JP2021146930A - Tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tractor capable of performing tilling work, which is the tractor that can, while efficiently preventing a rotary tiller from unintentionally being driven reversely at high speed, allow the rotary tiller to simply and rapidly drive itself reversely in a suitable situation.SOLUTION: A tractor comprises: an engine mounted in a traveling machine body; a rotating shaft which outputs power to a rotary tiller liftably connected to the traveling machine body; forward-reverse rotation switching operation means which performs forward-reverse switching in the rotation direction of the rotating shaft; and a control part which can detect the forward-reverse switching or the operation thereof, and controls a rotation speed of the engine. The control part, on the condition that it is confirmed that the rotary tiller is reversely driven, controls low-speed rotation in which a low rotation speed is a predetermined value or a predetermined engine rotation speed range which lowers the engine rotation speed from a normal rotation speed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

The present invention relates to a tractor capable of performing tillage work.

A rotary shaft that outputs power to an engine mounted on the traveling machine and a rotary tiller provided in the traveling machine so as to be rotationally driven by the power transmitted from the engine and connected to the traveling machine so as to be able to move up and down. Conventionally, a tractor provided with a forward / reverse switching operation means for switching forward / reverse switching in the rotation direction of the rotating shaft.

According to the tractor having this configuration, the rotary tillage device is driven in reverse to drive the soil concentratedly piled up in the four corners of the field or a predetermined range due to the tillage work performed by driving the rotary tillage device in the forward direction. While the soil gathering work is easier to level, the tiller claws of the rotary tiller are usually designed only to be driven in the forward direction, and the rotary tiller is unintentionally reversed at high speed. If it is driven, it may cause problems such as failure.

In order to prevent such a problem, when the speed change mechanism of the rotating shaft is switched at high speed, the tractor shown in Patent Document 1 that regulates the drive of the rotary tiller (see, for example, Patent Document 1) The tractor shown in Patent Document 2 that allows reverse drive of a rotary tiller by a forward / reverse switching operation means has been developed and is known only under limited conditions.

According to the tractors shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, while it is possible to surely prevent the rotary tiller from being reversely driven at high speed, it is necessary to switch to a state where the rotary tiller is allowed to be reversely driven, which is troublesome. Will increase.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-217783

The present invention is a tractor capable of performing tillage work, and it is possible to efficiently prevent the rotary tiller from being unintentionally driven in reverse at a high speed, and to operate the rotary tiller under appropriate conditions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tractor that can be easily and quickly executed in reverse driving.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a tractor capable of performing tillage work, and the traveling machine body is rotationally driven by an engine mounted on the traveling machine body and power transmitted from the engine. A rotating shaft that outputs power to a rotary tiller that is provided in the above and is connected to the traveling machine so as to be able to move up and down, a forward / reverse switching operating means that switches the rotation direction of the rotating shaft in the forward / reverse direction, and the forward / reverse switching or At least, it is confirmed that the rotary tiller is driven in reverse by the forward / reverse switching, which is provided with a control unit capable of detecting the operation and controlling the rotation speed of the engine. One condition is an engine having a predetermined value or range in which the engine speed is lowered from the normal speed, which is the engine speed in a predetermined value or range when the rotary tiller is driven in a normal rotation. It is characterized by executing low-speed rotation control that sets the low-speed rotation speed, which is the rotation speed.

Secondly, it is provided with a mode switching operation tool capable of turning on / off operation, and the fact that the on / off operation by the mode switching operation tool is detected by the control unit is also one of the conditions for executing the low speed rotation control. It is characterized by.

Thirdly, the notification means is provided, and when the control unit is executing the low-speed rotation control, the notification means is used for notification.

When it is confirmed that the rotary tiller is driven in reverse, the engine speed is switched to a low speed, so that it is efficient that the rotary tiller is unintentionally driven in reverse at high speed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tractor that can be easily and quickly executed by reversely driving the rotary tillage device under appropriate conditions.

According to one of the conditions for executing the low-speed rotation control, the control unit includes a mode switching operation tool capable of turning on / off operation, and the on operation by the mode switching operation tool is detected. In some cases, the rotary tiller can be intentionally driven in reverse at high speed, improving versatility.

When the control unit is provided with the notification means and the control unit is executing the low-speed rotation control, according to the notification means, it is possible to prevent unnecessary work during that time and also to intend. It is also prevented that the rotary tiller is driven in reverse at a low speed in the non-operated state.

It is an overall side view which showed the agricultural tractor to which this invention was applied. It is a top view which showed the control part. (A) is a front view of a main part showing a control part, and (B) is a plan view showing an operation panel. It is a side view of the main part which showed the working state of a rotary tiller. (A) is a diagram showing the work route of the soil gathering work during the tilling work, and (B) is a diagram showing the work route of the soil gathering work after the puddling work. It is a block diagram of a control part. It is a processing flow diagram of soil gathering control.

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing an agricultural tractor to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a main part showing a control part, and FIG. 3A is a main part showing a control part. It is a front view of a part, and FIG. 3B is a plan view which showed the operation panel. This tractor, which is a kind of work vehicle, has a pair of left and right front wheels 1, 1 and rear wheels 2, 2, a traveling body 3 supported by front and rear wheels 1, 2 and an elevating link 4 at the rear of the traveling body 3. The rotary tillage device 6 is provided as a work machine that is vertically connected to the rotary tillage device, and the rotary tillage device 6 is driven in a state where the rotary tillage device 6 is raised and lowered to the working height on the field side. , The field can be cultivated.

The traveling machine body 3 is supported by a traveling device including a pair of left and right front wheels 1, 1 and rear wheels 2, 2 and extends in the front-rear direction, and an engine mounted and fixed on the front portion of the body frame 7. A bonnet 8 that can be opened and closed (not shown), a control unit 9 that is arranged behind the bonnet 8 and on which an operator rides, and an inverted U-shaped safety frame supported on the rear side of the control unit 9. Has 10 and.

The control unit 9 is arranged below the seat 11 on which the operator sits, the steering handle 12 arranged on the front side of the seat 11 so as to be steerable around the steering axis, and the steering handle 12 below. The PTO speed change lever (forward / reverse switching operation means) 13 that operates the drive speed of the rotary tiller 6 and the steering handle 12 are arranged directly below the rotary tiller 6 to operate the switching of the ascending / descending operation of the rotary tiller 6. The work equipment elevating lever (quick up lever) 14, the front panel 16 arranged in front of the steering handle 12, and the side operation panel 17 arranged on the left and right side (right in the illustrated example) of the seat 11. A floor step 18 formed between the steering handle 12 and the seat 11 is provided, and a brake operating tool (brake pedal) for braking the traveling machine body 3 is provided on the floor step 18 side. 15 is provided (see FIGS. 1 to 3 (A)).

The PTO speed change lever 13 is configured to be swingable in the up-down (front-back) direction from a state of being swung to the left or right from the neutral position by a lever guide (not shown) formed in an H shape. Specifically, the PTO shift lever 13 is configured to be capable of shifting to a low speed position, a medium speed position, and a high speed position (1st speed, 2nd speed, 3rd speed), so that the drive speed of the PTO shaft can be set to 3. In addition to being configured to be able to shift gears in stages, it is also configured to be able to switch to a reverse drive position where the PTO shaft is reverse driven.

The side operation panel 17 is provided with a main speed change lever 19 for performing a traveling speed change operation by swinging back and forth on the front side thereof, and an elevating position of the rotary tillage device so as to be parallel to the left and right inside of the main speed change lever 19. A work equipment elevating lever (position control lever) 21 for manually operating the machine is provided. Further, a fine adjustment switch 22 for slightly raising the rotary tillage device 6 is provided on the rear end side of the work equipment elevating lever 21, and the rotary tillage device 6 is provided on the rear side of the main speed change lever 19. A plowing depth adjustment dial 23 for setting the plowing depth of the field is arranged (see FIG. 3B).

Further, on the left and right outer sides of the rear part of the side operation panel 17, a PTO switch 24 for operating the on / off of power to the rotary tiller 6 and a soil gathering mode for performing soil gathering control by a control unit described later are switched. A mode changeover switch (mode changeover operation tool) 26 is provided, and in the vicinity of the mode changeover switch 26, a notification lamp (notifying the operator of the status of switching to the soil gathering mode and the fact that the soil gathering work is in progress) ( Notification means) 51 is provided. Incidentally, armrests 27 are provided on the left and right inside of the rear portion of the side operation panel 17.

Next, the rotary tillage device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view of a main part showing a working state of the rotary tillage device.

The rotary tillage device 6 is movably connected to the elevating link 4 side via a hitch mechanism 31 in the center of the front, and is provided at the rear part of the traveling machine body 3 by an expansion / contraction operation of an elevating cylinder (not shown). ing. Further, the rotary tillage device 6 is connected to the PTO shaft 32 projecting rearward from the rear end side of the traveling machine body 3 via a universal joint, so that the rotary tilling device 6 is connected to the engine on the traveling machine body 3 side. It is configured so that the transmitted power is input.

The rotary tillage device 6 has a rotary 35 which is a tilling work unit composed of a tilling claw 34 and the like pivotally supported by the rotary shaft 33, and a vertical direction in which the power transmitted from the PTO shaft 32 is transmitted to the tilling claw 34 side. From the upper side of the rotary 35, which is arranged between the transmission case 36, the side cover 37 which is swingably supported on the left and right sides of the rotary 35, and the pair of left and right side covers 37, 37. It has a rear cover 38 that covers a range extending to the rear (see FIG. 4).

The rotary 35 is in a direction of rotating (forward rotation) along the traveling direction when the traveling machine body 3 moves forward while in contact with the field scene, in other words, the tilling claw is from above at the front portion of the rotary 35. The direction of rotation downward (counterclockwise in the example shown in FIG. 4) is set as the forward rotation direction, and the rotary 35 can be rotationally driven in the reverse direction in response to the operation of the PTO shift lever 13. It is configured as follows.

Further, the tilling claw 34 constituting the rotary 35 is extended in the radial direction from the rotary shaft 33 side toward the tip side, and the tilling claw 34 is curved in the reverse direction of the rotary 35. (See FIGS. 1 and 4).

According to the configuration, when the rotary 35 (rotary tilling device 6) is rotationally driven in the forward rotation direction during the forward traveling of the traveling machine 3 to perform the tilling work in the field scene (see FIG. 4), the tilling claw Since the 34 is curved in the direction of escape with respect to the direction of immersion in the field, the tilling claw 34 is less likely to be damaged.

Based on the above, the rotary tiller 6 described above cultivates the soil in the field and sends the soil in the cultivated field backward by driving the traveling machine 3 forward while rotating the rotary 35 in the forward rotation direction. Can be (filled). At this time, the soil cultivated by the rotary 35 of the rotary tillage device 6 is prevented from being scattered to the left and right outside of the rotary tillage device 6 by the pair of side covers 37, and is behind the rotary tillage device 6. The piled soil is configured to be leveled by the rear cover 38.

The rotary tillage device 6 described above can perform a soil gathering operation of holding and moving soil in the rotary 35 by traveling forward while reversely driving the rotary tillage device 6 at a predetermined timing during the tilling operation or after the puddling operation (FIG. FIG. 5). As a result, it is possible to move a large amount of soil that tends to accumulate on the edge side of the field by plowing work or scraping work, and even out the entire field. Details will be described later.

At this time, the rotary tillage device 6 uses a control unit 50, which will be described in detail later, to reversely drive the rotary 35 to perform the soil gathering operation, and the soil gathering control (low speed) for decelerating the engine speed from the normal time. Rotation control) is configured to be feasible. The details of the control unit will also be described later.

Next, based on FIG. 5, the soil gathering work during the tilling work by the rotary tilling device 6 and the soil gathering work after the puddling work will be described. FIG. 5 (A) is a diagram showing a work route of soil gathering work during tillage work, and FIG. 5 (B) is a diagram showing a work route of soil gathering work during puddling work.

First, based on FIG. 5A, the tilling work of the field scene by the rotary tilling device 6 will be described. The tractor for work travels forward along the ridge (field edge) toward the opposite field edge side while performing the tilling work by the rotary tillage device 6, and also turns around at the edge side of the field (illustrated). In the example, turn left) (Fig. 5 (A) 1). After that, with the rotary tillage device 6 raised to a non-working position, the rotary tillage device 6 travels backward to a position on the field end side (cultivation work restart position X) (FIG. 5 (A) 2). ), Then, by lowering the rotary tillage device 6 to the working height and switching to the reverse drive, the soil gathering work is performed in order to level the soil accumulated in the corners of the field (FIG. 5 (A) 3). After performing the soil gathering work to a predetermined position, the traveling machine body 3 is stopped, the rotary tilling device 6 is switched to the normal rotation rotation, and the normal tilling work is restarted (see FIG. 5 (A)).

When the tilling work is carried out along the above-mentioned route, a large amount of soil in the field is likely to be accumulated around the corner (the above-mentioned tilling work restart position X) by turning back to the field end side after the turning run. Therefore, when the tillage work is restarted from the tillage work restart position X (FIG. 5 (A) 3), the rotary tillage device 6 is reversely driven to send a large amount of soil accumulated on the field edge side forward. By performing the above, the field scene after the tilling work can be kept in a more uniform state.

Next, based on FIG. 5B, the soil gathering work after the substitute scraping work by the rotary tillage device 6 will be described. In the puddling work by the rotary tillage device 6, the soil is agitated in water in a field (paddy field) filled with water after the rice cultivation work to make colloidal mud, and the field scene is made uniform (flat). It is a work that facilitates rice planting work and the like, and is carried out in the same work route as the above-mentioned tilling work.

When the rotary tillage device 6 is used for the puddling work, the soil tends to accumulate on the edge side of the field as in the case of the tilling work. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Soil gathering work is carried out toward the center side.

The soil gathering work after the puddling work is carried out by rotating the rotary tillage device 6 in the reverse direction from the start position A on the field end side to the turning position B in a state where the rotary tillage device 6 is lowered to the working height. After performing the soil gathering work (FIG. 5 (B) 1), the rotary tillage device 6 is moved up to the non-working height, and the rotary tillage device 6 is moved backward by one step from the turn-back position B to the start position A. After that (FIG. 5 (B) 2), the rotary tillage device 6 is operated to descend to the working height, and the rotary tillage device is rotated in the reverse direction from the start position A to the turn-back position B while traveling straight. The soil gathering work is performed (Fig. 5 (B) 1). By repeating this, it is possible to perform the soil gathering work without leaving the running traces of the front and rear wheels in the entire field scene after the puddling work.

On the other hand, when the control unit detects a switching operation (reverse switching operation of the PTO shift lever 13) for reversely driving the rotary tillage device 6 in order to execute the above-mentioned soil gathering operation, the control unit said. The rotary 35 is driven in reverse, and the engine speed output from the engine (drive shaft on the side) is automatically reduced to a predetermined range set in advance from the normal state to a low speed state (low speed mode). The soil gathering control (low rotation control) that switches to is feasible.

According to this configuration, the drive speed in the reverse direction of the rotary 35 is automatically switched to a low speed when the above-mentioned soil gathering work is performed, so that the load on the rotary 35 (cultivation claw 34) during the soil gathering work is reduced. In addition to improving safety, it is also possible to suppress the scattering of mud and the like in the field toward the operator side of the control unit when the soil is gathered toward the front of the rotary 35. Hereinafter, a specific configuration of soil gathering control (low rotation control) will be described.

Next, the details of the soil gathering control by the above-mentioned control unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the control unit. On the input side of the control unit 50, a vehicle speed sensor 41 that detects the vehicle speed of the traveling machine body 3, a PTO position sensor 42 that detects the operation position of the PTO shift lever 13, the mode changeover switch 26, and an engine. The engine rotation sensor 43 that detects the rotation speed, the PTO rotation sensor 44 that detects the rotation speed (rotation direction) of the PTO shaft, and the lift arm sensor (elevation / lowering) that detects the elevating position of the rotary tiller 6 (working machine). The position detection sensor) 46 and the brake sensor 47 that detects the operating state of the brake operating tool 15 are connected.

On the output side of the control unit 50, an engine rotation output means 48 for adjusting (decelerating) the rotation output of the engine, a notification buzzer (buzzer, notification means) 49 for notifying an operator, and the notification lamp ( The indicator lamp and the notification means) 51 are connected.

FIG. 7 is a processing flow diagram of soil gathering control. The control unit proceeds to step S1 when the processing flow for soil gathering control is started. In step S1, the engine speed sensor 43 detects the engine speed, and the process proceeds to step S2. In step S2, the PTO rotation sensor 44 (or the engine rotation sensor and the PTO position sensor) detects rotation information (rotation speed, rotation direction, etc.) of the PTO axis, and proceeds to step S3. In step S3, the operation status of the brake operating tool is detected by the brake sensor 47, and the process proceeds to step S4. In step S4, the lift arm sensor 46 acquires the elevating position of the rotary tillage device 6, and then the process proceeds to step S5.

In step S5, the mode changeover switch 26 confirms whether or not the control unit (tractor) has been switched to the soil gathering mode, and if it is detected that the soil gathering mode is in progress, step S6 is performed. move on. If it is not detected in step S5 that the mode has been switched to the soil gathering mode, the process returns thereafter.

That is, when the mode changeover switch 26 has not switched to the soil gathering mode for executing the soil gathering control, even if the rotary tillage device 6 is reversely driven, the engine speed is decelerated and the engine speed is automatically changed to the low speed rotation state. It is configured so that the soil gathering control for switching is not executed.

In step S6, the vehicle speed sensor 41, the PTO position sensor 42, and the lift arm sensor 46 have already operated the PTO shift lever 13 to the reverse drive position, and the rotary tillage device 6 performs the soil gathering work. It is confirmed whether or not the vehicle is traveling forward in the state of being raised and lowered, in other words, whether or not the soil gathering work is in progress, and if it is not detected that the soil gathering work state is being performed, step S7 is performed. move on.

In step S7, the PTO position sensor 42 confirms the presence or absence of a shift operation at the reverse position of the PTO shift lever 13, and when the PTO shift lever 13 detects a shift operation to the reverse drive position, step S7. Proceed to S8.

In step S8, the PTO shaft is reversely driven based on the shift operation of the PTO shift lever 13, and the process proceeds to step S9. In step S9, the engine rotation output means automatically switches to a low rotation (low output) state in which the engine speed is slowed down more than usual, and the process proceeds to step S10.

That is, a shift operation (reverse switching operation) from any of the low-speed position, the medium speed position, the high-speed position, and the neutral position in which the PTO shift lever 13 drives the rotary 35 in the forward rotation by the operator to the reverse rotation drive position (reverse switching operation). When is detected, the engine speed output from the engine is automatically switched to a low speed rotation state in which the speed is slower than usual. As a result, the reverse drive speed of the rotary tillage device 6 and the traveling speed of the traveling machine during the soil gathering work are further suppressed during the soil gathering work, and the load on the rotary tillage device 6 (cultivation claw 34) during the soil gathering work is ensured. Moreover, it can be reduced efficiently.

When the engine is switched to the low-speed rotation state, the notification buzzer 49 and the notification lamp 51 indicate to the operator that the engine speed is reduced by the soil gathering control. It is configured so that it can be reliably notified. As a result, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the engine speed is unintentionally decelerated by the operator.

In step S10, the operation position at which the PTO shift lever 13 rotates the rotary tiller 6 in the forward direction from the reverse drive position by the PTO position sensor 42, in other words, the PTO shift lever 13 moves at low speed, medium speed, high speed ( When it is confirmed whether or not there is a switching operation (normal rotation operation) to any of the operation positions (1st speed, 2nd speed, 3rd speed) and the normal rotation switching operation of the PTO shift lever 13 is detected, step S11 Proceed to.

In step S11, the PTO shaft is driven to rotate in the forward direction based on the forward rotation switching operation of the PTO shift lever 13, and the process proceeds to step S12. In step S12, the engine rotation output means switches the engine rotation speed to a maximum output state that outputs the engine rotation speed at a rotation speed corresponding to the operation position of the engine control lever, in other words, releases the low rotation speed state, and then releases the low rotation speed. Return.

That is, switching to a low rotation state in which the engine speed is decelerated by the reverse rotation switching operation of the PTO speed change lever 13 is canceled by the forward rotation switching operation of the PTO speed change lever 13. ..

If the forward rotation switching operation of the PTO shift lever 13 is not detected in step S10, the PTO shift lever 13 then returns.

Further, in step S7, if the reverse rotation switching operation in which the PTO shift lever 13 shifts from the operation position for driving the PTO shaft in the forward rotation to the reverse rotation drive position is not detected, the process proceeds to step S10. In this case, it returns via step S10.

Similarly, if it is detected in step S6 that the rotary tillage device 6 is in the soil gathering work state, the process proceeds to step S10.

In addition to the PTO shift lever 13, a PTO reverse switch (not shown) for starting reverse drive of the PTO shaft is provided on the control unit side, and the control unit 50 is operated by turning on the PTO reverse switch. , The engine may be switched to the low speed state, and the low speed state of the engine may be released by turning off the PTO reverse switch.

Incidentally, in the above-described embodiment, the control for automatically decelerating the rotational speed of the engine and switching to the low-speed state when the rotary tillage device 6 is reversely driven is configured to be feasible by the soil gathering control by the control unit. Control may be configured to be mechanically feasible.

3 Traveling machine 6 Rotary tiller 13 PTO shift lever (forward / reverse switching operation means)
26 Mode changeover switch (mode changeover operation tool)
32 PTO axis (rotation axis)
49 Notification buzzer (notification means)
50 Control unit 51 Notification lamp (notification means)

Claims (3)

A tractor capable of tilling work
The engine mounted on the traveling aircraft and
A rotary shaft that outputs power to a rotary tiller provided on the traveling machine body so as to be rotationally driven by the power transmitted from the engine and connected to the traveling machine body so as to be able to move up and down.
A forward / reverse switching operation means for switching forward / reverse in the rotation direction of the rotating shaft, and
It is provided with a control unit capable of detecting the forward / reverse switching or its operation and controlling the rotation speed of the engine.
The control unit is driven to rotate the rotary tiller in the forward direction at least one condition that it is confirmed that the rotary tiller is driven in the reverse direction by the forward / reverse switching. A tractor characterized by performing low-speed rotation control at a low-speed rotation speed, which is an engine speed within a predetermined value or range, which is lower than a normal rotation speed, which is an engine speed within a predetermined value or range in the case. Equipped with a mode switching operation tool that can be turned on and off
The tractor according to claim 1, wherein the control unit has detected an on-operation by the mode switching operation tool, which is one of the conditions for executing the low-speed rotation control. Equipped with notification means
The tractor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the control unit is executing the low-speed rotation control, notification is performed by the notification means.

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