JP2021115592A - Forging device - Google Patents

Forging device Download PDF

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JP2021115592A
JP2021115592A JP2020010020A JP2020010020A JP2021115592A JP 2021115592 A JP2021115592 A JP 2021115592A JP 2020010020 A JP2020010020 A JP 2020010020A JP 2020010020 A JP2020010020 A JP 2020010020A JP 2021115592 A JP2021115592 A JP 2021115592A
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mold
tooth
meat
forging device
work
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JP7356027B2 (en
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出 西脇
Izuru Nishiwaki
出 西脇
紘基 竹本
Hiroki Takemoto
紘基 竹本
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Aichi Steel Corp
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Aichi Steel Corp
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Abstract

To provide a forging device capable of suppressing occurrence of molding defects.SOLUTION: A forging device 1 includes a stationary mold 3, a movable mold 2 relatively separable from/contactable with the stationary mold 3, and a denture mold 203 arranged on at least either of the stationary mold 3 and the movable mold 2, for molding teeth 910 on a workpiece 90. A forged tooth mold 91 is manufactured from the workpiece 90. Upon mold closing, a gap 41 extending in a movement direction of the movable mold 2 is partitioned between the stationary mold 3 and the movable mold 2. A chamfer part 303 is arranged in an opening of the gap 41.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、歯型鍛造品の製造に用いられる鍛造装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a forging device used for manufacturing a tooth mold forged product.

一般的に、ベベルギヤの歯は、鍛造後のワークに歯切り加工を施すことにより、成形される。しかし、この場合、ワークの鍛造とは別に、歯切り加工を行う必要がある。このため、ベベルギヤの製造時間が長くなり、製造コストが高くなってしまう。そこで、鍛造により、ワークに歯を成形する技術が開発されている。例えば、特許文献1の鍛造装置の場合、上型で、ワークを下型の歯型に押し付けることにより、ワークに歯を成形している。 Generally, the teeth of the bevel gear are formed by subjecting the forged workpiece to a gear cutting process. However, in this case, it is necessary to perform gear cutting separately from forging the work. Therefore, the manufacturing time of the bevel gear becomes long, and the manufacturing cost becomes high. Therefore, a technique for forming teeth on a work by forging has been developed. For example, in the case of the forging apparatus of Patent Document 1, teeth are formed on the work by pressing the work against the tooth mold of the lower mold with the upper mold.

特開平4−210839号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-210839

鍛造後の歯切り加工を不要にするためには、欠肉が発生しないように、鍛造時にワークの肉を歯型に充填させる必要がある。ここで、ワークの肉を歯型に充填させるためには、ワークの肉を歯型に確実に押し込むために、上型(可動型)のストロークの下死点の位置(高度)を低くすればよい。 In order to eliminate the need for gear cutting after forging, it is necessary to fill the tooth mold with the meat of the work during forging so that no meat is lost. Here, in order to fill the tooth mold with the meat of the work, the position (altitude) of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper mold (movable type) should be lowered in order to surely push the meat of the work into the tooth mold. good.

しかしながら、本発明者が従来の鍛造装置を用いて実験を行ったところ、以下の知見が得られた。すなわち、本発明者は、上型のストロークの下死点の位置を複数設定し、各位置ごとにワークを鍛造し、当該ワークにおける歯の欠肉量を測定した。その結果、ある一定の位置までは下死点の位置を下げるほど欠肉量が少なくなるものの、当該位置を超えて下死点の位置を下げても、後述するように、隙間にワークの肉が入り込み、バリ生成量が増加するだけで、歯の欠肉量はあまり変化しないことが判った。このように、実験から、上型のストロークの下死点の位置を下げるだけでは、欠肉などの成形不良の発生を抑制することは困難となる場合があるという知見が得られた。本発明は、この知見に基づいて完成されたものである。本発明は、成形不良の発生を抑制可能な鍛造装置を提供することを目的とする。 However, when the present inventor conducted an experiment using a conventional forging device, the following findings were obtained. That is, the present inventor set a plurality of positions of the bottom dead center of the upper die stroke, forged the work at each position, and measured the amount of tooth depletion in the work. As a result, the amount of meat loss decreases as the position of the bottom dead center is lowered to a certain position, but even if the position of the bottom dead center is lowered beyond the position, the meat of the work is in the gap as described later. It was found that the amount of tooth deficiency did not change much, only the amount of burrs generated increased. As described above, from the experiment, it was found that it may be difficult to suppress the occurrence of molding defects such as lack of meat only by lowering the position of the bottom dead center of the upper die stroke. The present invention has been completed based on this finding. An object of the present invention is to provide a forging apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of molding defects.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明の鍛造装置は、固定型と、前記固定型に対して相対的に離接可能な可動型と、前記固定型および前記可動型のうち少なくとも一方に配置され、ワークに歯を成形する歯型と、を備え、前記ワークから歯型鍛造品を製造する鍛造装置であって、型閉め時において、前記固定型と前記可動型との間には、前記可動型の移動方向に延在する隙間が区画され、前記隙間の開口には面取部が配置されることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the forging device of the present invention is arranged in at least one of a fixed type, a movable type that can be relatively detached from the fixed type, and the fixed type and the movable type. A forging device that includes a tooth mold for forming teeth on a work and manufactures a tooth mold forged product from the work. When the mold is closed, the movable mold is between the fixed mold and the movable mold. A gap extending in the moving direction of the above is partitioned, and a chamfer is arranged in the opening of the gap.

本発明の鍛造装置によると、隙間の開口に面取部が配置されている。型閉め時において、当該面取部には応力が集中しにくい。このため、ワークの肉が隙間に入り込みにくい。したがって、ワークの肉を、隙間に入り込むことにより形成されるバリよりも、優先的に歯型に導入することができる。よって、鍛造装置の下死点の適切な調整により、欠肉などの成形不良の発生を抑制することができる。 According to the forging apparatus of the present invention, a chamfered portion is arranged in the opening of the gap. When the mold is closed, stress is unlikely to concentrate on the chamfered portion. Therefore, it is difficult for the meat of the work to enter the gap. Therefore, the meat of the work can be introduced into the tooth mold preferentially over the burrs formed by entering the gap. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the bottom dead center of the forging device, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of molding defects such as lack of meat.

図1は、本発明の一実施形態である鍛造装置の型開き状態における部分断面図である。FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a forging device according to an embodiment of the present invention in a mold-opened state. 図2は、同鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the forging device in a closed state. 図3は、図2の円III内の拡大図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the inside of the circle III of FIG. 図4は、ハイポイドギヤの上面図である。FIG. 4 is a top view of the hypoid gear. 図5は、従来の鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分拡大図である。FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the conventional forging device in the mold closed state. 図6(A)〜(D)は、その他の実施形態(その1〜その4)の鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分拡大図である。6 (A) to 6 (D) are partially enlarged views of the forging apparatus of the other embodiments (No. 1 to No. 4) in the mold closed state. 図7(A)は、実施例1〜8の円A上の測定位置aの欠肉量を示すグラフである。図7(B)は、実施例1〜8の円B上の測定位置bの欠肉量を示すグラフである。図7(C)は、実施例1〜8の円C上の測定位置cの欠肉量を示すグラフである。FIG. 7A is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position a on the circle A of Examples 1 to 8. FIG. 7B is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position b on the circle B of Examples 1 to 8. FIG. 7C is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position c on the circle C of Examples 1 to 8. 図8(A)は、比較例1〜7の円A上の測定位置aの欠肉量を示すグラフである。図8(B)は、比較例1〜7の円B上の測定位置bの欠肉量を示すグラフである。図8(C)は、比較例1〜7の円C上の測定位置cの欠肉量を示すグラフである。FIG. 8A is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position a on the circle A of Comparative Examples 1 to 7. FIG. 8B is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position b on the circle B of Comparative Examples 1 to 7. FIG. 8C is a graph showing the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position c on the circle C of Comparative Examples 1 to 7.

以下、本発明の鍛造装置の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the forging device of the present invention will be described.

(鍛造装置の構成)
まず、本実施形態の鍛造装置の構成について説明する。図1に、本実施形態の鍛造装置の型開き状態における部分断面図を示す。図2に、同鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分断面図を示す。図3に、図2の円III内の拡大図を示す。図4に、ハイポイドギヤ(オフセット付きスパイラルベベルギヤ)の上面図を示す。なお、図4においては、歯先にハッチングを施す。
(Structure of forging equipment)
First, the configuration of the forging device of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the forging device of the present embodiment in a mold-opened state. FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the forging device in a closed state. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the inside of the circle III of FIG. FIG. 4 shows a top view of a hypoid gear (a spiral bevel gear with an offset). In FIG. 4, the tooth tips are hatched.

図1〜図4に示すように、鍛造装置1は、環状のハイポイドギヤ(詳しくは、ハイポイドギヤの粗形材)91を製造するために用いられる。ハイポイドギヤ91は、本発明の「ベベルギヤ」の概念に含まれる。ハイポイドギヤ91は、車両のディファレンシャル装置のリングギヤである。鍛造装置1は、上型2と下型3とを備えている。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the forging device 1 is used to manufacture an annular hypoid gear (specifically, a rough shape member of the hypoid gear) 91. The hypoid gear 91 is included in the concept of the "bevel gear" of the present invention. The hypoid gear 91 is a ring gear of a vehicle differential device. The forging device 1 includes an upper mold 2 and a lower mold 3.

上型2は、上下方向(軸方向)に往復動可能な可動型である。上型2は、成形凹部20を備えている。成形凹部20は、下向きに開口している。成形凹部20は、内周面200と、外周面201と、底面202と、複数の歯型203と、を備えている。外周面201は、内周面200の径方向内側に配置されている。底面202は、環状であって、内周面200と外周面201とを繋いでいる。底面202は、上側に向かって尖るテーパ状を呈している。複数の歯型203は、底面202に配置されている。複数の歯型203は、環状に並んでいる。複数の歯型203は、環状のワーク90の上面に歯910を転写し、成形する。 The upper mold 2 is a movable mold that can reciprocate in the vertical direction (axial direction). The upper mold 2 includes a molding recess 20. The molding recess 20 is open downward. The molding recess 20 includes an inner peripheral surface 200, an outer peripheral surface 201, a bottom surface 202, and a plurality of tooth molds 203. The outer peripheral surface 201 is arranged inside the inner peripheral surface 200 in the radial direction. The bottom surface 202 is annular and connects the inner peripheral surface 200 and the outer peripheral surface 201. The bottom surface 202 has a tapered shape that points upward. The plurality of tooth molds 203 are arranged on the bottom surface 202. The plurality of tooth patterns 203 are arranged in an annular shape. The plurality of tooth molds 203 are formed by transferring the teeth 910 to the upper surface of the annular work 90.

下型3は、固定型である。下型3は、成形凸部30を備えている。成形凸部30は、上向きに突出する段付き円柱状を呈している。成形凸部30は、第一外周面300と、第二外周面301と、段差面302と、丸面取部303と、を備えている。第一外周面300は、本発明の「外周面」の概念に含まれる。第二外周面301は、第一外周面300の上側に配置されている。第二外周面301は、第一外周面300よりも小径である。段差面302は、第一外周面300と第二外周面301とを径方向(水平方向)に繋いでいる。図3に太線で示すように、丸面取部303は、第一外周面300の上端(先端)、言い換えると第一外周面300と段差面302との角部に、全周的に(無端環状に)配置されている。丸面取部303の曲率は一定である。図3に示すように、上下方向断面において、丸面取部303は、成形凸部30の上端に向かって、曲線状に縮径している。 The lower mold 3 is a fixed mold. The lower mold 3 includes a molding convex portion 30. The molded convex portion 30 has a stepped columnar shape that protrudes upward. The molded convex portion 30 includes a first outer peripheral surface 300, a second outer peripheral surface 301, a stepped surface 302, and a round chamfered portion 303. The first outer peripheral surface 300 is included in the concept of the "outer peripheral surface" of the present invention. The second outer peripheral surface 301 is arranged above the first outer peripheral surface 300. The second outer peripheral surface 301 has a smaller diameter than the first outer peripheral surface 300. The step surface 302 connects the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the second outer peripheral surface 301 in the radial direction (horizontal direction). As shown by a thick line in FIG. 3, the round chamfered portion 303 is located at the upper end (tip) of the first outer peripheral surface 300, in other words, at the corner portion between the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the stepped surface 302, all around (endless). It is arranged (in a ring). The curvature of the round chamfered portion 303 is constant. As shown in FIG. 3, in the vertical cross section, the round chamfered portion 303 is reduced in diameter in a curved shape toward the upper end of the forming convex portion 30.

図3に示すように、型閉め状態において、第一外周面300の上部は、内周面200の下部に、径方向に対向している。また、段差面302は、底面202に上下方向(上型2の移動方向)に対向している。また、外周面201と第二外周面301とは、バリ逃がし隙間40を介して、上下方向に並んでいる。 As shown in FIG. 3, in the mold closed state, the upper portion of the first outer peripheral surface 300 faces the lower portion of the inner peripheral surface 200 in the radial direction. Further, the stepped surface 302 faces the bottom surface 202 in the vertical direction (moving direction of the upper die 2). Further, the outer peripheral surface 201 and the second outer peripheral surface 301 are arranged in the vertical direction through the burr relief gap 40.

図3に示すように、上型2の内周面200、外周面201、底面202、下型3の第二外周面301、段差面302は、ワーク90にハイポイドギヤ91の形状を転写するための、成形面(型面)である。第一外周面300と内周面200との間には、成形凸部30を成形凹部20に挿入するための、隙間41が設定されている(図3においては、隙間41の幅を強調して示す)。前述の丸面取部303は、隙間41の上側の開口(ワーク90の肉の入口)に配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the inner peripheral surface 200, the outer peripheral surface 201, the bottom surface 202, the second outer peripheral surface 301, and the stepped surface 302 of the lower mold 3 are for transferring the shape of the hypoid gear 91 to the work 90. , Molding surface (mold surface). A gap 41 is set between the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the inner peripheral surface 200 for inserting the molding convex portion 30 into the molding concave portion 20 (in FIG. 3, the width of the gap 41 is emphasized). Shown). The above-mentioned round chamfer portion 303 is arranged in the upper opening (the meat inlet of the work 90) of the gap 41.

(鍛造方法)
次に、本実施形態の鍛造装置を用いた鍛造方法について説明する。鍛造方法は、ワーク成形工程と、歯成形工程と、を有している。ワーク成形工程においては、熱間(例えば1200℃〜1300℃)で素材に複数回の鍛造加工を施すことにより、図1に示すワーク90を成形する。
(Forging method)
Next, a forging method using the forging device of the present embodiment will be described. The forging method includes a work forming step and a tooth forming step. In the work forming step, the work 90 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by forging the material a plurality of times while hot (for example, 1200 ° C. to 1300 ° C.).

歯成形工程においては、温間(例えば800℃〜900℃)で、鍛造装置1を用いて、ワーク90からハイポイドギヤ91を成形する。具体的には、まず、図1に示すように、下型3の段差面302に、環状のワーク90を載置する。次に、図2に示すように、上型2を下降させ、ワーク90を押圧し、環状のハイポイドギヤ91を成形する。この際、図3に示すように、ワーク90は、成形面(内周面200、外周面201、底面202、第二外周面301、段差面302)により、成形される。また、ワーク90の余剰な肉は、バリ逃がし隙間40から、径方向内側にはみ出す。また、ワーク90の肉は、複数の歯型203に充填される。図4に示すように、複数の歯型203により、ハイポイドギヤ91に複数の歯910が成形される。それから、ハイポイドギヤ91を、鍛造装置1から取り外す。その後、ハイポイドギヤ91に、例えば浸炭、ラッピングなどの仕上げ加工を施す。 In the tooth forming step, the hypoid gear 91 is formed from the work 90 by using the forging device 1 in a warm state (for example, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C.). Specifically, first, as shown in FIG. 1, an annular work 90 is placed on the stepped surface 302 of the lower mold 3. Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper mold 2 is lowered, the work 90 is pressed, and the annular hypoid gear 91 is formed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the work 90 is formed by the forming surfaces (inner peripheral surface 200, outer peripheral surface 201, bottom surface 202, second outer peripheral surface 301, stepped surface 302). Further, the excess meat of the work 90 protrudes inward in the radial direction from the burr relief gap 40. Further, the meat of the work 90 is filled in a plurality of tooth molds 203. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of teeth 910 are formed on the hypoid gear 91 by the plurality of tooth molds 203. Then, the hypoid gear 91 is removed from the forging device 1. After that, the hypoid gear 91 is subjected to finish processing such as carburizing and wrapping.

(作用効果)
次に、本実施形態の鍛造装置の作用効果について説明する。後述する実験結果から明確なように、本実施形態の鍛造装置1によると、図4に示すハイポイドギヤ91の歯910に欠肉が発生しにくい。また、ハイポイドギヤ91に、強度不足、外観不良などの成形不良が発生しにくい。以下、その理由について説明する。
(Action effect)
Next, the operation and effect of the forging device of the present embodiment will be described. As is clear from the experimental results described later, according to the forging device 1 of the present embodiment, the tooth 910 of the hypoid gear 91 shown in FIG. 4 is unlikely to be deficient. Further, the hypoid gear 91 is less likely to have molding defects such as insufficient strength and poor appearance. The reason will be described below.

図5に、従来の鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分拡大図を示す。なお、図5は、図3に対応している。図5に示すように、従来の鍛造装置100の場合、第一外周面300と段差面302との間には、挟角θが90°の角部101が配置されている。このため、上型2を下降させる際(型閉め時。型開き状態から型閉め状態に切り替える際)、角部101に応力が集中してしまう。また、角部101の径方向隣りには、成形凸部30を成形凹部20に挿入するための、隙間41が設定されている。このため、角部101への応力集中に伴い、隙間41にワーク90の肉が入り込みやすい。また、隙間41に入り込んだ肉は、成形凹部20の内周面200に付着してしまう。付着した肉と内周面200との間には、静止摩擦力が作用する。静止摩擦力は動摩擦力よりも大きい。このため、肉は内周面200から離れにくい。したがって、肉が内周面200に付着したまま、成形凹部20内を成形凸部30が上昇することになる。よって、隙間41の肉が上下方向に延びてしまう。このように、従来の鍛造装置100の場合、隙間41にワーク90の肉が入り込みやすく、当該肉が上下方向に成長しやすい。したがって、その分、歯型203の歯底(底面202)にまでワーク90の肉が行き渡りにくい。言い換えると、歯910に欠肉が発生しやすい。 FIG. 5 shows a partially enlarged view of the conventional forging device in the mold closed state. Note that FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in the case of the conventional forging apparatus 100, a corner portion 101 having a sandwiching angle θ of 90 ° is arranged between the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the stepped surface 302. Therefore, when lowering the upper mold 2 (when the mold is closed, when switching from the mold open state to the mold closed state), stress is concentrated on the corner portion 101. Further, a gap 41 for inserting the molding convex portion 30 into the molding concave portion 20 is set adjacent to the corner portion 101 in the radial direction. Therefore, as the stress is concentrated on the corner portion 101, the meat of the work 90 easily enters the gap 41. Further, the meat that has entered the gap 41 adheres to the inner peripheral surface 200 of the molding recess 20. A static frictional force acts between the attached meat and the inner peripheral surface 200. The static friction force is larger than the dynamic friction force. Therefore, the meat is hard to separate from the inner peripheral surface 200. Therefore, the molding convex portion 30 rises in the molding concave portion 20 while the meat adheres to the inner peripheral surface 200. Therefore, the meat of the gap 41 extends in the vertical direction. As described above, in the case of the conventional forging device 100, the meat of the work 90 easily enters the gap 41, and the meat easily grows in the vertical direction. Therefore, it is difficult for the meat of the work 90 to reach the tooth bottom (bottom surface 202) of the tooth mold 203 by that amount. In other words, the teeth 910 are prone to lack of meat.

この点、図3に示すように、本実施形態の鍛造装置1の場合、第一外周面300と段差面302との間には、丸面取部303が配置されている。丸面取部303の挟角(詳しくは、段差面302と丸面取部303の接線との間の挟角)θは、90°を超過している。このため、挟角θが90°以下の場合と比較して、上型2を下降させる際、丸面取部303に応力が集中しにくい。したがって、隙間41にワーク90の肉が入り込みにくい。また、肉が成形凹部20の内周面200に付着しにくい。このため、肉と内周面200との間には動摩擦力が作用し、肉が内周面200を滑りながら、成形凹部20内を成形凸部30が上昇することになる。よって、その分、歯型203の歯底にまでワーク90の肉が行き渡りやすい。言い換えると、歯910に欠肉が発生しにくい。このように、本実施形態の鍛造装置1によると、ワーク90の肉を、優先的に歯型203に導入することができる。よって、歯910に欠肉が発生しにくい。また、ハイポイドギヤ91に、強度不足、外観不良などの成形不良が発生しにくい。 In this regard, as shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the forging device 1 of the present embodiment, the round chamfered portion 303 is arranged between the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the stepped surface 302. The sandwiching angle θ of the round chamfered portion 303 (specifically, the sandwiching angle between the stepped surface 302 and the tangent line of the round chamfered portion 303) θ exceeds 90 °. Therefore, as compared with the case where the sandwich angle θ is 90 ° or less, stress is less likely to be concentrated on the round chamfered portion 303 when the upper die 2 is lowered. Therefore, it is difficult for the meat of the work 90 to enter the gap 41. In addition, the meat does not easily adhere to the inner peripheral surface 200 of the molding recess 20. Therefore, a dynamic friction force acts between the meat and the inner peripheral surface 200, and the molded convex portion 30 rises in the molding concave portion 20 while the meat slides on the inner peripheral surface 200. Therefore, the meat of the work 90 can easily spread to the tooth bottom of the tooth mold 203 by that amount. In other words, the tooth 910 is less likely to be deficient. As described above, according to the forging device 1 of the present embodiment, the meat of the work 90 can be preferentially introduced into the tooth mold 203. Therefore, lack of meat is unlikely to occur in the teeth 910. Further, the hypoid gear 91 is less likely to have molding defects such as insufficient strength and poor appearance.

また、図1〜図3に示すように、複数の歯型203は、下向きの底面202に配置されている。このため、酸化スケールなどの塵埃が、歯型203から落下しやすい。すなわち、歯型203から塵埃を除去しやすい。また、第一外周面300と段差面302との間には、丸面取部303が配置されている。このため、丸面取部303の代わりに角面取部が配置されている場合と比較して、上型2を下降させる際、丸面取部303に応力が集中しにくい。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the plurality of tooth molds 203 are arranged on the downward bottom surface 202. Therefore, dust such as an oxide scale easily falls from the tooth mold 203. That is, it is easy to remove dust from the tooth mold 203. Further, a round chamfered portion 303 is arranged between the first outer peripheral surface 300 and the stepped surface 302. Therefore, as compared with the case where the square chamfered portion is arranged instead of the round chamfered portion 303, stress is less likely to be concentrated on the round chamfered portion 303 when the upper die 2 is lowered.

また、本実施形態の鍛造装置1によると、鍛造後のハイポイドギヤ91の歯底に、歯切り加工を施す必要がない。このため、ハイポイドギヤ91の製造時間を短くすることができる。また、製造コストを削減することができる。 Further, according to the forging device 1 of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to perform gear cutting on the tooth bottom of the hypoid gear 91 after forging. Therefore, the manufacturing time of the hypoid gear 91 can be shortened. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

(その他)
以上、本発明の鍛造装置の実施の形態について説明した。しかしながら、実施の形態は上記形態に特に限定されるものではない。当業者が行いうる種々の変形的形態、改良的形態で実施することも可能である。
(others)
The embodiment of the forging device of the present invention has been described above. However, the embodiment is not particularly limited to the above embodiment. It is also possible to carry out in various modified forms and improved forms that can be performed by those skilled in the art.

図6(A)〜(D)に、その他の実施形態(その1〜その4)の鍛造装置の型閉め状態における部分拡大図を示す。なお、図3と対応する部位については、同じ符号で示す。図6(A)、図6(B)に示すように、丸面取部303の曲率は一定でなくてもよい。図6(A)に示すように、丸面取部303は、長軸が上下方向(軸方向)に配向された部分楕円状であってもよい。図6(B)に示すように、丸面取部303は、長軸が水平方向(径方向)に配向された部分楕円状であってもよい。図6(C)に示すように、丸面取部303の代わりに、角面取部304を配置してもよい。上下方向断面において、角面取部304は、上側に向かって、直線状に縮径している。図6(D)に示すように、丸面取部303と角面取部304とを組み合わせて配置してもよい。また、複数の丸面取部303を組み合わせて配置してもよい。また、複数の角面取部304を組み合わせて配置してもよい。 6 (A) to 6 (D) show partially enlarged views of the forging apparatus of the other embodiments (No. 1 to No. 4) in the mold closed state. The parts corresponding to FIG. 3 are indicated by the same reference numerals. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the curvature of the round chamfered portion 303 does not have to be constant. As shown in FIG. 6A, the round chamfered portion 303 may have a partially elliptical shape in which the major axis is oriented in the vertical direction (axial direction). As shown in FIG. 6B, the round chamfered portion 303 may have a partially elliptical shape in which the major axis is oriented in the horizontal direction (diameter direction). As shown in FIG. 6C, a square chamfered portion 304 may be arranged instead of the round chamfered portion 303. In the vertical cross section, the square chamfered portion 304 is linearly reduced in diameter toward the upper side. As shown in FIG. 6D, the round chamfered portion 303 and the square chamfered portion 304 may be arranged in combination. Further, a plurality of round chamfered portions 303 may be arranged in combination. Further, a plurality of square chamfered portions 304 may be arranged in combination.

鍛造装置1により製造される歯型鍛造品の種類は特に限定しない。例えば、平歯車、ラック、内歯車、はすば歯車、ねじ歯車などであってもよい。つまり、鍛造装置1における歯型203の位置は限定しない。歯型203の位置によらず、隙間41にワーク90の肉が入り込みにくくなる分だけ、歯型203にワーク90の肉を充填しやすくなる。歯型鍛造品がベベルギヤの場合、例えば、ストレートベベルギヤ、スパイラルベベルギヤなどであってもよい。また、ベベルギヤの用途は特に限定しない。車両のディファレンシャル装置のサイドギヤ、デフピニオンギヤ、ドライブピニオンギヤなどに用いてもよい。ベベルギヤの形状は、円板状であっても、環状であってもよい。歯型鍛造品には、製品、粗形材(歯成形後に加工が必要なもの)が含まれる。なお、鍛造装置1により、歯型鍛造品以外の鍛造品を製造してもよい。この場合であっても、欠肉などの成形不良の発生を抑制することができる。 The type of tooth mold forged product produced by the forging device 1 is not particularly limited. For example, spur gears, racks, internal gears, helical gears, screw gears, and the like may be used. That is, the position of the tooth mold 203 in the forging device 1 is not limited. Regardless of the position of the tooth mold 203, it becomes easier to fill the tooth mold 203 with the meat of the work 90 by the amount that the meat of the work 90 is less likely to enter the gap 41. When the forged tooth type is a bevel gear, for example, a straight bevel gear, a spiral bevel gear, or the like may be used. The use of the bevel gear is not particularly limited. It may be used as a side gear, a differential pinion gear, a drive pinion gear, or the like of a vehicle differential device. The shape of the bevel gear may be a disk shape or an annular shape. Forged tooth molds include products and rough-shaped materials (those that need to be processed after tooth molding). The forging device 1 may be used to manufacture a forged product other than the tooth mold forged product. Even in this case, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of molding defects such as lack of meat.

鍛造装置1を使用する際の環境温度(鍛造温度)は特に限定しない。すなわち、鍛造装置1は、温間鍛造、冷間鍛造、熱間鍛造に用いることができる。鍛造装置1に、図1〜図3に示すバリ逃がし隙間40を配置しなくてもよい。すなわち、鍛造装置1は、半密閉鍛造(バリ逃がし隙間40から余分な肉をはみ出させる鍛造。バリ出し鍛造)、密閉鍛造に用いることができる。 The environmental temperature (forging temperature) when the forging device 1 is used is not particularly limited. That is, the forging device 1 can be used for warm forging, cold forging, and hot forging. It is not necessary to arrange the burr relief gap 40 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the forging device 1. That is, the forging device 1 can be used for semi-closed forging (forging that allows excess meat to protrude from the burr relief gap 40. Burr out forging) and closed forging.

可動型(上型2)の移動方向は特に限定しない。水平方向、斜め方向(上下方向や水平方向に対して交差する方向)であってもよい。固定型(下型3)に成形凹部20が、可動型(上型2)に成形凸部30が、各々配置されていてもよい。本発明の鍛造装置により製造された歯型鍛造品には、歯切り加工を施す必要がない(勿論、必要であれば、寸法精度向上を目的に、仕上げの歯切り加工等を追加で施してもよい)。このため、歯底に鍛造肌が残りやすい。 The moving direction of the movable type (upper type 2) is not particularly limited. It may be in a horizontal direction or an oblique direction (a direction that intersects the vertical direction or the horizontal direction). The molding recess 20 may be arranged in the fixed mold (lower mold 3), and the molding convex portion 30 may be arranged in the movable mold (upper mold 2). It is not necessary to perform gear cutting on the tooth mold forged product manufactured by the forging device of the present invention (of course, if necessary, additional finishing gear cutting or the like is performed for the purpose of improving dimensional accuracy. May be good). Therefore, forged skin tends to remain on the tooth bottom.

以下、図1〜図3を援用しながら、上記実施形態の鍛造装置1について行った実験について説明する。図3に示すように、鍛造装置1の上型2のストロークの下死点の位置は、所定の調整範囲D内で、上下方向に調整可能である。そこで、この下死点調整機能を利用して、上型2のストロークの下死点の位置と、鍛造装置1により製造されたハイポイドギヤ91の歯910の欠肉量と、の関係について実験した。 Hereinafter, an experiment performed on the forging apparatus 1 of the above embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2 of the forging device 1 can be adjusted in the vertical direction within a predetermined adjustment range D. Therefore, using this bottom dead center adjustment function, an experiment was conducted on the relationship between the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2 and the amount of lack of meat in the teeth 910 of the hypoid gear 91 manufactured by the forging device 1.

実施例1〜8は、上記実施形態の鍛造装置1により製造されたハイポイドギヤ91である。比較例1〜7は、従来の鍛造装置100により製造されたハイポイドギヤ91である。鍛造装置1と鍛造装置100との相違点は、図3に示すように鍛造装置1が丸面取部303を備えているのに対して、図5に示すように鍛造装置100が角部101を備えている点だけである。それ以外の装置構成、下死点調整機能、動作等は共通している。 Examples 1 to 8 are hypoid gears 91 manufactured by the forging device 1 of the above embodiment. Comparative Examples 1 to 7 are hypoid gears 91 manufactured by the conventional forging device 100. The difference between the forging device 1 and the forging device 100 is that the forging device 1 has a round chamfered portion 303 as shown in FIG. 3, whereas the forging device 100 has a corner portion 101 as shown in FIG. It is only the point that it has. Other device configurations, bottom dead center adjustment function, operation, etc. are common.

以下、図3に示すように、上型2のストロークの下死点の位置の調整範囲Dにおける、最下位置d1を0%位置、最上位置d2を100%位置と定義する。表1に、実施例1〜8の上型2のストロークの下死点の位置を示す。表2に、比較例1〜7の上型2のストロークの下死点の位置を示す。

Figure 2021115592
Figure 2021115592
Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 3, in the adjustment range D of the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2, the lowest position d1 is defined as the 0% position and the uppermost position d2 is defined as the 100% position. Table 1 shows the positions of the bottom dead center of the strokes of the upper mold 2 of Examples 1 to 8. Table 2 shows the positions of the bottom dead center of the strokes of the upper mold 2 of Comparative Examples 1 to 7.
Figure 2021115592
Figure 2021115592

表1に示すように、実施例1、2、3・・・と番号が増加するのに従って、下死点の位置は下降する。同様に、表2に示すように、比較例1、2、3・・・と番号が増加するのに従って、下死点の位置は下降する。 As shown in Table 1, the position of the bottom dead center decreases as the numbers increase from Examples 1, 2, 3, .... Similarly, as shown in Table 2, the position of the bottom dead center decreases as the numbers increase in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, ....

図4に示すように、欠肉量の測定位置a〜cは、ハイポイドギヤ91(実施例1〜8、比較例1〜7)の中心Oを基準とする3重の円(径方向外側から内側に向かって円A〜C)上に設定されている。測定位置aは、周方向に互いに略均等に離間して、円A上に合計6カ所設定されている。測定位置bは、周方向に互いに略均等に離間して、円B上に合計6カ所設定されている。測定位置cは、周方向に互いに略均等に離間して、円C上に合計6カ所設定されている。図5に示すように、欠肉量Uは、ハイポイドギヤ91の歯910の歯先の設計位置を0mmとした場合の実際の歯先の位置(ワーク90の肉の到達位置)である。 As shown in FIG. 4, the measurement positions a to c of the amount of lack of meat are triple circles (from the outside to the inside in the radial direction) with reference to the center O of the hypoid gears 91 (Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7). It is set on the circles A to C) toward. A total of six measurement positions a are set on the circle A so as to be substantially evenly separated from each other in the circumferential direction. The measurement positions b are set at a total of 6 positions on the circle B so as to be substantially evenly separated from each other in the circumferential direction. A total of six measurement positions c are set on the circle C so as to be substantially evenly separated from each other in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the missing portion U is the actual position of the tooth tip (the arrival position of the meat of the work 90) when the design position of the tooth tip of the tooth 910 of the hypoid gear 91 is 0 mm.

図7(A)に、実施例1〜8の円A上の測定位置aの欠肉量を示す。図7(B)に、実施例1〜8の円B上の測定位置bの欠肉量を示す。図7(C)に、実施例1〜8の円C上の測定位置cの欠肉量を示す。なお、図7(A)〜図7(C)中、Hは、実施例1〜8各々の6カ所の測定位置aの欠肉量の最大値を示す。Lは、実施例1〜8各々の6カ所の測定位置aの欠肉量の最小値を示す。Mは、実施例1〜8各々の6カ所の測定位置aの欠肉量の平均値を示す。縦軸の欠肉量の表記について、下に行くほど(絶対値が大きいほど)欠肉量は多くなる。 FIG. 7A shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position a on the circle A of Examples 1 to 8. FIG. 7B shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position b on the circle B of Examples 1 to 8. FIG. 7C shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position c on the circle C of Examples 1 to 8. In FIGS. 7 (A) to 7 (C), H indicates the maximum value of the amount of missing meat at the measurement positions a at 6 points in each of Examples 1 to 8. L indicates the minimum value of the amount of missing meat at the measurement positions a at 6 points in each of Examples 1 to 8. M indicates the average value of the amount of lack of meat at the measurement positions a at 6 points in each of Examples 1 to 8. Regarding the notation of the amount of meat loss on the vertical axis, the amount of meat loss increases as it goes down (the larger the absolute value).

図8(A)に、比較例1〜7の円A上の測定位置aの欠肉量を示す。図8(B)に、比較例1〜7の円B上の測定位置bの欠肉量を示す。図8(C)に、比較例1〜7の円C上の測定位置cの欠肉量を示す。なお、図8(A)〜図8(C)における最大値H、最小値L、平均値M、欠肉量の意味は、図7(A)〜図7(C)と同様である。 FIG. 8A shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position a on the circle A of Comparative Examples 1 to 7. FIG. 8B shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position b on the circle B of Comparative Examples 1 to 7. FIG. 8C shows the amount of lack of meat at the measurement position c on the circle C of Comparative Examples 1 to 7. The meanings of the maximum value H, the minimum value L, the average value M, and the amount of missing meat in FIGS. 8 (A) to 8 (C) are the same as those in FIGS. 7 (A) to 7 (C).

図8(A)に示すように、比較例1〜4によると、上型2のストロークの下死点の位置が低くなるほど、欠肉量が少なくなっている。しかしながら、続く比較例5〜7によると、上型2のストロークの下死点の位置が、表2に示すように鍛造装置の下死点の調整範囲をほぼ限界まで使って低く設定しているにもかかわらず、ハイポイドギヤ91の背面(歯910が成形されない面)のバリ(図5に示す隙間41に入り込む肉に対応)が成長するだけであり、欠肉量はあまり変化しない。図8(B)、図8(C)についても同様である。 As shown in FIG. 8A, according to Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the lower the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2, the smaller the amount of meat loss. However, according to the following Comparative Examples 5 to 7, the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2 is set low by using the adjustment range of the bottom dead center of the forging device to almost the limit as shown in Table 2. Nevertheless, the burr on the back surface (the surface on which the teeth 910 are not formed) of the hypoid gear 91 (corresponding to the meat entering the gap 41 shown in FIG. 5) only grows, and the amount of lack of meat does not change much. The same applies to FIGS. 8 (B) and 8 (C).

また、図8(A)に示すように、単一の比較例(例えば比較例5)に着目すると、6カ所の測定位置a間の欠肉量のばらつき(最大値Hから最小値Lまでの幅)は大きい。図8(B)、図8(C)についても同様である。また、図8(A)〜図8(C)を見比べると、測定位置c、b、aの順に、欠肉量が多くなる。すなわち、径方向内側から外側に向かって、欠肉量が多くなる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 8A, focusing on a single comparative example (for example, comparative example 5), there is a variation in the amount of missing meat between the six measurement positions a (from the maximum value H to the minimum value L). Width) is large. The same applies to FIGS. 8 (B) and 8 (C). Further, when comparing FIGS. 8 (A) to 8 (C), the amount of missing meat increases in the order of measurement positions c, b, and a. That is, the amount of missing meat increases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

これに対して、図7(A)〜図7(C)に示すように、実施例1〜8によると、表1に示すように、下死点位置の調整を鍛造装置で調整可能な範囲の15%分の調整しかしていないが、その範囲のほぼ全範囲において、上型2のストロークの下死点の位置によらず、欠肉量がほとんどない状態となっていることが判る。また、単一の実施例(例えば実施例5)において、欠肉量の周方向のばらつきが小さい。また、図7(A)〜図7(C)を見比べると、測定位置c、b、aによらず、欠肉量は一定である。すなわち、欠肉量の径方向のばらつきが小さい。 On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7 (A) to 7 (C), according to Examples 1 to 8, as shown in Table 1, the adjustment of the bottom dead center position can be adjusted by the forging device. Although only 15% of the adjustment was made, it can be seen that there is almost no meat loss in almost the entire range regardless of the position of the bottom dead center of the stroke of the upper die 2. Further, in a single embodiment (for example, Example 5), the variation in the amount of meat loss in the circumferential direction is small. Further, comparing FIGS. 7 (A) to 7 (C), the amount of missing meat is constant regardless of the measurement positions c, b, and a. That is, the radial variation in the amount of missing meat is small.

1:鍛造装置、2:上型、3:下型、20:成形凹部、30:成形凸部、40:バリ逃がし隙間、41:隙間、90:ワーク、91:ハイポイドギヤ(ベベルギヤ)、100:鍛造装置、101:角部、200:内周面、201:外周面、202:底面、203:歯型、300:第一外周面(外周面)、301:第二外周面、302:段差面、303:丸面取部、304:角面取部、910:歯、U:欠肉量 1: Forging device 2: Upper mold 3: Lower mold, 20: Molding concave part, 30: Molding convex part, 40: Burr relief gap, 41: Gap, 90: Work, 91: Hypoid gear (bevel gear), 100: Forging Device, 101: corner, 200: inner peripheral surface, 201: outer peripheral surface, 202: bottom surface, 203: tooth mold, 300: first outer peripheral surface (outer peripheral surface), 301: second outer peripheral surface, 302: stepped surface, 303: Round chamfered part, 304: Square chamfered part, 910: Teeth, U: Amount of missing meat

Claims (5)

固定型と、
前記固定型に対して相対的に離接可能な可動型と、
前記固定型および前記可動型のうち少なくとも一方に配置され、ワークに歯を成形する歯型と、
を備え、前記ワークから歯型鍛造品を製造する鍛造装置であって、
型閉め時において、前記固定型と前記可動型との間には、前記可動型の移動方向に延在する隙間が区画され、
前記隙間の開口には面取部が配置されることを特徴とする鍛造装置。
Fixed type and
A movable type that can be relatively detached from the fixed type,
A tooth mold that is arranged in at least one of the fixed mold and the movable mold and forms teeth on the work, and a tooth mold.
It is a forging device that manufactures a tooth mold forged product from the work.
When the mold is closed, a gap extending in the moving direction of the movable mold is partitioned between the fixed mold and the movable mold.
A forging device characterized in that a chamfered portion is arranged in the opening of the gap.
前記面取部は丸面取部である請求項1に記載の鍛造装置。 The forging device according to claim 1, wherein the chamfered portion is a round chamfered portion. 前記固定型および前記可動型のうち、
一方は、底面に前記歯型が配置された成形凹部を有し、
他方は、前記成形凹部に相対的に進入可能であって、前記成形凹部の内周面との間に前記隙間を区画する外周面の先端に、前記面取部が配置された成形凸部を有し、
前記ワークを前記成形凸部で前記歯型に押し付けることにより、前記ワークに前記歯を成形し、前記歯型鍛造品を製造する請求項1または請求項2に記載の鍛造装置。
Of the fixed type and the movable type
One has a molding recess in which the tooth mold is arranged on the bottom surface.
On the other hand, a molding convex portion that is relatively accessible to the molding recess and has a chamfered portion arranged at the tip of an outer peripheral surface that partitions the gap between the molding recess and the inner peripheral surface of the molding recess. Have and
The forging device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the work is pressed against the tooth mold by the molding convex portion to form the tooth on the work, and the tooth mold forged product is manufactured.
前記可動型は、上下方向に移動可能であって、前記成形凹部を有する上型であり、
前記固定型は、前記上型の下に配置される下型である請求項3に記載の鍛造装置。
The movable mold is an upper mold that is movable in the vertical direction and has the molding recess.
The forging device according to claim 3, wherein the fixed mold is a lower mold arranged below the upper mold.
前記歯型鍛造品は、ベベルギヤである請求項3または請求項4に記載の鍛造装置。 The forging device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the tooth forged product is a bevel gear.
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