JP2021122194A - Seed coating, coated seed and seed coating method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a seed coating whereby it is possible to improve coating uniformity in an iron-based seed coating technique as well as prevent adhesion between seeds, the seed coating having seed separability in an oxidation step and coating strength required for sowing, and also provide a coated seed and a seed coating method.SOLUTION: A seed coating contains iron element and is for use in coating a seed surface. The ratio of a detection intensity of Fe3O4 to a detection intensity of Fe in X-ray diffraction measurement of the seed coating, Fe3O4/Fe, is 0.015 or more and 0.300 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a seed coating agent, a coated seed and a seed coating method, and more particularly to a seed coating agent, a coated seed and a seed coating method for coating a seed with a coating layer containing an iron element.

With the aging of agricultural workers and the globalization of agricultural product distribution, labor saving in agricultural work and reduction of agricultural product production costs have become issues to be solved. In order to solve these problems, for example, in paddy rice cultivation, a direct sowing method in which seeds are directly sown in a field is becoming widespread for the purpose of saving the trouble of raising seedlings and transplanting. Among them, the technology of using seeds coated with iron powder to increase the specific gravity of seeds is attracting attention because it has the advantages of preventing seeds from floating and flowing out in paddy fields and preventing bird damage (patented). Document 1).

Further, in Patent Document 2, rice seeds on which an iron powder coating layer is formed are granulated, and then silica gel is added and rotationally mixed to form rice seeds on which a silica gel coating layer is formed on an outer layer of the iron powder coating layer. The technology for granulating silica gel is disclosed. According to this, it is possible to avoid compounding or compounding of seeds and to produce single-grained iron powder-coated rice seeds with high efficiency only by a simple operation.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-192458 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-221090

In recent years, sowing has been carried out using drones to improve work efficiency. However, in hot and humid areas such as Southeast Asia, seeds are often bound to each other, the strength of the coating is reduced, and drone clogging may occur.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and is necessary for improving the coating uniformity in the iron-based seed coating technique, preventing the binding of seeds to each other, and for seed separation and sowing in the oxidation step. It is an object of the present invention to provide a seed coating agent, a coated seed, and a seed coating method having a high coating strength.

The inventor obtained the following findings as a result of diligent research in order to solve the above problems.
Among the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 1, when calcium sulfate dihydrate is used in Example 3, it is said that the film has practical strength, but calcium sulfate 0.5 hydration is obtained. It tended to be less strong than the one.

Further, as confirmed by the inventors, it was found that when calcium sulfate dihydrate was used, seeds were more likely to bind to each other than calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate during the rusting process. In the hot and humid Southeast Asian region, even when calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate is used, it is easily changed to calcium sulfate dihydrate in the iron coating work, and it is easy to affect the seeding using a drone. it is conceivable that. Further, in the case of sowing using a drone, the battery capacity cannot be increased, and it is necessary to sow more in a short time, and in this respect as well, it is considered that clogging is more likely to occur.

On the other hand, _{if it is combined with iron powder containing a specific Fe 3} O ₄ , not only calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate but also calcium sulfate dihydrate is used. It was discovered that the above problems can be solved regardless of the presence or absence of a binder and its type.
The present invention is based on the above findings and has the following configuration.

(1) The seed coating agent according to the present invention contains an iron element and is used for coating the seed surface.
The detection intensity ratio of _Fe 3 _{O 4} to Fe in the X-ray diffraction measurement of seed coating agent _Fe 3 _O 4 / Fe is 0.015 or more, characterized in that it is 0.300 or less.

(2) The coated seed according to the present invention is characterized in that the seed surface is coated with the seed coating agent of the above (1).

(3) The seed coating method according to the present invention is characterized in that the seed is coated by using the seed coating agent described in (1).

In the present invention, it is a seed coating agent containing an iron element and used to coat the seed surface.
In the seed coating agent, the detection intensity ratio of _Fe 3 _{O 4} to Fe in the X-ray diffraction measurement _Fe 3 _O 4 / Fe is 0.015 or more, by a 0.300 below stable at high temperature and high humidity areas, such as Southeast Asia This prevents seed binding and maintains good seed dissemination.

The seed coating agent according to the embodiment of the present invention contains an iron element used for coating the surface of dry paddy (seed paddy) as an example of seeds, and Fe ₃ O _{4 with respect to Fe in X-ray diffraction measurement.} The detection intensity ratio of Fe ₃ O ₄ / Fe is 0.015 or more and 0.300 or less.
Rice is preferably applied as the seed to be coated with the seed dressing according to the present embodiment. The rice varieties are not particularly specified, and any of Japonica rice, Indica rice, and Javanica rice can be applied. Since rice is often cultivated in paddy fields in hot and humid areas, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited more remarkably.

Next, the composition of the seed dressing according to the present embodiment will be specifically described.
<Iron powder>
The particle size of the iron powder used for the seed coating agent according to the present embodiment is not particularly specified, but the surface of the seed is set so that the iron powder having a particle size of 150 μm or less is 80% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the iron powder. It is preferable that a uniform coating layer can be formed on the surface.

Further, the seed coating agent according to the present embodiment does not particularly specify the amount of iron powder used, but the mass ratio to the seed paddy is preferably 1% by mass or more and 800% by mass or less, and further, 5% by mass or more. It is preferably 500% by mass or less.

Examples of the iron powder used in the present embodiment include those produced by a reduction method produced by reducing mill scale and an atomizing method produced by injecting water or gas onto molten steel at high speed.
Further, as the iron powder, pure iron, alloy iron, iron oxide, partial iron oxide powder and a mixture with other metal powders can be applied, but the metal iron component in the metal powder is 40% by mass or more, and further. Is preferably 60% by mass or more from the viewpoint of rusting in the coating layer when the seeds are coated.

Examples of the iron oxide used in the seed coating agent according to the present embodiment include magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), hematite (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), wustite (FeO), and amorphous iron oxide. Each ratio is not particularly limited as long as it is within the scope of the present invention.
The particle size distribution of iron powder can be evaluated by sieving using the method specified in JIS Z2510-2004.

<Dressing composition>
Seed coating agent according to the present embodiment, as described above, the detection intensity ratio of _Fe 3 _{O 4} to Fe in the X-ray diffraction measurement _Fe 3 _O 4 / Fe is 0.015 or more, and 0.300 or less ..
Here, the X-ray diffraction measurement means that a sample having a crystal structure is irradiated with X-rays, and the angle difference (diffraction angle) between the diffraction direction and the incident direction of the X-rays diffracted from the sample and the diffracted X-ray intensity. By measuring (diffraction intensity), the constituent components of the sample are identified and quantified.

In the X-ray diffraction measurement in the present invention, X-rays are irradiated using a seed coating agent as a measurement sample, and Fe ₃ O ₄ and Fe are detected from the peaks of the diffraction angle and diffraction intensity of the X-rays diffracted in the measurement sample. the intensity is measured to determine the detection intensity ratio _Fe 3 _O 4 / _Fe in _Fe 3 _{O 4} for Fe.

The reason why the seed release property and the sowing property are improved by setting the amount _{of Fe 3} O ₄ of the seed dressing according to the present invention within a specific range is not clear, but it is considered as follows.
In hot and humid areas, calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate absorbs water and easily changes to calcium sulfate dihydrate. In addition, calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate may be difficult to obtain, and calcium sulfate dihydrate may be used in some cases. In these cases, the curing reaction of calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate cannot be expected, and the seeds tend to bind to each other.

On the other hand, the rusting process involves Fe ²⁺ , iron oxyhydroxide, Fe ₃ O ₄ , and amorphous rust. When a specific amount of Fe ₃ O ₄ ^{is present, the excessive generation of Fe 2+} , which causes binding in the wetting process, is suppressed, and the production of iron oxyhydroxide, which is formed as a rust film in the drying process, is promoted. do. Therefore, it is considered that the binding between seeds is suppressed and a strong and good film is formed.
When Fe ₃ O ₄ / Fe is less than 0.015, a good rust film is not formed and the effect of the present invention cannot be expected. Further, if Fe ₃ O ₄ / Fe exceeds 0.300, the metal Fe is insufficient and the film strength is lowered.
The _{raw material is not particularly limited as long as Fe 3} O ₄ / Fe is within the range of the present invention. However, since it is difficult to keep the range within the above range by simply combining reduced iron powder and iron oxide powder such as mill scale, reduced iron powder having a low reduction rate and / or atomizing, which effectively contains _{Fe 3} O _4. It is preferable to mix and use iron powder because it can be controlled within the range of the present invention. Further, it is also preferable to mix only iron powder having a low reduction rate or at least two types of iron powder having a high reduction rate and iron powder having a low reduction rate for the same reason.

Furthermore, the seed dressing according to the present invention may contain a binder and a third component described below.

<Binder>
The binder contained in the seed dressing according to the present invention is preferably a sulfate and / or a chloride that functions as an oxidation accelerator. Sulfate is calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and hydrates thereof. The chloride is potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and hydrates thereof.
In the seed coating agent according to the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use gypsum (calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate) and calcium sulfate dihydrate as binders. This is because they are difficult to dissolve in water and can reduce the effect on the soil.
Further, since good progress of rust can be expected in the present invention, a mixture of calcium sulfate 0.5 hydrate and calcium sulfate dihydrate may be used.

The amount of the binder used is not particularly specified, but the mass of the iron powder and / or the iron oxide powder contained in the seed coating agent with respect to the total mass in order to facilitate the progress of rust when the seeds are coated. The ratio is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 33% by mass or less.
However, since the function of the binder facilitates the progress of rust, it is possible to obtain the effect of the present invention without adding the binder when it is not necessary to increase the rate of progress of rust. Is. Therefore, even iron powder containing no binder _{can be preferably applied as long as Fe 3} O ₄ / Fe is within the range of the present invention.

Further, the average particle size of the binder is not particularly specified, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 150 μm.
The reason why it is preferable to set the average particle size of the binder in the above range is as follows.
If the average particle size of the binder is less than 1 μm, the number of agglomerated particles generated during the coating operation of the seed dressing containing the binder increases, and the workability is significantly reduced in order to remove the aggregated particles. On the other hand, when the average particle size of the binder exceeds 150 μm, the adhesive force to the iron powder tends to decrease, and the strength of the coating layer (coating film) tends to decrease.

<Third component>
The seed dressing according to the present invention may contain a third component to the extent that the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and the content of the third component shall be 30% by mass or less of the seed dressing. Is preferable.
Examples of the third component include nutrients such as fertilizers, pesticides, binders other than sulfates and / or chlorides, and the like.

<Covering amount>
The amount of the seed dressing coated on the seeds is not particularly limited, but can be 1 to 800 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dried seeds, and can be appropriately adjusted to obtain a sufficient anchoring effect. About 500 parts by mass is preferably applied.

Next, the seed coating method using the seed coating agent according to the present embodiment will be described below.
The seed coating method according to the present embodiment uses the seed coating agent according to the present invention described above, and there is no particular limitation on the means for coating the seed with the seed coating agent. As shown in "Water Direct Seeding Manual 2010 (Agricultural and Food Industry Technology Research Organization Kinki Chugoku-Shikoku Agricultural Research Center)", a mixer that has been known in the past, including manual coating. It may be any of them, such as using.

Further, when the seed coating agent is coated using a mixer, the mixer includes a stirring blade type mixer (for example, Henshell mixer) or a container rotary type mixer (for example, concrete mixer, V type mixer, double cone mixer, inclined rotation). Mold pan type mixer, rotary quat type mixer, etc.) can be used.
As a specific method of coating seeds with the seed coating agent according to the present embodiment, iron powder, a binder, and seeds are put into the above mixer, and the mixer is operated while spraying water. Things can be mentioned.

As described above, according to the seed coating agent and the seed coating method according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize rusting, seed release property in the oxidation step, and sufficient film strength for drone sowing.

Since an experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of the present invention, this will be described below.
In the experiment, rice seeds were coated with the seed coating agent according to the present invention, and an evaluation test of the coating layer was conducted.
The coating of the seed dressing was carried out according to the method described in the above-mentioned "Iron coating direct sowing manual 2010". Specifically, it is as follows.

First, seeds (dry paddy) and seed dressing were prepared. In this example, two types of seed coating agents were used: a seed coating agent 1 containing iron powder and a binder as iron elements, and a seed coating agent 2 consisting only of a chemical agent.

Next, using an inclined rotary pan type mixer, 100 g of seeds are coated with the seed dressing 1 in several times while spraying an appropriate amount of water, and then the seed dressing 2 is divided into several times. Coated. At this point, the seed dressing is attached to the seeds by water, and this is called a powder coating state.
After the powdered state, the coated seeds coated with various seed coats were placed in a cup and left overnight. Then, water was appropriately sprayed on the coated seeds, left overnight, and then spread on a vat and dried to prepare coated seeds.

In this example, the experiment was carried out by changing the types and amounts of iron powder, iron oxide and the binder, which are the raw materials of the seed coating agent 1.
Table 1 shows the types and contents of each raw material contained in the seed coating agent used in the experiment, and Tables 2 to 5 show the types of each raw material used in the seed coating agent (Table 2: Iron powder, Table 3: Iron oxide). , Table 4: Binder, Table 5: Drug).

The iron powder of the seed coating agent 1 uses 5 types of A1 to A5 shown in Table 2, the iron oxide uses 2 types of B1 to B2 shown in Table 3, and the binder of the seed coating agent 1 is used. Seven types of C1 to C7 shown in Table 4 were used, and four types of C1 and C2 shown in Table 4 and D1 and D2 shown in Table 5 were used as the agents of the seed coating agent 2.
In Table 1, Invention Examples 1 to 20 have an X-ray intensity ratio of Fe ₃ O ₄ / Fe of the seed coating agent 1 of 0.015 to 0.300. In Invention Example 20, the binder of the coating agent 1 and the agent of the coating agent 2 are not used, but since the progress of rust is slower than in other examples, the number of times of watering is increased and the degree of rusting is visually checked. It is about the same. As a comparison target, experiments were also conducted on coated seeds coated with the seed coating agents of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 shown in Table 1.

The seed coating agents according to the above-mentioned Invention Examples 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were subjected to an evaluation test of seed separation property and drone sowing property during the oxidation step. These evaluation tests were conducted as follows.

<Measurement of X-ray diffraction>
An X-ray diffraction measuring device (Rotorflex RU-300 manufactured by Rigaku Denki) was used, and the X-ray Cu-Kα used was used. _{Here, the peak intensities of Fe 3} O ₄ and Fe in the seed coating agent and the coating layer (X-ray diffraction detection intensity) are the lattice spacing d value (angstrom) Fe ₃ O ₄ : d value 1.48, Fe :. The area strength was measured with a d value of 2.02.

<Seed separation>
After watering in a cup and oxidizing, seeds were taken out into a vat, and the weight ratio of the bound seeds was measured. ⊚: 5% or less, ◯: 5% or more and 10% or less, Δ: 10% or more and 20% or less, ×: 20% or more.

<Drone seeding>
The seeds after oxidative drying were sown with a DJI drone equipped with a broadcaster three times for 20 minutes for a total of 60 minutes, and the sowing property was evaluated depending on the situation.
⊚: No clogging, ◯: Clogging 1 time, Δ: 2 times or more and 5 times or less, ×: 5 times or more.

From Table 1, it can be seen that when the X-ray intensity ratio Fe ₃ O ₄ / Fe is 0.015 or more and 0.300 or less, the drone dissemination property is excellent regardless of the type of binder and drug and the presence or absence thereof.

As described above, it has been demonstrated that the seed coating agent, the coated seed and the seed coating method according to the present invention can improve the seed separation property in the oxidation step and have further excellent drone sowing property. As a result, workability in seed coating is improved, and stabilization and improvement of rice cultivation can be realized.

Claims (3)

A seed dressing that contains iron elements and is used to coat the seed surface.
Seed coating agent, characterized in that _Fe 3 detection intensity ratio of _{O 4 Fe} 3 _O 4 / Fe is 0.015 or more and 0.300 or less with respect to Fe in the X-ray diffraction measurement of the seed coating agent. A coated seed characterized in that the seed surface is coated with the seed coating agent of claim 1. A seed coating method comprising coating seeds using the seed coating agent according to claim 1.