JP2021197504A - Reactor - Google Patents

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JP2021197504A
JP2021197504A JP2020104499A JP2020104499A JP2021197504A JP 2021197504 A JP2021197504 A JP 2021197504A JP 2020104499 A JP2020104499 A JP 2020104499A JP 2020104499 A JP2020104499 A JP 2020104499A JP 2021197504 A JP2021197504 A JP 2021197504A
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core
core material
reactor
central leg
converter
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JP7391776B2 (en
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悠暉 和田
Yuki Wada
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Aisan Industry Co Ltd
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Aisan Industry Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

To suppress a performance as a core from deteriorating even when a high frequency alternating magnetic flux is generated, and operate a reactor even at a high frequency.SOLUTION: A reactor 12 includes a core 30 with a central leg 36 and at least two outer legs, and windings 14 and 16 wound around the respective outer legs 32 and 34, and the outer peripheral portion 38 of the core 30 excluding the central leg portion 36 is formed of a first core material, the central leg 36 is formed of a second core material, and the second core material is a material having a frequency characteristic in which magnetic permeability on a high frequency side gradually decreases as compared with the first core material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本技術はＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータなどの電力変換装置に用いることのできるリアクトルに関するものである。 The present technology relates to a reactor that can be used in a power conversion device such as a DC-DC converter.

直流電源に接続されて電圧を変換するために利用されるＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータは、リアクトルとスイッチを用い、電力を磁束として蓄えたり放出したりすることにより昇圧または降圧を行う。例えば、特開２０１２−０６５４５３号公報には、ハイブリッド車両の電源回路として用いることのできるコンバータが開示されている。この公報のコンバータは、特に、磁気結合リアクトルを用いた二相コンバータである。二相コンバータは二つのコイル（インダクタ）を用い、それぞれのコイルにはスイッチングによって位相のずれた交流成分を含む電流が流れる。また、磁気結合リアクトルはこの二つのコイルを三つの脚部をもつ磁性体コアで磁気的に結合したものである。各コイルは外側脚部に磁束の向きが互いに対向するように巻かれる。すなわち、各コイルによって発生した磁束は共通の中央脚部を同じ向きに通る。 A DC-DC converter connected to a DC power source and used to convert a voltage uses a reactor and a switch to step up or down by storing or discharging electric power as a magnetic flux. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-006453 discloses a converter that can be used as a power supply circuit for a hybrid vehicle. The converter of this publication is, in particular, a two-phase converter using a magnetically coupled reactor. The two-phase converter uses two coils (inductors), and a current containing an AC component that is out of phase due to switching flows through each coil. The magnetic coupling reactor is a magnetic coupling of these two coils with a magnetic core having three legs. Each coil is wound around the outer leg so that the directions of the magnetic fluxes face each other. That is, the magnetic flux generated by each coil passes through the common central leg in the same direction.

特開２０１２−０６５４５３号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-006453

上記公報の磁気結合リアクトルは高周波の交番磁界で動作する際の問題が考慮されていない。特に、上記公報のような多相コンバータでは、相の数をｎとすると、中央脚部には原理的にスイッチング周波数のｎ倍の周波数をもった高周波の交番磁束が現れる。Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料は高周波側で透磁率が落ちにくい材料であるが、同時にコア損失が大きいため、単純にこの材料でコア全体を製造することには問題がある。このように、周波数の高い交番磁束が発生してもコアとしての性能が低下するのを抑制して、リアクトルを高周波でも動作可能なものとすることが望まれる。 The magnetic coupling reactor of the above publication does not consider the problem when operating in a high frequency alternating magnetic field. In particular, in a polyphase converter as described above, assuming that the number of phases is n, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field having a frequency n times the switching frequency appears in the central leg in principle. The Ni—Zn-based ferrite material is a material whose magnetic permeability does not easily decrease on the high frequency side, but at the same time, since the core loss is large, there is a problem in simply manufacturing the entire core with this material. As described above, it is desired that the reactor can be operated even at a high frequency by suppressing the deterioration of the performance as a core even if a high frequency alternating magnetic flux is generated.

本技術のひとつの態様は、リアクトルであって、中央脚部と少なくとも二つの外側脚部とを有するコアと、各外側脚部に巻かれた巻線とを備えており、前記コアのうち前記中央脚部を除いた外周部分は前記第１コア材料で形成されており、前記中央脚部は第２コア材料で形成されており、前記第２コア材料は前記第１コア材料よりも高周波数側での透磁率の低下が緩やかな周波数特性を有する材料である。これにより、中央脚部で外側脚部よりも周波数の高い交番磁束が発生してもコアとしての性能の低下を抑制することができる。 One aspect of the present invention is a reactor comprising a core having a central leg and at least two outer legs, and a winding wound around each outer leg, of the core said above. The outer peripheral portion excluding the central leg portion is formed of the first core material, the central leg portion is formed of the second core material, and the second core material has a higher frequency than the first core material. It is a material having a frequency characteristic in which the decrease in magnetic permeability on the side is gradual. As a result, even if an alternating magnetic flux having a higher frequency than that of the outer leg is generated in the central leg, deterioration of the performance as a core can be suppressed.

実施形態によっては、前記第１コア材料がＭｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料であり、前記第２コア材料がＮｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料である。これにより、外周部分のコア損失を低減しつつ、中央脚部の周波数特性をより良好なものにすることができる。 Depending on the embodiment, the first core material is a Mn—Zn-based ferrite material, and the second core material is a Ni—Zn-based ferrite material. This makes it possible to improve the frequency characteristics of the central leg while reducing the core loss of the outer peripheral portion.

ひとつの実施形態としての磁気結合リアクトルを備えたＤＣ−ＤＣ降圧コンバータの電気回路図である。It is an electric circuit diagram of the DC-DC step-down converter provided with the magnetic coupling reactor as one embodiment. ひとつの実施形態として中央脚部と外周部分を異なる種類のコア材料で形成した磁気結合リアクトルの斜視図である。As one embodiment, it is a perspective view of a magnetically coupled reactor in which the central leg portion and the outer peripheral portion are formed of different types of core materials. スイッチングのタイミングに対するコイルの巻線電流とコアの磁束の変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change of the winding current of a coil and the magnetic flux of a core with respect to the switching timing.

以下、本技術の各種実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。なお以下の実施形態のうち実質的な差異がない部分については類似の符号を付して説明の繰り返しを避ける。 Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present technology will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the parts of the following embodiments that do not have a substantial difference are designated by similar reference numerals to avoid repeating the description.

〔コンバータ〕
図１は、一つの実施形態として、リアクトル１２を備えたＤＣ−ＤＣ降圧コンバータ１０の回路図である。以下ではコンバータ１０は二相降圧コンバータであるとして説明するが、本願で説明する特徴は、昇圧コンバータ、昇降圧コンバータや、三相以上の多相コンバータなど、同様の構成を有する種々の電力変換装置にも適用できる。コンバータ１０は入力側において図示しない直流電源に接続されてスイッチング電源を構成し、入力電圧Ｖiを出力電圧Ｖoに変換する。直流電源は例えば再充電可能な二次電池や大容量のキャパシタとすることができる。コンバータ１０の出力側には負荷が接続される。例えばコンバータ１０はインバータと組み合わせることにより交流モータのための電源回路として用いることができる。交流モータは例えばハイブリッド自動車や電気自動車などの電動車両に搭載し、車輪を駆動するために用いることができる。 〔converter〕
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a DC-DC step-down converter 10 including a reactor 12 as one embodiment. Hereinafter, the converter 10 will be described as a two-phase buck converter, but the features described in the present application are various power conversion devices having similar configurations such as a boost converter, a buck-boost converter, and a three-phase or more multi-phase converter. Can also be applied to. The converter 10 is connected to a DC power supply (not shown) on the input side to form a switching power supply, and converts the input voltage V i into the output voltage V o. The DC power source can be, for example, a rechargeable secondary battery or a large-capacity capacitor. A load is connected to the output side of the converter 10. For example, the converter 10 can be used as a power supply circuit for an AC motor by combining with an inverter. The AC motor can be mounted on an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle and used to drive a wheel.

コンバータ１０は、リアクトル１２の他、スイッチ１８、２０とダイオード２２、２４とを含む。各スイッチ１８、２０は位相が互いに１８０度ずれるようにオンとオフが周期的に切り替わる。リアクトル１２はスイッチ１８、２０の出力側にそれぞれ直列に接続された二つのコイル１４、１６を有し、直流電源からの電流はスイッチ１８、２０によるスイッチングに応じて対応するコイル１４、１６に流れる。スイッチは例えば電界効果トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）や絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ（ＩＧＢＴ）などのスイッチング素子である。各ダイオード２２、２４はスイッチ１８、２０がオフの時に負荷からの電流をコイル１４、１６に戻せるよう対応するスイッチ１８、２０とコイル１４、１６との間に向けて接続される。ダイオード２２、２４はスイッチ１８、２０と相補的に動作する別のスイッチ（スイッチング素子）に置き換えることも可能である。 The converter 10 includes switches 18 and 20 and diodes 22 and 24 in addition to the reactor 12. The switches 18 and 20 are periodically switched on and off so that the phases are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. The reactor 12 has two coils 14 and 16 connected in series on the output side of the switches 18 and 20, respectively, and the current from the DC power supply flows to the corresponding coils 14 and 16 according to the switching by the switches 18 and 20. .. The switch is a switching element such as a field effect transistor (FET) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The diodes 22 and 24 are connected between the corresponding switches 18 and 20 and the coils 14 and 16 so that the current from the load can be returned to the coils 14 and 16 when the switches 18 and 20 are off. The diodes 22 and 24 can be replaced with another switch (switching element) that operates complementarily to the switches 18 and 20.

図２に示すように、リアクトル１２は中央脚部３６と二つの外側脚部３２、３４をもつコア３０を有し、二つのコイル１４、１６はこのコア３０で磁気的に結合される。コイル１４、１６を磁気結合させて一体化することで、リアクトル１２の部品点数が削減できるうえ、コンバータを含む装置を小型化することができる。各コイル１４、１６の巻線は直流電流が流れたときにコア３０の外側脚部３２、３４に磁束の向きが互いに対向するような巻き方向で巻かれる。コイル１４、１６と外側脚部３２、３４とによって構成される二つのインダクタの磁気誘導特性は同じになるようにする。なお、図示しないが、別の実施形態として３相以上の多相コンバータの場合は、相の数と同じ数の外側脚部を備えたコアを同様にして用いることができる。 As shown in FIG. 2, the reactor 12 has a core 30 having a central leg 36 and two outer legs 32, 34, and the two coils 14 and 16 are magnetically coupled by the core 30. By magnetically coupling and integrating the coils 14 and 16, the number of parts of the reactor 12 can be reduced, and the device including the converter can be miniaturized. The windings of the coils 14 and 16 are wound around the outer legs 32 and 34 of the core 30 in a winding direction such that the directions of the magnetic fluxes face each other when a direct current flows. The magnetic induction characteristics of the two inductors composed of the coils 14 and 16 and the outer legs 32 and 34 are set to be the same. Although not shown, as another embodiment, in the case of a multi-phase converter having three or more phases, a core having the same number of outer legs as the number of phases can be used in the same manner.

〔コイル電流と磁束の変化〕
図３に示すように、スイッチ１８、２０は、通常、制御装置（図示しない）によって生成されたパルス幅変調（ＰＷＭ）信号によって制御される。第１相のスイッチ１８がオンに切り替わると直流電源からの電流ＩL1がコイル１４の巻線に流れ込む。コイル１４と外側脚部３２で構成されるインダクタのインダクタンスＬ1により、コイル１４の巻線を流れる電流ＩL1が増加するにつれてそのエネルギーはコイル１４が巻かれた外側脚部３２にて磁束Φo1として蓄えられる。スイッチ１８がオフになると、コイル１４に蓄えられていたエネルギーが負荷側に電流として放出される。第２相についても同様に、インダクタンスＬ2によってコイル１６を流れる電流ＩL2に応じて他方の外側脚部３４に磁束Φo2が誘起される。中央脚部３６には二つのコイル１４、１６によって発生した磁束の両方が通るため、磁束Φcはそれぞれの磁束の２倍に近い値となる。図３には参考として中央脚部３６の磁束Φcの半分の値のグラフを重ねて示している。また、中央脚部３６の磁束Φcは位相が１８０度ずれた二つの磁束成分の重ね合わせとなるため、変動の周波数がスイッチ１８、２０のスイッチング周波数の２倍となる。 [Changes in coil current and magnetic flux]
As shown in FIG. 3, the switches 18 and 20 are usually controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by a control device (not shown). When the first phase switch 18 is switched on, the current IL1 from the DC power supply flows into the winding of the coil 14. Due to the inductance L 1 of the inductor composed of the coil 14 and the outer leg portion 32, as the current I L1 flowing through the winding of the coil 14 increases, the energy is generated by the magnetic flux Φ o1 at the outer leg portion 32 around which the coil 14 is wound. It is stored as. When the switch 18 is turned off, the energy stored in the coil 14 is released as a current to the load side. Similarly, the second phase, the magnetic flux [Phi o2 to the other outer leg 34 is induced in response to current I L2 flowing through the coil 16 by the inductance L 2. Since both the magnetic fluxes generated by the two coils 14 and 16 pass through the central leg portion 36, the magnetic flux Φ c is almost twice the value of each magnetic flux. In FIG. 3, for reference, a graph showing a half value of the magnetic flux Φ c of the central leg portion 36 is superimposed. Further, since the magnetic flux Φ c of the central leg portion 36 is a superposition of two magnetic flux components whose phases are 180 degrees out of phase, the frequency of fluctuation is twice the switching frequency of the switches 18 and 20.

コイル１４、１６の巻線を流れる電流ＩL1、ＩL2は、交流（リップル）成分を含んだ波形となる。電流ＩL1、ＩL2の平均値は接続される負荷に依存するが、リップル幅はコイル１４、１６のインダクタンスＬ1、Ｌ2が大きいほど小さくなる。負荷側へ供給される出力電圧Ｖoは、ＰＷＭ信号のデューティ比に応じて電源側からの入力電圧Ｖiよりも小さくなる。 The currents I L1 and IL 2 flowing through the windings of the coils 14 and 16 have a waveform including an alternating current (ripple) component. The average value of the currents I L1 and I L2 depends on the connected load, but the ripple width becomes smaller as the inductances L 1 and L 2 of the coils 14 and 16 become larger. The output voltage V o supplied to the load side becomes smaller than the input voltage V i from the power supply side according to the duty ratio of the PWM signal.

なお、コンバータ１０は入力側と出力側にそれぞれ平滑化のためのコンデンサ２６、２８を有していても良い。図示しないが、各相のコイル１４、１６に流れる電流ＩL1、ＩL2を測定する電流センサや、コンバータ１０の入力電圧や出力電圧を検出する電圧センサを設け、その測定値に基づいてスイッチングを制御することもできる。 The converter 10 may have capacitors 26 and 28 for smoothing on the input side and the output side, respectively. Although not illustrated, and a current sensor for measuring current I L1, I L2 flowing through each phase of coils 14, 16, a voltage sensor which detects an input voltage and the output voltage of the converter 10, the switching based on the measurement value It can also be controlled.

〔コア材料〕
図２に示すように、コア３０は互いに周波数特性が異なる第１コア材料と第２コア材料とで形成する。具体的には、コア３０のうち中央脚部３６を除いた外周部分３８（つまり外側脚部３２、３４とＴ字接続部）は第１コア材料で形成し、中央脚部３６は第１コア材料よりも高周波数側で透磁率が下がりにくい第２コア材料で形成する、図２では、第１コア材料を白く、第２コア材料を濃く描いている。例えば、第１コア材料をＭｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料とし、第２コア材料をＮｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料とする。Ｍｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料は交番磁界の周波数が上がると比透磁率が急激に落ちるが、Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料は高周波側での比透磁率の下がり方が比較的緩やかである。前述の通り中央脚部３６の磁束Φcは変動の周波数がスイッチング周波数の２倍となるため、コア３０のうち中央脚部３６のみをＮｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料で形成することで中央脚部３６のコアとしての性能低下を抑制することができる。この効果は多相コンバータの相の数が大きい場合ほど大きくなる。一方、Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料は単位体積当たりのコア損失がＭｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料よりも２０倍ほど大きいため、コア３０を全てＮｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料で製造するのは好ましくない。 [Core material]
As shown in FIG. 2, the core 30 is formed of a first core material and a second core material having different frequency characteristics from each other. Specifically, the outer peripheral portion 38 (that is, the outer leg portions 32, 34 and the T-shaped connection portion) of the core 30 excluding the central leg portion 36 is formed of the first core material, and the central leg portion 36 is the first core. In FIG. 2, which is formed of a second core material whose magnetic permeability is less likely to decrease on the higher frequency side than the material, the first core material is drawn white and the second core material is drawn dark. For example, the first core material is a Mn—Zn-based ferrite material, and the second core material is a Ni—Zn-based ferrite material. The specific magnetic permeability of the Mn—Zn-based ferrite material drops sharply as the frequency of the alternating magnetic field rises, but the specific magnetic permeability of the Ni—Zn-based ferrite material decreases relatively slowly on the high frequency side. Since the magnetic flux [Phi c of previously described central leg 36 which has a frequency of variation is twice the switching frequency, the central leg portion 36 by forming only the center leg 36 of the core 30 in the Ni-Zn-based ferrite material It is possible to suppress the deterioration of the performance as the core of. This effect increases as the number of phases in the polyphase converter increases. On the other hand, since the core loss per unit volume of the Ni—Zn-based ferrite material is about 20 times larger than that of the Mn—Zn-based ferrite material, it is not preferable to manufacture the core 30 entirely from the Ni—Zn-based ferrite material.

以上、本技術を具体的な実施形態で説明したが、本技術はこれらの実施形態に限定されるものではなく、当業者であれば本技術の目的を逸脱することなく様々な置換、改良、変更を施すことが可能である。 Although the present technology has been described above with specific embodiments, the present technology is not limited to these embodiments, and those skilled in the art can perform various substitutions, improvements, and the like without deviating from the purpose of the present technology. It is possible to make changes.

１０ コンバータ
１２ リアクトル
１４、１６ コイル
１８、２０ スイッチ
２２、２４ ダイオード
２６、２８ コンデンサ
３０ コア
３２、３４ 外側脚部
３６ 中央脚部
３８ 外周部分 10 Converter 12 Reactor 14, 16 Coil 18, 20 Switch 22, 24 Diode 26, 28 Capacitor 30 Core 32, 34 Outer leg 36 Central leg 38 Outer part

Claims (2)

リアクトルであって、
中央脚部と少なくとも二つの外側脚部とを有するコアと、
各外側脚部に巻かれた巻線とを備えており、
前記コアのうち前記中央脚部を除いた外周部分は第１コア材料で形成されており、
前記中央脚部は第２コア材料で形成されており、
前記第２コア材料は前記第１コア材料よりも高周波数側での透磁率の低下が緩やかな周波数特性を有する材料であるリアクトル。 It ’s a reactor,
A core with a central leg and at least two outer legs,
Equipped with windings wound around each outer leg,
The outer peripheral portion of the core excluding the central leg is made of the first core material.
The central leg is made of a second core material and
The second core material is a reactor which is a material having a frequency characteristic in which the decrease in magnetic permeability on the higher frequency side is gradual than that of the first core material. 請求項１のリアクトルであって、前記第１コア材料がＭｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料であり、前記第２コア材料がＮｉ−Ｚｎ系フェライト材料であるリアクトル。 The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the first core material is a Mn—Zn-based ferrite material, and the second core material is a Ni—Zn-based ferrite material.
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