JP2021175371A - Feed composition for ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a feed composition that prevents separation of components from occurring during truck transport by simple means, the feed composition made by blending roughage, concentrated pellet feed and a rumen bypass additive.SOLUTION: A feed composition for ruminants contains, relative to 100 pts.wt. of pellet feed in a columnar pellet form with a diameter of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, a rumen bypass additive with a particle size of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less of 0.5 pt.wt. or more and 80 pts.wt or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a ruminant feed composition comprising a pellet feed and a rumen bypass additive.

Ruminant feeds are composed of roughages (grass, etc.), concentrates (corn, beans, wheat, etc.), and dietary supplement additives, and the nutritional balance is designed according to body weight and growth conditions.

Most feeds are fed in a premixed and molded state of one or more feed ingredients. In addition to such over-the-counter preformed feeds, farmers may provide their own feed additives for nutritional support.

Rumen bypass additives for ruminants, which have become common in recent years, are one such feed additive. The main nutrients that are supplemented as nutrients to the ruminant feed are physiologically active substances such as amino acids, but if nutrients such as amino acids are added to the ruminant feed as they are, they inhabit the rumen (ruminant stomach) of the ruminants. Since microorganisms consume this, products have been released in which nutrients are coated with a protective agent such as fats and oils in order to allow the rumen to pass through. This is a lumen bypass additive.

As an example of a rumen bypass additive, at least one protective agent selected from hardened vegetable oils or hardened animal oils having a melting point higher than 50 ° C. and lower than 90 ° C., lecithin, basic amino acids of 40% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight, and 0. Patent Document 1 discloses a dispersed type lecithin animal feed additive composition containing 01 to 6% by weight of water. This is obtained, for example, obtained by melting and mixing lysine hydrochloride, hydrogenated soybean oil, and lecithin, dropping them in water, cooling and solidifying them, and drying them.

Japanese Patent No. 5040919

This lumen bypass additive is generally mixed by the farmer himself in addition to the roughage and the concentrate when feeding the ruminants, but in order to reduce the labor load of the farmer, a product containing the lumen bypass additive in advance. Is required. Lumen bypass additives are often coated with bioactive substances with fats and oils to allow ruminants such as cattle to pass through, but such fats and oils coated products include a steam process when forming feed. It was found that the fats and oils were dissolved in.

Therefore, it was considered to uniformly mix the molded feed and the lumen bypass additive.

However, when the pellet-shaped feed and the lumen bypass additive are uniformly mixed and transported by truck among the shapes to be molded, the pellet-type feed and the lumen bypass additive are classified by the vibration during transportation, and the lumen bypass additive is produced. It is known that it does not work as a product because it gathers at the bottom of the bag.

An object of the present invention is to provide a feed composition in which a feed obtained by molding a feed raw material into a pellet shape and a rumen bypass additive are mixed so that classification hardly occurs even during truck transportation by a simple means.

The biggest factor for classifying mixed granules into each granule is the difference in specific gravity, followed by the sedimentation resistance. From the viewpoint of product design, the present inventor pays attention to the sedimentation resistance, not the difference in specific gravity, and in particular. The particle sizes of pellet-type feed and rumen bypass additives were examined.

Then, by using a pellet-type feed having a columnar shape having a specific particle size and combining it with a lumen bypass additive having a specific particle size, the classification of the two does not become a problem even when transported by truck over a long distance. I found.

The present invention has been made based on such findings.
It is characterized by containing 0.5 parts by weight or more and 80 parts by weight or less of a lumen bypass additive having a particle size of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of a feed having a cylindrical pellet shape having a diameter of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Feed composition for anti-corrosive animals.
Is to provide.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, the pellet-type feed and the lumen bypass additive can be made into a mixture which is not classified even by truck transportation, thereby saving the labor of adding the lumen bypass additive to the feed when the farmer feeds.

It is a photograph of the pellet type feed and the lumen bypass additive used in the example. It is a graph which showed the mixing ratio of each rumen bypass additive of the upper part of a bag, the middle part of a bag, and the lower part of a bag after a mixture of a pellet type feed having a particle size of 2 mm and a lumen bypass additive was packed in a bag and transported by truck. It is a graph which showed the mixing ratio of each rumen bypass additive of the upper part of a bag, the middle part of a bag, and the lower part of a bag after truck transportation when the particle size of the pellet type mixed feed is 3.2 mm. It is a graph which showed the mixing ratio of each rumen bypass additive of the upper part of a bag, the middle part of a bag, and the lower part of a bag after truck transportation when the particle size of the pellet type mixed feed is 4.5 mm. It is a graph which showed the mixing ratio of each rumen bypass additive of the upper part of a bag, the middle part of a bag, and the lower part of a bag after truck transportation when the particle size of the pellet type mixed feed is 6.0 mm. It is a graph which showed the mixing ratio of each rumen bypass additive of the upper part of a bag, the middle part of a bag, and the lower part of a bag after truck transportation when the particle size of the pellet type mixed feed is 8.0 mm.

The ruminant feed composition of the present invention comprises a feed and a rumen bypass additive.

Roughage used as feed includes stems and leaves of grass, wild grass, straw, and leaves, rice straw, straw, rice husks, soybean hulls, sawdust, bagasse, and the like.

Concentrated feed includes corn, barley, rye, millet, cottonseed, soybean and other shells, rice bran, bran and other bran, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and other oil cakes, beer meal, sake meal, soybean meal and other brewing. A wide variety of animal meals such as lees, fish meal, and bone meal.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ordinance stipulates three uses for feed additives that may be fed together with feed. Each of these uses is to prevent deterioration of feed quality, supplement nutritional components of feed and other active ingredients, and promote effective utilization of nutritional components contained in feed. Types of each use include antioxidants, fungicides, binders, emulsifiers, and modifiers to prevent deterioration of feed quality. Uses for supplementing nutritional components and other active ingredients in feed include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and color enhancers (carotenoids). And, as an application for promoting the effective utilization of the nutritional component contained in the feed, there are a powerful antibacterial agent, an antibiotic, a flavoring agent, a taste agent, an enzyme, a viable agent, and an organic acid.

The feed may be molded by mixing the feed raw materials used in the feed. In addition, it may be mixed and molded by containing feed additives. Shapes to be molded include mash, pellets, crumble, fine powder, flakes, pellets & flakes, mash & flakes, granules and the like.

The feed of the present application is made into columnar pellets. In pelletization, steam is added to the powdered raw material, and excipients may be added at the time of molding performed by pressure molding with a machine such as a pellet mill. The shape of the pellet is columnar, but both ends are in principle fractured. The diameter of the cylinder is about 1 mm or more, preferably about 1.5 mm or more, more preferably about 2 mm or more based on the average diameter based on the number of samples (a simple average of the values obtained by extracting about 20 samples and measuring the diameter of each one with a caliper). Yes, it is about 5 mm or less, preferably about 4.5 mm or less, and more preferably about 4 mm or less. The diameter of this cylinder can be changed by changing the diameter of the holes to be extruded during pellet production. If the diameter is less than 1 mm, it will be smaller in size than the lumen bypass additive and classification may occur. If it exceeds 5 mm, it will be larger in size than the lumen bypass additive and classification may occur. The length of the cylinder is usually about 2 to 10 mm, generally about 3 to 8 mm.

The lumen bypass additive is a physiologically active substance such as an amino acid coated with a protective agent such as fat or oil.

A biologically active substance is added to a diet for dietary supplementation, and a biologically active substance is a substance that can exhibit a bioactive function in the living body when ingested by a ruminant animal. Examples thereof include amino acids and salts thereof, vitamins, enzymes, proteins, peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, steroids and the like.

Specific examples of biologically active substances include histidine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, ornithine, cystine, citrulin, threonine, serine, tyrosine, hydroxytryptophan and the like. Amino acids or salts thereof; vitamins such as vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamine), folic acid, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin (preferably water-soluble vitamins); xanthin, guanine and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, as the amino acid, any of L-form, D-form and DL-form can be used. The salt of the amino acid is preferably a salt that is physiologically acceptable, and examples thereof include a salt with an inorganic base, a salt with an inorganic acid, and a salt with an organic acid. Examples of the salt with the inorganic base include salts with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium, salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, and ammonium salts. Examples of the salt with the inorganic acid include salts with hydrohalic acid (hydrochloride, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc.), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Examples of the salt with an organic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and the like.

As the biologically active substance, any of those extracted and purified from naturally occurring animals and plants, or those obtained by a chemical synthesis method, a fermentation method, an enzymatic method or a gene recombination method may be used. Further, a commercially available product may be used as it is or after being crushed.

Protective agents protect physiologically active substances in the rumen, and usually animal or vegetable hydrogenated oils are used. In particular, vegetable hydrogenated oils such as soybean hydrogenated oil, rapeseed hydrogenated oil, peanut hydrogenated oil, olive hydrogenated oil, cottonseed hydrogenated oil, and palm hydrogenated oil are preferably used. In addition, wax or wax can also be used. Since the protective agent is heated and melted to disperse the physiologically active substance therein, it is preferably having a melting point of about 40 to 90 ° C.

Since hydrogenated oils, waxes and waxes, which are protective agents, are lipophilic, it is preferable to modify the surface of the physiologically active substance with lecithin or the like, which is an anionic surfactant.

Regarding the ratio of the physiologically active substance to the protective agent in the lumen bypass additive, since the original target substance is the physiologically active substance, it is preferable that the ratio of the physiologically active substance is as large as possible within the range where the lumen can be safely passed.
It is appropriate that the physiologically active substance is 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, and less than 90% by weight, preferably less than 80% by weight. Lecithin is preferably about 0 to 6% by weight, preferably about 1 to 2% by weight. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the protective stability of the lumen bypass additive, it is preferable to include water, and the appropriate water content is about 2 to 6% by weight, preferably about 3 to 6% by weight. The residue is, in principle, a protective agent.

The shape of the lumen bypass additive does not matter, but it is usually pellet-shaped, for example, ellipsoidal (rugby ball) or pressed barley. The particle size is important to avoid classification with pellet-type feed due to vibration during truck transportation, and the average diameter based on the number is about 1 mm or more, preferably about 2 mm or more and about 5 mm or less, preferably about 4 mm or less. be. This particle size is a measured value of the minor axis. If the particle size is less than 1 mm, the size may be too small and feed and classification may occur. If it exceeds 5 mm, manufacturing processing becomes difficult.

According to a known method, a physiologically active substance such as that described in Patent Document 1 is pulverized as necessary and mixed with lecithin, and then a protective agent such as fat or oil is added thereto. Alternatively, there is a method in which lecithin and a protective agent are added together and heated to melt and mix the protective agent, and the molten mixture is dropped from a porous shooter or the like into cooling water. Most of the lumen bypass additives obtained by this method are elliptical spherical, and in addition, pressed barley-like additives are also obtained, which are difficult to classify, and are particularly preferable for the present invention.

The mixing ratio of the feed and the lumen bypass additive can be arbitrarily set depending on the purpose of use of the feed composition, etc., but usually, about 0.5 to 80 parts by weight of the lumen bypass additive with respect to 100 parts by weight of the feed, particularly 1 to 1 part by weight. It is about 70 parts by weight.

The pellet-type feed and the lumen bypass additive may be mixed by using a normal mixer, and for example, a Nauta-type mixer, a ribbon-type mixer, a rotary container-type mixer, or the like can be used. After mixing, it is usually packed in a bag, but other containers may be used, and if the truck is a powder transport vehicle having a hopper function, it may be loaded on the truck and transported as it is.

The target ruminants of the feed composition also include cattle, goats, sheep, and the like.

The feed contains grains such as corn, heat-treated corn, barley, wheat and mylo, vegetable oil residue such as soybean oil residue, bran and other components, and other components such as molasses, vitamins and minerals, and these powders. The raw material was steam-added and pressure-molded with a pellet mill.

Lumen bypass additives are 40% by weight of finely ground feed lysine hydrochloride (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) with an average particle size of 75 μm, 1.0% by weight of soy lecithin (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), and soybean extremely hydrogenated oil (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.). Melting point 67 ° C.; 59% by weight of Yokoseki Oil & Fat Industry Co., Ltd.) were weighed and mixed thoroughly. Next, the above composition raw material is put into the hopper of a 2-axis extruder for laboratories (Laboruder model name; Marko II manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd.) and preheated (preheating temperature 60 ° C., main heating temperature 85 ° C., outlet setting). The composition raw material was continuously fed from the hopper to the inlet at 9 kg / h into the screw under rotation (400 rpm) at a temperature of 70 ° C.). The molten mixture that was conveyed into the screw, heated, melted, and mixed was discharged in a fine and uniform molten slurry state from the extruder outlet excluding the die plate. The discharged molten mixture in the slurry state was put into a porous shooter (number of holes; 30 holes, hole size; diameter 2 mm) installed directly below. The molten mixture in the slurry state temporarily stored in the porous shooter was dispersed by 30 pores. The molten mixture in the slurry state is discharged from multiple pores of the porous shooter at a low rate of 0.3 kg / h from one pore, and becomes complete droplets for cooling the granules that are in a stirring state directly underneath. It was dropped into a water tank (20 ° C.), cooled, and instantly solidified. At this time, the distance between the bottom surface of the porous shooter and the water surface of the granule cooling water tank was 20 cm. The shape of the granules, which was the solidified mixture thus obtained, was a flatly deformed rugby ball with a minor axis (average diameter) of 2.5 mm, and the specific gravity was 1.05 to 1.15.

A photograph of the above pellet-type feed and lumen bypass additive is shown in FIG.

0.8 kg of a lumen bypass additive was added to 19.2 kg of the above pellet-type feed, mixed with a drum mixer, and then sealed in a tare. Each bag of pellet-type feed having a columnar diameter of 2.0 mm, 3.2 mm, 4.5 mm, 6.0 mm and 8.0 mm was mounted on a truck and transported by truck from Kawasaki to Hokkaido. After transportation, the upper part of the bag was opened, and 1 kg each was taken out with a feed scoop, and the ratio of the lumen bypass additive in the upper part, the middle part, and the lower part of the bag was examined.

The results obtained are shown in Tables 1-5.

The mixing ratio of each bag shown in Table 1 at each position after transportation is shown in FIG.

The mixing ratio of each bag shown in Table 2 at each position after transportation is shown in FIG.

The mixing ratio of each bag shown in Table 3 at each position after transportation is shown in FIG.

The mixing ratio of each bag shown in Table 4 at each position after transportation is shown in FIG.

The mixing ratio of each bag shown in Table 5 at each position after transportation is shown in FIG.

As a result of the above, it was found that if the diameter of the pellet is 5 mm or less, the classification does not become a problem between the pellet type feed and the lumen bypass additive even if the long-distance truck transportation is performed.

According to the present invention, since the pellet type feed and the rumen bypass additive can be transported by truck without being classified, a feed composition for ruminants in which both are mixed in advance can be commercialized.

Claims (5)

A ruminant animal characterized by containing 0.5 parts by weight or more and 80 parts by weight or less of a lumen bypass additive having a particle size of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of a pellet-type feed having a diameter of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Feed composition for use. The feed composition for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the lumen bypass additive is obtained by heating and melting a protective agent to disperse a biologically active substance therein and dropping it into cooling water. thing. The ruminant feed composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biologically active substance is an amino acid. The ruminant feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protective agent is a hydrogenated vegetable oil. The ruminant feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is packaged.

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