JP2021191188A - Power distribution system allowing multiple users to use shared storage battery - Google Patents

Power distribution system allowing multiple users to use shared storage battery Download PDF

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JP2021191188A
JP2021191188A JP2020097122A JP2020097122A JP2021191188A JP 2021191188 A JP2021191188 A JP 2021191188A JP 2020097122 A JP2020097122 A JP 2020097122A JP 2020097122 A JP2020097122 A JP 2020097122A JP 2021191188 A JP2021191188 A JP 2021191188A
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storage battery
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大輔 秋久
Daisuke Akihisa
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

To increase the billing amount that is to be applied to the cost burden of each user or the cost of replacement, etc. as the degree of deterioration caused by the use of shared storage battery by each user is greater in a system which distributes power of a storage battery shared by multiple users.SOLUTION: A power distribution system in which a shared storage battery is installed and a plurality of users can use the shared storage battery, includes: storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means that acquires a deterioration index value indicating the magnitude of the influence on the deterioration of the state of the shared storage battery which affects the progress of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to its use when each user uses the shared storage battery; and means that increases the billing amount of a user who has a large degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery estimated using the deterioration index value in the use of the shared storage battery, compared to a user who has a small degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery, as billing amount calculation means that calculates the billing amount of each user for the use of the shared storage battery of the user.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、複数のユーザーが共用の蓄電池を利用することのできる配電システムに係り、より詳細には、かかる配電システムに於いて共用蓄電池を利用したユーザーの課金額を算出するための構成に係る。 The present invention relates to a power distribution system in which a plurality of users can use a shared storage battery, and more specifically, relates to a configuration for calculating a charge amount of a user who uses the shared storage battery in the power distribution system. ..

近年、太陽光発電などの自然変動型再生可能エネルギー発電源が普及してきているところ、変動型電源の発電パターンは、ユーザーの需要パターンと必ずしも一致しないので、この両者の時間的・空間的電力授受の不均衡を吸収し、変動型電源の電力を可能な限り活用するための蓄電池の需要が増してきている。しかしながら、蓄電池の価格は未だ高い水準にあるので、蓄電池の社会実装として、一定のエリア内の複数ユーザーで蓄電池を共同で利用し(共用蓄電池)、個々のユーザーのコスト負担の低減を図る利用形態が注目されている。そのような蓄電池又は蓄電装置の利用例としては、例えば、特許文献1では、配電網の下流(下位系統)に於いて自然エネルギー発電装置、蓄電池及び電力を消費する負荷が相互に接続される小規模系統が設置された構成に於いて、小規模系統内の蓄電池の容量をより小さくしてコストが抑えられるようにしつつ、小規模系統と配電網の上流(上位系統)との間の送受電電力を低く抑え、上位系統に於いて悪影響を及ぼし得る下位系統から上位系統の逆潮流(電力の逆流)をできるだけ少なくできるように、蓄電池の運用を計画する方法が提案されている。特許文献2では、エネルギーシステムに蓄電池と再生可能電源とが接続され、蓄電池の劣化を抑制する目的で、蓄電池の充電時には、その蓄電池のSOCが予め適切に設定されたSOCの上限に到達するまでその蓄電池に対する充電状態を維持し、蓄電池の放電時には、その該蓄電池のSOCが予め適切に設定されたSOCの下限に到達するまで該蓄電池の充電状態を維持するように、蓄電池の充放電を個別に制御することが提案されている。特許文献3は、電力送配電ネットワークに負荷と電力源と共に接続された蓄電装置に於いて、ネットワークの電力の需給バランスを時々刻々において確保して当該ネットワークの系統周波数の安定を図るため、或いは、電力の需給バランスを確保して電力送配電ネットワーク内の需要供給の安定を図るための充放電が、蓄電装置の容量劣化度を低減するように充放電目標SOCと充放電電流レートが制御されて実行される構成を開示している。なお、特許文献4に於いては、事業者により提供される充電ステーションまたは充電用ポールから電気車両に搭載されたバッテリへ充電する構成に於いて、バッテリの状態によって、充電後に利用可能な電力量が異なることに鑑み、バッテリ使用について記録されたデータ、バッテリの記憶された使用モード等に基づいて、バッテリの状態を推定する方法及び装置が開示されている。 In recent years, natural variable renewable energy power generation such as solar power generation has become widespread, but the power generation pattern of variable power sources does not always match the demand pattern of users. There is an increasing demand for storage batteries to absorb the imbalance and utilize the power of variable power sources as much as possible. However, since the price of storage batteries is still at a high level, as a social implementation of storage batteries, multiple users in a certain area share the storage batteries (shared storage batteries) to reduce the cost burden of each user. Is attracting attention. As an example of the use of such a storage battery or a power storage device, for example, in Patent Document 1, a renewable energy power generation device, a storage battery, and a load that consumes electric power are interconnected in the downstream (lower system) of the distribution network. In a configuration with a large-scale system installed, power transmission / reception between the small-scale system and the upstream (upper system) of the distribution network can be achieved while reducing the capacity of the storage battery in the small-scale system to reduce costs. A method of planning the operation of a storage battery has been proposed so that the electric power can be kept low and the backflow (backflow of electric power) from the lower system to the upper system, which can have an adverse effect on the upper system, can be reduced as much as possible. In Patent Document 2, a storage battery and a renewable power source are connected to the energy system, and for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of the storage battery, when the storage battery is charged, until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the upper limit of the SOC appropriately set in advance. The charge / discharge of the storage battery is individually maintained so that the charge state of the storage battery is maintained, and when the storage battery is discharged, the charge state of the storage battery is maintained until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the preset lower limit of the SOC. It has been proposed to control the battery. Patent Document 3 describes, in a power storage device connected to a power transmission / distribution network together with a load and a power source, to secure a balance between supply and demand of power of the network every moment to stabilize the system frequency of the network, or to stabilize the system frequency of the network. The charge / discharge target SOC and charge / discharge current rate are controlled so that the charge / discharge to secure the balance between the supply and demand of electric power and stabilize the supply and demand in the power transmission / distribution network reduces the degree of capacity deterioration of the power storage device. It discloses the configuration to be executed. In Patent Document 4, in the configuration of charging the battery mounted on the electric vehicle from the charging station or the charging pole provided by the business operator, the amount of electric power that can be used after charging depends on the state of the battery. Disclosed are methods and devices for estimating battery status based on recorded data on battery usage, stored battery usage modes, and the like.

特開2013−13240JP 2013-13240 国際公開2011/016273International release 2011/016273 特開2016−34170JP 2016-34170 特表2016−513241Special table 2016-513241

ところで、蓄電池は、その使用に伴って劣化(電気容量及び充放電効率の低下)が生ずるので、その寿命毎に又は定期的に交換が必要となり、その都度、費用が発生するところ、共用蓄電池の場合には、その交換等費用(蓄電池の交換にかかる費用。なお、その他の維持管理等にかかる費用が含まれていてよい。)又はその少なくとも一部を、共用蓄電池を使用したユーザーに負担させることが考えられる。この点に関し、或る蓄電池の使用による蓄電池の劣化の進み具合は、その使用状況によって異なるので、各ユーザーに、それぞれの共用蓄電池の使用状況によらず、均等に共用蓄電池の交換等費用を負担させたとすると、共用蓄電池の使用の仕方が蓄電池の劣化への影響の大きいユーザー(劣化の進み度合が大きい使い方をしたユーザー)と、そうでないユーザーとの間で不公平感を生ずることが予想される。即ち、ユーザーの蓄電池の使用状況の蓄電池の劣化への影響が大きいほど、そのユーザーの蓄電池の交換等費用の負担が大きくなる方が適切であろう。従って、共用蓄電池の交換等費用を、その共用蓄電池を利用するユーザーに負担させる場合には、それぞれの共用蓄電池の使用状況に於ける共用蓄電池の劣化の進む程度に応じて、各ユーザーの費用負担の割合或いは交換等費用に当てる課金額を決定できるようになっていることが望ましい。共用蓄電池の使用状況に於ける蓄電池の劣化の進む程度は、蓄電池の使用時の蓄電池のSOC、温度等、そのときの蓄電池の状態を用いて推定可能である。 By the way, since the storage battery deteriorates with its use (decrease in electric capacity and charge / discharge efficiency), it needs to be replaced at each life or periodically, and the cost is incurred each time. In that case, the replacement cost (the cost of replacing the storage battery; the cost of other maintenance, etc. may be included) or at least a part thereof shall be borne by the user who used the shared storage battery. Can be considered. In this regard, the progress of deterioration of the storage battery due to the use of a certain storage battery differs depending on the usage status, so each user is equally burdened with the cost of replacing the shared storage battery regardless of the usage status of each shared storage battery. If this is the case, it is expected that the usage of the shared storage battery will cause an unfair feeling between users who have a large effect on the deterioration of the storage battery (users who have used it with a large degree of deterioration) and users who do not. To. That is, it would be appropriate that the greater the influence of the usage status of the user's storage battery on the deterioration of the storage battery, the greater the burden of costs such as replacement of the user's storage battery. Therefore, when the cost of replacing the shared storage battery is borne by the user who uses the shared storage battery, each user bears the cost according to the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery in the usage status of each shared storage battery. It is desirable to be able to determine the ratio of the above or the amount charged for replacement costs. The degree of deterioration of the storage battery in the usage status of the shared storage battery can be estimated by using the state of the storage battery at that time, such as the SOC and temperature of the storage battery when the storage battery is used.

かくして、本発明の一つの目的は、複数のユーザーが蓄電池を共同で利用する配電システムに於いて、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用によるその劣化の進む程度が大きいほど、各ユーザーの費用負担の割合若しくは交換等費用に当てる課金額を大きくできるようにするシステムを提供することである。 Thus, one object of the present invention is that in a power distribution system in which a plurality of users share a storage battery, the greater the degree of deterioration due to the use of the shared storage battery of each user, the more the cost burden of each user is. Alternatively, it is to provide a system that enables a large amount of charges for replacement costs.

本発明によれば、上記の課題は、共用蓄電池が設置され複数のユーザーが前記共用蓄電池を使用可能な配電システムであって、
各ユーザーの前記共用蓄電池の使用時にその使用による前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に影響する前記共用蓄電池の状態の劣化への影響の大きさを表す劣化指標値を取得する蓄電池劣化指標値取得手段と、
各ユーザーの前記共用蓄電池の使用に対する各ユーザーの課金額を算出する課金額算出手段にして、前記共用蓄電池の使用に於ける前記劣化指標値を用いて推定される前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が大きかったユーザーの課金額を、前記共用蓄電池の使用に於ける前記劣化指標値を用いて推定される前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が小さかったユーザーよりも、多くする手段と、
を含むシステムによって達成される。
According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is a power distribution system in which a shared storage battery is installed and a plurality of users can use the shared storage battery.
Storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means for acquiring a deterioration index value indicating the magnitude of the influence on the deterioration of the state of the shared storage battery, which affects the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to the use of the shared storage battery by each user. When,
The degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery estimated by using the deterioration index value in the use of the shared storage battery as a billing amount calculating means for calculating the charge amount of each user for the use of the shared storage battery by each user. A means to increase the charge amount of the user who had a large amount of money as compared with the user who had a small degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery estimated by using the deterioration index value in the use of the shared storage battery.
Achieved by a system that includes.

上記の構成に於いて、「共用蓄電池」とは、複数のユーザーに電力を分配して供給する通常の態様の配電網に接続され、配電網に接続された各ユーザーの電力を消費又は蓄電する任意の電気機器(家電、産業機械器具、車両の蓄電池など)への給電或いは配電網に接続された各ユーザーの任意の発電機器(太陽光発電装置、ガス発電装置など)からの電力の充電が可能な任意の形式の蓄電池である。かかる蓄電池は、典型的には、充放電可能なリチウムイオン電池、或いは、その他の充放電可能な蓄電池(例えば、鉛蓄電池、ニッケル水素電池、NAS電池)であってよい。各ユーザーによる「共用蓄電池の使用」とは、共用蓄電池から各ユーザーの任意の電器へ電力を供給する場合(蓄電池からの放電の場合)と各ユーザーの発電機器で得られた電力を共用蓄電池に蓄電する場合(蓄電池への充電の場合)とが含まれていてよい。「共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合」とは、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用に於いて、即ち、共用蓄電池がユーザーの機器(以下、「機器」と言う場合には、特に断らない限り、電力を消費又は蓄電する機器、発電する機器を総称するものとする。)との間で電力の受電又は送電を実施する際の共用蓄電池の充放電に於いて生ずる共用蓄電池の劣化の程度の大きさ(蓄電池の電気容量又は充放電効率の低下幅)である。「劣化指標値」とは、かかる劣化の進み度合に影響する蓄電池の状態の、その劣化の進み度合への影響の大きさを数値化したものである。共用蓄電池の劣化は、共用蓄電池の使用時に於ける充放電量だけでなく、共用蓄電池の温度、共用蓄電池のSOC(端子間電圧に対応)などの共用蓄電池の状態に依存することが見出されており、劣化指標値は、それらの共用蓄電池の状態を表すパラメータの関数であってよい(劣化の進み度合が大きいほど、劣化指標値が大きくなるように定義されてよい。)。そして、ユーザーの「課金額」とは、共用蓄電池の交換或いは更に維持管理に要する費用(交換等費用)に当てられる共用蓄電池の使用料であり、共用蓄電池の交換等費用に於ける負担割合に応じてユーザーに課せられる料金である。 In the above configuration, the "shared storage battery" is connected to a distribution network in a normal mode in which power is distributed and supplied to a plurality of users, and consumes or stores power of each user connected to the distribution network. Power supply to any electrical equipment (home appliances, industrial machinery, vehicle storage batteries, etc.) or charging of power from any power generation equipment (solar power generation equipment, gas power generation equipment, etc.) of each user connected to the distribution network. Any type of storage battery that is possible. Such a storage battery may typically be a charge / discharge rechargeable lithium ion battery or another rechargeable / dischargeable storage battery (for example, a lead storage battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a NAS battery). "Use of shared storage battery" by each user means that power is supplied from the shared storage battery to any electric device of each user (in the case of discharge from the storage battery) and the power obtained from each user's power generation device is used as the shared storage battery. It may include the case of storing electricity (the case of charging the storage battery). The "progress of deterioration of the shared storage battery" refers to the use of the shared storage battery of the user, that is, when the shared storage battery is the user's device (hereinafter, "device", power is consumed unless otherwise specified. Or, the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery caused by the charging and discharging of the shared storage battery when receiving or transmitting power to and from the device that stores electricity and the device that generates electricity (storage battery). The amount of decrease in electric capacity or charge / discharge efficiency). The "deterioration index value" is a numerical value of the magnitude of the influence of the state of the storage battery, which affects the progress of deterioration, on the progress of deterioration. It has been found that the deterioration of the shared storage battery depends not only on the amount of charge and discharge when the shared storage battery is used, but also on the condition of the shared storage battery such as the temperature of the shared storage battery and the SOC of the shared storage battery (corresponding to the voltage between terminals). The deterioration index value may be a function of a parameter representing the state of those shared storage batteries (it may be defined that the larger the degree of deterioration, the larger the deterioration index value). The user's "charge amount" is the usage fee of the shared storage battery that is used for the replacement of the shared storage battery or the cost required for maintenance (replacement cost), and is the burden ratio in the replacement cost of the shared storage battery. It is a fee charged to the user accordingly.

上記の構成に於いては、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用時に、蓄電池劣化指標値取得手段により、共用蓄電池の状態の、劣化の進み度合への影響の大きさを表す劣化指標値が取得される。そして、各ユーザーの課金額は、取得された各ユーザーの劣化指標値を用いて推定される共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が大きかったユーザーの課金額が共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が小さかったユーザーの課金額よりも多くなるように、或いは、共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が大きいほど、ユーザーの課金額が多くなるように決定される。この構成によれば、共用蓄電池の交換等費用に当てられる各ユーザーの課金額は、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用によるその劣化の進み度合の大きさに応じて決定されることとなり、これにより、共用蓄電池の劣化をより進ませたユーザーがより大きな割合にて、共用蓄電池の交換等費用を負担することとなるので、各ユーザーの課金額を、それぞれの共用蓄電池の使用による共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に応じて、より公平に決定することが可能となる。 In the above configuration, when each user uses the shared storage battery, the storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means acquires a deterioration index value indicating the magnitude of the influence of the state of the shared storage battery on the degree of deterioration. .. The billing amount of each user is estimated by using the acquired deterioration index value of each user, and the user's billing amount is estimated by the user with a large degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery. It is determined that the charge amount of the user increases as the charge amount of the shared storage battery increases or the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery increases. According to this configuration, the charge amount of each user to be allocated to the cost of replacing the shared storage battery is determined according to the degree of progress of deterioration due to the use of the shared storage battery of each user. Since users who have advanced the deterioration of the shared storage battery will bear the cost of replacing the shared storage battery at a larger rate, the charge for each user will be charged for the deterioration of the shared storage battery due to the use of each shared storage battery. It becomes possible to make a more fair decision according to the degree of progress.

上記の本発明のシステムの実施の態様に於いては、各ユーザーの課金額は、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用の度に、そのときの劣化指標値を用いて決定されてもよいが、適宜設定されてよい所定の期間(例えば、1週間、1月、数ヶ月、1年、数年)毎に、その期間の各ユーザーの劣化指標値を用いて推定される劣化の進み度合を集計して、その集計値の割合に対応して各ユーザーの課金額が決定されてもよい。或いは、各ユーザーの課金額は、共用蓄電池の交換の度に、その使用開始時から交換時までの各ユーザーによる共用蓄電池の劣化の度合を集計して、その集計結果に於ける各ユーザーによる劣化の度合の割合に対応して各ユーザーの課金額が決定されてもよい。各ユーザーの課金額の総計は、共用蓄電池の交換等費用の総額を参照して、その所定の期間に進んだ共用蓄電池の劣化の程度に応じて決定することが考えられる。ここで、その所定の期間に進んだ共用蓄電池の劣化の程度とは、共用蓄電池の使用開始時(劣化がない状態)から共用蓄電池の許容可能な劣化の限界までの劣化の進み幅(使用開始時から交換が必要な時点までの電気容量の変化幅)に対するその所定の期間に於ける共用蓄電池の劣化の進み幅(その期間の電気容量の変化幅)の割合であってよい。 In the above-described embodiment of the system of the present invention, the charge amount of each user may be determined each time the shared storage battery of each user is used, using the deterioration index value at that time, but it may be determined as appropriate. For each predetermined period (for example, one week, January, several months, one year, several years) that may be set, the degree of deterioration estimated using the deterioration index value of each user in that period is totaled. Therefore, the billing amount of each user may be determined according to the ratio of the aggregated value. Alternatively, the charge amount of each user is calculated by totaling the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery by each user from the start of use to the time of replacement each time the shared storage battery is replaced, and the deterioration by each user in the totaled result. The billing amount of each user may be determined according to the ratio of the degree of. It is conceivable that the total charge amount of each user is determined according to the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery that has progressed in the predetermined period by referring to the total cost of replacing the shared storage battery. Here, the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery that has progressed during the predetermined period is the degree of deterioration from the start of use of the shared storage battery (without deterioration) to the limit of allowable deterioration of the shared storage battery (start of use). It may be the ratio of the progress of deterioration of the shared storage battery (change in electric capacity during that period) to the change in electric capacity from time to the time when replacement is required.

共用蓄電池の劣化状態、即ち、任意の時点での劣化の程度、は、任意の手法にて計測されてよい。一つの態様として、後の実施形態の欄に記載されている如く、共用蓄電池を満充電させた後、或る一定時間放電させた際の共用蓄電池の端子電圧の低下幅が大きいほど、共用蓄電池の劣化の程度(蓄電池の電気容量又は充放電効率の使用開始時からの低下幅)が大きくなることが見出されているので、共用蓄電池の満充電後の一定時間の放電後の共用蓄電池の端子電圧の低下幅を計測することにより、共用蓄電池の劣化状態が決定されてよい。 The deterioration state of the shared storage battery, that is, the degree of deterioration at any time point, may be measured by any method. As one embodiment, as described in the column of the later embodiment, the larger the decrease in the terminal voltage of the shared storage battery when the shared storage battery is fully charged and then discharged for a certain period of time, the larger the decrease in the terminal voltage of the shared storage battery is. Since it has been found that the degree of deterioration (the amount of decrease in the electric capacity or charge / discharge efficiency of the storage battery from the start of use) becomes large, the shared storage battery after being discharged for a certain period of time after being fully charged. The deterioration state of the shared storage battery may be determined by measuring the amount of decrease in the terminal voltage.

ところで、上記の本発明のシステムにより各ユーザーの課金額を決定する構成に於いては、各ユーザーの課金額が、その共用蓄電池を使用する際の共用蓄電池の状態に依存して決定されることとなる。即ち、劣化指標値が高くなる共用蓄電池の状態で、共用蓄電池を使用すれば、課金額は高くなる。従って、もし共用蓄電池を使用する時期として、劣化指標値ができるだけ低くなる時期を選択できるようになっていれば、共用蓄電池の劣化を抑制することもでき、ユーザーの課金額もより少なくできることとなる。この点に関し、任意の将来の時期に於ける共用蓄電池の状態に対応する劣化指標値は、過去又はそれまでの共用蓄電池の状態の履歴を用いて予測可能である。そこで、本発明のシステムに於いては、或るユーザーが共用蓄電池を使用しようとする場合に、劣化指標値ができるだけ小さくなる時期を選択できるようになっていてよい。かくして、本発明の一つの態様に於いては、本発明のシステムは、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用の要求を受け付ける手段と、そのユーザーの使用による劣化指標値が低くなる共用蓄電池の使用時期を選択する手段と、選択された使用時期に於いてそのユーザーによる共用蓄電池の使用を実行する手段とを含んでいてよい。ここに於いて、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用の要求には、共用蓄電池の使用を希望する時間帯又は使用が可能な時間帯、要求する共用蓄電池の充放電量等の情報が含まれていてよい。劣化指標値ができるだけ小さくなる時期は、それまでの共用蓄電池の状態の履歴を参照して、選択できるようになっていてよい。 By the way, in the configuration in which the billing amount of each user is determined by the above-mentioned system of the present invention, the billing amount of each user is determined depending on the state of the shared storage battery when the shared storage battery is used. Will be. That is, if the shared storage battery is used in the state of the shared storage battery having a high deterioration index value, the charge amount will be high. Therefore, if it is possible to select the time when the deterioration index value becomes as low as possible as the time when the shared storage battery is used, the deterioration of the shared storage battery can be suppressed and the user's charge can be reduced. .. In this regard, the deterioration index value corresponding to the state of the shared storage battery at any future time can be predicted by using the history of the state of the shared storage battery in the past or so far. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, when a certain user intends to use the shared storage battery, it may be possible to select a time when the deterioration index value becomes as small as possible. Thus, in one aspect of the invention, the system of the invention selects a means of accepting a user's request for use of the shared storage battery and a time of use of the shared storage battery at which the deterioration index value due to the user's use is low. A means of performing the use of the shared battery by the user at a selected time of use may be included. Here, the user's request for use of the shared storage battery may include information such as a time zone in which the shared storage battery is desired to be used or a time zone in which the shared storage battery can be used, and the requested charge / discharge amount of the shared storage battery. .. The time when the deterioration index value becomes as small as possible may be selected by referring to the history of the state of the shared storage battery up to that point.

上記の本発明の配電システムにおいては、ユーザーが電力を使用する際或いは発電する際に、ユーザーは、共用蓄電池の使用と、配電網の系統電力の使用(配電網の発電装置から供給される電力を使用する場合又は配電網へ売電する場合)とのうちのいずれかが選択可能である。この点に関し、共用蓄電池の使用による課金額は、上記の如く共用蓄電池の状態によって変動し、系統電力の使用に伴う費用(電気料金等)も時間や状況に応じて変動する。その場合、もし前者よりも後者の費用が安ければ、後者が選択され、後者よりも前者の費用が安ければ、前者が選択されることが好ましい。そこで、本発明のシステムに於いては、共用蓄電池の使用による課金額と配電網の系統電力の使用料とを取得する手段が設けられ、ユーザーがより低額の態様を選択できるように構成されていてよい。ここに於いて、選択処理は、ユーザー自身が費用を参照して利用する態様を選択するようになっていてもよく、システムが自動的により低額の態様を選択するようになっていてもよい。 In the above-mentioned distribution system of the present invention, when the user uses or generates electric power, the user uses a shared storage battery and uses the grid power of the distribution network (power supplied from the power generation device of the distribution network). (When using) or when selling power to the distribution network) can be selected. In this regard, the amount charged for using the shared storage battery varies depending on the state of the shared storage battery as described above, and the cost (electricity charge, etc.) associated with the use of the grid power also varies depending on the time and situation. In that case, if the cost of the latter is cheaper than the former, the latter is selected, and if the cost of the former is cheaper than the latter, the former is preferably selected. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, a means for acquiring the charge amount due to the use of the shared storage battery and the usage charge for the grid power of the distribution network is provided so that the user can select a lower price mode. It's okay. Here, in the selection process, the user may select the mode to be used by referring to the cost, or the system may automatically select the mode with a lower cost.

かくして、上記の本発明の構成によれば、複数のユーザーで共用蓄電池を利用できるよう構成された配電システムにおいて、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用によるその劣化の進む程度の大きさに応じて、各ユーザーの費用負担の割合が決定されることとなるので、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用状況に対応してより公平に共用蓄電池の交換等の費用を各ユーザーに負担させることが可能となる。本発明の構成は、発電所が設置された系統配電網だけでなく、局所的な配電網にも適用されてよい。 Thus, according to the above-mentioned configuration of the present invention, in the power distribution system configured so that the shared storage battery can be used by a plurality of users, each of them depends on the degree of deterioration due to the use of the shared storage battery of each user. Since the ratio of the user's cost burden is determined, it is possible to make each user bear the cost of replacing the shared storage battery more fairly according to the usage status of the shared storage battery of each user. The configuration of the present invention may be applied not only to the grid distribution network in which the power plant is installed, but also to the local distribution network.

本発明のその他の目的及び利点は、以下の本発明の好ましい実施形態の説明により明らかになるであろう。 Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent by the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention.

図1(A)は、本実施形態による配電システムの模式的なブロック図である。図1(B)は、本実施形態による共用蓄電池の管理装置の構成をブロック図の形式で表した図である。FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram of a power distribution system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the configuration of a shared storage battery management device according to the present embodiment in the form of a block diagram. 図2は、本実施形態による配電システムの管理装置に於ける共用蓄電池の交換等費用に当てるための各ユーザーの課金額の算出処理作動をフローチャートの形式で表した図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of calculating the billing amount of each user for the cost of replacing the shared storage battery in the management device of the power distribution system according to the present embodiment in the form of a flowchart. 図3(A)、(B)は、それぞれ、本実施形態による共用蓄電池の温度、端子間電圧に対して与えられる劣化指標値kt、kvを表すマップをグラフ形式にて表した図である。3A and 3B are graphs showing maps representing deterioration index values kt and kv given to the temperature of the shared storage battery and the voltage between terminals according to the present embodiment, respectively. 図4(A)は、蓄電池を満充電し、しかる後に放電させた場合の蓄電池の端子電圧の時間変化の例である。図4(B)、(C)は、それぞれ、実験的には得られた、蓄電池の満充電時とその後に放電を一定時間実施した時との間の端子電圧の差(過渡的差電圧ΔVo)と、蓄電池の総電気容量、充放電効率との関係を表した図である。FIG. 4A is an example of the time change of the terminal voltage of the storage battery when the storage battery is fully charged and then discharged. FIGS. 4 (B) and 4 (C) show the experimentally obtained difference in terminal voltage (transient difference voltage ΔVo) between when the storage battery is fully charged and when the storage battery is subsequently discharged for a certain period of time. ), And the relationship between the total electric capacity of the storage battery and the charge / discharge efficiency. 図5(A)は、劣化指標値の1日に於ける時間変化の様子を模式的に表した図である。図5(B)は、図2の各ユーザーの課金額の算出処理作動に於いて、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用が劣化指標値のより小さい時期に実行されるようにする構成が組み込まれた処理作動をフローチャートの形式で表した図である。FIG. 5A is a diagram schematically showing the state of time change of the deterioration index value in one day. FIG. 5B is a process incorporating a configuration in which the user's shared storage battery is used at a time smaller than the deterioration index value in the operation of calculating the charge amount of each user in FIG. It is the figure which showed the operation in the form of a flowchart.

1…発電所
2…共用蓄電池
10…配電線
RP…受電点(変圧器)
B…車載の蓄電池
EV…蓄電装置を搭載した車両
P…各ユーザーの発電装置
m…電力(電圧及び/又は電流)計測器
1 ... Power plant 2 ... Shared storage battery 10 ... Distribution line RP ... Power receiving point (transformer)
B ... In-vehicle storage battery EV ... Vehicle equipped with a power storage device P ... Power generation device for each user m ... Electric power (voltage and / or current) measuring instrument

以下に添付の図を参照しつつ、本発明を幾つかの好ましい実施形態について詳細に説明する。図中、同一の符号は、同一の部位を示す。 Some preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

配電システムの概要
図1(A)を参照して、本実施形態の適用される配電システムは、例えば、発電所1などの発電装置の発電した電力を複数のユーザーの電器へ分配する通常の態様の配電線10からなる配電網であってよい。配電システムに於いて、発電所1は、火力、水力、原子力等の任意の形式の発電所であってよく、太陽光、風力、地熱、潮力などを利用した自然変動型発電源であってもよい。発電所1で発電された電力は、通常の態様にて、高電圧にて出力された後、配電変電所を経て順々に降圧されながら送電され、変電器(受電点)RPを介して電器にて利用される電圧まで降圧されて、各ユーザー(家庭、商店、商業施設、公共施設、工場など)へ分配される。ユーザーのそれぞれの配電枝線には、家電、産業用機械器具等などの電力を消費する電器(ユーザー電器)、車両に搭載された蓄電池B、太陽光発電機、ガス発電機などの発電装置Pが接続可能であり、電力の伝送が実行される。そして、本実施形態では、上記の如き配電システムに於いて、配電線10に対して、各ユーザーが使用可能な共用蓄電池2が接続される。共用蓄電池2として用いられる蓄電池は、典型的には、充放電可能なリチウムイオン電池であるが、その他の充放電可能な蓄電池、例えば、鉛蓄電池、ニッケル水素電池、NAS電池などであってよい。かかる共用蓄電池2には、その充放電作動を制御するBMU(Battery Management Unit)が備えられ、共用蓄電池2は、各ユーザーのユーザー電器が電力を使用する際又は車両に搭載された蓄電池Bに蓄電する際には、放電され、各ユーザーの発電装置Pが余剰電力を蓄電する際には、充電されるよう構成される。上記の配電システムの各要素の作動は、エネルギーマネジメントシステム(EMS)により管理及び制御され、後に詳細に説明される本実施形態に於ける各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用時の劣化指標値を取得する手段及び各ユーザーの課金額を算出する手段は、EMSの一部として構成されてよい。EMSは、共用蓄電池の状態の計測値、各ユーザーの配電線に於ける電力等(電圧、電流)を計測するメータの計測結果、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用要求などの本実施形態の作動に於いて必要な情報が通常の有線通信又は無線通信の方式にて受容し、それらの情報に基づいて、共用蓄電池と各ユーザーの各要素の作動制御を実行するための制御指令を与えると供に、蓄電池劣化指標値取得手段及び課金額算出手段の機能を果たすようになっていてよい。
Overview of the Distribution System With reference to FIG. 1 (A), the distribution system to which the present embodiment is applied is, for example, a normal mode in which the power generated by a power generation device such as a power plant 1 is distributed to the electric appliances of a plurality of users. It may be a distribution network composed of distribution lines 10. In the distribution system, the power plant 1 may be any type of power plant such as thermal power, hydraulic power, nuclear power, etc., and is a naturally variable power generation power source using solar power, wind power, geothermal power, tidal power, etc. May be good. The electric power generated at the power plant 1 is output at a high voltage in a normal manner, and then is transmitted while being gradually stepped down through a distribution substation, and is transmitted via a substation (power receiving point) RP. It is stepped down to the voltage used in, and distributed to each user (household, store, commercial facility, public facility, factory, etc.). Each user's distribution branch line has an electric power (user electric power) that consumes electric power such as home appliances and industrial machinery, a storage battery B mounted on a vehicle, a power generation device P such as a solar generator, and a gas generator. Is connectable and power transmission is performed. Then, in the present embodiment, in the power distribution system as described above, the shared storage battery 2 that can be used by each user is connected to the distribution line 10. The storage battery used as the shared storage battery 2 is typically a chargeable / dischargeable lithium ion battery, but other chargeable / dischargeable storage batteries such as a lead storage battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, and a NAS battery may be used. The shared storage battery 2 is provided with a BMU (Battery Management Unit) that controls the charge / discharge operation, and the shared storage battery 2 stores electricity when the user's electric power is used by each user's electric power or in the storage battery B mounted on the vehicle. At that time, it is discharged, and when the power generation device P of each user stores surplus power, it is configured to be charged. The operation of each element of the above power distribution system is managed and controlled by an energy management system (EMS), and the deterioration index value when the shared storage battery of each user in the present embodiment described in detail later is used is acquired. The means and the means for calculating the billing amount of each user may be configured as part of the EMS. EMS is used for the operation of this embodiment such as the measured value of the state of the shared storage battery, the measurement result of the meter that measures the electric power (voltage, current) in the distribution line of each user, and the request for use of the shared storage battery of each user. In addition to receiving the necessary information by the method of ordinary wired communication or wireless communication, and giving a control command to execute the operation control of each element of the shared storage battery and each user based on the information. , The storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means and the charge amount calculation means may be fulfilled.

各ユーザーの課金額を算出するための装置(蓄電池劣化指標値取得手段、課金額算出手段)の構成
本実施形態による各ユーザーの共用蓄電池2の使用に対する課金額を算出装置は、典型的には、コンピュータ装置であってよく、通常の態様にて、図示していない双方向コモン・バスにより相互に連結されたCPU、記憶装置、入出力装置(I/O)が装備され、装置内の各部の作動は、CPUに於いてプログラムを実行することにより達成されることとなる(既に述べた如く、EMSの一部であってよい。)。図1(B)を参照して、実施の形態に於いて、本実施形態の装置は、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池2の使用電力量と、それらの使用時の共用蓄電池2の状態とを受信して、各ユーザーの使用電力量と劣化指標値とを記録するユーザー共用蓄電池使用記録部と、各ユーザーの使用記録と共用蓄電池の劣化状態とを受容して各ユーザーの課金額を算出するユーザー課金額算出部とを有する。ここで、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池2の使用電力量とは、各ユーザーが共用蓄電池2の蓄電された電力を利用する場合には、共用蓄電池2から放電され各ユーザーの配電枝線へ流れる電力量であり、各ユーザーがそれぞれの発電装置Pで発電した電力を共用蓄電池2へ蓄電する場合には、各ユーザーの配電枝線から共用蓄電池2へ流れる電力量である。劣化指標値とは、後に説明されるように、共用蓄電池2の使用時の、共用蓄電池2の劣化の進行に影響するパラメータ、例えば、蓄電池の温度、SOC(端子間電圧に相当)など、に対応して決定される数値、即ち、共用蓄電池2の状態の関数値である。共用蓄電池の劣化状態とは、共用蓄電池の現在の劣化の程度を表す指標であってよく、後に説明される如く、例えば、共用蓄電池2の満充電時の端子間電圧と、その後に一定時間放電した時点での端子間電圧との差電圧(過渡的差電圧)によって与えられてよい。そして、ユーザー課金額算出部は、後に述べる如く、各ユーザーの使用時に記録された使用電力量及び劣化指標値と、共用蓄電池の劣化状態とに基づいて、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池2の使用に対する課金額を算出する。
Configuration of a device (storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means, charge amount calculation means) for calculating the charge amount of each user A device for calculating the charge amount for the use of the shared storage battery 2 by each user according to the present embodiment is typically a device. , A computer device, and in a normal manner, is equipped with a CPU, a storage device, and an input / output device (I / O) connected to each other by a bidirectional common bus (not shown), and each part in the device. The operation of will be achieved by running the program on the CPU (which may be part of the EMS, as already mentioned). With reference to FIG. 1B, in the embodiment, the apparatus of the present embodiment receives the electric energy used by the shared storage battery 2 of each user and the state of the shared storage battery 2 at the time of their use. The user section that records the amount of power used by each user and the deterioration index value, and the user section that receives the usage record of each user and the deterioration state of the shared storage battery and calculates the charge amount of each user. It has an amount calculation unit. Here, the electric energy used by each user's shared storage battery 2 is the amount of electric energy discharged from the shared storage battery 2 and flowing to each user's distribution branch line when each user uses the stored electric energy of the shared storage battery 2. When each user stores the power generated by the power generation device P in the shared storage battery 2, it is the amount of power flowing from the distribution branch line of each user to the shared storage battery 2. As will be described later, the deterioration index value is a parameter that affects the progress of deterioration of the shared storage battery 2 when the shared storage battery 2 is used, for example, the temperature of the storage battery, SOC (corresponding to the voltage between terminals), and the like. It is a numerical value determined correspondingly, that is, a function value of the state of the shared storage battery 2. The deterioration state of the shared storage battery may be an index indicating the current degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery, and as will be described later, for example, the voltage between terminals when the shared storage battery 2 is fully charged and then discharged for a certain period of time. It may be given by the difference voltage (transient difference voltage) from the terminal voltage at the time when. Then, as will be described later, the user charge amount calculation unit is responsible for the use of the shared storage battery 2 by each user based on the amount of power used and the deterioration index value recorded at the time of use by each user and the deterioration state of the shared storage battery. Calculate the amount.

各ユーザーの課金額を算出するための処理作動
「発明の概要」の欄に於いて説明されている如く、蓄電池は、その使用と伴に、電気容量が低下し、充放電効率が低下する劣化を生ずるので、所定の期間毎に、定期的に、所定の使用サイクル毎に、或いは、寿命が来る毎に交換する必要があり、その交換には、費用が発生する(「充放電効率」とは、蓄電池を満充電するのに要する電力量に対する蓄電池から放電して利用できる電力量の割合(百分率)である。「寿命が来る」とは、蓄電池に於いて許容可能なレベルまで劣化が生ずることである。)。そして、蓄電池が複数のユーザーで共用される場合には、蓄電池の交換等に要する費用は、その蓄電池を使用するユーザーで負担することがある。この点に関し、或る蓄電池の使用による蓄電池の劣化の進み度合は、一般に、使用電力量だけでなく、蓄電池の状態にも依存し、例えば、蓄電池の充放電中の蓄電池の温度が高いほど、或いは、蓄電池のSOC又は端子間電圧が高いほど(SOCと端子間電圧は通常一対一に対応している。)、蓄電池の劣化の進行が早いことが分っている。従って、蓄電池を使用する複数のユーザーに於いて、蓄電池の交換等に要する費用を負担させる場合には、その負担を均等に分配するよりは、蓄電池の使用による蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に応じて、各ユーザーの負担割合を決定する方が、より公平であると考えられる。即ち、共用蓄電池の使用による劣化の進み度合の大きいユーザーは、進み度合の小さいユーザーよりも、費用をより多く負担することが考えられる。そこで、本実施形態に於いては、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用時に、蓄電池の充放電される電力量と共に、蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に影響する蓄電池の状態の、その影響の大きさを表す劣化指標値を取得し、その取得された情報に基づいて、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用による共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合を見積もり、その見積もりに応じて、各ユーザーの課金額が決定される。
Processing operation for calculating the charge amount of each user As explained in the column of "Overview of the invention", the storage battery deteriorates with its use, the electric capacity decreases, and the charge / discharge efficiency decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to replace it at regular intervals, at regular intervals, at regular usage cycles, or at the end of its life, and the replacement is costly (“charge / discharge efficiency”). Is the ratio (percentage) of the amount of power that can be discharged from the storage battery to the amount of power required to fully charge the storage battery. "The life has come" means that the storage battery deteriorates to an acceptable level. That is.). When the storage battery is shared by a plurality of users, the cost required for replacing the storage battery may be borne by the user who uses the storage battery. In this regard, the degree of deterioration of the storage battery due to the use of a certain storage battery generally depends not only on the amount of power used but also on the state of the storage battery. Alternatively, it is known that the higher the SOC or the voltage between terminals of the storage battery (the voltage between the SOC and the terminals usually has a one-to-one correspondence), the faster the deterioration of the storage battery progresses. Therefore, when multiple users who use a storage battery bear the cost required for replacement of the storage battery, rather than distributing the burden evenly, it depends on the progress of deterioration of the storage battery due to the use of the storage battery. , It is considered fairer to determine the burden ratio of each user. That is, it is conceivable that a user with a large degree of deterioration due to the use of a shared storage battery will bear more costs than a user with a small degree of progress. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the magnitude of the influence of the state of the storage battery, which affects the degree of deterioration of the storage battery, as well as the amount of power charged and discharged of the storage battery when the shared storage battery of each user is used is shown. The deterioration index value is acquired, the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to the use of the shared storage battery of each user is estimated based on the acquired information, and the charge amount of each user is determined according to the estimate.

各ユーザーの課金額を算出するための具体的な処理作動に於いては、図2を参照して、まず、各ユーザーが共用蓄電池を使用する間の処理作動として、現在使用している共用蓄電池がその使用開始時又は前回のユーザー課金額の算出時から、任意に設定されてよい所定期間が経過しているか否かが判断される(ステップ1)。ここでの所定期間は、例えば、1週間、1月、数ヶ月、1年、数年などの任意に設定される時間幅であってもよく、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用時間の長さ、充放電サイクル数で規定されてよい。或いは、ここでの判定は、共用蓄電池の劣化が所定の程度にて進む度に、共用蓄電池の劣化状態が許容可能な限界に到達するまでであってもよい。ここで、判定がイエスの場合には、後で説明される如く、具体的に各ユーザーの課金額を決定する処理が実行される。一方、判定がノーの場合、ユーザーによる利用による共用蓄電池の充放電の要求が発せられることを待機する状態となる(ステップ2)。 In the specific processing operation for calculating the charge amount of each user, first, as a processing operation while each user uses the shared storage battery, the shared storage battery currently used is used with reference to FIG. It is determined whether or not a predetermined period that may be arbitrarily set has elapsed since the start of use or the calculation of the previous user charge amount (step 1). The predetermined period here may be an arbitrarily set time width such as one week, January, several months, one year, several years, etc., and the length and charge of the user's shared storage battery may be used. It may be specified by the number of discharge cycles. Alternatively, the determination here may be made until the deterioration state of the shared storage battery reaches an acceptable limit each time the deterioration of the shared storage battery progresses to a predetermined degree. Here, if the determination is yes, a process of specifically determining the billing amount of each user is executed as described later. On the other hand, if the determination is no, it is in a state of waiting for a request for charging / discharging of the shared storage battery to be issued by the user (step 2).

ステップ2で、いずれかのユーザーによる利用による共用蓄電池の充放電の要求が発せられると、共用蓄電池の充放電が実行されて、その間の放電又は充電される電力量が計測され(ステップ3)、同時に、共用蓄電池の劣化に影響する状態、例えば、蓄電池の温度、蓄電池の端子間電圧等が検知される(ステップ4)。共用蓄電池の放電又は充電される電力量は、配電線に設けられたこの分野で通常利用されている電力を計測するための計測器で計測されてよい。蓄電池の温度、蓄電池の端子間電圧等は、蓄電池に備えられたこの分野で通常利用されているセンサにて検知されてよい。 When a request for charging / discharging of the shared storage battery is issued by any user in step 2, charging / discharging of the shared storage battery is executed, and the amount of power discharged or charged during that period is measured (step 3). At the same time, a state that affects the deterioration of the shared storage battery, for example, the temperature of the storage battery, the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery, and the like are detected (step 4). The amount of electric power to be discharged or charged from the shared storage battery may be measured by a measuring instrument provided in the distribution line for measuring electric power normally used in this field. The temperature of the storage battery, the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery, and the like may be detected by a sensor usually used in this field provided in the storage battery.

共用蓄電池の劣化に影響する状態が検知されると、検知された状態に対応した劣化指標値が決定される(ステップ5)。既に述べた如く、蓄電池の劣化は、蓄電池の充放電中の蓄電池の温度が高いほど、また、蓄電池のSOC又は端子間電圧が高いほど、その進行が早くなることが分っている。そこで、蓄電池の温度、端子間電圧等の状態を表すパラメータに対応して蓄電池の劣化の進む程度を予め実験等により調べ、パラメータ毎に、それらの値に対するその蓄電池の劣化の進む程度を数値化したマップを準備しておき、共用蓄電池の使用時には、検知された蓄電池の状態のパラメータに対する劣化指標値をマップから選択又は算出するようになっていてよい。例えば、蓄電池の温度については、図3(A)に示されている如きマップを利用して、蓄電池の温度の関数として、劣化指標値ktが算出され、蓄電池の端子間電圧については、図3(B)に示されている如きマップを利用して、蓄電池の端子間電圧の関数として、劣化指標値kvが算出されようになっていてよい(図から理解される如く、劣化指標値kt、kvは、蓄電池の劣化の進み具合の蓄電池の温度に対する特性、又は、蓄電池の端子間電圧に対する特性に基づいて実験的に決定されるようになっていてよい。)。なお、上記の例以外の蓄電池の状態を表すパラメータ(例えば、電流値など)に対応して劣化指標値が決定されてもよく、その場合も本発明の範囲に属することは理解されるべきである。 When a state that affects the deterioration of the shared storage battery is detected, a deterioration index value corresponding to the detected state is determined (step 5). As already described, it has been found that the deterioration of the storage battery progresses faster as the temperature of the storage battery during charging and discharging of the storage battery is higher and the SOC or voltage between terminals of the storage battery is higher. Therefore, the degree of deterioration of the storage battery is investigated in advance by experiments, etc. corresponding to the parameters indicating the state of the storage battery temperature, the voltage between terminals, etc., and the degree of deterioration of the storage battery is quantified for each parameter. When the shared storage battery is used, the deterioration index value for the detected parameter of the storage battery state may be selected or calculated from the map. For example, for the temperature of the storage battery, the deterioration index value kt is calculated as a function of the temperature of the storage battery using the map as shown in FIG. 3 (A), and for the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery, FIG. The deterioration index value kv may be calculated as a function of the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery by using the map as shown in (B) (as can be understood from the figure, the deterioration index value kt, The kv may be experimentally determined based on the characteristics of the degree of deterioration of the storage battery with respect to the temperature of the storage battery or the characteristics with respect to the voltage between terminals of the storage battery). It should be understood that the deterioration index value may be determined corresponding to a parameter (for example, a current value) indicating the state of the storage battery other than the above example, and even in that case, it belongs to the scope of the present invention. be.

そして、上記の如く、ユーザーによる利用による共用蓄電池の充放電による使用電力量Phと劣化指標値kt、kvが得られると、蓄電池の利用により生じたと推定される蓄電池の劣化の進み度合を表す量(以下、「蓄電池利用負担量」と称する。)が算出され、記録される(ステップ6)。1回のユーザーの共用蓄電池の利用による蓄電池利用負担量は、使用電力量Ph、劣化指標値kt、kvのそれぞれが大きいほど、大きな量となるように算出されてよい。具体的には、或るユーザーxの或る使用回nに於ける蓄電池利用負担量Axnは、例えば、以下の如く算出されてよい。
xn=ktxn・kvxn・Phxn …(1a)
或いは、
xn=(ktxn+kvxn)・Phxn …(1b)
或いは、
xn=ktxn+kvxn+Phxn …(1c)
ここで、ktxn、kvxn、Phxnは、それぞれ、ユーザーxの使用回nに於ける劣化指標値kt、kv、使用電力量Phである。なお、蓄電池利用負担量Axnが算出された時点で、その値に対応して、そのユーザーへの課金額が決定されてもよく、その場合も本発明の範囲に属することは理解されるべきである。
Then, as described above, when the amount of power used by charging / discharging the shared storage battery by the user and the deterioration index values kt and kv are obtained, the amount indicating the degree of deterioration of the storage battery estimated to have been caused by the use of the storage battery. (Hereinafter referred to as "storage battery usage burden") is calculated and recorded (step 6). The storage battery usage burden due to the use of the shared storage battery by one user may be calculated so that the larger each of the power consumption Ph, the deterioration index value kt, and kv is, the larger the amount is. Specifically, the storage battery usage burden amount A xn at a certain usage time n of a certain user x may be calculated as follows, for example.
A xn = kt xn · kv xn · Ph xn … (1a)
Or,
A xn = (kt xn + kv xn ) · Ph xn ... (1b)
Or,
A xn = kt xn + kv xn + Ph xn ... (1c)
Here, kt xn , kv xn , and Ph xn are deterioration index values kt, kv, and power consumption Ph, respectively, at the usage times n of the user x. It should be understood that when the storage battery usage burden amount A xn is calculated, the charge amount to the user may be determined corresponding to the value, and even in that case, it belongs to the scope of the present invention. Is.

上記のステップ1〜6の処理は、ステップ1にて判定がイエスになるまで反復して実行され、これにより、各ユーザーについての共用蓄電池の各使用回に於ける蓄電池利用負担量Axnが蓄積される。そして、ステップ1の所定期間が経過すると、それまでの蓄電池利用負担量Axnが集計され(ステップ7)、共用蓄電池の劣化状態が検出され(ステップ8)、各ユーザーの課金額が算出される(ステップ9)。 The above steps 1 to 6 are repeatedly executed until the determination is yes in step 1, whereby the storage battery usage burden amount A xn at each use of the shared storage battery for each user is accumulated. Will be done. Then, when the predetermined period of step 1 elapses, the storage battery usage burden amount A xn up to that point is totaled (step 7), the deterioration state of the shared storage battery is detected (step 8), and the charge amount of each user is calculated. (Step 9).

ステップ7の蓄電池利用負担量Axnの集計に於いては、各ユーザーの蓄電池利用負担量の総計Aaxは、
Aax=Σxn …(2)
にて与えられる(Σは、使用回nの総和。)。そして、共用蓄電池の蓄電池利用負担量の総計Aaが
Aa=ΣAax …(3)
にて与えられる(Σは、全ユーザーの総和。)。従って、所定期間に於ける各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の蓄電池利用負担量の割合Rxは、
Rx=Aax/Aa=Σxn/ΣAax …(4)
となる。割合Rxは、所定期間に於ける各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合の割合と推定することができるので、この割合にて、共用蓄電池の交換等の費用に対する各ユーザーの負担が決定され、その負担に応じて、各ユーザーの課金額が決定されてよい。
Is at the aggregation of storage battery use burden amount A xn of step 7, Aax total of battery use burden amount of each user,
Aax = Σ n A xn ... (2)
n is the sum of the times n used). Then, the total Aa of the storage battery usage burden of the shared storage battery is Aa = Σ x Ax ... (3)
x is the sum of all users). Therefore, the ratio Rx of the storage battery usage burden of each user's shared storage battery in a predetermined period is
Rx = Ax / Aa = Σ n A xn / Σ x Ax ... (4)
Will be. Since the ratio Rx can be estimated as the ratio of the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery of each user in a predetermined period, each user's burden for the cost of replacing the shared storage battery is determined by this ratio. The billing amount of each user may be determined according to the burden.

次いで、ステップ8に於いては、共用蓄電池の劣化状態が検出され、所定期間全体に亙る共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が決定される。共用蓄電池の劣化状態は、共用蓄電池の総電気容量又は充放電効率の低下幅にて表されるところ、この点に関し、既に触れた如く、共用蓄電池の総電気容量又は充放電効率は、図4(A)に説明されている如き、共用蓄電池2の満充電時の端子間電圧Vlimitと、その後に一定時間ΔTにて放電した時点での端子間電圧Vtとの電圧である過渡的差電圧ΔVoに対して、図4(B)、(C)に示されている如く、一対一の相関を有することが実験的に見出されている。そこで、過渡的差電圧ΔVoを計測し、その計測値が、共用蓄電池の劣化状態の指標値として用いられてよい。そして、所定期間に亙る共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合は、所定期間の開始前の過渡的差電圧ΔVoiと所定期間の経過時の過渡的差電圧ΔVoeとの差(ΔVoi−ΔVoe)により与えられてよい。更に、共用蓄電池2の使用開始時からその寿命時(交換が必要な状態となったとき)までの劣化の進み度合は、共用蓄電池2の使用開始時と寿命時の過渡的差電圧ΔVoの差分ΔUにより与えられるので、共用蓄電池2の寿命までの劣化の進み度合に対する所定期間に於ける共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合の比率Rは、
=(ΔVoi−ΔVoe)/ΔU …(5)
により与えられる。即ち、所定期間に於いては、比率Rにて共用蓄電池2を消耗したと考えることができる。
Next, in step 8, the deterioration state of the shared storage battery is detected, and the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery over the entire predetermined period is determined. The deterioration state of the shared storage battery is represented by the decrease in the total electric capacity or charge / discharge efficiency of the shared storage battery. As already mentioned in this regard, the total electric capacity or charge / discharge efficiency of the shared storage battery is shown in FIG. As described in (A), a transient difference voltage which is a voltage between the terminal voltage V limit when the shared storage battery 2 is fully charged and the terminal voltage Vt when the shared storage battery 2 is subsequently discharged at ΔT for a certain period of time. It has been experimentally found to have a one-to-one correlation with ΔVo, as shown in FIGS. 4 (B) and 4 (C). Therefore, the transient difference voltage ΔVo may be measured, and the measured value may be used as an index value of the deterioration state of the shared storage battery. The degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery over a predetermined period is given by the difference (ΔVoi−ΔVoe) between the transient difference voltage ΔVoi before the start of the predetermined period and the transient difference voltage ΔVoe after the elapse of the predetermined period. good. Further, the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery 2 from the start of use to the end of its life (when it becomes necessary to replace) is the difference between the transient difference voltage ΔVo between the start of use of the shared storage battery 2 and the end of its life. since it is given by .DELTA.U, the ratio R B of the advance degree of degradation of in the shared storage battery in a predetermined period for advances degree of degradation of the lifetime of the shared storage battery 2,
= R B (ΔVoi-ΔVoe) / ΔU ... (5)
Given by. That is, at a predetermined time period, at the ratio R B can be considered exhausted shared storage battery 2.

かくして、Rxは、所定期間に於ける各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用による共用蓄電池の劣化の進み具合の割合を示し、Rは、共用蓄電池2の寿命までの劣化の進み度合に対する所定期間に於ける共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合の割合を示すので、ステップ9に於いて、各ユーザーの課金額Cxは、R×Rxに応じて決定されてよく、これにより、共用蓄電池の使用による劣化の進み度合の大きいユーザーは、進み度合の小さいユーザーよりも、より多くの課金額が割り当てられることとなる。なお、共用蓄電池2の交換等の費用又は全ユーザーの課金額の総計Coとすると、各ユーザーの課金額Cxは、
Cx=R・Rx・Co …(6)
と与えられてよい(Coには、任意に共用蓄電池2の管理事業費や利益が含まれていてよい。)。また、各ユーザーの課金額Cxは、Rによらずに、Rxに応じて決定されてもよく、その場合も本発明の範囲に属することは理解されるべきである。
Thus, at Rx represents the ratio of the progress of deterioration of the shared storage battery by the use of the shared storage battery in each user in a predetermined period, R B is a predetermined period with respect to proceeds the degree of degradation of the lifetime of the shared storage battery 2 it indicates kick percentage of proceeds degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery, in step 9, the billing amount Cx of each user may be determined in accordance with the R B × Rx, thereby, the deterioration due to the use of shared storage battery A user with a high degree of progress will be allocated a higher billing amount than a user with a low degree of progress. Assuming that the total cost of replacement of the shared storage battery 2 or the charge amount of all users is Co, the charge amount Cx of each user is
Cx = R B · Rx · Co ... (6)
(Co may optionally include the management business cost and profit of the shared storage battery 2). Also, the billing amount Cx of each user, regardless of the R B, may be determined in accordance with the Rx, it is to be understood that within the scope of the case present invention.

課金額を抑制する態様
上記の本実施形態のシステムに於いては、各ユーザーの課金額は、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用による共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に依存して決定されるところ、かかる劣化の進み度合は、共用蓄電池の使用時の状態によっても変動するので、もし或るユーザーが、劣化指標値が高い状態で、共用蓄電池を使用すると、その分、そのユーザーの課金額がその分高くなってしまう。この点に関し、一般に、ユーザーが共用蓄電池を使用する場合、その使用時期に自由度がある場合がある。例えば、夜間に共用蓄電池を使用して車両の蓄電池に充電するべく、車両の蓄電池を配電線10に接続する場合、その接続が為されている時間幅よりも実際に充電に必要な時間が短く済むことがある。そのような場合には、共用蓄電池から車両の蓄電池への充電が劣化指標値の低い時間帯に実行されれば、その使用による共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が低減され、課金額も低減されることとなる。ところで、共用蓄電池の状態は、過去の履歴を参照することによって予測することが可能である。例えば、図5(A)に模式的に描かれている如く、1日に於ける共用蓄電池の状態に対応した劣化指標値の推移は、過去の履歴から推定可能であり、従って、例えば、1日のうちで、劣化指標値の高い時間帯或いは低い時間帯は、予測可能である。そこで、本実施形態のもう一つの態様に於いては、各ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用の要求があったときには、その要求の範囲内で、劣化指標値の低い時期を選択し、課金額が抑制できるようになっていてよい。
Aspects for Suppressing the Charge Amount In the system of the present embodiment described above, the charge amount of each user is determined depending on the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to the use of the shared storage battery of each user. The degree of deterioration varies depending on the state of use of the shared storage battery, so if a user uses the shared storage battery with a high deterioration index value, the user's billing amount will be that much. It will be expensive. In this regard, in general, when a user uses a shared storage battery, there may be a degree of freedom in the timing of its use. For example, when the vehicle storage battery is connected to the distribution line 10 in order to charge the vehicle storage battery using the shared storage battery at night, the time actually required for charging is shorter than the time width in which the connection is made. It may be done. In such a case, if the shared storage battery is charged from the shared storage battery to the vehicle storage battery during a time period when the deterioration index value is low, the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to its use is reduced, and the billing amount is also reduced. It will be. By the way, the state of the shared storage battery can be predicted by referring to the past history. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 5A, the transition of the deterioration index value corresponding to the state of the shared storage battery in one day can be estimated from the past history, and therefore, for example, 1 The time zone in which the deterioration index value is high or low is predictable in the day. Therefore, in another aspect of the present embodiment, when there is a request for the use of the shared storage battery of each user, a time when the deterioration index value is low is selected within the range of the request, and the billing amount is suppressed. You may be able to do it.

図5(B)を参照して、課金額の抑制を行う処理に於いては、図2のステップ2に於いて、ユーザーの共用蓄電池の使用の要求があると、その要求された使用時期と要求された充放電量の情報とが取得される(ステップ21)。情報は、各ユーザーが、任意の手法にて、各ユーザーの課金額を算出するための装置へ入力するようになっていてもよく、或いは、充放電を実行する機器が配電線10に接続されたときに自動的に接続された機器の状態を参照して装置へ入力されてもよい。しかる後、装置に於いて、要求された充放電量の情報に基づき、充放電に要する時間が推定され、要求された使用時期の範囲内で、劣化指標値の予測値が探索される(ステップ22)。そして、探索結果に於いて、劣化指標値の予測値が最小となる時期が、充放電の実施時期として決定され(ステップ23)、使用時期が到来すると(ステップ24)、図2のステップ3以降が実行される。なお、ステップ22に於ける劣化指標値の予測値の探索は、図5(A)の如く、1日又はそれ以上の期間に亙る劣化指標値の予測推移データが予め準備され、そのデータにて劣化指標値の予測値が最小となる時期が探索されてよい。劣化指標値の予測推移データは、過去の劣化指標値の履歴情報を用いて作成可能である。例えば、使用時期の決定は、過去の履歴に於ける時間等の情報を入力とし、劣化指標値を出力としたディープラーニング等の機械学習により構築された演算器を用いて、決定されてもよい。 In the process of suppressing the billing amount with reference to FIG. 5B, if there is a request for the user to use the shared storage battery in step 2 of FIG. Information on the requested charge / discharge amount is acquired (step 21). The information may be input by each user to a device for calculating the charge amount of each user by an arbitrary method, or a device for executing charging / discharging is connected to the distribution line 10. At that time, the status of the connected device may be referred to and input to the device. After that, in the device, the time required for charging / discharging is estimated based on the information of the requested charge / discharge amount, and the predicted value of the deterioration index value is searched within the range of the requested usage time (step). 22). Then, in the search result, the time when the predicted value of the deterioration index value becomes the minimum is determined as the execution time of charging / discharging (step 23), and when the time of use arrives (step 24), after step 3 in FIG. Is executed. In the search for the predicted deterioration index value in step 22, as shown in FIG. 5A, the predicted transition data of the deterioration index value over a period of one day or longer is prepared in advance, and the data is used. The time when the predicted deterioration index value becomes the minimum may be searched. The predicted transition data of the deterioration index value can be created by using the historical information of the past deterioration index value. For example, the time of use may be determined by using an arithmetic unit constructed by machine learning such as deep learning in which information such as time in the past history is input and the deterioration index value is output. ..

ところで、本実施形態のシステムの課金額を抑制する態様に於いては、劣化指標値が予測されるので、使用の度に、劣化指標値と使用電力量とから直接に課金額を算定する構成又は推定可能である構成の場合には、実際の共用蓄電池の使用の前に、共用蓄電池の使用による課金額の推定が可能である。その場合、或るユーザーが或る時に共用蓄電池の使用を要求した際の推定額が、系統電気を利用した場合の電気料金よりも高い場合には、共用蓄電池の使用をせずに、系統電気の利用をしたいと考えるであろう。従って、本実施形態のシステムに於いては、上記の如く、共用蓄電池の使用の要求に応答して、その課金額の推定額と配電網の系統電力の使用料とを取得してユーザーに提示し、共用蓄電池の使用を選択するか、或いは、系統電気の利用を選択することができるようになっていてよい。推定課金額配及び電網の系統電力の使用料の提示、共用蓄電池の使用又は系統電気の利用の選択は、各ユーザーに備えられたタッチパネル等の表示・入力手段を用いて適宜達成されてよい。 By the way, in the mode of suppressing the charge amount of the system of the present embodiment, since the deterioration index value is predicted, the charge amount is calculated directly from the deterioration index value and the amount of power used each time the system is used. Alternatively, in the case of a configuration that can be estimated, it is possible to estimate the charge amount by using the shared storage battery before actually using the shared storage battery. In that case, if the estimated amount when a user requests the use of the shared storage battery at a certain time is higher than the electricity charge when using the grid electricity, the grid electricity is not used and the grid electricity is not used. Will want to take advantage of. Therefore, in the system of the present embodiment, as described above, in response to the request for the use of the shared storage battery, the estimated amount of the charge amount and the usage fee of the grid power of the distribution network are acquired and presented to the user. However, it may be possible to select the use of a shared storage battery or the use of grid electricity. The estimated charge distribution, the presentation of the grid power usage fee of the grid, the selection of the shared storage battery or the use of the grid electricity may be appropriately achieved by using a display / input means such as a touch panel provided for each user.

以上の説明は、本発明の実施の形態に関連してなされているが、当業者にとつて多くの修正及び変更が容易に可能であり、本発明は、上記に例示された実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の概念から逸脱することなく種々の装置に適用されることは明らかであろう。 Although the above description is made in relation to the embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art, and the present invention is limited to the embodiments exemplified above. It will be apparent that, without limitation, it applies to various devices without departing from the concept of the present invention.

Claims (1)

共用蓄電池が設置され複数のユーザーが前記共用蓄電池を使用可能な配電システムであって、
各ユーザーの前記共用蓄電池の使用時にその使用による前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合に影響する前記共用蓄電池の状態の劣化への影響の大きさを表す劣化指標値を取得する蓄電池劣化指標値取得手段と、
各ユーザーの前記共用蓄電池の使用に対する各ユーザーの課金額を算出する課金額算出手段にして、前記共用蓄電池の使用に於ける前記劣化指標値を用いて推定される前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が大きかったユーザーの課金額を、前記共用蓄電池の使用に於ける前記劣化指標値を用いて推定される前記共用蓄電池の劣化の進み度合が小さかったユーザーよりも、多くする手段と、
を含むシステム。
A power distribution system in which a shared storage battery is installed and multiple users can use the shared storage battery.
Storage battery deterioration index value acquisition means for acquiring a deterioration index value indicating the magnitude of the influence on the deterioration of the state of the shared storage battery, which affects the degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery due to the use of the shared storage battery by each user. When,
The degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery estimated by using the deterioration index value in the use of the shared storage battery as a billing amount calculating means for calculating the charge amount of each user for the use of the shared storage battery by each user. A means to increase the charge amount of the user who had a large amount of money as compared with the user who had a small degree of deterioration of the shared storage battery estimated by using the deterioration index value in the use of the shared storage battery.
System including.
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