flower panel cell. A cross-sectional view of a concave transparent cover covering a panel portion including a horizontal flower panel assembly is shown. An example of modification of the transparent cover shape including a flat shape, a spherical concave shape, an elliptical concave shape, and a teardrop concave shape is shown. A modified example of the transparent cover shape including a spherical concave shape having a lens, a spherical convex shape, an elliptical convex shape, and a teardrop convex shape is shown. One panel and hinges have been removed for display, showing an alternative horizontal petal cell without a central post, with a spherical concave transparent cover on top. An exploded view of the locking hub assembly for the panel cell is shown. The cross-sectional view of the locking hub is shown. The wiring in the locking hub and the connection portion to the hinge are shown. Shows a fully assembled horizontal flower panel assembly with a concave transparent cover. An exploded view of the super capacitor cell is shown. The positive lead and the negative lead in the above cell are shown. A connection rack connected to the lead and a disconnected cell casing are shown. The introduction of a positive honeycomb layer is shown. Shows all positive layers. Side views of all positive and negative layers and perspective views of their top and bottom are shown. The completed supercapacitor module is shown upside down. An exploded view of a hybrid capacitor and a postless flower panel cell is shown. A cross-sectional view of a supercapacitor module having a modified example of a flower panel cell is shown at the top. The same capacitor module as above with a cut cover and a concave recess over one cell is shown. A fully assembled tractor trailer with the pyramid wall system described above is shown. An exploded view of the trailer frame, upper and side pyramidal walls, and details of the front and rear surfaces of the wall are shown. An exploded view of the front and rear transparent recessed wall covers with the added cab is shown. An exploded view of the cover with transparent indentations on the top and sides is shown. An exploded view of the cover with a transparent recess on the upper surface is shown. A cross-sectional view of the trailer is shown. Shows the front end of a severed tractor trailer. Shows the front end of a complete tractor trailer with a pyramidal wall system. The exploded view of the soundproof wall part in "H frame" is shown. Shows the assembled soundproof wall. A soundproof wall is shown with a fracture view that exposes the interior filled with foam or pellets. Shows a long extended soundproof barrier. Shows a pyramid structure. An exploded view of the triangular side wall of the pyramid structure is shown. Details of a triangular side wall arranged to engage the base slot are shown. The side walls of the completed triangle, ready to be inserted into and on the base slot, are shown from different angles. Two figures are shown of a completed triangular side wall that is ready to engage and connect to the base slot. A single triangular side wall inserted into the completed base is shown with a frame member in place. The completed pyramid structure with the cap to be inserted is shown. A building with a pyramid-walled side surface and a pyramid structure base on the roof is shown. Shows a partially assembled pyramidal wall structure on the roof. A building having a pyramid wall portion on the side surface and a pyramid wall structure on the roof is shown. Shown is a self-contained pyramid structure on a biaxial tracking system. An alternative building setup with sides and roof covered with a single-layer pyramidal wall system is shown. The details of the cutout part of the wind skirt surrounding the pyramid wall part are shown.

This patent application is a US non-provisional patent application filed on April 11, 2017, claiming priority from US provisional patent application No. 62 / 321,287 filed on April 12, 2016. Partial continuation applications claiming priority from 15 / 484,762, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The non-limiting embodiment shown in the figure describes a series of manufacturing and assembling steps involved in making a diamond-shaped wall. The various elements of this embodiment can be explained with specific measurements. In other embodiments, the dimensions of the elements may be adjusted accordingly, for example, to produce smaller or larger diamond-shaped walls. In a further embodiment, the series of manufacturing and assembling steps can be rearranged and various steps can be combined and / or omitted.

The pyramidal shape has many advantages, including increased strength and surface area. One main idea behind the pyramidal wall system consists of three contents:
1) Construction of a lightweight and inexpensive modular system that is self-sustaining in terms of electric power.

2) Improving the energy storage capacity of the system and the efficiency of the solar panels of the system. The pyramidal configuration of the solar panel increases the surface area of the solar panel exposed to solar energy by 38%.

3) The exposed inner / outer pyramid pattern reduces wind resistance on the side walls of the tractor trailer, similar to the idea of a depression on a golf ball used to extend flight. Reduced resistance alone can save at least 11% annual fuel costs per vehicle.

The pyramid wall system is not limited to many different geometries, including, but is not limited to, a tetrahedron (a pyramid with three sides and a bottom), a rectangular parallelepiped (a four sides and a bottom), a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like. It can be applied to a structural framework that forms a cuboid (polyhedron). The walls may be further partitioned to form a boundary edge of the frame that supports each surface of the structure.

The pyramid mold core 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a basic mold used for manufacturing a carbon fiber housing. The prismatic die core 100 can be 3D printed with a thermoplastic material using a process called Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). In this process, the plastic filament is fed to the extruder, which melts it and feeds it through a nozzle. The filament may have composite fibers further added for reinforcement and dimensional stability. The data from the 3D model is translated into a code that determines the path of the extruder head, the velocity of the path, the flow velocity of the material, and the temperature. The extruder head is mounted on a dual gantry mechanism to allow the servomotor to place the extruder head on a level build plate at various points along the X, Y, Z axes. There may be two or more extruder heads, each controlled independently.

The pyramid mold core 100 may be partially hollow with a grid-like interior, or may be solid-filled and / or electroplated for rigidity. The "footprint" 110 of the housing has a diamond shape with a diagonal of 29 inches x a little less than 18 inches and a thickness of 2 inches. It supports four sets of pyramidal bosses 120 that are less than 5 inches high from each bottom to the apex. The entire mold core 100 can be a single component.

FIG. 2 shows a carbon fiber sheet 200 used for manufacturing a housing. Carbon fiber or its equivalent has several advantages over conventional materials and construction methods. Carbon fiber or its equivalent is lighter, stronger and more durable than wood or metal and can be formed into shapes not possible with these materials. The thickness of the carbon fiber or its equivalent can be from 1 mm to 1.75 mm. The carbon fiber sheet 200 can be cut into a pattern based on where the seams are located and / or where the openings are provided when placed. In FIG. 3, the carbon fiber sheet 200 is vacuum formed so as to have the shape of a pyramid mold core 100.

FIG. 4 shows a male conductive frame 400. The frame 400 creates a wireless unit and is embedded in a composite housing to reduce the possibility of long-term damage. This frame 400, called the male-A-conductive frame, follows the outer shape of the pyramidal wall. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 17, the frame 400 is 3D printed with a material composed of two parts. The first material is an outer shell (500), as well as an insulating thermoplastic that forms a first insulating layer (alternately appearing between conductive layers) and a second insulating layer. The second material can be, as a non-limiting example, a conductive material such as a graphene-injected thermoplastic. The second material forms a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, as well as a "birdbone" core 1300, which is a hollow, lightweight internal structure that allows airflow.

The birdbone core 1300 is a structural component that increases strength with a small amount of weight. The birdbone core 1300 also provides an airflow (eg, an inert gas flow) that provides a positive ion current as the low pressure gas flows through the grid, which increases the current flow. As will be described later, the birdbone core 1300 also provides a conductive path for the portion having the solar panel 1800.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the outer shell 500 has post slots 510 along the top surface so that the locking post 1660 can be connected to the diamond-shaped portion. This design can be used when the space between the back-to-back walls is limited.

In another non-limiting embodiment, the post / slot combination can be part of the outer shell 500 if space is less limited. The post slot 510 is replaced with a raised cylindrical post with a blind channel cut into the side surface. The outer shape of the channel has a "T" cross section with a rounded inner surface (see FIGS. 14, 40, 83, 87, 88 and 97 for the original post slot 510). The locking post 1660 can be replaced with a shouldered cylindrical boss to create a "T" shaped post that fits within these channels. (See FIGS. 36-39, 85, 87 and 88 for the original locking post 1660).

In this non-limiting embodiment, the frame 400 is greatly simplified by removing slot features that cut through various layers of conductors and insulators (see FIG. 14). A "V" shaped boss 520 and groove 530 along the sides aid in alignment and fixation. The four sets of ball socket bosses 540 connect the panel rack plugs to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. At each corner along the long diagonal, there is an open rectangular slot 550 between the connector tab 560 for the first conductive layer 900 and the connector tab 570 for the second conductive layer 1200. Next, the frame 400 is placed on the raw material carbon fiber material 200.

FIG. 5 highlights the cross section 500 of the frame 400. 06 to 13 take out the various components and features of this cross section.

FIG. 6 shows an outer shell portion 600 having a half of the “V” -shaped outer shape of this cross section. Here, the ball socket boss 540 and the ball socket snap fit 700 are shown. They can be made of insulating thermoplastics.

FIG. 7 shows details of one of the ball socket snap fit 700 used to secure the ball joint 2150 of the panel rack plug (see FIG. 61). The ball socket snap fit 700 has a spherical cavity with three relief slots to help fit the ball shaped plug and then engage the ball shaped plug when in place.

FIG. 8 shows the first insulating layer 800, which is the same material as the outer shell. The first insulating layer 800 follows the outer shape of the first conductive layer and is therefore distinguishable from the outer shell (see FIG. 9). In this non-limiting embodiment, the thickness of the material is about 1/32 inch.

FIG. 09 shows a first conductive layer 900 that can be printed with a graphene-injected / embedded thermoplastic (or equivalent). The layer 900 conducts negative charges and terminates with a conical receptacle 1000, and in this non-limiting embodiment, the layer 900 can be as thick as 1/32 inch.

FIG. 10 shows details of the conical receptacle 1000 for the plug tip. This is for the first conductive layer 900 when the ball joint 2150 (see FIG. 61) is in place within the ball socket snap fit 700 inside the ball socket boss 540 of the ball socket snap fit 700. It is an electrical contact.

The second insulating layer 1100 shown in FIG. 11 is made of the same material as the outer shell 600 and the first insulating layer 800. The second insulating layer 1100 is sandwiched between the first conductive layer 900 and the second conductive layer 1200, and in this non-limiting embodiment, the thickness of the second insulating layer 1100 is determined. It is about 1/32 inch.

FIG. 12 shows the second conductive layer 1200. The layer 1200 is made of the same material as the first conductive layer 900 except that it conducts a positive charge, and is terminated by a conical receptacle 1210. The layer 1200 can be considered as the shell of the "birdbone" core 1300 (shown in FIG. 13), but is distinguished by following the outer shape of the second insulating layer 1100. In this non-limiting embodiment, the thickness of the second conductive layer 1200 is about 1/32 inch.

The birdbone portion 1300 of FIG. 13 is also made of the same material as the first conductive layer 900 and the second conductive layer 1200, and carries a positive charge. The shape of the core 1300 may be hollow and organic, such as birdbones, in order to be lightweight and to provide some structural reinforcement while allowing airflow.

FIG. 14 shows another cross section of the layer of the frame in end view. Starting from the center 1400, the "birdbone" 1300 is positively charged. Surrounding the center 1400 is a second conductive layer 1200 (positively charged), then a second insulating layer 1100, then a first conductive layer 900 (negatively charged). Next is the first insulating layer 800, and finally the outer shell 600. Post slot 510 is shown at the top of the image. (Note that in this example, the second insulating layer 1100 is not continuous, for example due to the limited space.)
FIG. 15 shows a cut-out view of a male-A-conductive frame 400 having open rectangular slots 550 at the corners. These slots are openings in the conductive "birdbone" core 1300 to allow the flow of low pressure gas between the panels when the panels are connected to each other. FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of the connector tab 560 for the first conductive layer 900. The outer boundary between this layer and these tabs is the first insulating layer 800. FIG. 17 shows an exploded view of the connector tab 570 for the second conductive layer 1200. The outer boundary between this layer and these tabs is the second insulating layer 1100.

FIG. 18 shows a male-A-conductive frame 400 in place on a vacuum-formed carbon fiber sheet 200. FIG. 19 shows a set of three sets of "keyhole" slots 1500 cut into a first layer of vacuum formed carbon fiber sheet 200. FIG. 20 shows the details of the outer shape of the “keyhole” slot 1500. The narrow portion of each slot 1500 holds the shoulder of the post 1810 on the back of the solar panel 1800 when it is in place. There are four sets of slots 1500 for each pyramid-shaped boss, and a total of four pyramid-shaped bosses for each carbon fiber housing. FIG. 21 shows the outer edge of the carbon fiber sheet 200 preparing to wrap around the frame 400 and above the frame 400 itself. FIG. 22 shows a state in which the outer edge of the carbon fiber sheet 200 is pulled up to expose the “footprint” 110 of the housing to allow clearance for the clamp fixture 1600.

FIG. 23 shows two vents 1700 cut into the carbon fiber sheet 200 at the corners of the long diagonal (the opposite corners are hidden in this figure). These notches are for allowing clearance for the open rectangular slot 550, connector tab 560 and connector tab 570. FIG. 24 shows the details of the vent 1700.

FIG. 25 introduces a clamp base 1610, FIG. 26 introduces four sliding motion slides 1620, and FIG. 27 shows a sliding motion slide 1620 placed on the clamp base 1610.

FIG. 28 shows an in-line clamp 1630 in place on the clamp base 1610. FIG. 29 introduces in-line clamp hardware 1640. One of the four clamps has the hardware already in place. FIG. 30 shows a clamp fixture 1600 in place with the handle lowered and opened.

FIG. 31 shows the inline clamp 1630 closed with respect to the sliding motion slide 1620 with the handle facing up. FIG. 32 shows the details of the clamping action on the carbon fiber sheet 200 into the V-shaped boss 520 on the male-A-conductive frame 400.

FIG. 33 shows a close-up detail of the area affected by the clamping action, including the carbon fiber sheet 200 and the V-shaped boss 520. FIG. 34 shows a close-up detail of the area where the carbon fiber sheet 200 covers the top of the male conductive frame 400 and the carbon fiber sheet 200 returns on itself in the second layer.

FIG. 35 shows a state in which the carbon fiber sheet 200 completely covers the carbon fiber sheet 200 itself to complete the second layer. FIG. 36 shows a circular notch 1650 to the top layer of the carbon fiber sheet 200, which is not a notch to the first layer. This is for creating a recess for adhering the locking post 1660 inside.

FIG. 37 introduces a locking post 1660. FIG. 38 shows the bottom side of the locking post 1660. The exposed surfaces of these four surfaces 1670 and / or the circular notch 1650 are coated with an adhesive to bond the posts 1660. FIG. 39 shows all four locking posts 1660 in place.

FIG. 40 shows a state in which the cover is trimmed to expose the post slot 510, and FIG. 41 shows a state in which the cover is trimmed to expose the ball socket boss 540 having the ball socket snap fit 700. Is shown.

FIG. 42 shows a set of three sets of elliptical slots 1820 cut into the second layer of vacuum formed carbon fiber sheet 200. FIG. 43 shows details of the outer shape of the elliptical slot 1820 above the "keyhole" slot 1500. These slots 1820 are aligned with respect to the "keyhole" slot 1500 on the first layer and, when placed in place, serve as a stopper to the head of the post 1810 on the back of the solar panel 1800. Each pyramidal boss 120 has four sets of slots 1820 and 1500, and each carbon fiber housing has a total of four pyramid bosses 120.

FIG. 44 shows a complete male side wall 1900 (minus solar panel) and a V-shaped boss 520. FIG. 45 shows a male side wall 1900 (minus solar panel) placed in a direction indicating a V-shaped groove 530.

FIG. 46 shows the upper side (inside) of the male side wall 1900 (minus solar panel) before the insertion of the solar panel 1800.

FIG. 47 shows a surface adjacent to a single solar panel 1800 prepared to be inserted into the male side wall 1900 with a cut-out view of the surface on which the single solar panel 1800 slides. FIG. 48 shows a cut view of FIG. 47, but is shown along a long, diagonal edge (perpendicular to the plane that bisects the short diagonal edge). FIG. 49 shows the single solar panel 1800 in place within a male side wall 1900 having the same cut view as FIG. 48.

FIG. 50 shows the details of the cutouts of the cut views of the two solar panel posts 1810. In FIG. 50, one solar post 1810 is inserted into a wide portion of the "keyway" slot 1500, the shoulder of which is placed at one end of the elliptical slot 1820. FIG. 51 shows a state in which the solar panel post 1810 is locked in place by its shoulder over a narrow portion of the "keyway" slot 1500 and pressed against the opposite end of the elliptical slot 1820. FIG. 52 shows details of both posts 1810 and a reinforcing tab 1830 on the back surface of the solar panel 1800 locked in place.

FIG. 53 shows the modules 2000 of the four solar panels 1800 in relative positions, and FIG. 54 shows the solar panel modules 2000 locked in place within the male side wall 1900.

FIG. 55 shows a connecting rack 2100 used to join the solar panel modules 2000 and connect the solar panel modules 2000 to the first conductive layer 900 and the second conductive layer 1200. These racks 2100 are useful because they eliminate exposed wires and can be easily replaced if damaged. Since these racks 2100 are arranged in parallel, the individual racks 2100 can be replaced without interrupting the current flow.

FIG. 56A shows a cut-out view of the connection rack 2100. FIG. 56A shows the connection rack main body 2110 of the connection rack 2100, the solar rack positive circuit 2120, the solar rack negative circuit 2130, the positive lead 2160, and the negative lead 2170. FIG. 56B shows two diagrams of the extracted circuit for the purpose of clarification. These extracted circuits are the solar rack positive circuit 2120 and positive lead 2160 in the left figure and the solar rack negative circuit 2130 and negative lead 2170 in the right figure.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the connecting rack 2100 will consist of metal conductive circuits 2120, 2130 overmolded with thermoplastics. In another non-limiting example, the components may be 3D printed on a dual extruder head. In this process, the body 2110 is printed using an insulating thermoplastic, while the second material is optionally using a graphene-injected thermoplastic similar to the male conductive frame 400. , Will make the conductive circuits 2120, 2130. In yet another non-limiting embodiment, the body 2110 is 3D printed or molded into multiple portions and locked to conductive wires.

FIG. 57 shows a connecting rack 2100 oriented in the appropriate direction for joining to the male side wall 1900. FIG. 58 shows the connecting rack 2100 locked in place on the male side wall 1900. FIG. 59 shows the details of a cut view of one of the eight detent sockets 2190 on the connecting rack 2100. The detent socket 2190 is used to hold the spherical tip of the conductive lead on the solar panel post 1810. In this image, the solar panel 1800 and its post 1810 are hidden to show the cavity of the detent socket 2190.

FIG. 60 shows the details of the cut diagram (similar to FIG. 59). Here, the spherical tip of the conductive lead on the solar panel post 1810 is exposed when locked in the detent socket 2130.

FIG. 61 shows a cut-out view of the connection rack 2100. At the bottom are details of the ball joint 2150 that goes into the ball socket snap fit 700 (see FIG. 7). These snap-fit 700s accommodate the exposed positive leads 2160 of the solar rack positive circuit 2120 and the exposed negative leads 2170 of the solar rack negative circuit 2130.

FIG. 62 shows the cross section of the ball socket snap fit 700 (with the connection rack 2100 hidden) and the details of the exposed solar panel post 1810.

FIG. 63 shows (similar to FIG. 60) the ball joint 2150 locked to the ball snap fit 700 and the disconnection of the connecting rack 2100 exposing the solar panel post 1810 in place. The figure is shown.

FIG. 64 introduces the three remaining connecting racks 2100 to complete the back of the solar panel section. FIG. 65 shows a state in which all four connecting racks 2100 are locked in place.

FIG. 66 shows a second module of four solar panels 2000 that are separated and ready to be locked in place. FIG. 67 shows a second module of four solar panels 2000 locked in place. FIG. 68 shows the completed assembly of the male solar panel section 2300 from the exposed solar panel side.

FIG. 69 shows a detailed region (shown in FIG. 70) of the solar panel 1800 and the transparent casing 1840. The casing is composed of corrugated pattern refraction stages on the outer surface of panel 1800. In one non-limiting embodiment, cells on a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel 1800 are 3D printed with multiple extruder heads, each assigned a different material. The first extruder prints an insulating backing material. The second extruder uses conductive ink to print the conductive path for the lower positive cell layer. The third extruder prints a positively "doped" semiconductor layer and the fourth extruder prints a negatively doped semiconductor layer. The second extruder can be reintroduced and prints a conductive path for the negative top layer.

In one non-limiting embodiment, at various levels of structural form, printing is stopped and restarted to insert the component, then encapsulating the integrated circuit or component to be incorporated into the IC. This IC can be a junction box consisting of bypass diodes and blocking diodes arranged in parallel to prevent backflow of current and allow electricity to continue if individual cells are damaged. Good. In another non-limiting embodiment, the entire IC subassembly can be 3D printed at once using multiple extruder heads, each with a separate material, just as cells are printed.

FIG. 70 shows details highlighting the transparent refraction stage 1840 of the corrugated pattern on the casing of the panel, as referred to in FIG. 69. These steps increase the surface area exposed to sunlight. In one non-limiting embodiment, the casing is manufactured as an injection molded part using an optical quality polymer and then polished. The edges are then glued to the top layer of the cell to complete the solar panel 1800. In another non-limiting embodiment, the casing is 3D printed using a different process such as stereolithography (SLA) and then polished to refine the refraction stage 1840.

FIG. 71 shows the female mold-B-wall portion 2400 from the connecting rack side. FIG. 72 shows details of the combined female connector end 2410. FIG. 73 shows the details of the connector end of the female first conductive layer 2430. (The female first insulating layer is hidden.)
FIG. 74 shows the details of the female second insulating layer 2440 and its reinforcing connection sheath 2450 on the right side. FIG. 75 shows the details of the female second conductive layer 2460 at the end of the connector.

FIG. 76 shows details of the separated connector ends of the female first conductive layer 2430. FIG. 77 shows the details of the separated female second insulating layer 2440 and its reinforced connection sheath 2450 on the right side. FIG. 78 shows details of the separated connector ends of the female second conductive layer 2460.

FIG. 79 shows the male type-A-wall part 2300 and the female type-B-wall part 2400 in relative positions from the connector side.

FIG. 80A shows -A-male connector ends (combined 550, 560 and 570), -B-female connector ends 2410, cutout vents 1700 at fitting corners, V-shaped bosses 520, V-shaped. Details of the groove 530 and the O-ring groove 580 are shown. FIG. 80B shows an enlarged view of the O-ring groove 580. It is used to seal the walls together and keep moisture out of either side. The groove surface may be coated with an adhesive to enhance the seal. FIG. 80C shows a cross section of a corner portion that exposes the O-ring groove 580 and the O-ring 590.

FIG. 81 shows a male 2300-A-wall and a female 2400-B-wall locked in place within the modular array 2500 as viewed from the connector side. FIG. 82 is an alternative view of the male-A- and female-B-walls 2300, 2400 locked in place within the modular array 2500 as viewed from the connector side (here perpendicular to the bottom surface). Shown.

FIG. 83 shows the details of the cutout portion of the joint portion 2510 of the −A− portion and the −B− portion forming the post slot 510. FIG. 84 shows the details of the cutout portion of the joint portion 2510 of the −A− portion and the −B− portion disassembled in the lateral direction.

FIG. 85 shows a cut of the laterally disassembled −A— and −B− junction 2510, along with a locking post 1660 from the backing wall oriented in the appropriate direction for joining to the modular array 2500. A cutaway dimetric view is shown. FIG. 86 shows an alternative view of the assembly in FIG. 85, perpendicular to the plane that bisects the short diagonal edges. FIG. 87 shows a joint portion 2510 between −A— and −B— joined to each other. The locking post 1660 is inserted into the post slot 510 and oriented in a suitable direction for joining the backing wall to the modular array 2500. FIG. 88 shows the locking post 1660 fixed in the post slot 510 from a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the plane that bisects the short diagonal edge, and FIG. 89 is a cross-sectional view rotated 90 ° from the orientation of FIG. 88. Shown.

FIG. 90 shows the modular array 2500 from the solar panel side.

FIG. 91 shows a side view of the modular array 2500 and the backing wall. In this non-limiting embodiment, the backing wall is a capacitor wall portion 2900. FIG. 92 shows a side sectional view of the modular array 2500 along the long diagonal, along with the capacitor wall portion 2900 in place.

Magnetic fixed posts 3000 are used to prevent back-to-back walls (such as modular array 2500 and capacitor wall 2900) from sliding apart. The body 3010 of these posts 3000 has a rare earth NdFeB locking magnet 3020 made of a thermoplastic material and adhered therein.

FIG. 93A shows the main body 3010 of the magnetic fixed post 3000. FIG. 93B shows an exploded view of the magnetic fixed post 3000. The main body 3010 of the magnetic fixing post 3000 is at the upper part, and the rare earth NdFeB locking magnet 3020 is at the lower part. FIG. 93C shows a magnetic fixing post 3000 assembled so that the rare earth NdFeB locking magnet 3020 is adhered to the inside and the S pole 3030 of the rare earth NdFeB locking magnet 3020 faces outward. FIG. 93D shows the magnetic fixation post 3000 with a clear view of its rectangular through hole 3050.

FIG. 94 shows a diagram similar to FIG. 92 in which the magnetic fixed post 3000 ready for assembly is visible.

FIG. 95A shows a magnet insertion tool 3040. The tool body has a rectangular outer shape to prevent the magnetic fixing post 3000 from wobbling and slides into the rectangular through hole 3050 of the post body 3010. The tool 3040 also has a shoulder stopper 3060 towards one end to prevent it from slipping backwards when the post 3000 is inserted. FIG. 95B shows a magnetic fixing post 3000 that is slid into place with respect to the shoulder stopper 3060 on the magnet insertion tool 3040. Then, FIG. 95C shows the lower surface of the magnetic fixing post 3000 on the magnet insertion tool 3040 that exposes the S pole 3030 of the locking magnet 3020 of the magnetic fixing post 3000.

FIG. 96 shows a cut-out view of a cross section of the joint 2510 between −A— and −B− and the insertion tool 3040 on which the magnetic fixing post 3000 is placed and ready to be inserted.

FIG. 97 shows a diagram similar to FIG. 96, with the introduction of a small steel holding disk 3070 used to hold the magnet in the steel recess 3080 in the post slot 510. FIG. 98 shows the small steel holding disk 3070 bonded in the steel recess 3080. FIG. 99 shows a magnetic fixing post 3000 locked in a predetermined position together with the S pole 3030 of the locking magnet 3020 magnetically fixed to the small steel holding disk 3070.

FIG. 100 shows a modular array 2500 locked with a sample structure backing (here the capacitor wall 2900).

FIG. 101 shows a complete (male) capacitor wall 2900. The capacitor rack 3200 shown herein is described in FIG. 111.

Lithium-ion batteries charge and discharge electric power through a chemical reaction. Capacitors store energy through static charges in cells. In this non-limiting embodiment, the solar energy collected by the pyramid wall system will be stored in the pyramid-shaped capacitor cell 3100 as detailed in FIGS. 102-109. These cells, called "supercapacitors", "ultracapacitors" or "double layer capacitors", are particularly suitable for compatible battery technologies.

These "supercapacitors" have a 20-year lifespan, light weight, 98% efficiency, million-cycle charge / discharge capacity, use of non-toxic materials, no overheating, and the ability to operate up to -40 ° C. It has many advantages over batteries. However, conventional supercapacitors can only discharge for a few seconds to a few minutes, making them unsuitable for applications that require continuous output. A conventional super capacitor costs about 20 times as much as an equivalent lithium ion battery and has a storage capacity of about 1/3. This capacitance is directly related to the surface area of the electrodes in the capacitor. Therefore, the electrodes are printed in various dense patterns using superconducting materials.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the capacitor cell 3100 will have an electrode formed in a layer of honeycomb lattice and having a substrate of a conductive thermoplastic material. It is then coated with graphene or equivalent nanoparticles to increase surface area and a superconducting gel electrolyte is introduced between the layers. This increased surface area increases the storage capacity. The gel electrolyte also increases the energy density and extends the discharge time to match the discharge time of the battery.

Conventional batteries have a high energy density and allow the conventional batteries to be used in applications that require several hours of power. However, charging can take several hours. A supercapacitor has a high power density, which means that it can be charged and discharged in a fraction of a second to a few minutes. This is useful when power is needed quickly (several microseconds to minutes) to avoid data crashes during a power outage and / or large amounts of data crashes (train regenerative braking). Batteries are often used in applications that require long-term discharge, but deteriorate significantly over time (limited to thousands of charge / discharge cycles), especially under heavy loads. By shifting the load spikes to supercapacitors, battery life can be extended. In another non-limiting embodiment, the lithium ion battery can be introduced into the pyramid cell so as to alternate with the capacitor.

FIG. 102 shows the cathode contact side of the capacitor cell 3100. Four of these cells 3100 can be placed in the capacitor wall 2900.

FIG. 103A shows the anode contact side of the capacitor cell 3100. Shown are: Capacitor insulation cover 3110, two anode conductive posts 3130, four spherical bosses 3165 protruding from the capacitor cell casing 3160 to lock into the capacitor rack 3200 (see Figure 110). One of two cathode conductive posts 3170, two capacitor cover handles 3180, and LED socket 3190. The capacitor handle 3180 can be used to remove damaged cells. The condition of the damaged cell can be determined by looking at the LED through a port hole in one of the handles 3180 leading to the LED socket 3190. FIG. 103B shows a capacitor cell 3200 that is rotated to be cut off in a subsequent figure and highlights the same features as FIG. 103A, including one or more spherical bosses 3165.

FIG. 104A shows the insulating cover 3110 cut so that the honeycomb anodes 3120, LEDs 3105, and cathode LED channels 3125 appear. In one non-limiting embodiment, the channel 3125 is made up of an insulating cover 3110 that overmolds the LED leads with an insulating thermoplastic material. In another non-limiting embodiment, the insulating cover 3110 is 3D printed with a similar material. Printing is then paused, wires are inserted, and the process is restarted. In another non-limiting embodiment, the channel 3125 is hollow and coated (or printed) with graphene or another conductive nanoparticle material.

FIG. 104B is a detailed cutout portion of FIG. 104A, emphasizing the LED 3105, the cathode LED channel 3125, and the cathode channel boss 3145 that protrudes near the edge of the honeycomb cathode 3150 and connects to the cathode LED channel 3125. The honeycomb cathode 3150 is shown in FIGS. 107A-107F.

FIG. 104C shows an exploded view of the capacitor cell 3100 from which the insulating cover 3110, the honeycomb anode 3120, and the LED 3105 have been removed. The condenser cell casing 3160 and the honeycomb cathode 3150 are in predetermined positions.

FIG. 104D shows a detailed region of the cutout portion between the cross section of the insulating cover 3110 and the honeycomb anode 3120. The cut region exposes the LED 3105, the cathode LED channel 3125, and the LED contact cavity 3115 formed in the honeycomb anode 3120 to accommodate the positive leads of the LED 3105.

FIG. 104E shows an insulating cover 3110 joined to a honeycomb anode 3120, through which the anode conductive post 3130 is visible through a capacitor cover hole 3140 (shown in FIG. 105A).

FIG. 105A shows an insulating cover 3110 separated from the honeycomb anode 3120, with the anode conductive post 3130 and capacitor cover hole 3140 highlighted. FIG. 105B shows the back surface of the insulating cover 3110 joined to the honeycomb anode 3120. These two components 3110, 3120 are fixed to each other as detailed in FIGS. 105D-105F. FIG. 105C is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 105B showing the LED 3105 and the cathode LED channel 3125.

FIG. 105D is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 105B showing the tapered cover boss 3195 on the insulating cover 3110. These bosses 3195 fix the anode 3120 and press-fit it into the honeycomb space to prevent the anode 3120 from coming into contact with the cathode 3150. FIG. 105E is a detailed view of the cutout portion of FIG. 105D showing one coated boss 3195 perpendicular to its axis, showing a cross-sectional view of the cathode LED channel 3125 perpendicular to its axis.

FIG. 105F shows the honeycomb anode 3120 separated from the tapered cover boss 3195 on the insulating cover 3110. Also shown is the tab slot 3175 in the cover 3110, which is used to hold the tab 3185 (shown in FIG. 107A) on the condenser cell casing 3160 when the cover 3110 and the condenser cell casing 3160 are adhered to each other. Is done. FIG. 105G is similar to FIG. 105F and shows the addition of LED3105 in the exploded view. FIG. 106 shows an enlarged view of the indicator LED 3105.

FIG. 107A shows both the capacitor cell casing 3160 and the honeycomb cathode 3150, and shows the casing tab 3185 inserted into the tab slot 3175 on the insulating cover 3110. The pyramidal shape of the casing 3160 has the same 3D "footprint" as the solar panel module 2000, allowing a consistent module design between the two types of these walls.

FIG. 107B shows the separated capacitor cell casing 3160 in which not only one cathode conductive post 3170 (of the two) is visible, but also both casing holes 3135 and two spherical bosses 3165 for those posts 3170. And the honeycomb cathode 3150. These bosses 3165 have the same shape as the conductive tip 1810 on the solar panel 1800. Then, the boss 3165 fixes the condenser rack 3200 and provides a lock feature that does not allow current to flow. FIG. 107C shows the details of the cut portion of the cathode conductive post 3170.

FIG. 107D shows an assembled capacitor cell 3100 with a cut insulating cover 3110. What was emphasized were the anode 3120, the outer edge of the cathode 3150, the cell casing 3160, the cathode LED channel 3125, the LED 3105, and the cathode channel boss 3145 connected to the end of the channel 3125.

FIG. 107E shows the details of the cutout portion of FIG. 107D, which emphasizes the cathode LED channel 3125 and the cathode channel boss 3145. FIG. 107F is a diagram similar to FIG. 107E in a state where the insulating cover 3110 is slightly raised to show the cathode channel boss 3145.

FIG. 108A shows the orientation of the insulating cover 3110 before it was glued in place, the insulating cover 3110 being cut across the tab slot 3175 and lifted slightly above the casing tab 3185, said. Details of the cutout portion at the top of the capacitor cell 3100 are shown. FIG. 108B shows a diagram similar to FIG. 108A in which the insulating cover 3110 is adhered to a predetermined position with the tab slot 3175 and the casing tab 3185 in relative positions.

FIG. 109 shows an exploded view of the components in the capacitor cell 3100 including the capacitor cell casing 3160, the honeycomb cathode 3150, the honeycomb anode 3120, the indicator LED 3105, and the capacitor insulation cover 3110.

FIG. 110 shows a condenser rack 3200 removed from a complete (male) condenser wall 2900.

FIG. 111 shows the separated condenser rack 3200. The capacitor rack 3200 serves to provide a detent snap fit to the spherical bosses 3250 in the capacitor cell casing 3160, except that there are four bosses instead of the eight bosses. Has the same structure as. FIG. 112 shows a capacitor rack circuit 3205 with input leads 3210 and output leads 3220 to the frame. The capacitor rack circuit 3205 is embodied in the capacitor rack 3200. FIG. 113 shows the circuit contact 3230 to the cathode.

FIG. 114 shows the hatch at the tip of the cathode connection post 3170 when the circuit contacts 3230 are in place. FIG. 115 shows the details of the cathode connection post 3170 and a cut-out view of the capacitor rack 3200, showing the spherical boss 3165 in the capacitor cell casing 3160. When the capacitor rack 3200 is in a predetermined position, the cathode connection post 3170 is in an appropriate position with respect to the circuit contact 3230 and comes into contact with the circuit contact 3230.

The conduit in the U-shaped three-sided base 3410 or its top cover 4400 can connect the solar panel wall 3300 to the capacitor wall 3500. The conduit may have a bypass diode and a blocking diode to prevent backflow of current from the capacitor 3100 to the solar panel 1800. In one non-limiting embodiment, the detent / snap-fit connection method (similar to that seen in FIGS. 61-63) is electrical between the walls through the base 3410 and / or cover 4400. Provide a connection. These can be connected in parallel to allow continuation of electricity if part of the wall is damaged. In a further non-limiting embodiment, a plug outlet can be provided to draw power from the subsections of the panel. In another non-limiting embodiment, a single outlet per wall is used.

FIG. 116 shows an example of a solar panel wall 3300 in a pyramid wall frame 3400. In addition to the V-shaped boss 520 and groove 530 that hold the above parts together in the lateral direction, on the connection rack surface to prevent them from collapsing when a force is applied perpendicularly to the surface of the wall 3300. It is possible to pass dowel pins through these vertical V-joints. The configurations shown here include one full modular array 2500, four male solar panel sections 2300, 1/2 female section (right side) 3700, 1/2 female section 3800 (left side), 1/2 female. There are a mold portion (upper part) 3900 and a 1/2 female mold portion (lower part) 4000.

FIG. 117 shows the back surface of the pyramid wall frame 3400. Here, the capacitor wall 3500 complements the solar panel surface having the capacitor shield 4300 covering the surface of each panel and each half portion.

FIG. 118 shows the U-shaped three-sided base 3410 of the pyramid wall frame 3400. FIG. 119 shows a pyramid frame corner 3420 added to the frame as a cosmetic shield against the missing 1/4 panel.

FIG. 120 shows two upper 1/2 female mold portions 3900 inserted in the lower part of the frame 3400. FIG. 121 shows one male side surface-A-wall 2900 added to the center and two female side surfaces-B-wall 2400 added to both sides thereof. FIG. 122 shows the 1/2 female mold portion (right side) 3700 and the 1/2 female mold portion 3800 (left side) added to either side. FIG. 123 shows the remaining additional parts: two female side-B-wall 2400, three male side-A-wall 2900, and two 1/2 female (bottom) 4000.

FIG. 124 shows a capacitor wall 4100 in place. FIG. 125 shows the frame cover 4200 ready to be placed in place.

FIG. 126A shows a capacitor shield 4300 ready to be placed in place. FIG. 126B shows a maintenance handle 4310 with a transparent window 4320 for viewing the power failure signal on the indicator LED 3105. FIG. 127 shows the capacitor shield 4300 in a predetermined position with one capacitor shield 4300 removed for clarity.

FIG. 128 shows the opposite side of the pyramid wall frame 3400, exposing the connector side of the capacitor wall 4100. FIG. 129 shows the frame cover 4200 added to the bottom.

FIG. 130 shows the solar panel wall 3300 added to the assembly 4100. FIG. 131 shows a pyramid frame corner 3420 added to the frame. FIG. 132 shows the top cover 4400 which is added to complete the top and seal the pyramid wall frame 3400.

Various embodiments of the pyramidal wall system use an array of pyramidal-shaped cavities containing elements for collecting and storing solar energy. The bases of these pyramids may be regular polygons or non-polygons, and the number of sides is not limited. The reflectance between the panels maintains the same power output as if the panels were laid flat. This allows installation in areas where surface area is limited. The angle of each side surface with respect to the bottom surface of the pyramid can range from 5 ° to 85 ° in the pyramid wall system.

The area of the side surface of any pyramid combined with the bottom surface of the polygon is always larger than the area of the bottom surface. As the angle between the side and bottom increases or the slope becomes steeper, so does the difference in area. However, there is a trade-off between panels arranged to form shallow angle pyramids and panels arranged to form steep angle pyramids. The steeper the angle, the smaller the footprint and the higher the internal reflectance, but the system is more sensitive to tracking (overhead light is needed for maximum efficiency). The shallower the angle, the larger the footprint and the lower the internal reflectance, but the less sensitive the system is to tracking.

FIG. 133 has an image of a moderately angled pyramid with a diamond-shaped or diamond-shaped bottom surface. The first figure is a cross-sectional view showing the angle of the side surface thereof. The following figure shows the area of the bottom surface or footprint. The figure below shows the area of the side surface.

The pyramidal wall system balances this trade-off with the bottom and sides of the rhombus (diamond shape) to form a composite angle as shown in FIG. 133. The angle is 33.6 ° from the long diagonal to the horizontal. The surface increase of the side surface 4520 relative to the bottom surface 4500 is 62.2%, allowing a 38% reduction in footprint 4510 while maintaining the same power output. This reduced footprint 4510 can accommodate irregular sides, angles or obstacles in wall or roof designs such as windows, chimneys, vents or exhausts. Conversely, this configuration of the pyramidal wall system allows a power increase of 62% over an equivalent flat panel system covering the same footprint 4510.

The pyramidal wall system is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 133. The alternative configuration allows shallow angles as low as 4550 to 5 ° horizontal for setups with height restrictions or other requirements for shape, as shown in FIG. 134. The surface area, which increases beyond the footprint 4540 in this configuration 4530, is small (1.4%) but does not use tracking. It is also more adaptable to traditional panel setups.

Other configurations allow steeper angles than horizontal 4580 to 85 ° for setups with limited mounting surface area. In this configuration 4560, the increase in surface area beyond footprint 4570 is 2,100%, as shown in FIG. 135. These sharp pyramidal arrays can be applied when the footprint area is highly limited, vertical space is not an issue, and a tightly controlled tracking system is in place.

Other, non-limiting configurations of this system may have a square bottom surface and steeper side angles may be used, resulting in a surface area increase of 149%. Such a configuration has the same triangular panels 4520 as in FIG. 133, the short sides of which form the perimeter of the square with the open footprint of the pyramid. Such systems will benefit more from tracking.

In a more non-limiting embodiment, the pyramidal flanks may be non-uniform. The portion with limited access to sunlight may have an extended or contracted length side to best capture the incident light. Arrays can combine inverted pyramids of equal and unequal size.

FIG. 136 shows two examples. The first embodiment 4585 is symmetrical along the X axis, but has a surface area that is not equal to the side 4586 and the side 4587. The other embodiment 4590 is symmetrical along the Y axis, but the sides 4591 and 4592 have unequal surface areas.

In both embodiments 4585, 4590, the footprint 4510 (also shown in FIG. 133) has the same area and shape, and the surface area increase between the sides 4586, 4587, 4591 and 4592 of those embodiments is comparable. Is. The 4585 embodiment has an increase of 59.8% and the 4590 embodiment has an increase of 60.6%. The asymmetry is not limited to a single axis and the sides may not be equal along both the X and Y axes. The shape of the footprint is not limited to a set number of sides, nor is the length of the sides limited to equal.

Inverted pyramids separate their sides from the building surface, allowing natural airflow 4595 to cool the cell, increasing efficiency as heat is reduced, as shown in FIG. 137.

Internal reflectivity 4596 is shown as a schematic representation in FIG. 137. This reflectivity between the panels allows them to be placed within a smaller footprint while maintaining the same or equivalent power output. Add a sphere to the inverted pyramidal cavity at the top to clearly indicate the orientation of the shape. In reality, it is a set of four inverted pyramids.

In the northern climate, the panels have solar cells on both sides to take advantage of the reflectance of snow. A single-sided panel can also show an increase in output. In coastal climates, single-sided and double-sided panels can take advantage of water reflectance. The pyramid wall system is not limited by the number of inverted pyramids "cells" or "modules". It can be as small as one or can be extended indefinitely. The pyramidal wall cell or module is scalable.

Conventional solar panels can be used in the pyramid wall system, but the pyramid wall system is not limited to existing photovoltaic technologies and materials. The panel can be introduced into the inverted pyramid space in various ways. In some non-limiting embodiments:
● Solar panels may be assembled flat and hinged to create a cruciform pattern that is glued or snap-fitted to the inner surface of the pyramid.

● Solar panels may be flexible, formed as a flat pattern of cruciforms, "4D" folded into a pyramid shape) and glued or fitted to the inner surface of the pyramid.

● The flexible solar panel may have a flat cross-shaped pattern or may be "4D" folded into a pyramid shape.

● Solar panels may be single-sided or double-sided, may be made using conventional manufacturing methods, or by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, this may include a process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light to increase the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production. Solar panels can be transparent in the visible spectrum and can be made from inorganic materials such as perovskite or organic salts. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to create transparent nanowires to form transparent contacts across the edges and along the edges. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to cover conventional electrical contacts that can be opaque. In the latter case, the density of contact patterns across the panel and coverage along the edges may be affected. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, a honeycomb shape to increase contact surface area and efficiency. The panel and its contacts can be made by chemical etching, laser etching, other conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing with conductive materials, or any combination thereof. The solar panel may be secured to a mounting post that provides a conductive path through the central position. The mounting post wiring layer may include embedded wire / overmolded wire. The mounting post wiring layer may accommodate a molded, machined, or 3D printed channel or conduit with inserted leads to create the wiring layer. The layer may have 3D printed conductive leads. The channels or conduits in the mounting posts may be sprayed or electroplated with a conductive material or a superconducting material such as graphene or equivalent. They can be coated with conductive gels or superconducting gels.

● Wiring layers may be manufactured in any combination described herein and stacked for multiple sets of panels. The mounting post body may be extended with additional slots to allow stacking of multiple panel arrays. Panels that are transparent to visible light (or specific wavelengths) may be stacked in a pyramidal space, and each layer is arranged to absorb a specific range of wavelengths. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other. The panel layers may be staggered and offset, like rose petals. If the panels have opaque edge contacts, they may extend only halfway along the sides to avoid the top so as not to hide the underlying panel. Otherwise, transparent contacts can be used along the perimeter of the panel.

● The panel may have a transparent outer surface that acts as any type of conventional single lens, lenticular lens or Fresnel lens. These lenses can be of various shapes and can have a variety of purposes, including focusing, defocusing, and turning light. FIG. 69 shows a corrugated solar panel 1800. Also, FIG. 69 highlights the sample area of this panel 1840. In one non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 70 details this sampled region and shows a solar cell cover with a gradient wave pattern refraction stage.

● The panel surface may have specific areas coated with antireflection compounds and / or polarizing compounds.

● The inner surface of the pyramid may be covered (or lined) with electroluminescent paint, electroluminescent tape, or light emitting diode (LED).
The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. This allows for nighttime use when transparent / translucent cells are used. These illuminated surfaces allow self-sustaining light by drawing power through an inverter connected to a supercapacitor and / or a battery or other storage unit in the pyramidal wall module.

In FIG. 138 of one non-limiting embodiment, the hinged cruciform panel assembly 4600 is shown as an exploded view. The four triangular panels 4610 are laid flat. At the smallest inner edge of each of these panels is a hinge 4620 joined in place. At the bottom center of the assembly is a mounting post hub 4630 that has a cavity bottom that holds the hinge in place and allows mounting screws 4640 to secure the panel assembly within the inverted pyramid space. The mounting post body 4650 has a top of a cavity that secures the hinge in place, allowing it to rotate with one degree of freedom. The mounting post body 4650 may be joined to the hub 4630.

FIG. 139 highlights slot 4660 of the mounting post body 4650. The additional panel 4570 is arranged to slide into place. In FIG. 140, the mounting post body 4650 is shown surrounded by disassembled components. The body 4650 has several purposes. It connects all of the panels 4610, 4670 in a central position, accommodates internal wiring, and provides countersunk holes for fixing the panel assembly 4600 into the inverted pyramidal cavity.

Below the mounting post body 4650 is a mounting hub 4530, which will be located within the inverted pyramid cavity. The external lead 4680 projects from the main body 4650 just above the hub 4530. The mounting screw 4640 is just above the body 4650 and the protective access cap 4655 with the snap fit 4656 is just above the screw. In one non-limiting embodiment, the protective access cap 4655 may have a substantially pyramidal shape and a reflective coating to reflect light back to the solar panels 4610, 4670.

FIG. 141 shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the mounting post, partially disassembled components, and features. This includes the mounting hub 4630, the mounting post body 4650 (its internal wiring is hidden for clarity), the protective access cap 4655, the snap fit 4656 inside the cap 4655, and the mounting. Includes the snap-fit socket 4657 within the post body 4650 and a slot 4660 for a second array of panels 4670. The mounting post body 4650 may be extended with additional slots 4660 added to allow stacking of multiple panel arrays 4670.

In this non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 142 shows a transparent panel 4610 along with a cross-sectional view of its hinge 4620. Further, FIG. 143 emphasizes the cross-sectional view of the hinge 4620. Negative contacts on the leads 4621 can be connected to sockets in the mounting post body 4650, positive contacts on the leads 4622 can enter the body of the hinge 4620, and positive lead contacts 4623 , Connect to the panel lead.

FIG. 144 shows the details of the cut section. Here, the panel 4610 and its hinge 4620 are connected and laid horizontally, and its positive lead 4622 is in the cavity of the mounting post body 4650. Also, the second panel 4670 is in place within the cavity of the mounting post body 4650, while the two leads 4680 from the internal wiring are exposed. The mounting hub 4630 is ready to be put in place.

FIG. 145 shows the details of the cut section when the panel 4610 and the hinge 4620 are folded in place. A positive contact on the lead 4622 and a second panel 4670 are shown for reference and the mounting hub 4630 is now in place.

FIG. 146 shows a hinge 4620 in a flat position. FIG. 146 highlights the four negative contacts and the four positive contacts 4622 of the hinge on the leads 4621 that enter the mounting post body 4650. Connection leads to the first wire layer 4681 and the second wire layer 4682 in the cross-panel mounting post are shown. These wiring layers may be embedded wires / overmolded wires within the mounting post, or may have 3D printed conductive leads. Alternatively, the wiring layers may be molded, machined or 3D printed channels at the base of the mounting post with the inserted leads, or may be coated with a sprayed or electroplated conductive material. It may be coated with a conductive gel or a superconducting gel, or the wiring layers may have any combination thereof. Check the full text up to this point 10261420
FIG. 147 introduces a second layer of panels and the second wiring layer 4682 that connects to the electrical leads 4680. These wiring layers can be stacked for multiple sets of panels. FIG. 148 shows a hinge in the folded position that exposes the negative and positive leads 4680 connecting through the mounting hub.

FIG. 149 exposes three back panels 4610 in a flat position and, in one non-limiting embodiment, a back surface that can be covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LEDs for night use. A fourth back panel 4611 and is shown so as to be folded. These panels are transparent or translucent to visible light. Also, the back surface, in one non-limiting embodiment, is a snap fit that helps secure the panels 4610, 4611 within an inverted pyramid housing having an inner surface covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LED. It also has 4612. A second layer consisting of panel 4670 is also shown.

FIG. 150 shows a grid of transparent panels 4610 and its contacts. In one non-limiting embodiment, these contacts are honeycomb shaped, increasing contact surface area and efficiency. The panel 4610 and its contacts can be made by conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printed with conductive materials, or a combination of the two.

FIG. 151 emphasizes the honeycomb grid 4613 of contacts and emphasizes the details of the cutouts of the panel 4610. Its positive edge contact 4614 and positive hinge socket 4617 are shown. Also shown are its negative edge contacts 4615 and its negative hinge socket 4616.

FIG. 152 shows a further enlarged view of the connection and contacts 4614, 4615. The honeycomb grid 4613 connects to the edge contacts on both sides. The following details are shown: a portion of the positive edge contact 4614, the shape of the housing for the positive hinge socket 4617, the negative edge contact 4614, and a sectional view of the negative hinge socket 4616.

FIG. 153 shows the completed folding cross-panel assembly 4600, noting the outer layer to which electroluminescence paint, electroluminescent tape or LED 4611 is applied to transparent or translucent panels.

The composite wall can be manufactured using a variety of processes. The pyramid wall portion can be vacuum formed on a mold using a composite sheet. These portions (as described above) can range from small modular "A" and "B" mating portions to full wall panels.

The pyramidal wall can also be manufactured by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

The pyramidal wall may be FFF / FDM3D printed in layers using carved carbon fibers with a thermoplastic substrate or continuous strands of fibers with a thermoplastic substrate. The carved carbon fibers and the thermoplastic substrate can be in the form of pellets, filaments, or a combination thereof.

The pyramid wall system can form an array of hollow inverted pyramids. Conventional FFF or FDM 3D printing techniques use an extruder head that follows a perfect horizontal path before moving to the next level. Advances in machine speed and material throughput have made it possible to produce these parts faster, while extruders on conventional printers are limited to three degrees of freedom.

Incorporating a robotic arm into the 3D printing process allows the extruder to be moved with 6 degrees of freedom and the non-orthogonal movement to match the shape of the portion. This speeds up the manufacturing process. The robot arm can move or autonomously move on conventional linear rails or linear gantry systems. The robot arm can move in a curved motion on a simple curved track, a compound curved track, or a three-dimensionally curved path. Robotic arms can operate as individual units or as multiple arms that move in harmony or independently.

The pyramidal wall system can be partially or wholly FFF / FDM3D printed by an extruder on a robotic arm incorporating conventional FFF / FDM or other manufacturing methods. The combination of conventional FFF 3D printing and robotic 3D printing can be used when using multiple materials and multiple diameters of the extruder. These options allow for large-scale printing made on large-diameter extruders and also allow for detailed features made on smaller-diameter heads.

In one non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 154 shows a flexible screw conveyor 4700 for handling pelletized plastics for use in robotic 3D printing. FIG. 154 is labeled as follows: control panel 4710, stand 4720, conduit 4730, and electric motor 4740 for the system. A feeder 4750 (connected to one of the extruders of a 3D printer via a hose) is shown. Also shown are cut views of the flexible screw housing 4760 and the flexible screw 4770. The screw 4770 pulls the pellet into the feeder 4750. Pelleted plastic 4780 fed into the flexible screw housing 4760 attached to the main hopper 4790 is shown. The hopper 4790 stores the material to be printed. For clarity, the hinged hopper door 4785 of this hopper 4790 has been removed.

FIG. 155 shows a partial setup of the robot 3D printing system 4800. The production system may use multiple robot arms for printing as well as extruders on the gantry as in the case of conventional FFF or FDM printing. The gantry or linear rail 4810 allows for control movement of the linear guide 4820. The robot arm 4830 allows the extruder head with multiple degrees of freedom (detailed in FIG. 156) to be repeatedly positioned. The hose 4840 supplies pellets to the extruder at the end of the robot arm by its own weight. The removed hopper door 4785 is shown in FIG. 154. A completed wall 4850, such as that made using the robot 3D printing system 4800, is shown.

FIG. 156 shows the details of the cutout portion of the exploded view of the robot arm 4830 and the extruder. The end of the arm 4830, the hopper supply tube 4840, the stepping motor and tube coupler 4860, the heating cartridge 4870, the thermistor (heat sensor) 4880, and the extruder hot end and nozzle 4890. The filament can be used in place of the pelletized plastic fed to the hopper or in combination with the pelleted plastic fed to the hopper.

In other non-limiting embodiments, the mold or mold for composite wrapping can be 3D printed using a laminated modeling process such as FFF or FDM. The molds or molds can also be made by SLA, SLS, or DMLS. As mentioned above, the pyramid mold core 100 can be made by a 3D printing process such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FFF) or Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The mold can be made using a CNC milling machine or an external shape processing machine. The mold can also be made by pouring various materials (including but not limited to plastic and concrete) between the back-to-back walls.

The pyramidal wall can be made from a vacuum formed thermoplastic sheet. The pyramidal wall may also be injection molded, rotary molded, cast, and / or extruded.

The walls can be flattened by any of the above processes (eg, laminate molding or molding) so that they can be stacked for storage and transportation. Next, by incorporating the living hinge, the wall portion can be manually unfolded into a predetermined shape. Alternatively, the wall portion may have a final shape on the mold shape. The walls may also be formed in a "4D" process by using external stimuli such as heat, power, or chemical reactions.

Alternative materials for composite molding wrapping include fiberglass and Kevlar.

Alternative materials for FFF / FDM 3D printing include fiberglass and Kevlar (strands or carved), thermoplastics (alone), concrete, cement, wood pulp, composite wood with binders, and recyclable materials. included. These materials can be supplied as pellets, filaments, or a combination thereof and extruded through a 3D printer nozzle.

Alternative materials for various forming processes include wood pulp / composite wood, recyclable materials (including plastics) and composite embedded thermoplastics, cement or concrete.

The walls may be machined or cut out from plastic or wood, may be made from sheet metal, or may be punched into a shape.

Any of the components within the pyramidal wall system can be manufactured entirely using any of the processes described herein or using a combination of such processes.

In one non-limiting embodiment shown in FIG. 157, a vacuum / thermoforming setup 4900 is shown. The mold 4910, formed as the inner surface of an inverted pyramid in the wall panel portion, has a tube 4920 net attached to its back surface. FIG. 158 shows the structural setup 4900 including the top of the mold 4910, the vacuum tube 4920 net, the cross section of the tube, and the cross section of the mold 4910, showing where the vents connect to the vacuum path. FIG. 159 shows the details of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 158, which has the mold 4910, the vacuum tube 4920, the cut vents 4930, and the cross section of the vacuum tube aligned with respect to the vents of the mold 4910. ..

FIG. 160 shows a thermoforming setup 4900 with a thermoplastic sheet 4945 heated on top. FIG. 161 shows a pyramid array 4950 formed from a thermoplastic sheet and removed from the mold 4900.

FIG. 162 shows an exploded view of the thermoformed pyramid wall 4990 and its components. At the bottom is a pyramid array 4950. Above it is an array support frame core 4960 (having a dummy or birdbone and a conductive / insulating layer), and an upper part of the support frame having a socket 4970 and a mounting plug 4980.

FIG. 163 shows the back side of the completed wall portion 4990. FIG. 164 shows the front side of the wall and the inner surface of the thermoformed pyramid array 4950.

In one non-limiting embodiment shown in FIG. 165, a conventional injection molding die 5000 (no side action) is used to create the finished wall. A cross-sectional view of the molten plastic channel starting with the sprue 5010 and the runner 5020 extending over the entire length of the mold is shown. The runner is then connected to a gate 5030 ending at a position within the mold core 5040 (in the same orientation as the vent 4930 in the thermoformed image as in FIG. 159).

The upper support plate 5060 and the lower support plate 5070 can then flow plastic from the gate into the mold cavity 5050 while keeping the mold 5000 closed.

FIG. 166 shows a completed wall portion 5100 taken out from a mold having a mold core 5040, an upper support plate 5060, a mold cavity 5050, and a lower support plate 5070, which are shown in an open state. FIG. 167 shows the back side of a single component wall 5100 with fully molded features. In another embodiment, one of the features on the molded part can be removed and the entire wall can be assembled from the plurality of parts.

In the independent part, the separate walls can be connected back to back with fasteners. The post and socket axes may be aligned when the post is socketed so that it is fixed. Alternatively, the socket may have a semi-circular notch so that the post slides in. These independent portions have a space that can be filled with closed cell foam or pellets or cement of various materials (including recycled plastic or paper). This filler can be used for insulation, sound absorption or both. A grid can be inserted between the portions and reinforced with a material such as closed cell foam. The grid can be manufactured by conventional manufacturing methods, including laminating molding, also known as 3D printing. These include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Sintering. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as additive manufacturing (SLS) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

Further, the lattice may be printed on the inner surface of one of the independent wall portions, and the independent wall portions may be joined later.

FIG. 168 shows two in-position, separated, back-to-back walls forming an independent pyramidal wall sandwich 5200. In one non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 169 shows a cut-out portion of the wall sandwich 5200, a back-to-back portion and a pyramid array 4950 in place. Details of this portion include a socket 4970 on one side having a discharge port 4975. The plug 4980 is shown on the opposite side of the socket so that the discharge port 4985 is aligned with the port of the socket. The discharge port can be used for water and humidity, and can be used as a vent for heat.

FIG. 170 shows a fracture view of the independent pyramidal wall sandwich 5200. In this non-limiting embodiment, closed cell foam 5210 is shown which partially fills the cavity between the walls.

As shown in FIG. 64, the solar panel connection rack 2100 connects each set of four sets of four panels to one socket in the frame. (For example, in FIG. 101, the capacitor / battery connection rack 3200 connects each battery / capacitor in the same way.

An alternative / auxiliary connection method for single-sided pyramidal walls is to form an electrical hub connecting the solar panel leads to their central posts. The hub then connects to a cavity in a wall socket attached to a wall or support surface. Fasteners protrude from a hub that is secured to an embedded, threaded insert in the cavity of the wall socket. The cavity has electrical contacts that then draw power from the hub and transmit it to a wire harness or electrical conduit in a positioning / mounting template / fixture. The cutout portion in the positioning template / mounting fixture can have the same outer shape as the wall socket. The notch in the cutout portion provides a relief for the contact nipple of the wall socket.

The positioning template / mounting fixture can also be used as a temporary mounting template to align the wall socket before fixing or adhering the wall socket to the wall. The above template will not have electrical conduits or embedded wiring. The template is for aligning wall sockets and can then be removed.

As a permanent mounting fixture, the positioning template / mounting fixture may or may not include electrical conduits or embedded wiring. The positioning template / mounting fixture may be fully supported by the socket after the socket has been fixed or glued to the wall. The positioning template / mounting fixture may be independently fixed or glued to provide additional support for the pyramidal wall.

The wall sockets and positioning templates / mounting fixtures can be molded by a variety of methods, including machining, cutting, laser cutting, water cutting, or injection molding. They may be formed by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS).

The electrical contacts in the wall socket and the conduits in the positioning template / mounting fixture can be overmolded wires, 3D printed with conductive material, or paths for insulated wiring. May be good. The conduit may be coated with a superconducting material such as graphene or an equivalent and / or may be filled with a superconducting gel or any combination thereof.

The wall socket and the positioning / mounting template as permanent fixtures may have mounting holes so that they can be secured to the mounting surface. Alternatively, the wall socket and positioning / mounting template may be secured with fasteners (such as screws), binding compounds, or a combination thereof.

In FIG. 171 a single diamond-shaped pyramidal wall portion 4900 is shown above the wall socket 5300 and the positioning template / mounting fixture 5400. In one non-limiting embodiment, the template for temporarily positioning the wall socket 5300 as it is secured onto a wall, roof, or other surface with fasteners or binding compounds. 5400 can be used. In another non-limiting embodiment, the template 5400 is permanent for reinforcement and / or to provide a conductive path between multiple panel sections, multiple capacitors, and / or multiple batteries. Is fixed.

FIG. 172 shows details of an exploded view of the cut wall socket 5300. FIG. 172 shows a socket body 5310 with a nipple for the electrical lead 5315. The wall socket 5300 is shown exploded into a counterbore for a pyramidal wall post, a drainage area within the counterbore 5316, and a through hole for a brass threaded insert 5320. The drainage area allows moisture to escape and heat to escape. The insert 5320 receives the screw 4640 and is aligned to secure the pyramidal wall post, thereby accommodating the solar panel assembly.

In one non-limiting embodiment, concrete screws 5330 (eg, Tapcon screws used to secure fixtures to concrete) are used to secure the wall socket to a wall or roof. FIG. 173 introduces the post of the pyramid wall portion into the wall socket image. The solar panel leads 4680 from the panel array in the pyramid wall are aligned with respect to the conduit 5340 in the wall socket.

FIG. 174 adds a detailed portion of the positioning template / mounting fixture. In this non-limiting embodiment, the conduit 5410 is exposed and aligned with respect to the wall socket conduit and the solar panel lead. The conduit 5410 may be an insulated wire, an overmolded wire, or a path for a 3D printed conductive material. The conduit 5410 may be coated with a superconducting material such as graphene or equivalent and / or may be filled with a superconducting gel or any combination thereof.

FIG. 175 shows a portion of the pyramid wall system 4990 when the completed pyramid wall system 4990 is connected to the wall socket 5310. The positioning template / mounting fixture 5400 aligns each wall socket. The positioning template / mounting fixture 5400 can then be removed after becoming an alignment tool or permanently fixed to an electrical conduit. FIG. 176 shows details of an exploded view of the pyramidal wall 4990, some wall sockets 5300, and the positioning template / mounting fixture 5400. FIG. 177 shows an enlarged view of the image with the pyramid wall removed. The wall socket 5300 is in a predetermined position to fit into the receiving cavity of the positioning template / mounting fixture 5400. The mounting holes 5420 can be used to secure the mounting template on the surface. The above holes may be left as they are, or may be changed to countersunk holes for fasteners.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the pyramid wall system is a pyramid to position a layer of translucent or transparent cells / panels to absorb specific wavelengths of visible and / or invisible light. You can use the space in the space. This is shown in FIG. 139 and highlighted in FIGS. 142, 150, 151 and 152, in which a second layer of "transparent" cells is introduced. The first layer of solar panels may be single-sided or double-sided and is secured to the inner surface of the pyramid housing. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to create transparent nanowires or to cover conventional electrical contacts. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, a honeycomb shape to increase contact surface area and efficiency.

Both the first and subsequent panel layers can be transparent in the visible spectrum and can be made from inorganic materials such as perovskite or organic salts. The panel layers can be stacked like flower petals around a post or "stem". The stack may be flat, forming sides of an offset pyramid around the stem, or the sides may be curved like rose petals and / or overlap. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other. The panel layers may be staggered and offset, like rose petals. The individual panels may be divided into two or more parts and arranged independently. The panel layer may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

The panel layer may be created using conventional manufacturing methods or by laminating molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

The panel and its contacts can be made by conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printed with conductive materials, or a combination of the two. The solar panel may be secured to a mounting post that provides a conductive path through the central position. The mounting post may be manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods such as injection molding, may be 3D printed by any of the various methods described above, or may be manufactured in combination thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, a transparent superconducting capacitor can be used between the transparent cell layers for storage.

Note: Some of the components in the image used to describe this stacked panel "flower" assembly are identical to those in the cross-panel assembly. Others are similar to those of FIGS. 138 to 141. However, individual parts may now be assemblies. Therefore, individual parts have been renumbered for clarity.

FIG. 178 shows an exploded view of the panel 4610 and its hinges 4620 around the flower post assembly 5600. These panels form a cross-panel assembly similar to that shown in FIGS. 138-153, with the difference that the flower post assembly allows multiple sets of panels to be stacked. At the bottom of this exploded view is a flower post connection hub 5610. This hub is used to stabilize and secure the panel within the pyramidal wall cavity.

FIG. 179 introduces a second layer consisting of panels 4670. FIG. 180 shows an exploded view of the flower post assembly 5600. The flower post assembly 5600 includes a post base or hub 5610, a post body 5620, mounting fasteners 5630, and an access cap 5640. In one non-limiting embodiment, the flower post assembly 5600 is used to attach the solar array to a pyramidal wall and also to a wall socket. It may be coated for reflectance and may include electrical paths or conduits that can be overmolded, inserted, or 3D printed with electrical leads. The flower post assembly 5600 may have an outer shape different from the diamond shape shown, such as circular, elliptical, or any regular or irregular polygon. It may also be tapered or scaled differently to constitute a spatial limitation.

FIG. 181 shows a cross-sectional view of the flower post 5600. The post hub 5610 is below the post body 5620 with mounting fasteners 5630 in place in the countersunk holes of the body. The access cap 5640 is directly above it.

FIG. 182 shows an enlarged view of the features on the cut section of the main body 5620 and access cap 5640 of the post. Panel recesses 5622 along the outside of the body 5620 of the post position different levels of panels. The snap-fit socket 5621 allows the snap-fit 5641 on the access cap 5640 to secure the access cap 5640 in place and protect the fasteners. The access cap recess 5642 allows tool access for easy removal.

FIG. 183 shows the first level wiring 5650 connected to the cross panel hinge 4620. The first level wiring 5650 follows the same circuitry, various materials, and manufacturing processes as the wiring layer described for the cross panel in FIGS. 146-148. The exception is the serial connection 5651, which connects multiple levels of panels in a cell.

FIG. 184 shows a negative lead and a positive lead 5682 connected through the mounting hub. The second level wiring 5683 to the seventh wiring layer 5688 are marked on only one side for clarity.

FIG. 185 shows the stacking from the second level panel 4670 to the seventh level panel 4675. They are marked on one side only for clarity purposes only.

FIG. 186 shows the completed, stacked flower assembly 5700, with the cross panel 4610 in a flat position and the flower post hub 5610 disassembled.

FIG. 187 shows the completed flower assembly 5700 folded into a pyramid shape. The outer surface of the flower assembly 5700 is covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or light emitting diode (LED) 4611. The panel may be transparent or translucent for different wavelengths, depending on the electroluminescence coating or LED requirements.

In one non-limiting embodiment, each panel may form a single flat layer around the mounting post. There, the exposed surface of each panel is parallel to the footprint of the pyramid. Each layer may be curved and concentrically nested around the mounting post. The layers may be evenly spaced along the mounting posts or may be spaced differently apart. The layers may be angled independently of each other or in any combination thereof.

Tabs with electrical contacts may be secured within the mounting post slots, or the exposed edges of those tabs may be secured to connect to leads on the solar panel. The tabs may be secured with fasteners, snap fits, binders, or any combination thereof. 1026 so far 1536
The panel may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

FIG. 188 introduces a first layer horizontal panel 5800 having a surface placed parallel to the bottom surface of the pyramid or the footprint. The edge of the clearance hole in the horizontal panel can be placed just above the panel recess 5622 of the flower post. The connection tab 5805 that fits into the recess can be glued or fixed to the first layer horizontal panel. It is also possible to assemble the subsequent panels first and work towards the top.

FIG. 189 shows a cross section of some horizontal panels and their connecting tabs. First mounted on top of the cross panel is a sixth panel 5850 with connection tabs 5855. Next, a fifth panel 5840 and its connection tabs 5845 are attached. Next, a fourth panel 5830 with connection tabs 5835 is attached. Next, a third panel 5820 with connection tabs 5825 is attached. Next, a second panel 5810 with connection tabs 5815 is attached. Finally, the top panel 5800 and its connection tabs 5805 are attached.

FIG. 190 shows a completed horizontal stacking flower-5900 with the cross panel 4610 shown flat and the first layer horizontal panel 5800 highlighted.

FIG. 191 shows an alternative cross-sectional view of the panel and the increased surface area due to their configuration. FIG. 191 highlights the post hub 5610, the post body 5620, the mounting fasteners 5630, and the access cap 5640.

FIG. 192 shows a horizontal stacked flower-5900 folded into a pyramid shape. Its outer surface 4611 is covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LED.

In a further non-limiting embodiment, the stacked flower does not have to be horizontal.

In some non-limiting embodiments, a transparent cover can be used for various purposes within the pyramidal wall system described above. Those transparent covers can be used for weather protection, to provide an aerodynamic surface, and / or to assist in the collection or dispersion of light. The shape of the cover may be flat, recessed, or protruding, and may have various shapes. The cover can cover individual cells, small panels, or large arrays. The cover may be uniform or mixed, depending on the application.

The cover can be made from a number of different materials that are transparent to visible and invisible light of various wavelengths. Examples of these materials include, but are not limited to, glass, transparent polymers, transparent inorganic polymers, transparent epoxy resins, transparent ceramics, and combinations thereof. These materials can be treated with a clear silica coating, clear epoxy or clear nano-coating for protection.

Covers that form a protective barrier for solar panels can also provide protection against structures in windy areas. Covers can reduce resistance when used to shield solar panels on moving vehicles. Data from computer analyzes such as wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will determine the specific shape of the cover segments, as well as the placement of these segments on large arrays.

Because the pyramidal wall system can be exposed to harsh weather conditions, moisture and thermal ventilation ports can be introduced into the various components of the wall. These components may include side walls, edge corners, posts and mounting sockets on the pyramidal wall, and corners and edges on the cover.

The cover can perform dual functions as a transparent solar cell in the visible spectrum and can be made from an inorganic material such as perovskite or an organic salt. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to create transparent nanowires or to cover conventional electrical contacts. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, in order to increase contact surface area and efficiency (as described above).

The cover can function as any type of conventional single lens, lenticular lens or Fresnel lens. These lenses can be of various shapes and can have a variety of purposes, including focusing, defocusing, and turning light. FIG. 69 in the original application shows a corrugated solar panel 1800. Also, FIG. 69 highlights the sample area of this panel 1840. In one non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 70 details this sampled region and shows a solar cell cover with a gradient wave pattern refraction stage.

The cover may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

Covers can be created as individual units for individual pyramidal cells. The cover can be created as a small modular part or a complete panel. The modular portion or complete panel may have custom shaped areas for anchoring on individual pyramidal cells with additional separation features for individual units. In this way, only the damaged unit needs to be replaced.

The cover can be made by conventional methods used to produce clear plastic sheets including extrusion, casting, inflation film, injection molding and thermoforming. The cuts may be designed as molded features or may be added in a secondary manufacturing process such as water jet cutting, laser trimming, or cutting blades.

The cover can also be manufactured by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method (as mentioned above) is adapted for full production.

Cuts in 3D printed parts may be created as design features using a single material. Further, the cut portion may be formed from the groove / cavity created after the removal of the 3D printing support material. Alternatively, the cutting section may be added as a secondary manufacturing process such as water jet cutting, laser trimming, or cutting blades.

NOTE: This section provides an example of a cover on a horizontal petal setup with or without posts. However, these covers can be used in any of the variants of the solar panel, as well as in the combination of capacitors and batteries.

FIG. 193 shows a cross-sectional view of the spherical concave cover 6010 and the horizontal stacking flower-5900. In this non-limiting embodiment, the access cap 5645 is truncated for clearance and the cover 6010 fits onto a 4-cell cavity within the wall 4990. A center screw (not shown) can be used to secure the cover with snap-fit features at the corners.

194 and 195 show modifications of the cover in some non-limiting embodiments as an example of a single cell. In FIG. 194, a flat cover 6000, a spherical concave cover 6010, an elliptical concave cover 6020, and a teardrop concave cover 6030 are shown. In FIG. 195, a spherical concave cover 6040 having a lens, a spherical convex cover 6050, an elliptical convex cover 6060, and a teardrop convex cover 6070 are shown.

The features of the lens are not limited to the spherical concave deformation examples, and are not limited to any of the deformation examples in these figures. The lens shape may be an arbitrary modification of a conventional single lens or a Fresnel lens. The material of any of the above covers can be an optically transparent compound, a transparent solar cell, a transparent capacitor, or any combination thereof.

In one non-limiting embodiment, an alternative version of the horizontal stacking flower removes the stacking mounting post. As a result, the structure of the panel can be simplified and the surface area exposed to light can be increased. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other.

The panel layer may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

The corners of the panel may provide electrical contacts through leads along the inner edges of the pyramidal cells or through the edges between the sides of the folded cross panel. A simplified version of the truncated mounting post will draw current from the inner edge lead to a central position (not shown).

FIG. 196 shows an alternative version of the horizontal stacking flower-6100. The postless stacking flower-6100 is shown with one cross panel 4610 and hinge 4620 removed to show various features. The back surface of the cross panel 4610 may be covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LEDs, as seen in the cross panel, flower and horizontal stacked flower versions.

In this non-limiting embodiment, six nested panels: 6110, 6120, 6130, 6140, 6150, and 6160 are shown to be press-fitted into the cross-panel flanks. The electrical contacts can be at the outer corners of the horizontal panel, which have edges of the cross panel 4610 that provide a series connection. The cross panel may have a groove feature on the inner surface to hold the horizontal panel when folded in place, or the cross panel may be glued (or a combination of the two). .. The panel may be flat or curved, may be arranged in the pyramid cavity in various directions, and may not necessarily be parallel to the footprint / bottom surface of the pyramid. Above the pyramidal cavity is a spherical concave cover for reference.

FIG. 197 shows an exploded view of the truncated locking hub 6200. The hub base 6210 is similar to the hub in the cross panel and other flower designs described above. The hub body 6220 has the same functions as the cross panel and flower design posts described above. The hub body 6220, like any other design, provides wiring paths and supports for hinge contacts. However, since it is not necessary to support the petals, the hub body 6220 has a much lower outer shape. The mounting fastener 6230 is shown above the hub body. The hub body is shown an electrical lead 6250 from the wiring path having a countersunk through hole for positioning it.

FIG. 198 shows a cross-sectional view of the truncated locking hub 6200. The hub base 6210 nests the hub body 6220 and mounting fasteners are shown through both. Internal wiring has been removed for clarity.

FIG. 199 shows the hub base and body removed, highlighting the internal wiring of the truncated base 6240. The two hinge bodies are hidden to remove complexity from the image. The internal wiring lead 6250 is shown connected to the hinge contact.

In one non-limiting embodiment, FIG. 200 shows a fully assembled horizontal flower panel assembly with a concave transparent cover 6300.

An overview of supercapacitors and batteries has been described above. In summary, supercapacitors are designed for fast charging, but batteries are designed to provide long-term energy. Super capacitors, also called "ultra capacitors," are lightweight and have high power density. This means that the supercapacitor can be charged and discharged within a fraction of a second to a few minutes. Supercapacitors have maintained high efficiency over many years, millions of cycles, and over a wide range of temperatures, but are expensive and have limited storage capacity. On the contrary, a battery has a high energy density and can be charged and discharged for several minutes to several hours. Batteries are cheaper than supercapacitors and store more electricity. However, the cycle life of the battery is much shorter. In addition, the operating temperature of the battery is limited, and the battery deteriorates rapidly under heavy loads such as intermittent solar power. By shifting the load spikes to supercapacitors, battery life can be extended. And as the storage capacity of supercapacitors increases, it will complement batteries in applications such as electric vehicles and significantly increase charging times.

Since the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor is directly related to the surface area of the electrodes of the capacitor, a high-density lamination of honeycomb layers was introduced in order to increase the amount of energy stored. The density and number of layers in the supercapacitor can vary. These layers are coated with graphene, or equivalent nanoparticles, to create additional surface areas. This results in higher storage capacity. The pattern of the electrodes is not necessarily a honeycomb, but may be an array of any shape. Also, the pattern on each layer can be combined with the pattern on subsequent layers to create a particular 3D shape in order to obtain a more optimal surface area. The layer is not limited to being parallel to the bottom / footprint of the pyramid. Also, the layers are not limited to being parallel to each other or flat. The layer may be curved.

The superconducting gel electrolyte is introduced between layers that increase the energy density and extends the discharge time to match the discharge time of the battery (see FIGS. 101-115). Until the advent of laminated molding, also known as 3D printing, the complex shapes required for these supercapacitors were either not easily feasible or were exorbitantly expensive. As the speed of this process increases, parts can go directly from prototype to manufacturing, further reducing costs.

They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

Supercapacitor layers can be made using chemically etched metal plates or foils to increase surface area / capacitance.

Traditional manufacturing methods such as injection molding, thermoforming, or blow molding can be used for various components within the capacitor cell. To create these components, conventional manufacturing methods can be used in combination with 3D printing.

If space, weight, and / or cost constraints are available, an alternative hybrid configuration that combines a supercapacitor layer and a solar panel layer within a single pyramid cell may be used. The lower part of the pyramid space will function as a capacitor and the upper part will be for solar panels. Other non-limiting configurations may use batteries instead of capacitors in the same space.

NOTE: Batteries may replace or complement capacitor storage in any of various embodiments.

FIG. 201 shows an exploded view of the super capacitor cell 6400. Components include a cell cover 6410, a honeycomb lattice pyramid 6420, a supercapacitor casing 6430, and a supercapacitor connection rack 6440. Similar components are shown in FIGS. 109 and 111, including a cover 3110, a shell or casing 3160, and a connecting rack 3200. These components have a different shape than the components of FIG. 201.

FIG. 202 separates the following components: positive series post 6421, positive electrical lead 6422, negative series post 6423, and negative electrical lead 6424. The posts 6421 and 6423 provide a series connection to each of the honeycomb layers, depending on the charge of the honeycomb layers. The positive leads 6422 and the negative leads 6424 connect to the posts on the supercapacitor casing 6430 that snap-fits into the supercapacitor connection rack 6440.

FIG. 203 shows the supercapacitor casing 6430 cut in half to show the negative electrical leads 6424 as it snap-fits into the supercapacitor connection rack. For reference, the negative series post 6423 above is shown. The rack has internal wiring that draws current into two unique lead wires that are snap-fitted to the socket of the pyramid wall body. These leads are connected to conductive elements in the birdbone frame on the pyramidal wall.

FIG. 204 shows the introduction of the positive honeycomb layer 6425. FIG. 205 of this non-limiting embodiment shows 11 positive layers 6425. In FIG. 206, 11 negative honeycomb layers 6426 are highlighted, showing a complete honeycomb lattice pyramid 6420. The slanted top and bottom views show the details of the lattice pyramid 6420.

FIG. 207 shows the complete supercapacitor module 6500. In the non-limiting embodiment shown herein, the modules are turned upside down and connected to the same module. In other non-limiting embodiments, the contralateral portion may be a pyramidal wall panel. This wall may have multiple versions of solar panels within it.

FIG. 208 shows a hybrid supercapacitor / postless flower panel cell 6600. The cell cover 6410 is shown at the top. Below that are four nested panels 6110, 6120, 6130, and 6140. Below that are cross-sectional views of a supercapacitor casing 6430 and a 1/2 size honeycomb lattice pyramid 6420. This configuration allows for solar collection and storage on a single-sided pyramidal wall. This can be applied when vertical space or depth or weight is limited.

FIG. 209 shows a cross-sectional view of the complete Super Capacitor Module 6500. At the bottom, two honeycomb lattice pyramids 6420 are shown. Connected at the top is a pyramidal wall housing with three solar panel configurations. First, horizontal stacked flowers 5900 are connected. In this non-limiting embodiment, the cell within the pyramidal wall housing has a spherical concave cover 6010 at one corner. Adjacent to it is the "conventional" flower assembly 5700, and adjacent to it is the hybrid supercapacitor / postless flower panel cell 6600.

FIG. 210 shows the same complete supercapacitor module 6500 as above with a severed top cover. In this non-limiting embodiment, the module cover includes at least one spherical concave cover 6010 and two flat covers 6000. For rain protection, restricted light access, or aerodynamics, the cover style combination can range from 6000 to 6070, or any geometry based on the application.

The pyramidal wall system has been applied to both the mobile equipment and trucking industries. Movable setups may be deployed for emergency power supplies or shelters in remote areas, and the container may be formed from pyramidal walls hinged with one or more segments. The pyramidal wall can spread to follow the sun or form a fixed structure. In the trucking industry, tractor trailers and other vehicles can use the pyramid wall system to partially or wholly compensate for fuel costs. Tractor trailers will benefit from several features of the above pyramidal wall system, including but not limited to:
1) Its unique shape results in increased rigidity and strength compared to conventional walls and roofs of the same size. This intensity can be enhanced with a birdbone grid frame.

2) The configuration of the solar panels within this shape results in increased energy acquisition compared to panels laid flat on the same footprint.

3) The ability to quickly charge advanced supercapacitors reduces the time required at refueling bases, while supercapacitor / battery combinations control power for hybrid or fully electric vehicles. Allows discharge.

4) Drag reduction from the recessed cover allows for at least 11% annual fuel cost savings. Additional features such as Fluke (see Figure 215) can further reduce drag.

5) The pyramidal wall system can supply power to the refrigerating unit, while the inside of the closed cell of the wall sandwich can provide insulation.
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6) Electroluminescence paints, electroluminescence tapes or light emitting diodes (LEDs) can provide night lighting and / or signage through panels and / or flukes. The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. LEDs can also use this lighting feature to enhance signal transmission. The low power consumption of the LED allows it to be drawn from the capacitor-battery portion of the pyramidal wall system without an external source. There are several methods described above, such as coating the back surface of the final layer of the panel or the inner surface of the pyramid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the top surface of the pyramid on the side surface of the trailer may be coated for downward illumination.

7) The side surface of the container may be modified to accommodate the pyramid wall portion, or may be constructed using the pyramid wall portion as a material. The side of the container may include a single-sided wall panel containing any of any combination of solar cells or solar panels-capacitors.

8) The pyramid wall portion may have a transparent cover for rain protection and various recess shapes and characteristics as shown in FIGS. 193 to 195 and 200. These covers form side panels that are independently positioned and have a shape configured for maximum drag reduction. Some covers may have either conventional Fresnel or lenticular based on the single lens property, i.e., the position of the pyramidal cell. In addition, pyramidal cavities can have non-uniform sides to achieve maximum possible solar collection based on their location within the wall. The covers may be individually formed or may be made in the form of a complete side wall sheet. Post-treatment can then be performed to allow replacement of individual parts in the event of damage or reconstruction. The cover may have drag-reducing "Flukes" at the front and trailing edges. These fluke may be formed individually or in the form of a complete replaceable side wall sheet. The drag reduction cover may be used in an existing trailer that does not have the pyramid wall portion.

FIG. 211 shows a fully assembled tractor trailer 6700 with the pyramidal wall system. The recessed cover is configurable and can be used without a solar panel or a storage unit such as a battery or capacitor. The recessed cover can also be used on the side of a conventional trailer that does not have a pyramidal wall.

FIG. 212 shows an enlarged view of the back of the wall, showing an independent trailer frame 6710, three wall portions 4990, an enlarged view of the inner surface of the pyramid array 4950, and an upper frame with a socket 4970 and a mounting plug 4980. The walls are made in various sizes and can be glued together to create a complete trailer side. Alternatively, the walls can be made as a single panel with or without connecting or electrical features.

FIG. 213 introduces a cab 6720 and two end transparent indented covers 6730. Other non-limiting embodiments may include solar cell and capacitor / battery end walls.

FIG. 214 introduces two transparent recessed side walls 6740 and one transparent recessed upper wall 6750. These indentation patterns on the wall are configurable and adjusted based on inputs from wind tunnel tests and 3D model simulations such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

FIG. 215 shows a cutout, disassembly and detailed view of some features on the transparent recessed top wall 6750. Included are circular indented panels, flat panels, crescent-shaped indented panels and triangular cavity seals. Combined on top of that are a small aerodynamic "fluke" and a large aerodynamic "fluke". Decomposed from the anterior edge are a row of three small aerodynamic fluke 6760 and three large aerodynamic fluke 6770. To the upper left is a side view showing the outline of the small Fluke 6760 and the large Fluke 6770 behind it. To the right of it is a cut-out view from the rear edge of the panel that emphasizes the crescent-shaped depression 6025. Three large Fluke 6770 are disassembled on it. Their footprints are aligned with respect to crescent-shaped depressions, which in one non-limiting embodiment can be pattern selection based on experimental data.

At the bottom left is a detailed view of the indented upper wall. Of note are the flat cover 6000 and the spherical concave cover 6010, as well as the flat cover triangular cavity seal 6005 and the spherical concave cover triangular cavity seal 6015. In one non-limiting embodiment, these cavity seals are merely end features of the cover configuration, eg, seal 6005 is part of cover 6000 and seal 6015 is part of cover 6010.

FIG. 216 shows a cross-sectional view of a tractor trailer showing a sample of the solar panel / supercapacitor wall. The cutout perpendicular to the cut shows the capacitor and the flower panel wall cell. A transparent cover has been removed to show a more detailed cross section of the capacitor / flower assembly. The rear-to-front end view shows alternating small Fluke 6760 and large Fluke 6770.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the solar panel configuration may be a stacked flower assembly 5700 as shown in the end view. Diagonally below and to the right of it are honeycomb lattice pyramids 6420 as part of the supercapacitor. This shows a cross section of a flower panel / supercapacitor array. On the right is a detailed view of the trailer section. The selection cover has been removed to show the array features (flower 5700 petals and posts, and lattice 6420 honeycomb features).

FIG. 217 shows a front view of the cut tractor trailer. Exploded views of some transparent wall covers reveal asymmetric pyramidal wall cells. Here, the upper side surface is shorter than the lower side surface. For reference, the cab 6720 is shown. Details of the disassembled area of the side panel are shown with some flat covers 6000 removed. Immediately behind it is a sample of an asymmetric panel. In one non-limiting embodiment, a pyramidal configuration 4585 with non-uniform sides (shortened top) is used to best capture incident light from the lower row on the trailer. Panel sides and covers can be customized.

FIG. 218 shows an angled view of a tractor trailer with the pyramid wall system 6700. Customizable aerodynamic features are shown in relation to the entire vehicle.

Sound barriers are designed to reflect, diffuse or absorb sound waves. For over 50 years, noise barriers have been widely used in the United States as highway noise barriers. Residential and commercial development has increased these sound insulation walls. Sound barriers have been used for sound attenuation in concert halls and studios where certain frequencies can be dampened. Sound barriers create an anechoic chamber in the laboratory. The anechoic chamber completely absorbs and isolates all sound waves. Effectiveness, cost, and aesthetics are design factors, and there is most of the trade-off between cost and effectiveness.

In general, the least effective but cheapest wall form is the reflective wall, which can be seen on long, widening highways. Reflective walls are sufficient in rural areas, but generally transmit noise to the area in front of them. Reflective walls competing on both sides can actually increase noise in the area.

Diffusion walls are then most effective, but have a more elaborate shape and can be more costly. Walls with an "S" shape or irregular geometric features fall into this category. Those walls do not just reflect the sound to the other side, but split the sound in front of it.

Absorption walls are generally the most effective and the most expensive. Absorption walls include walls with acoustic foam closed cell foam, pellets, soil and pebbles. Many noise barriers have some combination of all three types of barriers.

The pyramidal wall system is a natural candidate for two of these sound barrier categories, namely diffusion and absorption. Its unique shape reflects and diffuses sound within an array of inverted pyramids.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the H-section steel is fixed on concrete formwork (eg, Sonotubes), which in turn is fixed on footings. A horizontal above-ground horizontal support then provides a base that allows the sonotube / footing combination to be embedded in the ground at intervals between the sonotubes.

Back-to-back walls, such as those shown in FIGS. 168-170, can form independent panels used to create absorption walls. The back-to-back walls slide down between the channels in the H-section steel and start at the start with a row of dummy panels at the bottom. More walls are added until the top has space to hold the weather cap.

The material is then pushed into the "sandwich gap" between the front and rear before the cap is added. This material includes, but is not limited to, spray foam insulating materials, closed cell foams, acoustic foams, and recycled materials including, but not limited to, plastic and wood pulp.

A grid may be printed on the inner surface of one of the independent walls to enhance the reinforcement and the independent walls may be joined later. Plugs and sockets may have drain ports for moisture and heat.

The pyramidal wall can be made by any of the above processes using any of the above materials. In particular, all of the above walls made of composite materials are an order of magnitude lighter than those made of concrete.

A soundproof wall composed of a pyramid wall portion may have an empty pyramid space.

The pyramidal space can have a solar panel on one side, a capacitor / battery combination on the other side, or a hybrid capacitor / solar panel on one side. Electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape and light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the outer surface of the innermost solar panel or on the inner surface of the pyramidal cell for night use. The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. Capacitor / battery combinations can be self-sufficient for these lighting features.

Pyramid walls joined with H-section steel can be joined to form a continuously extending soundproof wall. The soundproof wall portion may be curved. In one non-limiting embodiment, the inverted surface of the pyramid can follow the shape of a curved backing material in an acoustically based design. The curve may be "S" shaped or compound.

The inner surface of the pyramid may be non-uniform or asymmetrical based on acoustic criteria. Solar power standards can also be a factor in shaping the inner pyramidal surface.

FIG. 219 shows an exploded view of the soundproof wall portion 6800. At the bottom of the image on the left, the footing 6820 is ready to be placed underground. The concrete sonotube 6830 is directly above and is embedded in the upper part of the footing 6820. The ground wall support 6840 is located just above the sonotube 6830, and the ends of the ground wall support 6840 just cover the distance between the posts. The H-section steel 6810 is joined onto the sonotube 6830, and reinforcing bars (not shown) are thrust into the sonotube 6830, leading to footing.

The four back-to-back pyramidal walls 5200 are shown above the H-section steel 6810, ready to slide. The lower left detail shows a portion of the dummy panel 5220 at the bottom of the back-to-back pyramidal wall portion 5200. The outer shape of the H-section steel 6810 is shown in its detailed drawing. Above it on the right are details of the pyramid array 4950 (back and front) and the wall cap 6850 ready to secure the pyramid wall portion 5200.

FIG. 220 shows the completed soundproof wall portion 6800. FIG. 221 shows a completed soundproof wall 6800 with a fracture view exposing the closed cell foam 5210 (in one non-limiting embodiment). In other configurations, the insert may be a pellet of plastic, a recyclable material containing plastic, paper / pulp, or concrete. FIG. 222 shows a series of soundproof walls 6900. These segments can have indefinite lengths, curves, or angles, depending on design criteria.

The pyramidal wall system can be applied to structures of various sizes and shapes. They can also form self-contained structures that are used as independent units of various sizes and shapes. They can form arrays of indefinite length. They may use a tracking system or may be fixed. The individual pyramidal cells in the structure may have non-uniform sides and may be of any size and number. The bottom surface of this structure can be a regular polygon or an irregular polygon, and the number of sides is not limited. The sides of the pyramidal wall structure may be flat or curved. The pyramid cells are then modularly joined within the pyramid-shaped frame to create the pyramid wall structure.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the involute surface of the pyramid wall structure exhibits an increase of 119.6% in the surface area of the bottom surface of the pyramid or the entire footprint. In another non-limiting embodiment of the pyramid wall structure, the sides may be removed and only the panel for the bottom surface of the pyramid may be used. Wind skirts may be added around these bases to help keep the panels pressed against the roof during ventilation. Ventilation openings may be added for moisture and heat ventilation.

FIG. 223 shows a stand-alone pyramidal wall structure 7000. It may be a stand-alone unit and can be used at the top of a building or in an array on a solar farm.

FIG. 224 shows an exploded view of the triangular side wall of the pyramidal wall structure. This side wall may have a structure similar to the pyramid wall 4990 described above. However, this side wall has a unique number because it can be divided differently. In this non-limiting embodiment, nine pointed walls 7110, eight and seven tips 7120, six and five tips 7130, four and three tips 7140, and two and One tip 7150 is arranged so as to be joined. The grooved base portion 7210 is directly below and the base 7220 connects to it.

FIG. 225 shows the details of the grooved base portion 7210 and the base portion 7210 to be connected. FIG. 226 shows a triangular side wall 7100 assembled and ready to connect to and on the grooved base portion 7210. FIG. 227 shows two reference views of the triangular side wall 7100 assembled to the grooved base portion 7210 and the base portion 7220 awaiting assembly. FIG. 228 shows an assembly of four bases 7220, one triangular side wall 7100 in one of the four grooved bases 7210, and two frame members 7230 ready to be assembled. In one non-limiting embodiment, these frame members may secure the panel inside the pyramid structure so that the panel edges and sides can be completely exposed to the sun. FIG. 229 shows the completed pyramid wall structure 7000 along with the disassembled cap 7240 on top of the pyramid wall structure.

FIG. 230 shows the entire building with sides covered by a single-sided pyramidal wall 4990 portion. At the top are a base 7220 and a grooved base 7210. FIG. 231 shows a partially assembled pyramidal wall structure 7300. The frame members 7230 are shown disassembled with the cap 7240 immediately above them. The panels can be assembled one row at a time or one side at a time. FIG. 233 shows a fully assembled pyramidal wall structure 7300. In this non-limiting embodiment, four pyramidal wall structures are shown on the roof. These structures are not limited in size, shape or quantity.

FIG. 233 shows the tracking pyramid wall structure 7400. In this non-limiting embodiment, the pyramidal structure can track the sun with two degrees of freedom. The base element 7420 is connected to the swivel element 7410. Element 7410 is movable in one direction, and the pyramid structure can be moved in a second, vertical direction.

In one non-limiting embodiment (not shown), back-to-back wall panels may be used to house the capacitors / batteries inside the pyramid structure. The back-to-back wall panels may be arrayed within the solar farm, and the shape of the individual cells can vary based on the optimal performance of the solar collection.

FIG. 234 shows a flat pyramidal wall structure 7500. In the exploded view above the roof portion, the wind skirt is positioned to be fixed. In this non-limiting embodiment, the panel, sides, base, grooved base frame and cap are replaced with a pyramidal wall 4990 secured by a wall socket (5300) and a positioning template / mounting fixture (5400). The perimeter of these panels is secured by a wind skirt 7510. This helps reduce strain on fasteners and binders by taking advantage of the downward breeze on the building.

FIG. 235 shows a detailed cut-out view of the wind skirt 7510, the skirt vent 7515, and the pyramid wall portion 4990. Similar to any of the above configurations of the pyramidal wall system, electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or light emitting diode (LED) is used with the inverter of this system on either the back of the panel or the inner surface of the pyramid. obtain. The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. A transparent cover for weather and / or air diffusion may be used.

As mentioned above, various embodiments provide methods and devices for creating walls. These walls can then be used to quickly place the pyramidal structure.

The various operations described are purely exemplary and do not imply a particular order. In addition, these operations can be used in any order, as appropriate, or can be partially used. The various operations described as individual steps can be combined into a single operation. In addition, some operations described as individual steps can be split to be performed as multiple steps. As used herein, the terms drawings, figures, images, and processes may be used interchangeably. For example, in some embodiments, the vacuum forming shown in FIG. 3 may be performed in a complete vacuum chamber and the process may vary. In other embodiments, the sheet may be clamped and cut at various steps before the final vacuum forming step and curing occurs. In yet another embodiment, the various diagrams can be rearranged as if they were done as another series of steps.

In one non-limiting embodiment of the sheet formed in the shape of a pyramid, an injection mesh may be placed over the material to wick the resin after the final folding and cutting steps. The mesh is taped along the outside and two plastic connectors can be loosely placed on both sides for a vacuum hose. A slightly oversized vacuum bag (eg, a single-sided sheet of transparent bagging material) can then be placed on top of the material and taped with vacuum bagging tape.

An incision may be formed above each connector. One allows the hose to pull the resin out of the reservoir. The other is to connect the hose attached to the vacuum pump. First, the reservoir can be clamped off to completely bleed air from the bag. Then the hose at the end of the pump can be clamped off as well. After it is determined that there is no leakage, the clamp at the end of the reservoir can be opened and the resin can be drawn through the injection mesh. Both hoses can then be clamped off again. The vacuum formed sheet may be allowed to cure over the next 24 hours to create the finished enclosure.

One embodiment implements a method of collecting and storing solar energy using pyramidal cavities and related elements in a unique unit or array. This method utilizes the reflectance between the panels to maintain the same power output as when laid flat. As a result, it can be installed in a place where the mounting area is limited. The angle of each side surface with respect to the bottom surface of the pyramid is in the range of 5 ° to 85 °. The base or "footprint" of these pyramids may be regular or irregular polygons such as diamond or rhombus. However, the number of sides is not limited and the sides of the pyramid may be non-uniform. Areas with limited access to sunlight may have non-uniform sides in order to best capture incident light.

Inverted pyramids increase efficiency as their sides are separated from the building surface, allowing natural airflow to cool the cell and reducing heat. The pyramid wall system is not limited by the number of pyramid "cells" or "modules", and the cells or modules are scalable.

Another embodiment implements a method for arranging solar panels. The solar panels may be assembled flat, hinged and create a cross-shaped pattern that is glued or snap-fitted to the inner surface of the pyramid. The solar panel may be flexible, formed as a flat pattern of cruciforms, "4D" folded into a pyramid shape and glued or fitted to the inner surface of the pyramid. The solar panel may be single-sided or double-sided, and may be produced by conventional manufacturing methods or 3D printing. Solar panels can be transparent in the visible spectrum and can be made from inorganic materials such as perovskite or organic salts. Solar panels can use graphene or equivalent superconducting materials to create transparent nanowires or to cover conventional electrical contacts. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, a honeycomb shape to increase contact surface area and efficiency. The panel and its contacts can be made by conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printed with conductive materials, or a combination of the two.

The solar panel may be secured to a mounting post that provides a conductive path through the central position. The mounting post wiring layer may include embedded wire / overmolded wire. The mounting post wiring layer may accommodate a molded, machined, or 3D printed channel or conduit with inserted leads to create the wiring layer. The layer may have 3D printed conductive leads. The channels or conduits in the mounting posts may be sprayed or electroplated with a conductive material or a superconducting material such as graphene or equivalent. They can be coated with conductive gels or superconducting gels.

The wiring layers may be manufactured in any combination described herein and stacked for multiple sets of panels. The mounting post body may be extended with additional slots to allow stacking of multiple panel arrays. Panels that are transparent to visible light (or specific wavelengths) may be stacked in a pyramidal space, and each layer is arranged to absorb a specific range of wavelengths. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other. The panel layers may be staggered and offset, like rose petals.

The panel may have a transparent outer surface that acts as any type of conventional single lens, lenticular lens or Fresnel lens. These lenses can be of various shapes and can have a variety of purposes, including focusing, defocusing, and turning light.

A panel that is transparent or translucent to visible light can have an outer surface covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. This is for nighttime use when transparent cells are used. These illuminated surfaces will be self-sustaining, drawing power through an inverter connected to a storage unit such as a supercapacitor and / or battery in the pyramidal wall module. Electroluminescence can be powered by capacitors or solar panels.

In a further embodiment, a wall portion vacuum formed on a mold using a composite sheet is realized. These walls can range from small modular "A" and "B" fittings to full wall panels. The walls can be manufactured by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). (One ultrafast additive process adapted for full production uses SLA resin and / or SLA that is cured with oxygen and UV light. The walls are engraved carbon fibers with a thermoplastic substrate. , Or continuous strands of fibers with a thermoplastic substrate may be used for FFF / FDM3D printing. The engraved carbon fibers and the thermoplastic substrate are in the form of pellets, filaments, or a combination thereof. obtain.

The pyramidal wall system may be partially or wholly FFF / FDM3D printed by an extruder on a robotic arm that allows non-orthogonal movement to match the shape of the cross section and accelerate the manufacturing process. The robot arm may move in individual or multiple units on conventional linear rails or linear gantry systems. Robotic arms can also be moved in curvilinear motion, and individual or multiple arms can be moved independently or on a compound curvilinear track. The production system can use a combination of robotic arms as well as an extruder on the gantry as in the case of conventional FFF or FDM printing.

Molds or molds for composite wrapping can be 3D printed using additive manufacturing processes such as FFF, FDM, SLA, SLS, or DMLS. The mold can be made using a CNC milling machine or an external shape processing machine. Molds can be made by pouring various materials (including but not limited to plastic and concrete) between the back-to-back walls.

The pyramidal wall can be made from a vacuum-formed thermoplastic sheet, or can be injection-molded or rotom-molded.

The walls can be printed flat with living hinges so that they can be stacked for storage and transportation and transformed into a neat shape either manually or with external stimuli.

Alternative materials for wrapping include fiberglass and Kevlar. Alternative materials for FFF / FDM 3D printing include fiberglass and Kevlar (strands or carved), thermoplastics (alone), concrete, cement, wood pulp, composite wood with binders, and recyclable materials. included. These materials can be supplied as pellets, filaments, or a combination thereof and extruded through a 3D printer nozzle. Alternative materials for various forming processes include wood pulp / composite wood, recyclable materials (including plastics) and composite embedded thermoplastics, cement or concrete.

The walls may be machined or cut out from plastic or wood.

The wall may be made of sheet metal.

Any of the components in the pyramidal wall system can be manufactured entirely or can be manufactured entirely using any of the processes described herein.

Another embodiment implements a method of joining pyramidal walls back to back. In the independent part, the separate walls can be connected back to back with fasteners. The post and socket axes may be aligned when the post is socketed so that it is fixed. The socket may instead have a semi-circular notch to allow the post to slide in.

These independent portions have a space that can be filled with closed cell foam or pellets or cement of various materials (including recycled plastic or paper). This filler can be used for insulation, sound absorption or both. A 3D printed grid can be inserted between the portions and reinforced with a material such as closed cell foam. The grid may be printed on the inner surface of one of the independent walls and the independent walls may be joined later.

Plugs and sockets may have aligned drain ports for moisture and heat.

A further embodiment implements a method of connecting a single-sided pyramidal wall to the wall. The single-sided pyramidal walls form an electrical hub connecting the solar panel leads to their central posts. The hub then connects to a cavity in a wall socket attached to a wall or support surface. Fasteners protrude from a hub that is secured to an embedded, threaded insert in the cavity of the wall socket. The cavity has electrical contacts that then draw power from the hub and transmit it to a wire harness or electrical conduit in a positioning template / mounting fixture. The cutout portion in the positioning template / mounting fixture has the same outer shape as the wall socket. The notch in the cutout portion provides a relief for the contact nipple of the wall socket.

The positioning template / mounting fixture can also be used as a temporary mounting template to align the wall socket before fixing or adhering the wall socket to the wall. The template itself may not have electrical conduits or embedded wiring. The above template is for aligning wall sockets and will then be removed.

As a permanent mounting fixture, the positioning template / mounting fixture may or may not have electrical conduits or embedded wiring. The positioning template / mounting fixture may be fully supported by the socket after the socket has been fixed or glued to the wall. The positioning template / mounting fixture may be independently fixed or glued to provide additional support for the pyramidal wall.

The wall sockets and positioning templates / mounting fixtures can be molded by a variety of methods, including machining, cutting, laser cutting, water cutting, or injection molding. They may be formed by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS).

The electrical contacts in the wall socket and the conduits in the positioning template / mounting fixture may be paths for insulated wiring, overmolded wires, or 3D printed with conductive material. .. The conduit may be coated with a superconducting material such as graphene or an equivalent and / or may be filled with a superconducting gel or any combination thereof.

The wall socket and the positioning / mounting template as permanent fixtures may have mounting holes so that they can be secured to the mounting surface. They may be immobilized with a binding compound, or a combination thereof.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the pyramid wall system is a pyramid to position a layer of translucent or transparent cells / panels to absorb specific wavelengths of visible and / or invisible light. You can use the space in the space. The first layer of solar panels may be single-sided or double-sided and is secured to the inner surface of the pyramid housing. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to create transparent nanowires or to cover conventional electrical contacts. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, a honeycomb shape to increase contact surface area and efficiency.

Both the first and subsequent panel layers can be transparent in the visible spectrum and can be made from inorganic materials such as perovskite or organic salts. The panel layers can be stacked like flower petals around a post or "stem". The stack may be flat, forming sides of an offset pyramid around the stem, or the sides may be curved like rose petals and / or overlap. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other. The panel layers may be staggered and offset, like rose petals. The individual panels may be divided into two or more parts and arranged independently.

The panel layer may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

The panel layer may be created using conventional manufacturing methods or by laminating molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

The panel and its contacts can be made by conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printed with conductive materials, or a combination of the two. The solar panel may be secured to a mounting post that provides a conductive path through the central position. The mounting post may be manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods such as injection molding, may be 3D printed by any of the various methods described above, or may be manufactured in combination thereof.

The conductive path constituting the mounting post wiring layer may include embedded wire / overmolded wire. The mounting post wiring layer may accommodate a molded, machined, or 3D printed channel or conduit with inserted leads to create the wiring layer. The layer may have 3D printed conductive leads. The channels or conduits in the mounting posts may be sprayed or electroplated with a conductive material or a superconducting material such as graphene or equivalent. They can be coated with conductive gels or superconducting gels.

In one non-limiting embodiment, a transparent superconducting capacitor can be used between the transparent cell layers for storage.

The cross panel / flower assembly can have a mounting / flower post assembly capable of stacking multiple sets of panels. The flower post connection can be used to stabilize and secure the panel within the pyramidal wall cavity. The flower post assembly includes the post base or hub, post body, mounting fasteners, and access cap. In one non-limiting embodiment, the flower post assembly is used to attach the solar array to a pyramidal wall and also to a wall socket. It may be coated for reflectance and may include electrical paths or conduits that can be overmolded, inserted, or 3D printed with electrical leads. The flower post assembly may have an outer shape different from the diamond shape shown, such as circular, elliptical, or any regular or irregular polygon. It may also be tapered or scaled differently to constitute a spatial limitation. The hub of the flower post is below the post body with mounting fasteners in place in the countersunk holes of the body. Panel recesses along the outside of the body of the post position different levels of panels. The snap-fit socket allows the snap-fit on the access cap to secure the access cap in place and protect the fasteners. The access cap recess allows tool access for easy removal.

The first level wiring is connected to the cross panel hinge. Negative and positive leads are connected through the mounting hub. Multi-level wiring connects multiple levels of stacked panels.

The finished flower assembly can be folded into a pyramidal shape and the outer surface of the flower assembly can be covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. The panel may be transparent or translucent for different wavelengths, depending on the electroluminescence coating or LED requirements.

In another non-limiting embodiment, each panel may form a single flat layer around the mounting post. There, the exposed surface of each panel is parallel to the footprint of the pyramid. Each layer may be curved and concentrically nested around the mounting post. The layers may be evenly spaced along the mounting posts or may be spaced differently apart. The layers may be angled independently of each other or in any combination thereof.

Tabs with electrical contacts may be secured within the mounting post slots, or the exposed edges of those tabs may be secured to connect to leads on the solar panel. The tabs may be secured with fasteners, snap fits, binders, or any combination thereof.

The panel may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

In this non-limiting embodiment, the first layer horizontal panel has an exposed surface placed parallel to the bottom surface or footprint of the pyramid. The edge of the clearance hole in the horizontal panel will be located just above the panel recess of the flower post. The connection tab fits into the recess so that it is glued or secured to the first layer horizontal panel. It is also possible to assemble the subsequent panels first and work towards the top. The first mounted on top of the cross panel may be the bottom panel with connection tabs. Consecutive layers are assembled up to the top panel and its connection tabs. The flower assembly is then folded into a pyramid shape and the outer surface of the flower assembly is covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LED.

In some non-limiting embodiments, a transparent cover can be used for various purposes within the pyramidal wall system described above. Transparent covers can be used for weather protection, to provide an aerodynamic surface, or to assist in the collection or dispersion of light. The shape of the cover may be flat, recessed, or protruding, and may have various shapes. The cover can cover individual cells, small panels, or large arrays. The cover may be uniform or mixed, depending on the application.

The cover can be made from a number of different materials that are transparent to visible and invisible light of various wavelengths. Examples of these materials include, but are not limited to, glass, transparent polymers, transparent inorganic polymers, transparent epoxy resins, transparent ceramics, and combinations thereof. These materials can be treated with a clear silica coating, clear epoxy or clear nano-coating for protection.

Covers that form a protective barrier for solar panels can also provide protection against structures in windy areas. Covers can reduce resistance when used to shield solar panels on moving vehicles. Data from computer analyzes such as wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will determine the specific shape of the cover segments, as well as the placement of these segments on large arrays.

Since the pyramidal wall system can be exposed to harsh weather conditions, it is possible to introduce moisture and thermal ventilation ports into various components of the wall. These components may include side walls, edge corners, posts and mounting sockets on the pyramidal wall, and corners and edges on the cover.

The cover can perform dual functions as a transparent solar cell in the visible spectrum and can be made from an inorganic material such as perovskite or organic salt. They may use graphene or an equivalent superconducting material to create transparent nanowires or to cover conventional electrical contacts. The panel contacts can be arranged in a dense geometric pattern, such as, but not limited to, a honeycomb shape to increase contact surface area and efficiency.

The cover can function as any type of conventional single lens, lenticular lens or Fresnel lens. These lenses can be of various shapes and can have a variety of purposes, including focusing, defocusing, and turning light. In one non-limiting embodiment, the solar cell cover may have a gradient wave pattern refraction stage.

The cover may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

Covers can be created as individual units for individual pyramidal cells. The cover can be created as a small modular part or a complete panel. The modular portion or complete panel may have custom shaped areas for anchoring on individual pyramidal cells with additional separation features for individual units. In this way, only the damaged unit needs to be replaced.

The cover can be made by conventional methods used to produce clear plastic sheets including extrusion, casting, inflation film, injection molding and thermoforming. The cuts may be designed as molded features or may be added in a secondary manufacturing process such as water jet cutting, laser trimming, or cutting blades.

The cover can also be manufactured by laminated molding, also known as 3D printing. They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

Cuts in 3D printed parts may be created as design features using a single material. Further, the cut portion may be formed from the groove / cavity created after the removal of the 3D printing support material. Alternatively, the cutting section may be added as a secondary manufacturing process such as water jet cutting, laser trimming, or cutting blades.

The cover can be used on a horizontal petal setup with or without posts. Moreover, these covers can be used in any of the variants of the solar panel, as well as in the combination of capacitors and batteries.

The access cap for the flower post may be truncated for clearance based on the shape of the cover. The center screw can be used to secure the cover with snap-fit features at the corners.

There are many variants of the cover for a single pyramid cell. Some non-limiting embodiments include a flat cover, a spherical concave cover, an elliptical concave cover, a teardrop concave cover, a spherical concave cover with a lens, a spherical convex cover, an elliptical convex cover and a teardrop convex. It is shown to include an elliptical cover. The features of the lens are not limited to the spherical concave deformation examples, and are not limited to any of the deformation examples in these figures. The lens shape may be an arbitrary modification of a conventional single lens or a Fresnel lens. The material of any of the above covers can be an optically transparent compound, a transparent solar cell, a transparent capacitor, or any combination thereof.

In another non-limiting embodiment, an alternative version of the horizontal stacking flower removes the stacking mounting post. As a result, the structure of the panel can be simplified and the surface area exposed to light can be increased. The panel layers may be flat and parallel to each other, or flat and independently oriented / angled / positioned. The panel layer may be curved to form any geometric or non-geometric shape. The panel layers may be concentrically nested or may be oriented / angled / positioned independently of each other.

The panel layer may be coated with an antireflection compound and / or a polarizing compound.

The corners of the panel may provide electrical contacts through leads along the inner edges of the pyramidal cells or through the edges between the sides of the folded cross panel. A simplified version of the truncated mounting post is capable of drawing current from the inner edge lead to a central position (not shown).

Stacked flowers without posts have nested panels press-fitted onto the sides of the cross panel. The electrical contacts can be at the outer corners of the horizontal panel, which have edges of the cross panel that provide a series connection. The cross panel may have a groove feature on the inner surface to hold the horizontal panel when folded in place, or the cross panel may be glued, or a combination of the two. It may be. The panel may be flat or curved, may be arranged in the pyramid cavity in various directions, and may not necessarily be parallel to the footprint / bottom surface of the pyramid. The hub base is used to support the cross panel hinge. The hub body provides a wiring path and support for hinge contacts as in any other design. The hub body has a low profile because it is not used to support the petals. The mounting fasteners connect through the hub body, which has a countersunk through hole for positioning the hub body.

The electrical leads from the wiring path are connected through the hub base. The hub base nests the hub body and mounting fasteners, and the internal wiring leads are connected to hinge contacts.

The back surface of the cross panel may be covered with electroluminescence paint, electroluminescence tape or LED.

Supercapacitors are designed for fast charging, but batteries are designed to provide long-term energy. Super capacitors, also called "ultra capacitors," are lightweight and have high power density. This means that the supercapacitor can be charged and discharged within a fraction of a second to a few minutes. Supercapacitors have maintained high efficiency over many years, millions of cycles, and over a wide range of temperatures, but are expensive and have limited storage capacity. On the contrary, a battery has a high energy density and can be charged and discharged for several minutes to several hours. Batteries are cheaper than supercapacitors and have a large storage capacity. However, the cycle life of the battery is much shorter. In addition, the operating temperature of the battery is limited, and the battery deteriorates rapidly under heavy loads such as intermittent solar power. By shifting the load spikes to supercapacitors, battery life can be extended. And as the storage capacity of supercapacitors increases, it will complement batteries in applications such as electric vehicles and significantly increase charging times.

Since the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor is directly related to the surface area of the electrodes of the capacitor, high-density lamination of the honeycomb layer was introduced as a method of increasing the amount of energy storage. The density and number of layers in the supercapacitor can vary. These layers are coated with graphene, or equivalent nanoparticles, to create additional surface areas. This results in higher storage capacity. The pattern of the electrodes is not necessarily a honeycomb, but may be an array of any shape. Also, the pattern on each layer can be combined with the pattern on subsequent layers to create a particular 3D shape for optimum surface area. The layer is not limited to being parallel to the bottom / footprint of the pyramid. Also, the layers are not limited to being parallel to each other or flat. The layer may be curved.

The superconducting gel electrolyte is introduced between layers that increase the energy density and extends the discharge time to match the discharge time of the battery. Until the advent of laminated molding, also known as 3D printing, the complex shapes of these supercapacitors were either not easily feasible or were exorbitantly expensive. As the speed of this process increases, parts can go directly from prototype to manufacturing, further reducing costs.

They include Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Powder Baking. Partially or wholly may be made by certain 3D printing methods such as Fused Deposition Modeling (SLS) and Direct Metal Laser Suction (DMLS). In one non-limiting embodiment, the process of curing the SLA resin with oxygen and UV light increases the printing speed from 25x to 100x. This ultrafast additive method is suitable for full production.

Supercapacitor layers can be made using chemically etched metal plates or foils to increase surface area / capacitance.

Traditional manufacturing methods such as injection molding, thermoforming, or blow molding can be used for various components within the capacitor cell. To create these components, conventional manufacturing methods can be used in combination with 3D printing.

If space, weight, and / or cost constraints are available, an alternative hybrid configuration that combines a supercapacitor layer and a solar panel layer within a single pyramid cell may be used. The lower part of the pyramid space will function as a capacitor and the upper part will be for solar panels. Other non-limiting configurations may use batteries instead of capacitors in the same space.

NOTE: Batteries may replace or complement capacitor storage in any of various embodiments.

The components of the supercapacitor cell include a cell cover, a honeycomb lattice pyramid, a supercapacitor casing, and a supercapacitor connection rack. The electrical contacts include: positive series posts, positive electrical leads, negative series posts, and negative electrical leads. The posts provide a series connection to each of the honeycomb layers, depending on the charge on the honeycomb layers. The positive and negative leads will connect to posts on the supercapacitor casing that snap fit into the supercapacitor connection rack. The rack has internal wiring that draws current into two unique lead wires that are snap-fitted to the socket of the pyramid wall body. Then, these lead wires are connected to the conductive element in the birdbone frame on the pyramid wall portion.

In one non-limiting embodiment, a plurality of positive honeycomb layers are combined with a negative honeycomb layer to complete a honeycomb lattice pyramid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the modules are turned upside down and connected to the same module. In other non-limiting embodiments, the contralateral portion may be a pyramidal wall panel. The wall may include a hybrid supercapacitor / postless flower panel cell with multiple versions of the solar panel and cover therein. This configuration allows for solar collection and storage on single-sided pyramidal walls in vertical space or in depth or weight limited applications. Other configurations may include horizontal stacked flowers, conventional flowers, or any combination thereof.

If space, weight, and / or cost constraints are available, an alternative hybrid configuration that combines a supercapacitor layer and a solar panel layer within a single pyramid cell may be used. The lower part of the pyramid space will function as a capacitor and the upper part will be for solar panels.

This configuration allows for solar collection and storage on a single-sided pyramidal wall. This can be applied when vertical space or depth or weight is limited.

Other non-limiting configurations may use batteries instead of capacitors in the same space.

In yet another embodiment, the pyramidal wall system is applied to both mobile equipment and the trucking industry. Movable setups may be deployed for emergency power supplies or shelters in remote areas, and the container may be formed from pyramidal walls hinged with one or more segments. The pyramidal wall can spread to follow the sun or form a fixed structure. In the trucking industry, tractor trailers and other vehicles can use the pyramid wall system to partially or wholly compensate for fuel costs. The tractor trailer will benefit from several features of the above pyramidal wall system, including but not limited to:
1) Its unique shape results in increased rigidity and strength compared to conventional walls and roofs of the same size. This intensity can be enhanced with a birdbone grid frame.

2) The configuration of the solar panels within this shape results in increased energy acquisition compared to panels laid flat on the same footprint.

3) The ability to quickly charge advanced supercapacitors reduces the time required at refueling bases, while supercapacitor / battery combinations control power for hybrid or fully electric vehicles. Allows discharge.

4) Drag reduction from the recessed cover allows for at least 11% annual fuel cost savings. Additional features such as Fluke can further reduce drag.

5) The pyramidal wall system can supply power to the refrigerating unit, while the inside of the closed cell of the wall sandwich can provide insulation.

6) Electroluminescence paints, electroluminescence tapes or light emitting diodes (LEDs) can provide nocturnal illumination and / or signals through panels and / or flukes. The LEDs may be individual components within the array, ribbon or sheet. LEDs can also use this lighting feature to enhance signal transmission. The low power consumption of the LED allows it to be drawn from the capacitor-battery portion of the pyramidal wall system without an external source. The light emitting layer can cover the back surface of the final layer of the panel or the inner surface of the pyramid. In one non-limiting embodiment, the top surface of the pyramid on the side surface of the trailer may be coated for downward illumination.

7) The side surface of the container may be modified to accommodate the pyramid wall portion, or may be constructed using the pyramid wall portion as a material. The sides of the container may include single-sided wall panels containing either solar cells or any combination of solar panels-capacitors.

8) The pyramid wall portion may have a transparent cover for rain protection and various recessed shapes. These covers can form side panels that are independently positioned and have a shape configured for maximum drag reduction. Some covers may have either conventional Fresnel or lenticular based on the single lens property, i.e., the position of the pyramidal cell. In addition, pyramidal cavities can have non-uniform sides to achieve maximum possible solar collection based on their location within the wall. The covers may be individually formed or may be made in the form of a complete side wall sheet. Post-treatment is then performed to allow replacement of individual parts in the event of damage or reconstruction. The cover may have drag-reducing "Flukes" at the front and trailing edges. These fluke may be formed individually or in the form of a complete replaceable side wall sheet. The drag reduction cover may be used in existing trailers that do not have the other features of the pyramidal wall.

For a fully assembled tractor trailer with the pyramidal wall system, a recessed cover is configurable and can be used without a solar panel or a storage unit such as a battery or capacitor. The recessed cover can also be used on the side of a conventional trailer that does not have a pyramidal wall. In one non-limiting embodiment, an independent trailer frame, three walls of trailer length, and two walls fitted at both ends of the trailer are assembled. The walls are made in various sizes and can be glued together to create a complete trailer side. Alternatively, the walls can be made as a single panel with or without connecting or electrical features. Two side transparent indented covers, one top transparent indented cover, and two both end transparent indented covers are added. These indentation patterns on the wall are configurable and optimized based on inputs from wind tunnel tests and 3D model simulations such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Also, the size, shape and placement of the aerodynamic fluke along the front and trailing edges of the trailer can be configured based on the intended use. Their footprints can be aligned with respect to the indentation, which in one non-limiting embodiment can be a pattern selection based on experimental data. Triangular cavity seals for covers of various shapes fill the outer shape of the trailer edge. In one non-limiting embodiment, these cavity seals are a feature of the cover configuration.

In one non-limiting embodiment, a pyramidal configuration with non-uniform sides (eg, shortened top) can be used to capture incident light from the lower row on the trailer. is there. You can also customize the side of the panel and the cover.

Any of the described operations that form part of the currently disclosed embodiments can be useful mechanical operations. Various embodiments also relate to devices or devices for performing these operations. The device can be specially configured for the required purpose. Alternatively, the device may be a general purpose computer that is selectively operated or configured by a computer program stored in the computer. In particular, various general purpose machines using one or more processors coupled to one or more computer-readable media can be used with computer programs written according to the teachings herein. Alternatively, it may be more convenient to configure a more specialized device to perform the required operation.

The above description has been directed to a particular embodiment. However, the described embodiments may be modified and modified to achieve some or all of their advantages. Modifications to the systems and methods described above can be made without departing from the concepts disclosed herein. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered limited by the disclosed embodiments. In addition, the various features of the described embodiments may be used without the other features being used in correspondence. Therefore, this description is not intended to limit the invention and should be read merely as an example of various principles.

Claims (32)

With the mounting post,
At least three triangular panels, each with a solar panel that is responsive to the first spectrum of light and transparent to the second spectrum of light.
A solar panel assembly with at least three hinges.
For each triangular panel, a corresponding hinge connects the respective triangular panel to the mounting post.
The solar panel assembly, wherein the at least three triangular panels are configured to vary between a flat configuration and an inverted pyramid configuration. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein the hinge is one of a ball socket hinge and a living hinge. The solar panel assembly of claim 1, wherein each triangular panel is configured to adhere or snap fit into a pyramidal cavity. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein each triangular panel is one of a single-sided panel and a double-sided panel. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second spectrum of light is in the visible spectrum region of light. The solar panel assembly of claim 1, wherein each triangular panel comprises nanowires forming contacts along the entire and edges of the triangular panel. The solar panel assembly according to claim 6, wherein the nanowire comprises at least one of graphene and a superconducting material. The solar panel assembly according to claim 6, wherein the nanowires and the contacts are transparent. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein each triangular panel has a geometric pattern of contacts. The solar panel assembly according to claim 9, wherein the geometric pattern of the contacts is a honeycomb pattern. The solar panel assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting post comprises a wiring layer that provides a conductive path. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein at least the three hinges are ball socket hinges having a socket connector and a ball connector, and the mounting post comprises a socket connector. The at least three triangular panels form a first solar panel layer, the solar panel assembly further comprises at least one additional solar panel layer, and each of the at least one additional solar panel layer corresponds to light. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, which responds to the spectrum. 13. The solar panel assembly according to claim 13, wherein each solar panel layer reacts to different spectra of light. 13. The solar panel assembly according to claim 13, wherein the mounting post has a plurality of slots configured to hold individual solar panels in the at least one additional solar panel layer. The solar panel assembly according to claim 13, wherein the first solar panel layer and the at least one additional solar panel layer are one of a flat panel layer and a curved panel layer. 13. The solar panel assembly according to claim 13, wherein the first solar panel layer and the at least one additional solar panel layer are parallel to each other. 13. The solar panel assembly according to claim 13, wherein the first solar panel layer and the at least one additional solar panel layer are staggered and offset from each other. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein the inverted pyramid configuration defines a footprint, which is one of a regular polygon, a non-regular polygon, a diamond shape, and a rhombus. The solar panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein the at least three triangular panels are uniform or non-uniform with each other. The solar panel according to claim 1, wherein the at least three triangular panels include four triangular panels, and the inverted pyramid configuration defines one of a square footprint and a diamond-shaped footprint. assembly. The solar panel assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting post comprises a reflective cap. A shell that defines multiple pyramidal shapes, each of which has at least three triangular sides,
A wall portion comprising at least one solar panel assembly according to claim 1, arranged in a corresponding pyramidal shape.
A wall portion where the angle of the side surface of the at least three triangles with respect to the bottom surface is in the range of 5 ° to 85 °. The wall portion according to claim 23, further comprising a light emitting layer on the shell within the plurality of pyramid shapes. 24. The wall of claim 24, wherein the light emitting layer comprises at least one of an electroluminescence paint, an electroluminescence tape, an array of light emitting diodes, and a ribbon of light emitting diodes. 23. The wall portion of claim 23, further comprising a reflective layer on the shell within the plurality of pyramidal shapes. 23. The wall according to claim 23, further comprising at least one lens surrounding the plurality of pyramidal shapes. 27. The wall of claim 27, wherein the at least one lens comprises at least one of a flat, transparent surface, a lenticular lens, and a Fresnel lens. 27. The wall of claim 27, wherein the at least one lens has at least one recess on the outer surface. With the mounting post,
At least three triangular panels, each with a solar panel that is responsive to the first spectrum of light and transparent to the second spectrum of light.
A solar panel assembly with energy storage components
The energy storage component and at least three triangular panels define an inverted pyramid configuration, and the energy storage component in the first portion of the inverted pyramid configuration and the at least three outward portions in the second outward portion of the inverted pyramid configuration. Triangular panel, solar panel assembly. 30. The solar panel assembly of claim 30, wherein the energy storage component comprises at least one of a supercapacitor, a capacitor and a battery. 30. The solar panel assembly of claim 30, wherein the at least three triangular panels are configured to provide energy to the energy storage component.

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