JP2021112788A - Chip crusher and chip cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a chip crusher and a chip cutting method which can prevent emergency stop and a breakage accident caused due to clogging of chips to eliminate problems of time loss and of deterioration in work efficiency caused by work for removing clogged chips.SOLUTION: Large-diameter blades 29 and small-diameter blades 31 are alternately fitted by insertion to a driving shaft 27 that is rotationally driven by a motor to configure a rotary blade. A stationary blade that engages with the rotary blade is fixed to a casing of a cutting part that supports the rotary blade rotatably. When chips are dragged excessively into a cut site and therefore the site is overloaded, the number of the large-diameter blades 29 is reduced (thinned out) to adjust drag-in amounts of the chips to prevent the site from being overloaded. A pattern of thinning-out the large-diameter blades 29 is changed depending on a condition for the chips.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to a chip crusher for finely cutting chips discharged from a machine tool or the like to reduce the volume, and a method for cutting chips.

Chips discharged from machine tools include various materials such as metal materials such as steel and aluminum and synthetic resins, and various shapes such as curls and spirals, which make them extremely bulky. There is. Therefore, if the discharged chips are stored in the container as they are, they will fill up quickly and the storage efficiency will be poor, and subsequent post-treatment (disposal treatment, etc.) will be difficult. Has been done.
As a chip crusher of this type, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a chip processing device provided in a cylindrical casing so that the screw shaft can be rotationally driven and intermittently swings in the direction of the rotational axis is provided. Are known. Chips are cut between the screw shaft and the inner surface of the cylindrical casing by the rotational movement of the screw shaft and the swing in the axial direction, and the chips are pressed and pumped.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-297294

However, in such a chip processing apparatus, since the materials and shapes of the chips are various as described above, clogging is likely to occur, and an emergency stop is often made. When clogging occurs, countermeasures such as removing the clogged chips are taken after the biting state is eliminated by rotating in the reverse direction. When the chip processing device is stopped, the machine tool must also be stopped, resulting in a large time loss, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency.
Further, depending on the biting state, a serious situation such as deformation of the rotating shaft or damage to the screw blades may occur.
Although safety mechanisms such as torque limiters have been provided, it is still necessary to remove the clogged chips after stopping, and the problem of reduced work efficiency due to the stopping of machine tools still remains. ..

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned conventional problems, and prevents an emergency stop or a breakage accident due to clogging of chips, and reduces time loss and work efficiency due to the work of removing the clogged chips. An object of the present invention is to provide a chip crusher and a method for cutting chips that can solve the problem of lowering.

Focusing on the fact that the conventional configuration is based on the idea that a wide variety of chips are processed without distinction and that clogging can occur, the present invention focuses on the chip crusher according to the conditions of the chips. It tries to solve the conventional problem based on the idea of changing the side to prevent clogging.

Specifically, in the invention of claim 1, a rotary blade including a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade that are non-rotatably and detachably fitted into a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor, and the large-diameter blade are inserted. A tip crusher having a fixed blade having a concave portion and a convex portion in which the small-diameter blade is close to each other, and cutting chips between the rotary blade and the fixed blade, and the large-diameter blade in the axial direction of the drive shaft. The tip crusher is characterized in that the arrangement position or arrangement pattern of the small-diameter blade is provided so as to be arbitrarily changeable.
In the present invention, "cutting" includes the concepts of shearing, crushing, breaking, breaking, crushing and the like.

The invention of claim 2 is the tip crusher according to claim 1, wherein the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade are alternately arranged.

The invention of claim 3 is the chip crusher according to claim 1, wherein only the standard region in which the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade are alternately arranged and only the small-diameter blade are continuously arranged, and the chips. It is a chip crusher characterized by the existence of a pull-in suppression region that suppresses the pull-in of the blade.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the chip crusher according to the third aspect, the standard region and the pull-in suppression region are arranged line-symmetrically with respect to a center line orthogonal to the axial direction of the drive shaft. It is a chip crusher characterized by.

The invention of claim 5 is the tip crusher according to claim 3, wherein the recess is not formed in the fixed blade in the pull-in suppressing region.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade are non-rotatably and detachably fitted into a drive shaft driven by a motor to form a rotary blade, and a recess into which the large-diameter blade enters and the small-diameter blade. Is a method for cutting chips with a fixed blade having a convex portion adjacent to the blade, and the number of the large-diameter blades is thinned out according to the conditions of the chips, and the thinned portion is formed. Is a method for cutting chips, which comprises arranging the small-diameter blades and performing cutting while suppressing the drawing of the chips by the large-diameter blades.

According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent an emergency stop or a breakage accident due to clogging of chips, and solve the problems of time loss and reduction of work efficiency due to the work of removing the clogged chips.

It is a perspective view of the chip crusher which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the tip crusher main body in the tip crusher shown in FIG. It is a bottom view of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the insertion state of the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade with respect to the drive shaft of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. 2A and 2B are views showing a rotary blade of the tip crusher main body, where FIG. 2A is a side view of a large-diameter blade and FIG. 2B is a side view of a small-diameter blade. It is a perspective view which shows the rotary blade (standard arrangement) of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. It is a top view of the rotary blade of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the fixed blade of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. It is a partially omitted plan view which shows the meshing state of the rotary blade of the tip crusher main body shown in FIG. 2 and the fixed blade shown in FIG. It is a top view of the assembled state of the rotary blade (special arrangement) in the 2nd Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the assembled state of the rotary blade shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the fixed blade corresponding to the rotary blade shown in FIG. It is a partially omitted plan view which shows the meshing state of the rotary blade shown in FIG. 10 and the fixed blade shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, the chip crusher according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The chip crusher 1 has a movable pedestal 5 having a plurality of casters 3 at the lower end, a chip crusher main body 7 arranged on the upper surface of the pedestal 5, a hopper 9, and the like.
The chip crusher main body 7 includes a cutting portion 15 having an upper surface opening shape in which a rotary blade 11 and a fixed blade 13 (see FIG. 2) are housed, a motor 17 as a drive source for rotationally driving the rotary blade 11, and a motor 17. It has a speed reducer 19 having an orthogonal axis that transmits rotation to the rotary blade 11.
The hopper 9 is fixed to the upper surface of the cutting portion 15, and chips 21 generated by a machine tool (not shown) are conveyed by the chip conveyor 23 and fall, and are introduced into the hopper 9 through the opening 9a to be introduced into the cutting portion 15. Is supplied to.
The hopper 9 also serves as a safety cover for preventing the chips 21 from scattering, and is composed of a transparent member such as an acrylic plate so that the processing status of the chips 21 can be visually recognized from the outside. The front side (fixed blade 13 side) of the hopper 9 is provided so as to be openable and closable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixed blade 13 is fixed to the inside of the casing 25 of the cutting portion 15 having an open upper surface so as to mesh with the rotary blade 11. As shown in FIG. 3, a large number of elongated holes 25a for dropping the cut chips 21 downward are formed on the bottom surface of the casing 25 in a staggered manner. Below the casing 25, a storage box (not shown), a collection conveyor, and the like for storing the cut chips 21 are arranged.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rotary blade 11 includes a large-diameter blade 29 that is fitted and inserted into a drive shaft 27 that is rotationally driven by a motor 17, and a small-diameter blade 31 that has a smaller diameter than the large-diameter blade 29. One end of the drive shaft 27 rotatably supported by the casing 25 of the cutting portion 15 is a connecting portion 27a to the speed reducer 19. The large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are alternately inserted from the other end 27b side in a state where one regulating flange 33A that regulates the axial misalignment of the rotary blade 11 is fixed to the connecting portion 27a side.
A key groove 27c extending in the axial direction is formed on the drive shaft 27, and the key 35 is mounted on the drive shaft 27. It is inserted so that it cannot rotate around (in a non-rotating state).

When the fitting of the predetermined number of large-diameter blades 29 and small-diameter blades 31 is completed, as shown in FIG. 6, the other regulating flange 33B that regulates the axial misalignment of the rotary blade 11 is fixed to the other end 27b side. Will be done. As a result, the rotary blades 11 having a standard arrangement in which the large-diameter blades 29 and the small-diameter blades 31 are alternately arranged are configured. The axial width W (see FIG. 7) of the rotary blade 11 can be changed to, for example, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm in response to a change in the width of the chip conveyor 23.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the large-diameter blade 29 has a metal annular body 29c having an insertion hole 29a and a key groove 29b of the drive shaft 27, and the annular body 29c at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the annular body 29c. It has a plurality of formed blade portions 29d.
As shown in FIG. 5B, a plurality of small-diameter blades 31 include a metal annular body 31c having an insertion hole 31a and a key groove 31b of the drive shaft 27, and a plurality of small-diameter blades 31 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the annular body 31c. It has a formed blade portion 31d.
As shown in FIG. 6, the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are arranged so that their respective blade portions 29d and 31d are displaced in the axial direction (circumferential direction) of the drive shaft 27. That is, the blade portions 31d of the small diameter blade 31 are arranged so as to be located between the blade portions 29d of the large diameter blade 29.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing blade 13 is fixed to the inner surface of the casing 25 of the cutting portion 15 with a fixing screw (not shown). The fixed blade 13 includes a long block-shaped main body 37 extending parallel to the drive shaft 27 and a recess 37a formed on the side of the main body 37 facing the rotary blade 11 into which the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 enters. The small-diameter blade 31 has a convex portion 37b in which the blade portion 31d is close to the blade portion 31d. Reference numeral 37c indicates an insertion hole for the fixing screw.
The concave portions 37a and the convex portions 37b are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the drive shaft 27 according to the shape of the rotary blade 11.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a part of the meshed state between the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 13. As described above, the blade portions 29d and 31d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are deviated in the axial direction of the drive shaft 27, but are shown here in a state where there is no phase difference for easy understanding.

The concave portion 37a and the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 that enters the concave portion 37a have a trapezoidal shape with straight sides on each side, and are passed through a uniform minute gap g smaller than the thickness of the chips 21 over the entire circumference of the trapezoidal shape. The blade portion 29d moves (passes).
As a result, the chips 21 are sandwiched between the minute gaps g and cut by the cooperation between the trapezoidal edge of the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the trapezoidal edge of the recess 37a. Cutting is continuously performed by the rotation of the large-diameter blade 29, and the chips 21 are finely cut.
The tip 31d-1 of the blade portion 31d of the small-diameter blade 31 is in parallel with the tip 37b-1 of the convex portion 37b via a minute gap g. As a result, the chips 21 are sandwiched between the minute gaps g and cut by the cooperation of the tip (edge) 31d-1 of the blade portion 31d of the small diameter blade 31 and the tip (edge) 37b-1 of the convex portion 37b. Cutting is continuously performed by the rotation of the small diameter blade 31, and the chips 21 are finely cut.
Since the positions of the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the blade portion 31d of the small-diameter blade 31 are displaced in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 27, the chips 21 can be efficiently cut.

The upper surface of the rotary blade 11 has a concavo-convex structure in which the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the chips 21 supplied from the hopper 9 project upward from the small-diameter blade 31. Because the large-diameter blade 29 comes into contact with the large-diameter blade 29 first, the large-diameter blade 29 is drawn into the cutting portion between the large-diameter blade 29 and the fixed blade 13.
As described above, the large-diameter blade 29 has both a function of drawing the chip 21 into the cutting portion and a function of cutting the chip 21 between the recess 37a of the fixed blade 13. On the other hand, the small-diameter blade 31 mainly has a function of cutting chips 21 with the convex portion 37b of the fixed blade 13.

As is clear from FIG. 7, in the rotary blades 11 of the standard arrangement in the present embodiment, the large-diameter blades 29 are present at equal intervals over the entire axial direction, so that the action of drawing the chips 21 is in the entire axial direction. It occurs uniformly throughout.
Since the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are detachably provided with respect to the drive shaft 27, the pull-in function is adjusted by changing (reducing) the number of arrangements of the large-diameter blade 29 to form a special arrangement. be able to.

A second embodiment (special arrangement) will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13.
The same parts as those in the first embodiment are indicated by the same reference numerals, and unless otherwise specified, the description of the configuration and the function already described will be omitted.
Depending on the type and conditions of the chips 21, the pulling action of the large-diameter blade 29 in the above configuration may be too great to cause clogging, resulting in an overload. In this case, measures such as adjusting the supply amount of chips 21 from the hopper 9 can be considered, but the equipment configuration becomes complicated.
In order to deal with this problem, in the present embodiment, the number of large-diameter blades 29 arranged is reduced (thinned out) to suppress the attraction of chips 21.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the rotary blade 39 according to the present embodiment, only the standard region Sa in which the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 are alternately arranged and only the small-diameter blade 31 are continuously arranged. Therefore, the structure is such that the pull-in suppression region Sb that suppresses the pull-in of the chips 21 coexists.
Further, the standard region Sa and the pull-in suppression region Sb are arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the center line CL orthogonal to the axial direction of the drive shaft 27.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the recess 37a is not formed in the fixed blade 41 in the pull-in suppression region Sb. That is, the portion of the fixed blade 41 corresponding to the pull-in suppression region Sb is a long convex portion 37b'in which the convex portion 37b is continuous.
When the fixed blade 13 described in the first embodiment is used as it is, the small-diameter blade 31 corresponding to the recess 37a exists, and cutting is not performed at that portion. In that case, since there is a chip 21 that passes through the recess 37a, the cutting length is not uniform.

The pull-in suppression function can be obtained even if the large-diameter blade 29 is randomly thinned out, but by arranging the standard region Sa and the pull-in suppression region Sb line-symmetrically on the drive shaft 27 as described above, the rotary blade 39 The pull-in suppression function in the axial direction can be made uniform.

If the configuration is such that the drawing of the chips 21 by the large-diameter blade 29 is suppressed, the processing capacity of the chips 21 is reduced, but serious problems such as deformation of the drive shaft 27 and damage to the rotary blade 39 due to overload are serious. Accidents can be prevented in advance, and there is no time loss due to the work of removing chips 21 and the stop of the machine tool, which is advantageous in the long term (as a result).

As the pattern for thinning out the large-diameter blade 29, various patterns other than those shown in FIG. 10 can be considered. For example, one large-diameter blade 29 is arranged for every two small-diameter blades 31 arranged.
If the rotary blade unit and the fixed blade of the rotary blade and the drive shaft corresponding to the conditions such as the material and shape of the chip 21 are prepared and replaced in advance, the above problems can be surely prevented. can.
In this case, those corresponding to the conditions of the chips 21 may be individually prepared, but since the rotary blade 39 only changes the arrangement positions of the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31, the drive shaft 27 It may be removed and reassembled for configuration.
Further, if the optimum relationship between the pattern for thinning out the large-diameter blade 29 and the condition of the chip 21 is obtained in advance by an experiment and a replacement table is created, there is an advantage that no operator experience or skill is required.

Next, compatibility in combination with the rotary blade unit and the fixed blade will be described.
As described above, when the width W of the rotary blades 11 and 39 is changed to, for example, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 500 mm in response to the change in the width of the chip conveyor 23, the rotary blades 11 of all dimensions are changed for each rotary blade unit. , 39 and the fixed blades 13, 41 need not be aligned.
That is, in the case of the 400 mm type, it can be configured by combining two sets of the 200 mm type rotary blade and the fixed blade. Further, in the case of the 500 mm type, it can be configured by combining a set of a 200 mm type and a 300 mm type rotary blade and a fixed blade.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and the invention can be made even if there is a design change within a range not deviating from the gist of the present invention. included.
For example, the detent configuration of the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 with respect to the drive shaft 27 may be a spline connection instead of the connection between the key 35 and the key grooves 29b and 31b, respectively. The shape of the blade portion 29d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the concave portion 37a of the fixed blade 13 corresponding thereto, and the shape of the blade portion 31d of the small-diameter blade 31 and the convex portion 37b of the fixed blade 13 corresponding thereto are not limited to the above.
Further, the number of blade portions 29d and 31d of the large-diameter blade 29 and the small-diameter blade 31 is not limited to the above.
Further, in each of the above embodiments, the speed reducer 19 is of the orthogonal axis type, but the speed reducer 19 may be of the series type. Further, the rotation speed of the drive shaft 27 may be changed in multiple stages by the inverter.

1 ... Chip crusher 7 ... Chip crusher body 11, 39 ... Rotary blade 13, 41 ... Fixed blade 15 ... Cutting part 17 ... Motor 27 ... Drive shaft 29 ... Large diameter blade 31 ... Small diameter blade 37a ... Concave 37b ... Convex Sa ... Standard area Sb ... Retraction suppression area CL ... Center line

Claims (6)

A rotary blade composed of a large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade that are non-rotatably and detachably fitted into a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor, and a concave portion into which the large-diameter blade enters and a convex portion in which the small-diameter blade is close to each other. A tip crusher having a fixed blade and cutting chips with the rotary blade and the fixed blade.
A tip crusher characterized in that the arrangement position or arrangement pattern of the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade in the axial direction of the drive shaft is provided so as to be arbitrarily changeable. In the chip crusher according to claim 1,
A tip crusher characterized in that the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade are alternately arranged. In the chip crusher according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that there is a standard region in which the large-diameter blade and the small-diameter blade are alternately arranged, and a pull-in suppression region in which only the small-diameter blade is continuously arranged to suppress the pull-in of the chips. Chip crusher. In the chip crusher according to claim 3,
A chip crusher characterized in that the standard region and the pull-in suppression region are arranged line-symmetrically with respect to a center line orthogonal to the axial direction of the drive shaft. In the chip crusher according to claim 3 or 4.
A tip crusher characterized in that the recess is not formed in the fixed blade in the pull-in suppressing region. A large-diameter blade and a small-diameter blade are non-rotatably and detachably fitted into a drive shaft driven by a motor to form a rotary blade. It is a method of cutting chips that cuts chips with a fixed blade that has a blade.
The feature is that the number of the large-diameter blades is thinned out according to the conditions of the chips, and the small-diameter blades are arranged at the thinned-out portion to perform cutting while suppressing the drawing of the chips by the large-diameter blades. How to cut chips.

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