JP2021168063A - Vehicle identification system - Google Patents

Vehicle identification system Download PDF

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JP2021168063A
JP2021168063A JP2020071569A JP2020071569A JP2021168063A JP 2021168063 A JP2021168063 A JP 2021168063A JP 2020071569 A JP2020071569 A JP 2020071569A JP 2020071569 A JP2020071569 A JP 2020071569A JP 2021168063 A JP2021168063 A JP 2021168063A
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JP7108360B2 (en
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嵩智 渡邉
Takatomo Watanabe
昌彦 岡田
Masahiko Okada
博司 原田
Hiroshi Harada
功 松永
Isao Matsunaga
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Ydk Technologies Co Ltd
Acquisition Technology and Logistics Agency ATLA
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Acquisition Technology and Logistics Agency ATLA
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Abstract

To provide a vehicle identification system using a transponder having a simpler configuration than before.SOLUTION: A vehicle identification system includes a reference device mounted on a main vehicle, and one or plural response devices mounted on one or plural sub vehicles, respectively. The reference device transmits a transmission wave of a predetermined frequency to the sub vehicle and identifies the sub vehicle based on a response wave to the transmission wave, and the response device transmits the response wave, which is a frequency deviation of the transmission wave by an identification frequency uniquely set to the own sub vehicle toward the main vehicle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、車識別システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a vehicle identification system.

下記特許文献1には、飛行中の航空機の機体を識別すると共に飛行位置を捕捉する航空交通管制情報処理システムが開示されている。この航空交通管制情報処理システムは、航空路監視レーダ等の地上レーダから受信した電波を航空機のトランスポンダで処理することにより、航空機に固有に割り当てられた識別コード等を地上レーダに応答送信するものである。 Patent Document 1 below discloses an air traffic control information processing system that identifies an airframe of an aircraft in flight and captures the flight position. This air traffic control information processing system processes radio waves received from ground radars such as air route monitoring radars with an aircraft transponder, and sends an identification code uniquely assigned to the aircraft in response to the ground radars. be.

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/joho_tsusin/koukuu_musen/pdf/070614_1_s2.pdf(SSRモードSシステムの概要及び運用状況:国土交通省航空局)http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/joho_tsusin/koukuu_musen/pdf/070614_1_s2.pdf (Overview and operation status of SSR mode S system: Civil Aviation Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)

ところで、このようなレーダ波に応答するタイプのトランスポンダは、アンテナで受信した受信波を復調装置で中間周波数にダウンコンバートした後にデータ処理装置で受信データの解析を行い、識別信号生成装置で生成した固有識別信号を変調装置でアップコンバートしてアンテナから送信する応答装置であり、装置構成が比較的複雑である。したがって、このような応答装置を装備の設置容積が制限される車に搭載することは困難である。 By the way, in such a type of transponder that responds to radar waves, the received wave received by the antenna is down-converted to an intermediate frequency by a demodulator, the received data is analyzed by a data processing device, and the transponder is generated by an identification signal generator. It is a response device that up-converts the unique identification signal with a modulation device and transmits it from the antenna, and the device configuration is relatively complicated. Therefore, it is difficult to install such a response device in a vehicle in which the installation volume of the equipment is limited.

本発明は、上述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、従来よりも簡単な構成の応答装置を用いた車識別システムの提供を目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle identification system using a response device having a simpler configuration than the conventional one.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明では、車識別システムに係る第1の解決手段として、主車に搭載される基準装置と、1あるいは複数の副車にそれぞれ搭載される1あるいは複数の応答装置とを備え、前記基準装置は、前記副車に向けて所定の基準周波数の送信波を送信すると共に前記送信波に対する応答波に基づいて前記副車を識別し、前記応答装置は、自らの前記副車に固有に設定された識別周波数だけ前記送信波を周波数偏移させた前記応答波を前記主車に向けて送信する、という手段を採用する。 In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, as a first solution relating to a vehicle identification system, a reference device mounted on a main vehicle and one or a plurality of responses mounted on one or a plurality of sub-vehicles, respectively. The reference device includes a device, the reference device transmits a transmission wave of a predetermined reference frequency toward the sub-vehicle, and the sub-vehicle is identified based on a response wave to the transmission wave, and the response device owns itself. A means is adopted in which the response wave obtained by shifting the frequency of the transmitted wave by the identification frequency uniquely set for the sub vehicle is transmitted to the main vehicle.

本発明では、車識別システムに係る第2の解決手段として、上記第1の解決手段において、前記基準装置は、異なる複数の基準周波数の送信波を送信し、当該送信波に対する前記応答波に基づいて前記副車との距離を検出する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a second solution according to the vehicle identification system, in the first solution, the reference device transmits a transmission wave having a plurality of different reference frequencies, and is based on the response wave to the transmission wave. The means of detecting the distance to the sub vehicle is adopted.

本発明では、車識別システムに係る第3の解決手段として、上記第1または第2の解決手段において、前記基準装置は、前記送信波を水平方向に送信するレーダを備え、当該レーダを用いて前記送信波を送信すると共に前記応答波を受信することにより前記副車の方位を検出する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a third solution according to the vehicle identification system, in the first or second solution, the reference device includes a radar that transmits the transmitted wave in the horizontal direction, and the radar is used. A means of detecting the direction of the sub-vehicle by transmitting the transmitted wave and receiving the response wave is adopted.

本発明では、車識別システムに係る第4の解決手段として、上記第1〜第3のいずれかの解決手段において、前記基準装置は、所定の仰角範囲に走査状に前記送信波を送信し、当該送信波の前記応答波を受信することにより前記副車の仰角を検出する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a fourth solution according to the vehicle identification system, in any of the first to third solutions, the reference device transmits the transmitted wave in a scanning manner within a predetermined elevation angle range. A means of detecting the elevation angle of the sub-vehicle by receiving the response wave of the transmitted wave is adopted.

本発明では、車識別システムに係る第5の解決手段として、上記第1〜第4のいずれかの解決手段において、前記基準装置は、前記応答波のドップラーシフトに基づいて前記副車の走行速度を検出する、という手段を採用する。 In the present invention, as a fifth solution according to the vehicle identification system, in any of the first to fourth solutions, the reference device is based on the Doppler shift of the response wave, and the traveling speed of the sub-vehicle. Is adopted.

本発明によれば、従来よりも簡単な構成のトランスポンダを用いた車識別システムを提供することが可能である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vehicle identification system using a transponder having a simpler configuration than before.

本発明の一実施形態に係る車識別システムのシステム構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the system structure of the vehicle identification system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態における基準装置及び応答装置の機能構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of the reference apparatus and the response apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る車識別システムのスキャン動作を示す第1及び第2の模式図である。It is a 1st and 2nd schematic diagram which shows the scanning operation of the vehicle identification system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態における応答波の周波数特性を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the frequency characteristic of the response wave in one Embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の一実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態に係る車識別システムは、図1に示すように主車Mに搭載される基準装置mと、4台の副車R1〜R4にそれぞれ搭載される4つの応答装置r1〜r4とを備えている。なお、図1では4台の副車R1〜R4を示しているが、これは便宜的なものであり、副車R1〜R4の台数つまり応答装置r1〜r4の個数は特に限定されず、1あるいは複数である。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle identification system according to the present embodiment includes a reference device m mounted on the main vehicle M and four response devices r1 to r4 mounted on the four sub-vehicles R1 to R4, respectively. I have. Although four sub-vehicles R1 to R4 are shown in FIG. 1, this is for convenience, and the number of sub-vehicles R1 to R4, that is, the number of response devices r1 to r4 is not particularly limited. Or more than one.

主車M及び副車R1〜R4は、隊列を組んで走行する走行車両である。基準装置mは、副車R1〜R4に向けて所定周波数fの電波を送信波I(f)として送信すると共に当該送信波I(f)に対する応答波A(f)に基づいて副車R1〜R4を個別に識別する通信装置である。ここで、上記周波数fは基準装置mが用いる基準周波数である。また「n」は自然数であり、副車R1〜R4を総称する場合の添え字である。 The main vehicle M and the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 are traveling vehicles that travel in a platoon. Datum m, based on the response wave A (f n) to the transmission wave radio waves of a predetermined frequency f 0 toward Fukukuruma R1 to R4 I (f 0) the transmission wave I (f 0) sends a This is a communication device that individually identifies the sub-vehicles R1 to R4. Here, the frequency f 0 is a reference frequency used by the reference device m. Further, "n" is a natural number and is a subscript when the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 are collectively referred to.

この基準装置mは、図2(a)に示すように、レーダ1、方位検出装置2、演算装置3及び表示装置4を備えている。レーダ1は、上記送信波I(f)を生成して所定方向に走査状に順次放射すると共に所定方向から進入する応答波A(f)を順次受信する。このレーダ1は、応答波A(f)の周波数fをレーダ検出信号として演算装置3に出力する。なお、上記送信波I(f)の周波数帯域は、例えばマイクロ波帯である。 As shown in FIG. 2A, the reference device m includes a radar 1, a direction detection device 2, an arithmetic device 3, and a display device 4. The radar 1 generates the transmission wave I (f 0 ), sequentially radiates it in a predetermined direction in a scanning manner, and sequentially receives a response wave A (f n) that enters from the predetermined direction. The radar 1 outputs the frequency f n of the response wave A (f n ) to the arithmetic unit 3 as a radar detection signal. The frequency band of the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) is, for example, a microwave band.

ここで、上記送信波I(f)は、主に副車R1〜R4を識別するためのものである。本実施形態の基準装置mは、送信波I(f)に加えて、副車R1〜R4との距離を検出するために、異なる複数の基準周波数f01、f02(距離基準周波数)を有する2つの送信波I(f01)、I(f02)を生成する。 Here, the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) is mainly for identifying the sub-vehicles R1 to R4. In addition to the transmitted wave I (f 0 ), the reference device m of the present embodiment uses a plurality of different reference frequencies f 01 and f 02 (distance reference frequencies) in order to detect the distance from the sub-vehicles R1 to R4. Two transmitted waves I (f 01 ) and I (f 02 ) having are generated.

このレーダ1における送信波I(f)の放射方向つまり送信波I(f)の走査範囲は、水平範囲については主車Mを中心とした360°の範囲、また垂直範囲(仰角範囲)については水平方向を中心にΔG(例えば60°)の範囲である。なお、送信波I(f)の水平方向における放射方向は、例えば図3(a)に示すように主車Mの走行方向を基準角とし、当該基準角に対する偏差角度(水平角θ)によって表される。 The radiation direction of the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) in the radar 1, that is, the scanning range of the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) is a horizontal range of 360 ° centered on the main vehicle M and a vertical range (elevation angle range). Is in the range of ΔG (for example, 60 °) centered on the horizontal direction. The radiation direction of the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) in the horizontal direction is determined by, for example, the traveling direction of the main vehicle M as a reference angle as shown in FIG. 3A, and a deviation angle (horizontal angle θ) with respect to the reference angle. expressed.

方位検出装置2は、主車Mを基準とする副車R1〜R4の現在位置を方位として検出する装置であり、例えばレーダ1の回転軸に設けられたロータリーエンコーダである。この方位検出装置2は、副車R1〜R4の現在位置(方位)を位置検出信号として演算装置3に出力する。なお、主車Mの現在位置を自立的に検出する場合は、GPS(Global Positioning System)等の衛星測距システムに基づいて現在位置を検出してもよい。 The directional detection device 2 is a device that detects the current positions of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 with reference to the main vehicle M as the directional direction, and is, for example, a rotary encoder provided on the rotation axis of the radar 1. The orientation detection device 2 outputs the current positions (directions) of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 to the arithmetic unit 3 as a position detection signal. When the current position of the main vehicle M is independently detected, the current position may be detected based on a satellite ranging system such as GPS (Global Positioning System).

演算装置3は、上記レーダ検出信号及び位置検出信号に基づいて、副車R1〜R4を個別に識別すると共に副車R1〜R4の方位、走行速度及び仰角並びに副車R1〜R4との距離を演算する。この演算装置3は、演算結果として、副車R1〜R4毎の車番、速度(走行速度)、距離、方位(位置)及び仰角を表示装置4に出力する。表示装置4は、このような演算装置3の演算結果を画像として表示する。 The arithmetic unit 3 individually identifies the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 based on the radar detection signal and the position detection signal, and determines the directions, traveling speeds and elevation angles of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, and the distance from the sub-vehicles R1 to R4. Calculate. The arithmetic unit 3 outputs the vehicle number, speed (traveling speed), distance, direction (position), and elevation angle of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 as the calculation result to the display device 4. The display device 4 displays the calculation result of such a calculation device 3 as an image.

一方、応答装置r1〜r4は、自らの副車R1〜R4に固有に設定された識別周波数f〜fだけ上記送信波を周波数偏移させた電波を上記応答波として主車Mに向けて送信する通信装置である。 On the other hand, the response device r1~r4 is directed to the main vehicle M own the sub car R1~R4 radio waves by frequency shift only the transmitted wave identification frequency f 1 ~f 4 which is set unique as the response wave It is a communication device that transmits.

より具体的には、応答装置r1は、基準装置mから基準周波数fの送信波I(f)を受信すると、識別周波数fだけ周波数偏移させた電波つまり周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)を主車Mに向けて送信する。応答装置r2は、基準装置mから基準周波数fの送信波I(f)を受信すると、識別周波数fだけ周波数偏移させた電波つまり周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)を主車Mに向けて送信する。 More specifically, when the response device r1 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) of the reference frequency f 0 from the reference device m, the response device r1 is a radio wave whose frequency is deviated by the identification frequency f 1 , that is, the response of the frequency f 0 + f 1. Wave A (f 0 + f 1 ) is transmitted toward the main vehicle M. When the response device r2 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) of the reference frequency f 0 from the reference device m, the response device r2 is a radio wave whose frequency is deviated by the identification frequency f 2 , that is, the response wave A (f 0 + f) of the frequency f 0 + f 2. 2 ) is transmitted to the main vehicle M.

応答装置r3は、基準装置mから基準周波数fの送信波I(f)を受信すると、識別周波数fだけ周波数偏移させた電波つまり周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)を主車Mに向けて送信する。応答装置r4は、基準装置mから基準周波数fの送信波I(f)を受信すると、識別周波数fだけ周波数偏移させた電波つまり周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)を主車Mに向けて送信する。 When the response device r3 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) of the reference frequency f 0 from the reference device m, the response device r3 is a radio wave whose frequency is deviated by the identification frequency f 3 , that is, the response wave A (f 0 + f) of the frequency f 0 + f 3. 3 ) is transmitted to the main vehicle M. When the response device r4 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) of the reference frequency f 0 from the reference device m, the response device r4 is a radio wave whose frequency is deviated by the identification frequency f 4 , that is, the response wave A (f 0 + f) of the frequency f 0 + f 4. 4 ) is transmitted to the main vehicle M.

このような応答装置r1〜r4は、図2(b)に示すように、受信アンテナ5、位相器6、送信アンテナ7及び識別信号発生器8を備えている。受信アンテナ5は、レーダ1から放射される送信波I(f)を受信し、受信信号に変換して位相器6に出力する。位相器6は、識別信号発生器から入力される識別信号を用いて受信信号に位相変調を施すことにより、受信信号の周波数つまり周波数fを識別信号の周波数(識別周波数f〜f)だけ周波数偏移させた応答信号を生成して送信アンテナ7に出力する。 As shown in FIG. 2B, such response devices r1 to r4 include a receiving antenna 5, a phase device 6, a transmitting antenna 7, and an identification signal generator 8. The receiving antenna 5 receives the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) radiated from the radar 1, converts it into a received signal, and outputs it to the phase controller 6. The phase device 6 performs phase modulation on the received signal using the identification signal input from the identification signal generator, so that the frequency of the received signal, that is, the frequency f 0 is the frequency of the identification signal (identification frequencies f 1 to f 4 ). A response signal with a frequency shift is generated and output to the transmitting antenna 7.

送信アンテナ7は、上記応答信号を応答波A(f)に変換し、当該応答波A(f)をレーダ1に向けて放射する。識別信号発生器8は、個別の識別信号を生成して位相器6に出力する。 The transmitting antenna 7 converts the response signal into a response wave A (f n ) and radiates the response wave A (f n ) toward the radar 1. The identification signal generator 8 generates an individual identification signal and outputs it to the phase generator 6.

すなわち、応答装置r1の識別信号発生器8は、識別周波数fの識別信号を生成して位相器6に出力し、応答装置r2の識別信号発生器8は、識別周波数fの識別信号を生成して位相器6に出力し、応答装置r3の識別信号発生器8は、識別周波数fの識別信号を生成して位相器6に出力し、応答装置r4の識別信号発生器8は、識別周波数fの識別信号を生成して位相器6に出力する。 That is, the identification signal generator 8 of the response device r1 outputs the phase shifter 6 generates an identification signal of the identification frequencies f 1, the identification signal generator 8 of the response device r2 is an identification signal for identifying a frequency f 2 It generates and outputs the phase shifter 6, the identification signal generator 8 of the response device r3 outputs the phase shifter 6 generates an identification signal of the identification frequencies f 3, the identification signal generator 8 of the response device r4 is and it generates an identification signal identifying the frequency f 4 to output to the phase shifter 6.

また、位相器6のうち、応答装置r1の位相器6は、周波数f+fの応答信号を生成して送信アンテナ7に出力し、応答装置r2の位相器6は、周波数f+fの応答信号を生成して送信アンテナ7に出力し、応答装置r3の位相器6は、周波数f+fの応答信号を生成して送信アンテナ7に出力し、応答装置r4の位相器6は、周波数f+fの応答信号を生成して送信アンテナ7に出力する。 Further, among the phase devices 6, the phase device 6 of the response device r1 generates a response signal having a frequency f 0 + f 1 and outputs the response signal to the transmitting antenna 7, and the phase device 6 of the response device r2 has a frequency f 0 + f 2. output response signal generated by the transmission antenna 7, the phase shifter 6 of the response device r3 generates a response signal of a frequency f 0 + f 3 and outputs it to the transmission antenna 7, the phase shifter 6 of the response device r4 is , A response signal with a frequency of f 0 + f 4 is generated and output to the transmitting antenna 7.

すなわち、各副車R1〜R4の応答装置r1〜r4のうち、副車R1の応答装置r1は、レーダ1から送信波I(f)を受信すると、周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)をレーダ1に向けて送信し、副車R2の応答装置r2は、レーダ1から送信波I(f)を受信すると、周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)をレーダ1に向けて送信する。 That is, among the response devices r1 to r4 of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, when the response device r1 of the sub-vehicle R1 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) from the radar 1 , the response wave A (of frequency f 0 + f 1) ( When f 0 + f 1 ) is transmitted toward the radar 1 and the response device r2 of the sub-vehicle R2 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) from the radar 1, the response wave A (f 0 + f) of the frequency f 0 + f 2 is received. 2 ) is transmitted toward radar 1.

また、副車R3の応答装置r3は、レーダ1から送信波I(f)を受信すると、周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)をレーダ1に向けて送信し、副車R4の応答装置r4は、レーダ1から送信波I(f)を受信すると、周波数f+fの応答波A(f+f)をレーダ1に向けて送信する。 Further, when the response device r3 of the sub vehicle R3 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) from the radar 1, it transmits the response wave A (f 0 + f 3 ) of the frequency f 0 + f 3 toward the radar 1 and subordinates. When the response device r4 of the vehicle R4 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ) from the radar 1, it transmits the response wave A (f 0 + f 4 ) having a frequency of f 0 + f 4 toward the radar 1.

ここで、上述した4つの周波数f+f、f+f、f+f、f+fは、所定幅の周波数差を持つ。すなわち、4つの識別周波数f、f、f、fは、所定幅の周波数差を持つように、また副車R1〜R4毎に固有の値として予め設定されている。 Here, the four frequencies f 0 + f 1 , f 0 + f 2 , f 0 + f 3 , and f 0 + f 4 described above have a frequency difference of a predetermined width. That is, the four identification frequencies f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , and f 4 are preset as unique values for each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 so as to have a frequency difference of a predetermined width.

次に、本実施形態に係る車識別システムの動作について、図3及び図4をも参照して詳しく説明する。 Next, the operation of the vehicle identification system according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

主車Mの基準装置mは、副車R1〜R4を識別する場合、図3(a)及び図3(b)に示すように水平方向全周(360°の範囲)及び所定の仰角範囲ΔDに亘って送信波I(f)を走査状に順次放射する。すなわち、基準装置mのレーダ1は、水平方向に360°、また垂直方向にΔθの角度範囲に送信波I(f)を所定の順番で順次放射する。なお、送信波I(f)は、図3に示すように指向性が比較的狭い電波である。 When identifying the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, the reference device m of the main vehicle M has a horizontal entire circumference (range of 360 °) and a predetermined elevation range ΔD as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The transmitted wave I (f 0 ) is sequentially radiated in a scanning manner. That is, the radar 1 of the reference device m sequentially emits the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) in an angular range of 360 ° in the horizontal direction and Δθ in the vertical direction in a predetermined order. The transmitted wave I (f 0 ) is a radio wave having a relatively narrow directivity as shown in FIG.

このような主車Mの基準装置mに対して各副車R1〜R4の応答装置r1〜r4では、受信アンテナ5が送信波I(f)を受信した場合に、位相器6が識別信号発生器8から入力された識別周波数f〜fを用いて送信波I(f)の基準周波数fを偏移させた応答波A(f)を生成し、送信アンテナ7が当該応答波A(fn)をレーダ1に向けて放射する。そして、レーダ1は、このような応答波A(f)を受信して周波数fをレーダ検出信号として演算装置3に順次出力する。また、この演算装置3には、方位検出装置2から主車Mの現在位置が位置検出信号として順次入力される。 In the response devices r1 to r4 of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 with respect to the reference device m of the main vehicle M, when the receiving antenna 5 receives the transmission wave I (f 0 ), the phase unit 6 gives an identification signal. The identification frequencies f 1 to f 4 input from the generator 8 are used to generate a response wave A (f n ) in which the reference frequency f 0 of the transmission wave I (f 0 ) is shifted, and the transmission antenna 7 corresponds to this. The response wave A (fn) is radiated toward the radar 1. Then, the radar 1 receives such a response wave A (f n ) and sequentially outputs the frequency f n as a radar detection signal to the arithmetic unit 3. Further, the current position of the main vehicle M is sequentially input to the arithmetic unit 3 from the directional detection device 2 as a position detection signal.

演算装置3は、このように順次入力される周波数fと主車Mの現在位置とに基づいて以下のように各副車R1〜R4の車番、速度(走行速度)、距離、方位(位置)及び仰角を演算する。最初に各副車R1〜R4の車番については、周波数fの基準周波数fからの偏移(周波数差Δf)を演算し、この周波数差を予め記憶している識別周波数f〜fと比較することによって特定する。 Based on the frequency f n sequentially input in this way and the current position of the main vehicle M, the arithmetic unit 3 has the vehicle numbers, speeds (traveling speeds), distances, and directions of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 as follows. Position) and elevation angle are calculated. First, for the vehicle numbers of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, the deviation (frequency difference Δf) of the frequency f n from the reference frequency f 0 is calculated, and the identification frequencies f 1 to f in which this frequency difference is stored in advance are calculated. Identified by comparing with 4.

すなわち、演算装置3には、車番と識別周波数f〜fとの関係を示すデータ(車番データ)が予め記憶されている。演算装置3は、この車番データを用いることにより周波数差Δfが識別周波数f〜fの何れに相当するかを判断し、この判断結果に基づいて車番を特定する。 That is, the arithmetic unit 3 stores in advance data (vehicle number data) indicating the relationship between the vehicle number and the identification frequencies f 1 to f 4. The arithmetic unit 3 determines which of the identification frequencies f 1 to f 4 the frequency difference Δf corresponds to by using the vehicle number data, and specifies the vehicle number based on the determination result.

ここで、主車Mあるいは/及び各副車R1〜R4が走行(移動)していた場合、応答波A(f)の周波数fは周知のドップラー効果によって周波数偏移(ドップラーシフトΔf)する。このドップラーシフトΔfは、主車Mと各副車R1〜R4との相対速度に依存する。 Here, when the main vehicle M and / and the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 are traveling (moving), the frequency f n of the response wave A (f n ) is frequency-shifted (Doppler shift Δf d ) due to the well-known Doppler effect. )do. This Doppler shift Δf d depends on the relative speed between the main vehicle M and each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4.

このようなドップラー効果の性質を用いることにより、演算装置3は、副車R1からレーダ1が受信する応答波A(f+f)のドップラーシフトΔfd1に基づいて主車Mと副車R1との相対速度を演算し、副車R2からレーダ1が受信する応答波A(f+f)のドップラーシフトΔfd2に基づいて主車Mと副車R2との相対速度を演算する。 By using such a property of the Doppler effect, the arithmetic unit 3 uses the main vehicle M and the auxiliary vehicle R1 based on the Doppler shift Δf d1 of the response wave A (f 0 + f 1) received by the radar 1 from the auxiliary vehicle R1. The relative speed between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R2 is calculated based on the Doppler shift Δf d2 of the response wave A (f 0 + f 2 ) received by the radar 1 from the sub vehicle R2.

また、演算装置3は、副車R1からレーダ1が受信する応答波A(f+f)のドップラーシフトΔfd3に基づいて主車Mと副車R3との相対速度を演算し、副車R4からレーダ1が受信する応答波A(f+f)のドップラーシフトΔfd4に基づいて主車Mと副車R4との相対速度を演算する。 Further, the arithmetic unit 3 calculates the relative speed between the main vehicle M and the auxiliary vehicle R3 based on the Doppler shift Δf d3 of the response wave A (f 0 + f 3 ) received by the radar 1 from the auxiliary vehicle R1 and calculates the relative speed between the main vehicle M and the auxiliary vehicle R3. The relative speed between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R4 is calculated based on the Doppler shift Δf d4 of the response wave A (f 0 + f 4 ) received by the radar 1 from R4.

続いて、各副車R1〜R4の距離の検出について説明する。基準装置mのレーダ1は、2周波CW方式に基づいて、異なる2つの基準周波数f01、f02(距離基準周波数)を有する2つの送信波I(f01)、I(f02)を周囲に向けて順次放射する。そして、各応答装置r1〜r4は、このような2つの送信波I(f01)、I(f02)に対して、距離基準周波数f01、f02を識別周波数f〜fを用いて偏移させた応答波A(f)をレーダ1に向けて放射する。 Subsequently, the detection of the distance of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 will be described. The radar 1 of the reference device m surrounds two transmitted waves I (f 01 ) and I (f 02 ) having two different reference frequencies f 01 and f 02 (distance reference frequency) based on the dual frequency CW method. It radiates sequentially toward. Then, each of the response devices r1 to r4 uses the distance reference frequencies f 01 and f 02 for the two transmitted waves I (f 01 ) and I (f 02 ) using the identification frequencies f 1 to f 4. The shifted response wave Ad (f n ) is radiated toward the radar 1.

すなわち、副車R1の応答装置r1は、周波数f01+fの応答波A(f01+f)と周波数f02+fの応答波A(f02+f)とをレーダ1に向けて順次放射する。また、副車R2の応答装置r2は、周波数f01+f2の応答波A(f01+f)と周波数f02+fの応答波A(f02+f)とをレーダ1に向けて順次放射する。 That is, the response unit r1 of Fukukuruma R1 directs the frequency f 01 + response wave of f 1 A d (f 01 + f 1) and the frequency f 02 + f 1 response wave A d (f 02 + f 1 ) to the radar 1 And radiate sequentially. The response device r2 of Fukukuruma R2 is toward the frequency f 01 + response wave f2 A d (f 01 + f 2) and the frequency f 02 + f 2 of the response wave A d (f 02 + f 2 ) to the radar 1 Radiate sequentially.

また、副車R3の応答装置r3は、周波数f01+fの応答波A(f01+f)と周波数f02+fの応答波A(f02+f)とをレーダ1に向けて順次放射する。また、副車R4の応答装置r4は、周波数f01+fの応答波A(f01+f)と周波数f02+fの応答波A(f02+f)とをレーダ1に向けて順次放射する。 The response device r3 of Fukukuruma R3 directs the response wave A d of the frequency f 01 + f 3 (f 01 + f 3) and the frequency f 02 + f response wave A d (f 02 + f 3 ) 3 in the radar 1 And radiate sequentially. The response device r4 of Fukukuruma R4 directs the frequency f 01 + response wave f 4 A d (f 01 + f 4) and the frequency f 02 + f 4 of the response wave A d (f 02 + f 4 ) to the radar 1 And radiate sequentially.

そして、レーダ1は、このような応答波A(f)の波形信号を演算装置3に順次出力する。そして、演算装置3は、上記波形信号にFFT処理を施すことにより、2つの応答波A(f)における識別周波数成分の位相φ、φを副車R1〜R4毎つまり先に検出した車番毎に演算する。 Then, the radar 1 sequentially outputs such a waveform signal of the response wave Ad (f n) to the arithmetic unit 3. Then, the arithmetic unit 3 detects the phases φ 1 and φ 2 of the identification frequency components in the two response waves Ad (f n ) for each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, that is, first, by performing the FFT process on the waveform signal. Calculate for each car number.

すなわち、演算装置3は、副車R1について2つの応答波A(f01+f1)、A(f02+f1)の識別周波数f1成分の位相φ11、φ12を演算し、副車R2について2つの応答波A(f01+f)、A(f02+f)の識別周波数f成分の位相φ21、φ22を演算する。 That is, the arithmetic unit 3, for Fukukuruma R1 2 Responses wave A d (f 01 + f 1 ), A d (f 02 + f 1) of the identification frequencies f 1 component of the phase phi 11, calculates the phi 12, vice For the car R2, the phases φ 21 and φ 22 of the identification frequencies f 2 components of the two response waves Ad (f 01 + f 2 ) and Ad (f 02 + f 2 ) are calculated.

また、演算装置3は、副車R3について2つの応答波A(f01+f)、A(f02+f)の識別周波数f成分の位相φ31、φ32を演算し、副車R4について2つの応答波A(f01+f)、A(f02+f)の識別周波数f成分の位相φ41、φ42を演算する。 The arithmetic unit 3 is, for Fukukuruma R3 2 Responses wave A d (f 01 + f 3 ), A d (f 02 + f 3) of identification frequency f 3 components of the phase phi 31, calculates the phi 32, vice For the car R4, the phases φ 41 and φ 42 of the identification frequencies f 4 components of the two response waves Ad (f 01 + f 4 ) and Ad (f 02 + f 4 ) are calculated.

そして、演算装置3は、上記位相φ、φの差分(位相差Δφ)を副車R1〜R4毎に演算する。すなわち、演算装置3は、位相φ11、φ12に基づいて位相差Δφを演算し、位相φ21、φ22に基づいて位相差Δφを演算し、位相φ31、φ32に基づいて位相差Δφを演算し、位相φ41、φ42に基づいて位相差Δφを演算する。 Then, the arithmetic unit 3 calculates the phase phi 1, phi 2 of the difference (phase difference [Delta] [phi) for each Fukukuruma R1 to R4. That is, the arithmetic unit 3, the phase phi 11, calculates the phase difference [Delta] [phi 1 based on phi 12, the phase phi 21, calculates the phase difference [Delta] [phi 2 on the basis of the phi 22, the phase phi 31, based on the phi 32 The phase difference Δφ 3 is calculated, and the phase difference Δφ 4 is calculated based on the phases φ 41 and φ 42.

そして、演算装置3は、位相差Δφ及び基準周波数差Δf(=|f01−f02|)を下式(1)に代入することにより距離Dを演算する。なお、式(1)における「c」は電波の伝搬速度つまり光速である。
D=cΔφ/(4πΔf) (1)
Then, the arithmetic unit 3 calculates the distance D by substituting the phase difference Δφ and the reference frequency difference Δf 0 (= | f 01 −f 02 |) into the following equation (1). Note that "c" in the equation (1) is the propagation speed of radio waves, that is, the speed of light.
D = cΔφ / (4πΔf) (1)

すなわち、演算装置3は、位相差Δφと基準周波数差Δfと式(1)とを用いることにより主車Mと副車R1との距離Dを演算し、位相差Δφと基準周波数差Δfと式(1)とを用いることにより主車Mと副車R2との距離Dを演算する。また、演算装置3は、位相差Δφと基準周波数差Δfと式(1)とを用いることにより主車Mと副車R3との距離Dを演算し、位相差Δφと基準周波数差Δfと式(1)とを用いることにより主車Mと副車R4との距離Dを演算する。 That is, the arithmetic unit 3 calculates the distance D 1 between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R1 by using the phase difference Δφ 1 , the reference frequency difference Δf 0, and the equation (1), and calculates the phase difference Δφ 2 and the reference frequency. The distance D 2 between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R2 is calculated by using the difference Δf 0 and the equation (1). Further, the arithmetic unit 3 calculates the distance D 3 between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R3 by using the phase difference Δφ 3 , the reference frequency difference Δf 0, and the equation (1), and calculates the phase difference Δφ 4 and the reference frequency. The distance D 4 between the main vehicle M and the sub vehicle R4 is calculated by using the difference Δf 0 and the equation (1).

続いて、各副車R1〜R4の方位(位置)の検出について説明する。基準装置mのレーダ1は、図3(a)に示すように、水平方向に360°つまり主車Mを中心とした水平方向全周に亘って送信波I(f)を順次放射する。これに対して、各副車R1〜R4の応答装置r1〜r4は、応答波A(f)をレーダ1に向けて放射する。 Subsequently, the detection of the orientation (position) of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3A, the radar 1 of the reference device m sequentially emits the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) at 360 ° in the horizontal direction, that is, over the entire circumference in the horizontal direction centered on the main vehicle M. On the other hand, the response devices r1 to r4 of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 radiate the response wave A (f n ) toward the radar 1.

すなわち、レーダ1は、各副車R1〜R4つまり応答装置r1〜r4の水平方向から入射する応答波A(f)を最も強度が強い電波として受信する。したがって、演算装置3は、レーダ1から入力される応答波A(f)の波形信号のうちレベルが最も大きいものに相当するレーダ1の水平角θから各副車R1〜R4の方位(位置)を求める。 That is, the radar 1 receives the response wave A (f n ) incident from the horizontal direction of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, that is, the response devices r1 to r4 as the strongest radio wave. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 3 has the direction (position) of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 from the horizontal angle θ of the radar 1 corresponding to the waveform signal of the response wave A (f n) input from the radar 1 having the highest level. ).

最後に、各副車R1〜R4の仰角の検出について説明する。レーダ1は、図3(a)に示すように、仰角範囲ΔGに亘って送信波I(f)を走査状に順次放射する。これに対して、各副車R1〜R4の応答装置r1〜r4は、応答波A(f)をレーダ1に向けて放射する。 Finally, the detection of the elevation angle of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3A, the radar 1 sequentially radiates the transmitted wave I (f 0 ) in a scanning manner over the elevation angle range ΔG. On the other hand, the response devices r1 to r4 of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 radiate the response wave A (f n ) toward the radar 1.

すなわち、レーダ1は、各副車R1〜R4つまり応答装置r1〜r4の垂直方向から入射する応答波A(f)を最も強度が強い電波として受信する。したがって、演算装置3は、レーダ1から入力される応答波A(f)の波形信号のうちレベルが最も大きいものに相当するレーダ1の垂直方向を各副車R1〜R4の仰角として求める。そして、演算装置3は、このようにして検出した各副車R1〜R4の車番、速度(走行速度)、距離、方位(位置)及び仰角を表示装置4に出力して画像表示させる。 That is, the radar 1 receives the response wave A (f n ) incident from the vertical direction of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4, that is, the response devices r1 to r4 as the strongest radio wave. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 3 obtains the vertical direction of the radar 1, which corresponds to the waveform signal of the response wave A (f n ) input from the radar 1, which has the highest level, as the elevation angle of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4. Then, the arithmetic unit 3 outputs the vehicle number, speed (traveling speed), distance, direction (position), and elevation angle of each of the sub-vehicles R1 to R4 detected in this way to the display device 4 to display an image.

本実施形態によれば、応答装置r1〜r4は基準周波数fに対して自らに固有に設定された識別周波数f〜fだけ周波数を変位させた応答波A(f)を生成するので、従来よりも簡単な応答装置r1〜r4つまり従来よりも簡単な構成のトランスポンダを用いた車識別システムを提供することが可能である。 According to this embodiment, the response unit r1~r4 generates a response wave A (f n) of displacing the frequency by identifying the frequency f 1 ~f 4 which is set unique to itself to the reference frequency f 0 Therefore, it is possible to provide a vehicle identification system using the response devices r1 to r4, which are simpler than the conventional ones, that is, a transponder having a simpler configuration than the conventional ones.

M 主車
m 基準装置
R1〜R4 副車
r1〜r4 応答装置
1 レーダ
2 方位検出装置
3 演算装置
4 表示装置
5 受信アンテナ
6 位相器
7 送信アンテナ
8 識別信号発生器
M Main car m Reference device R1 to R4 Secondary car r1 to r4 Response device 1 Radar 2 Direction detection device 3 Arithmetic device 4 Display device 5 Receive antenna 6 Phase device 7 Transmit antenna 8 Identification signal generator

Claims (5)

主車に搭載される基準装置と、
1あるいは複数の副車にそれぞれ搭載される1あるいは複数の応答装置とを備え、
前記基準装置は、前記副車に向けて所定の基準周波数の送信波を送信すると共に前記送信波に対する応答波に基づいて前記副車を識別し、
前記応答装置は、自らの前記副車に固有に設定された識別周波数だけ前記基準周波数を周波数偏移させた前記応答波を前記主車に向けて送信する
ことを特徴とする車識別システム。
The reference device mounted on the main car and
Equipped with one or more response devices mounted on one or more sub-vehicles, respectively.
The reference device transmits a transmission wave having a predetermined reference frequency toward the sub vehicle, and identifies the sub vehicle based on a response wave to the transmission wave.
The response device is a vehicle identification system characterized in that the response wave having the reference frequency deviated by the identification frequency uniquely set for the sub vehicle is transmitted to the main vehicle.
前記基準装置は、異なる複数の基準周波数の送信波を送信し、当該送信波に対する前記応答波に基づいて前記副車との距離を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車識別システム。 The vehicle identification system according to claim 1, wherein the reference device transmits transmitted waves having a plurality of different reference frequencies and detects a distance from the sub-vehicle based on the response wave to the transmitted wave. .. 前記基準装置は、前記送信波を水平方向に送信するレーダを備え、当該レーダを用いて前記送信波を送信すると共に前記応答波を受信することにより前記副車の前記水平方向における方位を検出することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の車識別システム。 The reference device includes a radar that transmits the transmitted wave in the horizontal direction, and detects the orientation of the sub-vehicle in the horizontal direction by transmitting the transmitted wave and receiving the response wave using the radar. The vehicle identification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vehicle identification system is characterized in that. 前記基準装置は、所定の仰角範囲に走査状に前記送信波を送信し、当該送信波の前記応答波を受信することにより前記副車の仰角を検出することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の車識別システム。 Claims 1 to 3 include that the reference device transmits the transmitted wave in a scanning manner in a predetermined elevation angle range, and detects the elevation angle of the auxiliary vehicle by receiving the response wave of the transmitted wave. The vehicle identification system according to any one of the above. 前記基準装置は、前記応答波のドップラーシフトに基づいて前記副車の走行速度を検出することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の車識別システム。

The vehicle identification system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reference device detects the traveling speed of the auxiliary vehicle based on the Doppler shift of the response wave.

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